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Human resource (HR) managers hire conscientious employees because they are both productive and are viewed as upholding high ethical standards due to their propensity to engage in voice. Organizations may strive to create a work context conducive to all employees acting ethically, not just conscientious ones, by centralizing decision‐making authority and promoting formalization through a higher hierarchy of authority. Yet, we propose that from the social information processing perspective, in higher hierarchy of authority contexts, peers may view their highly conscientious colleagues as less ethical. We hypothesize these effects through the lens of trait activation theory, according to which in a higher hierarchy of authority context, others are less likely to notice the voice behaviors of conscientious employees. Problematically, when others fail to notice conscientious employees' voice, they may perceive these workers as being less ethical. We tested our hypothesized moderated mediation model in a matched sample of employees (N = 820), their supervisors (N = 445), and peers (N = 529). As predicted, hierarchy of authority moderated the positive relationship between conscientiousness and voice, which in turn explained others' perceptions of their ethicality. Conscientiousness was positively related to peer assessments of ethicality via promotive (not prohibitive) voice when hierarchy of authority was lower (but not higher), partially supporting our hypotheses. These results suggest HR practitioners should be cognizant of the differential evaluations of highly conscientious employees in contexts with different levels of hierarchy of authority, and continuing challenges associated with balancing flexibility and formalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study examines how careless online behavior and personality traits are related to the detection of fake news. We tested the relationships among accurately distinguishing between fake and real news headlines, careless online behavioral tendencies, and the HEXACO and dark triad personality traits. Poorer discernment between fake and real news headlines was associated with greater careless behavior online (i.e., greater online disinhibition, greater risky online behavior, greater engagement with strangers online, and less suspicion of others' intentions online), as well as lower Conscientiousness, Openness, and Honesty-Humility, and greater dark triad traits. Implications for the literature as well as potential interventions to reduce susceptibility to misinformation and fake news are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Relationship between trait general anger and trait driving anger is analysed. • The moderation effect of personality variables in this relationship is explored. • Personality characteristics of the different situations that cause anger on the road are explored. • Self-esteem, Type-A behaviour, and conscientiousness moderate the relationship between both traits. Introduction : Trait driving anger is a widely studied personality variable in the field of road safety, due to its strong relationship with both risky behavior on the road and crash-related events. The Deffenbacher's Driving Anger Scale theoretical approach has underlined different situations that could provoke anger in drivers, although trait driving anger is usually analyzed as a whole. Trait general anger has been proposed as one of the most relevant predictors of trait driving anger, showing moderate relationships with it. Method: The current research aimed to analyze the relationship between trait general anger and each one of the situations provoking anger, as well as to search for personality variables that could moderate these relationships. Based on literature review, it was expected that self-esteem would moderate both Discourtesy and Hostile gestures, Type-A behavior pattern would moderate both Slow driving and Traffic obstructions, and conscientiousness would moderate both Police presence and Illegal driving. A sample of 417 drivers (M age = 31.24, SD age = 13.59, 64.5% females) taken from the Spanish general population completed a set of self-reports. Results: The results showed significant moderation effects in the case of Hostile gestures, Discourtesy, Illegal driving, and Slow driving. Conditional processes of these moderations were analyzed. Lastly, practical implications are discussed, allowing for tailored interventions to be implemented based on individual drivers' tendencies. Therefore, interventions should address different triggers of driving anger: boosting self-esteem for those angered by disrespect, targeting Type-A behavior reduction for those angered by traffic slowdowns, and promoting conscientiousness enhancement for those angered by others' risky driving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, we argue that conscientiousness can be a key factor in accounting for the racial pay gap among Black and White workers. Drawing from shifting standard and status characteristics theories and the literature on occupations, we propose that conscientiousness yields differential rewards for Blacks and Whites because of the incongruence between stereotypes about Black workers and conscientiousness. We further suggest the occupational value of status as an occupational‐level boundary condition that affects the relationships between conscientiousness, race, and pay. We first tested our model with a large national panel dataset, the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 97 (NLSY97), and occupational characteristics scores in the Occupational Information Network (O*NET), finding that the positive effects of conscientiousness on pay were greater for Whites compared to Blacks and that such pay inequality is more pronounced in occupations with high‐status values than in those with low‐status values. A follow‐up experimental study that recruited 202 managers working in the U.S. produced similar results, suggesting that our findings were not attributable to the levels of job performance. Thus, our research demonstrates the role of conscientiousness in generating pay