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SummaryIn June 2008 the first non-imported fatal case of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) was recorded in northern Greece. We present herein the public health interventions and the case definitions we developed for the epidemiological investigation. The possibility of CCHF establishing endemicity in this area is discussed.

48th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy/46th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America -- OCT 25, 2008 -- Washington, DC Ergonul, Onder/0000-0003-1935-9235 WOS: 000268776900007 PubMed: 19301047 Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a disease with high fatality. To demonstrate the effectiveness of ribavirin against CCHF. The first group of 21 patients received ribavirin within 4 days of the onset of symptoms (early use of ribavirin, EUR); the second group of 20 patients received ribavirin a parts per thousand yen5 days after the onset of the symptoms of the disease (late use of ribavirin, LUR); and the last group of 11 patients did not receive ribavirin (no use of ribavirin, NUR). At 5-10 days from the onset of symptoms the mean platelet counts of the patients in the EUR group were significantly higher than those of the patients in LUR group, and at 7-9 days, they were significantly higher than that of the patients in the NUR group. The mean aspartate transferase levels in the EUR group were significantly lower than of the NUR group on days 8 and 9, and the mean alanine transferase level was significantly lower on day 8 after the onset of the symptoms. There is a beneficial effect of ribavirin if given at an early phase of the CCHF. We suggest ribavirin use especially in the early phase of the disease. Infect Dis Soc Amer

We report a case of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) infection in a 36-week pregnant woman. She was treated with ribavirin. She did not transmit the disease to her baby. Her baby was the first known to survive being delivered by a woman with CCHF. The initialization of ribavirin treatment probably resulted in the survival of the mother and her baby. (C) 2009 The British Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

La fievre hemorragique de Crimee Congo (CCHF) est une arbovirose transmise par des tiques. Elle touche de nombreuses especes de vertebres, sans signes cliniques majeurs apparents. Elle est a l'origine de fievres hemorragiques chez l'homme, avec un taux de mortalite atteignant 10 a 30 %. Sa repartition geographique est tres large puisqu'elle est presente en Eurasie, au Moyen-Orient et en Afrique. L'agent causal de la maladie appartient a la famille des Bunyaviridae, genre Nairovirus.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne disease that may also be transmitted through person-to-person transmission by exposure to infected body fluids. Despite its wide geographic distribution in animals, CCHF virus is rarely associated with recognized human diseases. We report the first case of imported CCHF in France.

Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral haemorrhagic disease, mostly transmitted by tick bites. It is clear that ignorance of the necessary precautions results in nosocomial infections in health care settings. Post exposure ribavirin prophylaxis is not well described. We report 2 cases of nosocomial CCHF infections.

This study aimed to investigate the clinical and epidemiologic features of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever among 34 children and adolescents (mean age, 13.3 +/- 4.6 years) from a highly endemic region. Clinical manifestations were similar to those in adults. The case-fatality ratio was 26.5% (9 of 34). Compared with adult patients, children and adolescents may be more vulnerable to severe and fatal Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever.

In June 1999, a cluster of patients with viral hemorrhagic fever were reported in central provinces of Iran. Similar cases were subsequently verified in other parts of Iran. During June 1999 to February 2004, a total of 255 patients were recorded in Southeast of Iran. The epidemiological features, clinical manifestations, treatment and outcome will be discussed.

Viral haemorrhagic fevers (VHF) have attracted the attention of the medical world and general public for many reasons, some based in reality and more on misinformation. They are amongst the highest profile infections in the public mind, because they are thought to be highly infectious and to kill most of their victims in a dramatic way (1,2). To add to the intrigue, mysteries remain about the source of some of the viruses involved. They emerge and re-emerge in many countries, most recently Ebola in Uganda in 2000 (3) and Gabon in 2001/02 (4), and Congo Crimean Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) in Kosovo (5) and Pakistan in 2001 (6). Large outbreaks have affected populations in endemic areas, living mainly in inaccessible areas or refugee camps where living conditions are very difficult. Poorly resourced medical facilities have played a role in amplifying transmission and infection control measures have been difficult or virtually impossible to establish. These viruses are likely to remain a threat until the reservoir is identified and as long as endemic areas are afflicted with ecological change, poverty and social instability. Recent events since September 11 2001 remind us of their potential to be used as weapons, and that fear can present a risk to public health.

Congo-Crimean Haemorrhagic Fever virus, isolated from a patient in Iraq, was grown, after passage in suckling mouse brain, in BHK cells. The particles matured after 8-9 days in these cells by budding, usually singly, into cytoplasmic vacuoles throughout the host cells. The virions had an overall diameter of 115 to 125 nm, including rounded surface spikes 15 nm long and 10 nm wide. The viral cores, surrounded by a lipid unit membrane, contained discrete electron-dense elements. It is suggested that the spikes, dimpled at their outer end and possibly hollow throughout their length, passed out through "pores" in the unit membrane.

Summary Objective: To determine the peak time of outbreak of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) and to highlight the disease-specific areas in the Balochistan province of Pakistan. Design: A hospital-based case-series study. Place and Duration: A five-year study was conducted by the Department of Pathology in collaboration with the Department of Medicine, Sandeman Provincial Teaching Hospital, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan, from 1 March 1997 to 28 February 2002. Patients and methods: A total of 135 cases were included in the study based on a high index of suspicion of CCHF. The mean age was 33.5 ± 18.7 years. Two sets of blood samples were drawn on admission; one set was sent for urgent routine investigations while the other was sent to CDC, Atlanta, USA, for confirmation. Results: The study showed that CCHF was more common between March and May and again, between August and October, depicting a bi-annual surge. Out of 135 suspected cases, 83 (61.4%) were confirmed to have CCHF and were given platelet concentrate and ribavirin. It was observed that CCHF was more common in specific areas of the province. Conclusions: It is essential to raise the level of knowledge regarding CCHF, especially in disease-specific areas, focussing on the peak outbreak periods.

A hospital outbreak of haemorrhagic fever took place in Dubai in November, 1979. The index case died in the casualty department shortly after admission. There were five secondary cases among hospital staff, two of whom died. When, 3 months after this outbreak, a patient with symptoms characteristic of haemorrhagic fever was admitted, immediate barrier nursing prevented further secondary cases.

Resume Cinq souches de virus Congo-Crimee de la fievre hemorragique ont ete isolees a partir de lots de tiques Boophilus microplus , recoltees sur depouilles de bœuf aux abattoirs de Tananarive en 1985. Ces souches representent les premiers isolements de virus Congo-CHF, ainsi que les premiers isolements viraux a partir de tiques, a Madagascar. La necessite d'une surveillance de la circulation virale dans la population humaine est soulignee.

Necropsies were carried out on two patients who died of Congo-Crimean haemorrhagic fever (C-CHF) in Dubai. The diagnosis was confirmed by isolation of C-CHF virus from the liver. Histopathological changes included extensive cellular necrosis and haemorrhage in the liver, necrosis and lymphoid depletion in the spleen, congestion and oedema formation in the lungs, and haemorrhage in a number of other organs.

Observation chez un homme de 48 ans admis a l'hopital avec de la fievre, des maux de tete et des myalgies. Durant la periode hemorragique le patient presente une leucopenie et une thrombocytopenie