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To investigate the contributions of cognitive flexibility, inhibition and number label knowledge to children's numerical equivalence, one hundred and one 3- to 5-year-olds were administered the dimensional change card sorting task, the day-night task and the give-a-number task. The numerical equivalence was assessed with the numerical matching task in three surface similarity conditions. Results showed that, in the high surface similarity condition, cognitive flexibility and label knowledge, rather than inhibition, were significant predictors of children's performance in numerical equivalence. In the low surface similarity and the cross-mapping conditions, only cognitive flexibility, rather than number label knowledge and inhibition, significantly explained the unique variance in numerical equivalence. Besides, cognitive flexibility explained more variation in numerical equivalence in the cross-mapping condition compared with the low surface similarity condition. These findings highlight different roles of cognitive flexibility, inhibition and number label knowledge in numerical equivalence in the three surface similarity conditions.

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Narrow-bandgap tin-lead (Sn-Pb) mixed perovskite solar cells (PSCs) play a key role in constructing perovskite tandem solar cells that are potential to overpass Shockley-Queisser limit. A robust, chemically stable and low-temperature-processed hole transporting layer (HTL) is essential for building high-efficiency Sn-Pb solar cells and perovskite tandem solar cells. Here, we explore a room-temperature-processed NiO x (L-NiO x ) HTL based on nanocrystals (NCs) for Sn-Pb PSCs. In comparison with high-temperature-annealed NiO x (H-NiO x ) film, the L-NiO x film shows deeper valence band and lower trap density, which increases the built-in potential and reduces carrier recombination, leading to a power conversion efficiency of 18.77%, the record for NiO x -based narrow-bandgap PSCs. Furthermore, the device maintains about 96% of its original efficiency after 50 days. This work provides a robust and room-temperature-processed HTL for highly efficient and stable narrow-bandgap PSCs.

An innovative booster is proposed with the aim of increasing the final penetration depth of the OMNI-Max anchor in the clayey seabed with high strength gradient. The booster is attached to the tail of the OMNI-Max anchor, which is beneficial in improving both gravitational and kinetic energies of the hybrid anchor (i.e., booster + OMNI-Max anchor) during installation and can be retrieved after dynamic installation. The present study carried out two categories of large deformation numerical analyses to simulate the dynamic penetration processes of OMNI-Max anchors and hybrid anchors in normally consolidated and lightly overconsolidated clay. The coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) approach was used to investigate the effects of impact velocity, booster weight, and soil strength characteristics (including the strain-rate behavior, the strain-softening behavior, and the undrained shear strength) on the final penetration depth of the anchor. Due to the limitations of the CEL approach in simulating the adhesion friction at the anchor–soil interface, a thin layer region method coupled in the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach was used to investigate the effect of the friction coefficient at the anchor–soil interface on the final penetration depth of the anchor. Based on numerical simulation results, a comprehensive prediction model based on the anchor total energy was established to rapidly predict the final penetration depth of the OMNI-Max anchor and the hybrid anchor by considering the strain-rate effect, strain-softening effect, and friction coefficient at the anchor–soil interface.

A concise synthesis of the tetracyclic skeleton of palhinine alkaloids is described. The approach features a bifunctional Lewis acid promoted Diels–Alder/carbocyclization cascade for the rapid construction of the isotwistane (tricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decane) core. This key reaction is highly diastereoselective and could be carried out on gram scale. The cyclization product already possesses the completed ring system of palhinine alkaloids and could potentially be further functionalized to palhinine A.

In order to solve the stable walking and tracking of the bionic mammalian four-legged mechanical dog, the paper introduces the mechanical structure and robot control, adopts the tandem rod structure and the new vision processing algorithm, and realizes the stable movement of the robot. The recognition and processing technology of track information image is improved, so that the four-legged bionic robot moves forward accurately along the given track, and the tracking function of the four-legged bionic mechanical dog is realized.