differentials based on race and sheds light on the importance of considering a discrete occupational context that contributes to organizational inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The personality configuration of mentors and mentees is important in understanding mentoring outcomes. While the best mentors appear to have higher degrees of agreeableness and conscientiousness, entrepreneurs generally score lower on agreeableness and have higher degrees of narcissism, a personality trait that could be detrimental to mentoring. We investigated the interaction of narcissism with two traits from the Big Five Inventory, namely agreeableness and conscientiousness, to see how this interaction influenced learning from the relationship of mentee entrepreneurs. Our findings suggest that mentee narcissism negatively influences learning, and mentor agreeableness mitigates the negative effects on mentee learning. These findings show certain beneficial personality configurations in entrepreneurial mentoring and provide elements to consider in managerial practice when pairing mentors and mentees in this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Good Lives Model (GLM) is an offender rehabilitation theory. The model explains that offenders commit crimes because they have problems achieving certain Primary Goods (PG). The current study tested the hypotheses that people with higher importance of the PG will achieve more of their PG and engage in less antisocial behavior. We expected self-regulation to moderate this association. We included data from 156 students in a structural equation model. Among individuals with high conscientiousness, higher PG importance was associated with less antisocial behavior. Furthermore, higher PG importance, as well as more conscientiousness was associated with higher PG achievement. In those with high lack of urgency, PG importance was negatively associated with GPA and positively with antisocial behavior. The results provide partial support for the GLM in the student population and less serious antisocial behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study investigated the relationship between personality traits and MPA in the course of a specific performance. Methods: For this purpose, symptoms of MPA, functional coping with MPA and performance-related self-efficacy of a sample of 393 musicians including 23% professional, 49% non-professional orchestra musicians and 28% singers in amateur choirs were categorized and then used to analyze differences in the personality traits. The questionnaires used were the NEO-FFI and the PQM. Results: The results showed that professional orchestra musicians had significantly higher openness and conscientiousness than non-professional orchestra musicians and amateur choir singers. Musicians who had few symptoms of MPA, positive coping with MPA and high self-efficacy across a specific performance (Type 1) have low neuroticism in their personality traits. Regarding MPA, the personality traits were correlated with all MPA scales after the performance but less with MPA scales before and during the performance. Discussion: Results could indicate that personality traits play a particularly important role in the processing of performance experiences after the performance and suggest focusing on the situation after the performance in particular with professional orchestra musicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Questionable research practices (QRP) are believed to be widespread, but empirical assessments are generally restricted to a few types of practices. Furthermore, conceptual confusion is rife with use and prevalence of QRPs often being confused as the same quantity. We present the hitherto most comprehensive study examining QRPs across scholarly fields and knowledge production modes. We survey perception, use, prevalence and predictors of QRPs among 3,402 researchers in Denmark and 1,307 in the UK, USA, Croatia and Austria. Results reveal remarkably similar response patterns among Danish and international respondents (τ = 0.85). Self-reported use indicates whether respondents have used a QRP in recent publications. 9 out of 10 respondents admitted using at least one QRP. Median use is three out of nine QRP items. Self-reported prevalence reflects the frequency of use. On average, prevalence rates were roughly three times lower compared to self-reported use. Findings indicated that the perceived social acceptability of QRPs influenced self-report patterns. Results suggest that most researchers use different types of QRPs within a restricted time period. The prevalence estimates, however, do not suggest outright systematic use of specific QRPs. Perceived pressure was the strongest systemic predictor for prevalence. Conversely, more local attention to research cultures and academic age was negatively related to prevalence. Finally, the personality traits conscientiousness and, to a lesser degree, agreeableness were also inversely associated with self-reported prevalence. Findings suggest that explanations for engagement with QRPs are not only attributable to systemic factors, as hitherto suggested, but a complicated mixture of experience, systemic and individual factors, and motivated reasoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes whether the personality traits of Members of Parliament (MPs) affect their attitudes toward the representation of gender equality issues. Based on the Big Five personality traits, we argue that Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness shape MPs' positions toward gender equality policies through two different pathways. The first pathway proposes a direct connection. While Openness is expected to positively affect MPs' support for gender equality, Conscientiousness is assumed to have a negative impact. The second pathway runs indirectly, linking Openness and Conscientiousness to preferences toward gender equality through the effect of these personality traits on MPs' general ideological positions. Using data from a survey of elite politicians in Germany and Switzerland, the results of a causal mediation analysis show a positive direct effect of Openness