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IntroductionAbortion is a common gynecological procedure and plays a central role in women's health and autonomy. To maintain accessibility to abortion, it is important that sufficient obstetrics and gynecology (Ob/Gyn) residents intend to provide abortion care after residency. This study identifies factors that influence a resident's intention to provide abortions (IPA) post-training.Materials and methodsA multiple-choice survey, addressing demographics, religious background, residency program metrics, training experience and intent to provide abortions (IPA), was answered by 409 Ob/Gyn residents. Chi-square test was performed on descriptive statistics and continuous variables were tested with ANOVA with pResultsResidents with IPA were predominantly female (p = 0.001), training in the Northeast and West (pConclusionThese results suggest that factors influencing a physician's intention to provide abortions are multifactorial, involving personal and program factors. A model predicting IPA is derived. To maximize IPA, residency programs can increase abortion volume, facilitate additional training and build a supportive faculty.

AIM The study aims to determine resident applicant metrics most predictive of academic and clinical performance as measured by the Council of Resident Education in Obstetrics and Gynecology (CREOG) examination scores and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) clinical performance (Milestones) in the aftermath of United States Medical Licensing Examination Scores (USMLE) Step 1 becoming a pass/fail examination. METHODS In this retrospective study, electronic and paper documents for Wayne State University Obstetrics and Gynecology residents matriculated over a 5-year period ending July 2018 were collected. USMLE scores, clerkship grade, and wording on the letters of recommendation as well as Medical Student Performance Evaluation (MSPE) were extracted from the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) and scored numerically. Semiannual Milestone evaluations and yearly CREOG scores were used as a marker of resident performance. Statistical analysis on residents (n = 75) was performed using R and SPSS and significance was set at P

Information literacy classes are becoming common on college campuses to help first year students learn information search skills necessary for higher education. Free speech debates on some college campuses has bred a level of student activism not seen since the 1960s. Librarians can play a key role formulating positive and informed student responses through First Year Information Literacy (FYIL) classes that focus on information literacy in context of social justice issues of race, gender and free speech.

Rupert ConradDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, GermanyRecent years have seen a huge increase in knowledge about the phenomenon of placebo analgesia. As such, we are able to state with confidence that placebo analgesia exists and exhibits clinically relevant effects,1–4 even though the relative sizes of these effects display a large variation.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a incidência de doenças diarreicas (DA) e infecção respiratória aguda (IRA) em crianças submetidas à suplementação de zinco e outros micronutrientes através dos sprinkles, bem como a aceitação destes pelos participantes. MÉTODO: Ensaio clínico, duplo cego, randomizado, realizado com 143 crianças institucionalizadas, saudáveis, de seis a 48 meses. As mesmas foram randomizadas em dois grupos e receberam diariamente zinco + micronutrientes - grupo teste (sprinkles), ou apenas micronutrientes sem zinco - grupo controle. As crianças foram suplementadas por 90 dias e acompanhadas quanto aos desfechos de DA e IRA. RESULTADOS: Das crianças randomizadas, 52,45% pertenciam ao grupo teste e 47,55% ao controle. A incidência de DA no teste foi de 14,7%, e no controle, 19,1%. O grupo teste apresentou menor risco de desenvolver DA em relação ao controle, porém esse achado não foi estatisticamente significante (RR = 0,77 [0,37-1,6]; p = 0,5088). A IRA apresentou incidência elevada em ambos os grupos, sendo 60% no teste e 48,5% no controle, com risco maior de apresentar a doença no grupo teste, porém sem significância estatística (RR=1,24 [0,91-1,68]; p = 0,1825). Quanto à aceitação, o percentual médio de consumo, em dias, de todo conteúdo dos sachês contendo sprinkles foi 95,72% (DP = 4,9) e 96,4% (DP = 6,2), para o teste e controle, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: A suplementação de zinco através dos sprinkles não reduziu a incidência de DA ou IRA entre as crianças avaliadas. Os sprinkles foram bem aceitos por todos os participantes do estudo.