A light-weight gravity installed plate anchor (L-GIPLA) is put forward in the present study to secure offshore floating structures, such as floating wind turbines, floating net-cages, wave and tidal energy converters, and floating oil and gas platforms. The L-GIPLA is installed with the aid of a booster, which can be connected at the tail of the anchor during dynamically installation and retrieved after installation. The L-GIPLA owns the advantages of dynamically installation, deep penetration depth and high capacity efficiency. In the present study, the dynamic installation process of the L-GIPLA with a booster in clay is modelled by conducting three-dimensional large deformation analysis in commercial software ANSYS CFX, which is a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software based on the finite volume method (FVM). Non-Newtonian fluid model, incorporating the strain-rate and strain-softening effects, is used to simulate the undrained clayey soil. Various factors influencing the final penetration depth of the anchor have been studied. These factors include the soil strength characterizations (strain-rate and strain-softening effects), and impact velocity. The results show that the L-GIPLA can obtain a relatively deep penetration depth in the seabed, indicating the L-GIPLA is an efficient alternative in offshore engineering.

Background Early diagnosis and effective treatment of liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) are keys to improving the prognosis of patients. Increasing evidences clarify that autophagy-related genes (ARGs) make great differences to the generation and progression of LIHC, and may serve as prognostic biomarkers for LIHC. Methods We randomly divided the LIHC patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) into the training and testing group. Next, use the training group to perform univariate Cox, LASSO and multivariate Cox analysis to construct our prognostic index (PI) model for LIHC; use the testing group and the whole TCGA set to make internal validations; use the International Cancer Genome Consortium to make external validations; and use the whole TCGA, GSE14520 and Oncomine to exam the expression patterns of the five ARGs. Then, we performed the ROC curve as well as univariate and multivariate analysis to evaluate the independent prognostic prediction power of the PI model, and made nomograms to estimate 1,3,5-year survival rate of LIHC patients. Besides, we conducted functional enrichment analyses of differentially expressed ARGs with GO, KEGG and GSEA, and made drug sensitivity analysis for the PI model via the GDSC database. Results A novel PI model which was composed of five key ARGs ( ATG9A , EIF2S1 , GRID1 , SAR1A and SQSTM1 ) succeeded to be constructed. All the internal and external validations testified that the PI model could well distinguish high-risk patients from low-risk ones, with AUC values > 0.60. Further comparison analysis showed that the PI model was no less than some common prognostic factors. People can estimate the 1,3,5-year survival rate of individual LIHC patient with the nomograms. Additionally, we obtained 62 differentially expressed ARGs and studied the potential mechanisms or pathways. Furthermore, we also found some potential targeted drugs associated to the five ARGs for LIHC patients. Conclusions The novel five-ARGs PI model has great potential to serve as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in LIHC, which may guide future clinical applications to some extent and improve the outcome of LIHC patients.

The OMNI-Max anchor, a newly developed gravity installed anchor, offers a cost effective anchoring solution with improved reliability for deep-water mooring facilities. However, the anchor final penetration depth is relatively shallow in the soil with high strength gradient. A booster, which can be attached at the tail of the OMNI-Max anchor, is designed with the aim to improve both the anchor directional stability and terminal velocity, such that the anchor can penetrate deeper into the seabed and consequently gain higher holding capacity. The objective of this paper is to investigate the directional stability and terminal velocity of the OMNI-Max anchor and hybrid anchor (i.e. an OMNI-Max anchor with a booster) based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. The numerical simulation results demonstrated that the booster is beneficial in moving the position of the hydrodynamic centre towards the anchor rear, hence the directional stability of the hybrid anchor is improved. Moreover, the anchor terminal velocity was increased from 22.44 m/s to 32.01 m/s by the aid of a booster. Finally, an optimised design on the booster geometry was performed to ensure that the hybrid anchor can obtain high terminal velocity and maintain directional stability at the same time.

An innovative booster concept is proposed to increase both the kinetic and potential energies and hence to increase the penetration depth of the OMNI-Max anchor within the clayey soil with high strength gradient. This paper carried out 1g model tests to investigate the working efficiency of the booster on the anchor penetration depth both in normally consolidated (NC) and lightly over-consolidated (LOC) soils. The similarity relationships of the anchor dynamic penetration within the soil were first deduced, and then a series of dynamic penetration tests were performed to investigate the parameters that influence the anchor penetration depth. The parameters include the soil strength characterisation, impact velocity, booster weight, inclined impacting angle, and water drag and entrainment effects. The anchor dynamic penetration process within the soil was measured by a micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometer, through which the soil strain-rate effect and the hydrodynamic aspects including the water drag force and potential water entrainment along the anchor-soil interface were analysed. Finally, energy-based and force-based prediction models were put forward to estimate the penetration depths of OMNI-Max anchors and hybrid anchors (i.e. an OMNI-Max anchor with a booster).

