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The high rotenone content and the rotenone crude extract of Tephrosia vogelii and Derris trifoliata were evaluated for its efficacy in the control of red imported fire (RIFA), Solenopsis invicta under both laboratory and field conditions. The acetone extracts of D. trifoliata roots and T. vogelii leaves exhibited strong toxicity to macroergate and micrergate of RIFA. When active ingredients of the crude extracts were convert to rotenone, the activity of the acetone extracts were higher than that of rotenone technical material. At the same time, the extracts showed significant inhibitory effect on walking ability and grasping ability of worker ants and stronger than the effect of 98.6% rotenone technical material. Under field conditions, the 0.01% rotenone-bait, formulated with the acetone extract of D. trifoliata roots and T. vogelii leaves, had the same control effect on RIFA as that of 0.01% fipronil-bait when treated after 30 d. The bait formulated with the extract of D. trifoliata exhibited quicker and higher effect on RIFA than that of rotenone technical material. It was showed that the acetone extracts of D. trifoliata roots and T. vogelii leaves are able to control S. invicta under both laboratory and field conditions and can be used as an effective agent against RIFA.

To explore the effect of concentrated dephenolic cottonseed protein (CDCP) partly instead of fish meal on the non-specific immune of Penaeus monodon, we designed a single factor test to study the four types of non-specific immunity of P. monodon hepatopancreas after acute salinity stress. A total number of 5,400 P. monodon were selected with an initial body weight of 1.76±0.15g and randomly divide into 6 groups (3 replicates per group, 900 tails per replicate). Shrimp were feed with two protein level diets (Diet A and Diet B). After 8 weeks of feeding, P. monodon were randomly selected with an average weight of 14.71±1.06g in each feed group, and subjected to acute salinity stress of 10ppt and 20ppt after temporary rearing, and the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), Na+-K+-ATPase, cortisol and the content of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured. The results of the study showed that when the CDCP partially replaced fish meal of P. monodon diet, the hepatopancreas HSP70, and the contents of Na+-K+-ATPase and cortisol were significantly higher than those of the control group. In the acute salinity change, there was no significant difference in the survival rate of P. monodon at 48h under the two salinity stresses, and the four immune indexes showed different trends. The expression level of Cortisol was more prominent than that of HSP70, which could better reflect the stress degree of P. monodon. Most of the indicators showed a trend of rising and then falling and then rising compared with the original level, and the changes of the four indicators of hepatopancreas in the Diet B group were significantly higher than those in the Diet A group at most time point of the two salinities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]