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of diarrheal disease (DD) and acute respiratory infection (ARI) in children undergoing supplementation of zinc and other micronutrients through the use of sprinkles, as well as their acceptance by these participants. Method: This was a randomized double-blinded clinical trial of 143 healthy institutionalized children, aged 6 to 48 months. They were randomized into two groups and received daily zinc and micronutrients – test group (sprinkles), or micronutrients without zinc - control group. Children were supplemented for 90 days and followed regarding the outcomes of DD and ARI. Results: Of the randomized children, 52.45% belonged to the test and 47.55% to the control group. The incidence of DD in the test group was 14.7% and was 19.1% in the control group. The test group showed a lower risk of developing DD when compared to controls, but this finding was not statistically significant (RR = 0.77 [0.37 to 1.6], p = 0.5088). ARI had high incidence in both groups, 60% in the test group and 48.5% in the control group, with an increased risk of developing the disease in the test group, but with no statistical significance (RR = 1.24 [0.91 to 1.68], p = 0.1825). Regarding acceptance, the mean percentage of consumption, in days, of the entire content of the sachets containing sprinkles was 95.72% (SD = 4.9) and 96.4% (SD = 6.2) for the test and control groups, respectively. Conclusions: Zinc supplementation through the use of sprinkles did not reduce the incidence of DD or ARI among the evaluated children. The sprinkles were well accepted by all study participants.

The effect of high frequency (HF) electric fields on the crystallization and sintering rates of a lithium aluminum germanium phosphate (LAGP) ion conducting ceramic was investigated. LAGP with the nominal composition Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 was crystallized and sintered, both conventionally and under effect of electrical field. Electrical field application, of 300V/cm at 1MHz, produced up to a 40% improvement in sintering rate of LAGP that was crystallized and sintered under the HF field. Heat sink effect of the electrodes appears to arrest thermal runaway and subsequent flash behavior. Sintered pellets were characterized using XRD, SEM, TEM and EIS to compare conventionally and field sintered processes. The as-sintered structure appears largely unaffected by the field as the sintering curves tend to converge beyond initial stages of sintering. Differences in densities and microstructure after 1 hour of sintering were minor with measured sintering strains of 31% vs. 26% with and without field, respectively . Ionic conductivity of the sintered pellets was evaluated and no deterioration due to the use of HF field was noted, though capacitance of grain boundaries due to secondary phases was significantly increased.

Information literacy classes are becoming common on college campuses to help first year students learn information search skills necessary for higher education. Free speech debates on some college campuses have bred a level of student activism not seen since the 1960s. Academic librarians can play a key role to educate students in First Year Information Literacy (FYIL) classes with a social justice context inclusive of race, gender and free speech.

Background: Low neighborhood income is linked with increased hospitalizations for central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) in pediatric short bowel syndrome (SBS). We assessed whether this relationship varies by hospital center. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study using the Pediatric Health Information System (2018–2023) database for patients <18 years old with SBS (N = 1210) at 24 hospitals in the United States. Using 2015 US Census data, we determined the estimated median household income of each patient's zip code. Hospital‐level neighborhood income was defined as the median of the estimated median household income among patients at each hospital. We applied an extension of Cox regression to assess risk for CLABSI hospitalization. Results: Among 1210 children with 5255 hospitalizations, most were <1 year on initial admission (53%), male (58%), and publicly insured (69%). Hospitals serving low‐income neighborhoods served more female (46% vs 39%), Black (29% vs 22%), and Hispanic (22% vs 16%) patients with public insurance (72% vs 65%) residing in the southern United States (47% vs 21%). In univariate analysis, low hospital‐level neighborhood income was associated with increased risk of CLABSI hospitalization (rate ratio [RR], 1.48; 95% CI, 1.21–1.83; P < 0.001). These findings persisted in multivariate analysis (RR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.10–1.84; P < 0.01) after adjusting for race, ethnicity, insurance, region, and patient‐level neighborhood income. Conclusion: Hospitals serving predominantly low‐income neighborhoods bear a heavier burden of CLABSI hospitalizations for all their patients across the socioeconomic spectrum. Hospital initiatives focused on CLABSI prevention may be pivotal in addressing this disparity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CRK adaptor proteins are important for signal transduction mechanisms driving cell proliferation and positioning during vertebrate central nervous system development. Zebrafish lacking both CRK family members exhibit small, disorganized retinas with 50% penetrance. The goal of this study was to determine whether another adaptor protein might functionally compensate for the loss of CRK adaptors. Expression patterns in developing zebrafish, and bioinformatic analyses of the motifs recognized by their SH2 and SH3 domains, suggest NCK adaptors are well‐positioned to compensate for loss of CRK adaptors. In support of this hypothesis, proteomic analyses found CRK and NCK adaptors share overlapping interacting partners including known regulators of cell adhesion and migration, suggesting their functional intersection in neurodevelopment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]