Emodin is a main anthraquinone compound which exists in Chinese traditional medicines including Polygonum multiflorum and Rhubarb. It is documented to have obvious liver and kidney toxicity. This study aims to (a) estimate gender differences of the hepatotoxicity and toxicokinetics in rats after oral administration of emodin (60 and 150 mg/kg/d) for a consecutive 28 days and (b) clarify relative mechanisms caused by glucuronidation and disposition. Hepatotoxicity was significantly higher in female rats than that in male rats, as evidenced by histopathological and biochemical tests. Similarly, the toxicokinetic profiles of emodin have time and gender differences, which could cause time and gender differences in hepatotoxicity. The metabolic and transcriptomics data of 55 human liver and 36 human kidney samples demonstrated that UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7) was the predominant enzyme for emodin glucuronidation. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified that rs11726899 located within ∼50 kb of the transcript of UGT2B could significantly affect emodin metabolism. Knockdown of UGT2B7 in HepG2 cells significantly decreased emodin glucuronidation and increased cytotoxicity of emodin. The gene expression and protein levels of UGT2B7 were decreased, but those of the multidrug-resistant-protein 2 (MRP2) were increased in HepG2 cells after being treated with 50 μM emodin for 48 h. Long-term use of emodin could decrease the intrinsic clearance (CLint, decreased by 18.5%-35.4%) values of zidovidue (UGT2B7 substrate) glucuronide in both male and female liver microsomes from rats administrated with emodin for 28 days, thus causing the accumulation of emodin. However, higher self-induced MRP2 expression and lower hepatotoxicity were observed in emodin-treated male rats compared to that in female rats. Therefore, gender differences in the hepatotoxicity and toxicokinetics of emodin are potentially mediated by the coupling of UGT2B7 and MRP2 in vivo.

OMNI-Max anchors are newly developed dynamically installed anchors for deep water mooring systems. However, the final penetration depth of the anchor after its dynamic installation can be limited, especially in a strong soil seabed with high strength gradient, due to its limited release height in water and large contact areas between the anchor flukes and the adjacent soil. To increase the anchor final penetration depth in seabed, an innovative concept of anchor booster is proposed in this paper. The booster, comprised of a cylindrical shaft with three rear fins, is attached to the anchor tail during its dynamic installation and then is retrieved after installation for reuse. The boosters with three different sizes, hence different masses, are designed and tested. Three dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted to investigate the working efficiency of a booster on the final penetration depth of the OMNI-Max anchor in a strong soil seabed. Moreover, the entire process of the dynamic installation of the hybrid anchors (an OMNI-Max anchor with a booster) from water to seabed is predicted by a theoretical model. The results demonstrate that the booster is beneficial both in improving the directional stability and impact velocity for the OMNI-Max anchor during its free fall in water. Relative to the OMNI-Max anchor, the final penetration depth of a hybrid anchor increases significantly (from 23% to 115%) due to the addition of the booster, which helps the anchor to gain higher holding capacity. This preliminary study is only to prove effectiveness of the booster concept without a complete investigation of the booster. More detailed studies are planned in the pipeline.

The plate shaped gravity installed anchor (GIA) provides a potential alternative to deepwater mooring systems as its dynamic installation and diving behavior. However, the anchor final penetration depth in seabed soils, especially in soils with high strength gradient, is relatively shallow due to the limited impact velocity and large contact area between the anchor and the surrounding soil. An innovative booster concept is put forward in this study to increase the anchor final penetration depth by increasing the kinetic energy during free fall in water and gravitational energy during dynamic penetration within seabed. The booster is attached to the rear of the anchor during installation and can be retrieved after installation for reuse. The present study performed model tests with the aim of investigating the working efficiency of booster on the impact velocity of the GIA during free fall in the water column. A mini motion tracing device (MTD) is developed to record the anchor free fall history in water. The hydrodynamic characteristics, including the terminal velocity, drag coefficient and directional stability, for the GIA were studied. A series of experimental cases were subsequently conducted to study the effects of the adding booster on the impact velocity and directional stability of the GIA. The testing results demonstrated that both the directional stability and the release height can be improved for the GIA with a booster, thus the anchor impact velocity is increased. The anchor kinetic energy is significantly increased due to the additional mass and increased impact velocity by the booster, which ensures the anchor to be embedded deeper within seabed.

Carbon nitride as a metal-free conjugated polymer exhibits an intriguing prospect for the design of advanced photosensitizers for singlet oxygen ( 1O2) generation. However, the intersystem crossing (ISC) process is quite insufficient in carbon nitride, limiting the 1O2 generation. Here, we report a facile and general strategy to confined benzophenone as a heavy atom-free spin converter dopant in carbon nitride via the facile copolymerization . With proper energy level matching between the heavy atom-free spin converter and various ligands based on carbon nitride precursors, the proper combination can decrease the singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔE ST) and hence generate 1O2 effectively. Due to its significant and selectivity for 1O2 generation, the as-prepared carbon nitride-based photosensitizer shows a high selective photooxidation activity for 1,5-dihydroxy-naphthalene (1,5-DHN). The product yield reached 71.8% after irradiation for 60 min, which was higher than that of cyclometalated PtII complexes (53.6%) in homogeneous photooxidation. This study can broaden the application of carbon nitride in the field of selective heterogeneous photooxidation due to simple operation, low cost, and high efficiency, making it a strong candidate for future industrialization.

The OMNI-Max anchors are newly developed dynamically installed anchors for deep water mooring systems. After installation, the anchor is keyed to a new orientation and position by tensing the attac...

Carbon dots as a novel photocatalyst have attracted much attention, but they are still limited by their poor electron transfer properties. It is worth noting that graphene structures as a major component of carbon dots, play an important role in the electron transfer properties and photocatalysis. Herein, under different calcination temperature, carbon dots with various graphitization degrees were prepared from the mixture of EDTA-Fe and EDTA-Cu via a facile one-step pyrolysis. The graphitization degree of FeCu-CDs was proved by means of Raman, XRD and XPS spectra. The FeCu-CDs prepared at high temperature have higher graphitization degree and show excellent electron transfer ability. On the other hand, unsaturated metal dopants with mixed valence states (Fe2+, Fe3+, Cu+ and Cu2+) were fabricated and proved by XPS, ESR and FT-IR spectra, which are beneficial to further enhance both the electron donating/accepting abilities by changing their valence state. This higher graphitization degree and its synergy with dual metal dopants in FeCu-CDs can promote the photocatalytic efficiency in the photooxidation reaction of 1,4-DHP.

Full-flow penetrometers (ball and T-bar) are widely used for measurements of strength characteristics of clayey soils in offshore field investigations and laboratory tests. However, the accuracy of the estimated undrained shear strength is hampered by: (1) the drastic variation of the bearing factor for the penetrometer at shallow and transitional penetration depths where full-flow mechanisms are not achieved; and (2) the strain-softening of the soil, which results in a degradation of the estimated strength. This study conducted LDFE analyses to simulate the entire penetration process of full-flow penetrometers in strain-softening soils from shallow to deep embedment depths. Parametric studies were performed to investigate the effects of varied factors on the bearing factor and failure mechanism during the penetrometer penetration. Based on the LDFE analyses, empirical formulas are established to represent the critical penetration depths in the strain-softening soil, which are used to correct the bearing factor at shallow penetration depths. The discrepancies of the transitional failure mechanism and the trapped cavity bearing factor between ball and T-bar are emphasized. Finally, a back-analyses framework is proposed to estimate the strength parameters (including the original undrained shear strength prior to any strain-softening, and the strain-softening parameters) based on the measurements of the penetrometer during the first penetration from shallow to deep embedment depths. Through a series of model tests, the reliability of the back-analyses framework is validated.

This paper presents a series of 1g tests to investigate the performance of an innovative light-weight gravity installed plate anchor (L-GIPLA) with the aid of a reusable booster both in normally consolidated (NC) and lightly over-consolidated (LOC) soils. A micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometer was used to measure the dynamic penetration process of the L-GIPLA with a booster in clay. Various factors affecting the final penetration depth of the anchor were investigated, including the soil strength characterisation, impact velocity, anchor shape, booster weight, and water entrainment effects. Based on the data obtained from the MEMS accelerometer, the hydrodynamic aspects associated with the water drag force and water entrainment effect during the dynamic penetration of the L-GIPLA were analysed. Besides, theoretical framework and energy-based models were proposed to predict the final penetration depth of the L-GIPLA. The excess pore water pressure induced by the dynamic penetration of the L-GIPLA and the subsequent dissipation around the anchor were investigated, hence the affected regions of the soil due to the dynamic penetration could be estimated. Finally, the penetration depth ratio and capacity-to-weight ratio of the proposed L-GIPLA were compared with that of other gravity installed anchors.

Offshore floating facilities are fixed by anchoring systems embedded in seabed soils through chains or ropes. The chain inverse catenary profile embedded in soils influences both the anchor failure mechanism and the anchor holding capacity. The chain mobilizes varying soil normal and tangential resistances during motion, hence it is with difficulty to depict the chain profile. The present work proposed a modified method to estimate the chain inverse catenary profile with high accuracy based on the chain equations and the chain yield envelope. A testing arrangement with three load cells and two MEMS (Micro-electromechanical systems) accelerometers included was designed in model tests. By model tests, the loading combinations of the soil tangential and normal resistances on the chain were obtained and the yield envelopes for both chain and rope were determined. In addition, supplemental model tests were performed to validate the modified method proposed in this study, and the testing results indicated that the estimated chain inverse catenary profile was in good agreement with the actual one. Moreover, the testing arrangement is beneficial in investigating the chain-soil-anchor interaction.

Singlet oxygen (1O2) is considered one of the most effective and selective oxygen agents. However, it is always obtained with the help of heavy atoms in the photosensitizers to sensitize 3O2. Herein, metal–nitrogen (M–Nx) doped 1O2 photosensitizers were readily prepared from metal–nitrogen complex. Their relative metal centers (e.g., Co) chelated with the N/C moiety (Co–Nx/C) provide the primary active sites for 1O2 generation and selective oxidation. The structures of Co–Nx active sites are investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron, Fourier transform infrared, and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. Their functions for 1O2 generation are confirmed by electrons spin resonance, 1O2 emission, KSCN poisoning test, and H2SO4 etching test. These Co–Nx photosensitizers show excellent selective photooxidation abilities for 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene after irradiation by a light-emitting diode lamp. After simple concentration and filtration, it is easy to obtain...

This letter is concerned with the undrained bearing capacity of rectangular footings with various aspect ratios and embedment ratios in uniform clay. It covers thin plate foundations with low aspect ratios and high embedment depth with embedment ratio up to 150. The work is based on small strain finite element analysis (FEA). After verification of the FEA model against existing solutions of the bearing capacity factors of rectangular footings, a series of FEA results are obtained. Based on the FEA results, a simple formulation is proposed to calculate the bearing capacity factor for rectangle footing with different aspect ratio in any embedment depth, extending the existing solutions to cover a wider ranges of footing aspect ratios and embedment ratios.

In this study, we constructed a new survival model using mRNA expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi) for prognostic prediction in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) of HCC transcriptome data (374 HCC and 50 normal liver tissue samples) from the TCGA database revealed 7498 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that clustered into seven gene modules. LASSO regression analysis of the top two gene modules identified ANGPT2, EMCN, GLDN, USHBP1 and ZNF532 as the top five mRNAsi-related genes. We constructed our survival model with these five genes and tested its performance using 243 HCC and 202 normal liver samples from the ICGC database. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and receive operating characteristic curve analyses showed that the survival model accurately predicted the prognosis and survival of high- and low-risk HCC patients with high sensitivity and specificity. The expression of these five genes was significantly higher in the HCC tissues from the TCGA, ICGC, and GEO datasets (GSE25097 and GSE14520) than in normal liver tissues. These findings demonstrate that a new survival model derived from five strongly correlating mRNAsi-related genes provides highly accurate prognoses for HCC patients.

This study aimed to examine the role of perceptual interference, semantic interference and relational integration in the development of analogical reasoning, and to compare the interactive pattern of interference and relational integration (RI) in children and adults. In Experiment 1, we tested thirty-one 3-and 4-year-olds, twenty-seven 5- and 6-year-olds, and forty adults for perceptual interference and relational integration in analogical reasoning. Perceptual interference emerged when proper mapping between analogically matching objects was incoherent with their perceptual features. Relational integration was evaluated via manipulation of the number of objects in an analogical scene. Significant main effects of perceptual interference and relational integration were found in children and adults. In Experiment 2, we tested thirty 3- and 4-year-olds, twenty-seven 5- and 6-year-olds, and forty adults for semantic interference and relational integration in analogical reasoning. Semantic interference emerged when proper mapping between analogically matching objects was incoherent with their categorical features. Results showed significant main effects of semantic interference and relational integration in children and adults. The results of both experiments suggested different mechanisms of interference and relational integration in children and adults. For children, interference and relational integration depended on shared cognitive sources. If one factor (i.e., interference resolution) needed more cognitive demand, there would be limited resources available for another factor (i.e., relational integration). Furthermore, for adults, the increased load of relational integration and interference on adults’ analogical reasoning exceeded the sum of their respective singular effects. For 3- and 4-year-olds, the degree of perceptual interference was larger than the degree of semantic interference in the Binary Relation condition, while there was no significant difference between the degree of two types of interference in the Quaternary Relation condition. Moreover, for 5- and 6-year-olds, the degree of semantic interference was larger than the degree of perceptual interference in both relation conditions. For adults, there was no difference between the degree of two types of interference in both relation conditions. The article also discusses the theoretical and practical implications of this research.

Free-fall penetrometers (FFP) are time-efficient and cost-effective tools for estimation of seabed strength parameters. However, the accuracy of strength parameters are coupled affected by the strain-rate effect, the strain-softening effect and the hydrodynamic drag on the FFP. A modified free-fall ball penetrometer with a booster (FFBPB) was put forward in the present study for the convenience of measuring the strength of soils with deep embedment depth. Numerical analyses based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach were conducted in the present study to investigate the complex ball-soil interaction, from which the expressions of the strain-rate factor, drag coefficient, and added mass were established. Then a back-analyses framework was developed to estimate the strength parameters, including the original undrained shear strength, strain-rate parameter, and strain-softening parameters, based on the measurements from the FFBPB. Finally, a series of model tests were performed to validate the back-analyses framework. The back-analysed strength parameters are considerably consistent with that from quasi-static tests, indicating the reliability of the back-analyses framework.

Rationale: The clinical prognosis of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) patients is poor. Therefore, effective treatment is still a challenge at present. Moreover, little is known about the value of radiotherapy in the treatment of PTCL-NOS. Patient concerns: A 55-year-old male patient with eating difficulties and progressive exacerbation for 3 months was diagnosed as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Airway compression occurred after 2 cycles of first line treatment with cyclophosphamide–Adriamycin–vincristine–prednisone regimen, radiotherapy (48Gy/24f) was given as the second line therapy. Diagnosis: After radiotherapy, the patient complained that mild intermittent dysphagia still existed. Endoscopic biopsy of the upper digestive tract confirmed necrotic material and superficial squamous epithelial mucosa, suggesting esophageal stricture after radiotherapy, which was indistinguishable from tumor residue. Interventions: The patient received anti-inflammatory treatment outside the hospital and did not receive any other special treatment. Outcomes: The symptoms of dysphagia disappeared and the focus showed complete response (CR). As of October 1, 2020, the patient has been diagnosed with PTCL-NOS for more than 57 months and the overall survival (OS) have not been achieved. Lessons: Radiotherapy has obvious and rapid anti-tumor effect on cyclophosphamide–Adriamycin–vincristine–prednisone refractory PTCL-NOS. At the same time, hollow organs after radiotherapy can lead to lumen stenosis and the symptoms of suspected recurrence which is difficult to distinguish only from the imaging findings.

The light-weight gravity installed plate anchor (L-GIPLA) is a plate-shaped anchor for securing offshore floating structures, which is dynamically installed with the aid of a booster. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the hydrodynamic characteristics of the hybrid anchor (L-GIPLA + booster) during free fall in water. Model tests are conducted in the present study to investigate the drag coefficient and directional stability of the L-GIPLA and the corresponding hybrid anchor. On the basis of model testing results, the geometry of the L-GIPLA is optimised with tapered fluke with round-grinded edge and folding shank. It is verified by model tests that the modified anchor with folding shank is favourable for improving the directional stability and reducing the drag coefficient for the hybrid anchor. In order to mitigate the effect of the mooring line on the directional stability of the hybrid anchor, an arched fin or fan-shaped plate is set at the rear of the hybrid anchor in the direction opposite the shank to balance the drag force on the mooring line.

This paper presents an overview of recent developments of the dynamically installed anchor (DIA), which is self-installed through its gravitational energy. Example results from the dynamic installation process and holding capacity of the DIA are highlighted, including the hydrodynamic characteristics of the anchor during free fall in water, anchor-soil-water interaction during dynamic installation in the seabed, and the anchor-mooring-line-soil interaction when the anchor is undergone uplift loading. On the basis of the present overview, simplified theoretical models are summarised to predict the entire installation process and holding capacity of the DIA. This paper describes design principles of the DIA and the current physical and numerical techniques analysing the anchor-mooring-line-soil-water interaction. Moreover, further development about the DIA is highlighted and advanced physical and numerical techniques solving the anchor-mooring-line-soil-water interaction are stated.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are a potential class of nanomaterial for antibiosis and chemotherapeutic effects against human carcinoma cells. However, the DNA-damaging ability of free AgNPs pose the critical issues in their biomedical applications. Herein, we demonstrated a facile method to capture Ag+ ions and reduce them into active AgNPs within Zr-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) of UiO-66 with a mild reductant of DMF (AgNPs@UiO-66(DMF)). The average diameters of UiO-66 carriers and AgNPs were facilely controlled to be 140 and 10 nm, respectively. The obtained UiO-66 nanocarriers exhibited excellent biocompatibility and could be effectively endocytosed by cancer cells. Additionally, the AgNPs@UiO-66(DMF) could rapidly release Ag+ ions and efficiently inhibit the growth of cancer cells. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of the encapsulated AgNPs were calculated to be 2.7 and 2.45 μg mL−1 for SMMC-7721 and HeLa cells, respectively, which were much lower than those of free AgNPs in the reported works. Therefore, the developed AgNPs@UiO-66(DMF) not only maintained the therapeutic effect against cancer cells but also reduced the dosage of free AgNPs in chemotherapy treatment.

As a newly developed gravity installed anchor, the OMNI-Max anchor is an efficient anchoring foundation due to its dynamic installation and diving property during keying. However, due to the complex geometry of the anchor, it is with difficulty to predict the anchor final penetration depth embedded in the seabed. This study carried out 1g model tests in normally consolidated (NC) and lightly overconsolidated (LOC) clay to investigate the effects of the impact velocity, and the soil strength on the anchor final penetration depth. The anchor dynamic penetration process in the soil was recorded by a micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometer. By integrating the anchor acceleration recorded by the MEMS accelerometer, the anchor velocity-displacement curve was obtained. Finally, an empirical formula is put forward to predict the final penetration depth of the OMNI-Max anchor. This study may be beneficial for the engineering design and application.

This study puts forward an innovative lightweight gravity installed plate anchor (L-GIPLA). The L-GIPLA is dynamically installed with the aid of a booster, which is connected at the anchor tail during installation and is retrieved for re-use after installation. The L-GIPLA is designed with the aim of reducing the installed expense, increasing the anchor embedment depth and hence the anchor capacity, and expanding the usage in various seabed sediments. Moreover, the anchor can dive deeper into the soil and obtain higher capacity when the uplift load is beyond the anchor initial capacity, hence the anchor is not vulnerable to be pulled out of the seabed under extreme conditions. Compared with other anchor types, the present L-GIPLA has low fabrication cost and high efficiency in capacity. Two anchor types, triangular and peltate (shield) L-GIPLAs, were proposed in this study and the keying properties of the anchors were investigated using plasticity analysis. Parametric analyses were then carried out to study the effects of padeye offset, padeye eccentricity and loading angle on the anchor trajectory and capacity mobilization. The difference between the two anchors in anchor embedment loss, ultimate embedment depth and capacity were also systematically presented. The optimized padeye offset angles and loading angles at the mudline were also recommended.