that holds independent of a mediating influence of political ideology. The analysis deepens our understanding of gender equality legislation and the MPs engaging in it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to explore the reciprocal associations between personality traits (conscientiousness and openness to experience) and academic achievement in adolescents, using the Personality Achievement Saturation Hypothesis (PASH). Background: Personality traits, especially conscientiousness, and openness, have been identified as strong predictors of academic achievement. The PASH provides a framework for understanding these relationships but has mainly been studied from a unidirectional perspective. This study extends the PASH to examine reciprocal associations and how they vary with different achievement indicators. Methods: Using large‐scale panel data (N = 6482) of secondary school students in Germany, we applied cross‐lagged panel models and latent change score models to examine the differential reciprocal associations between personality traits (conscientiousness/openness) and academic achievement (school grades/achievement test scores) in language and math over two years from grades 7 to 9. Results: In line with the PASH, initial levels of conscientiousness were more strongly associated with school grades than with achievement test scores over two years. Simultaneously, prior school grades were more strongly associated with conscientiousness over two years. However, initial levels of openness did not show differential associations with either school grades or achievement test scores over two years. Similarly, prior school grades and achievement test scores were also not differentially associated with openness over two years. Conclusions: Our findings introduce an innovative lens through which we observe how the PASH can be leveraged to explain the differential reciprocal associations between conscientiousness and academic achievement. Further research is needed to examine if PASH could be similarly extended to disentangle the associations between openness and academic achievement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present study examined the hierarchical structure of Conscientiousness across three large samples using item‐level analyses. Background: Conscientiousness is among the strongest predictors of individual differences in major life outcomes. Yet decades of work understanding the optimal lower‐order structure of Conscientiousness has not rectified the differences that remain among existing models and measures. To precisely measure its relations to major life outcomes, it is necessary to work toward a comprehensive, replicable conceptualization of the construct's structure. Methods: The present pre‐registered study used three samples (Ns = 446, 406, & 424) to explore the domain's latent structure with item‐level "bass‐ackward" factor analyses and evaluate the resulting structure's interpretability, parsimony, and replicability. Participants completed self‐report measures of Conscientiousness and criteria in its nomological network (e.g., FFM traits, externalizing behavior, disinhibitory traits; informant reports were collected as well). Results: The factor analyses identified five interpretable and replicable factors (i.e., deliberation, order, industriousness, self‐discipline, and dependability) using predominant measures of general personality. An additional factor (i.e., traditionalism) was introduced in the six‐factor solution when the item pool was expanded to include less widely used measures of general personality. Conclusion: The authors discuss the item composition of each factor, their relation to existing models and measures of the domain's structure, their association with relevant criteria, and the general implications of conceptualizing Conscientiousness using flexible, item‐level factor analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: It was reported that voice can carry information about personality and psychological distress. In the current study, the relationship between five‐factor personality traits and psychological distress with voice was enlightened from diverse aspects. Methods: A total of 119 participants (55 with and 64 without dysphonia) sustained vowels /a/ and /i/, read six standard sentences, and answered a question. Three raters auditory–perceptually evaluated the vocal samples using the Persian version of CAPE‐V. The participants were distributed into four groups (vocally healthy, mild, moderate, and severe dysphonia). They completed two questionnaires: NEO Five‐Factor Inventory (NEO‐FFI) and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale‐21. Results: Results showed that the conscientiousness (U = 1146.500, z = −3.27, p =.001) in the dysphonia group was significantly less than the vocally healthy group. Depression (U = 1381.000, z = −2.03, p =.042) and anxiety (U = 1181.000, z = −3.10, p =.002) in the dysphonia group were significantly higher than in the vocally healthy group. In comparing different abnormal overall voice qualities, the mild dysphonia group revealed significantly lower conscientiousness (p =.001) and significantly higher anxiety (p =.002) relative to the vocally healthy group. Conclusions: Findings indicated that the conscientiousness trait could play an influential role in persons with dysphonia and its psychological status. The voice care team should consider conscientiousness and psychological distress during the assessment and treatment of dysphonic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Existing research highlights the link between certain personality traits and mental health in surgeons. However, little research has explored the important role of psychological skills and qualities in potentially explaining this link. A cross-sectional survey of UK-based surgeons was used to examine whether two such skills (psychological flexibility and resilience) helped to explain why certain personality traits might be linked to mental health in surgeons. Method An online survey comprising measures of personality (neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness), psychological skills/qualities (psychological flexibility and resilience) and mental health (depression, anxiety, stress and burnout) was sent to surgeons practising in the UK. Mediation analyses were used to examine the potential mediating role of psychological flexibility and resilience in explaining the relationship between personality factors and mental health. Results A total of 348 surgeons completed the survey. In all 12 mediation models, psychological flexibility and/or resilience played a significant role in explaining the relationship between personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness) and mental health (depression, anxiety and burnout). Conclusion Findings suggest that it is not only a surgeon's personality that is associated with their mental health, but the extent to which a surgeon demonstrates specific psychological qualities and skills (psychological flexibility and resilience). This has important implications for improving surgeons' mental wellbeing, because psychological flexibility and resilience are malleable, and can be successfully targeted with interventions in a way that personality traits cannot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are two main ways to retrieve files: hierarchical navigation and query-based search. File retrieval studies have consistently found navigation preference, with search used only as a last resort when users forget in which folder they stored the target file. However, a minority of people, referred to as hyper-searchers, perform far more searches than others. This study aimed to discover why hyper-searchers conduct searches far more than the rest of the population. To do so, a group of hyper-searchers (n = 50) and a control group (n = 50) were assigned using a double-check allocation method which included both self-estimation and a retrieval task. On average, the search percentage in the retrieval task for the hyper-searchers (67%) was over 13 times higher than for the control group (5%). The study gives ample evidence that hyper-searchers’ files were less organized than the control group. As a result, their average navigation failure percentage (23%) was almost 4 times higher than the control group (6%), and hyper-searchers needed to resort to search. Our results suggest that hyper-searchers’ files were less well-organized because they scored less on the conscientiousness trait of the Big Five personality questionnaire; and in turn, having less organized files forced them to search more. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personality traits are broad constructs composed of nuances, operationalized by personality items, that can provide a more granular understanding of personality associations with health outcomes. This study examined the associations between personality nuances and incident dementia and evaluated whether nuances associations replicate across two samples. Health and Retirement Study (HRS, N = 11,400) participants were assessed in 2006/2008, and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA, N = 7453) participants were assessed in 2010/2011 on personality and covariates. Dementia incidence was tracked for 14 years in the HRS and 8 years in ELSA. In both HRS and ELSA, higher neuroticism domain and nuances (particularly nervous and worry) were related to a higher risk of incident dementia, whereas higher conscientiousness domain and nuances (particularly responsibility and organization) were associated with a lower risk of dementia. To a lesser extent, higher extraversion (active), openness (broad-minded, curious, and imaginative), and agreeableness (helpful, warm, caring, and sympathetic) nuances were associated with a lower risk of dementia, with replicable effects across the two samples. A poly-nuance score, aggregating the effects of personality items, was associated with an increased risk of incident dementia in the HRS and ELSA, with effect sizes slightly stronger than those of the personality domains. Clinical, behavioral, psychological, and genetic covariates partially accounted for these associations. The present study provides novel and replicable evidence for specific personality characteristics associated with the risk of incident dementia. • Personality nuances were related to the risk of incident dementia in two samples. • Higher scores on the items nervous and worry were linked to a higher dementia risk. • Higher responsibility and organization were linked to a lower dementia risk. • Higher scores on the item active were related to a lower dementia risk. • A poly-item score was predictive of dementia risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Email phishing is a serious and potentially catastrophic threat to organisations and individuals. Understanding what factors may influence individual susceptibility to phishing attacks is essential to protecting against cybercrime. We investigated the potential interplay between conscientiousness and cue utilisation in individuals' ability to accurately differentiate between phishing and legitimate emails. University students (N = 255) completed a phishing detection task, the Mini International Personality Item Pool, and the phishing edition of the Expert Intensive Skill Evaluation (2.0) battery. After, they were sent simulated phishing emails to their student email address. A Signal Detection Theory approach revealed that higher cue utilisation was associated with a greater ability to tell whether an e-mail was phishing or not in the detection task. For the simulated phishing emails, participants with lower conscientiousness were more likely to click an embedded link in an unsophisticated phishing email, however cue utilisation had no association with email engagement in a naturalistic setting. The findings provide insight into why some people are more susceptible to phishing scams and reveal important differences in phishing sensitivity as a function of context, which has implications to interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive gerontology research requires consideration of performance as well as perceptions of performance. While subjective memory is positively associated with memory performance, these correlations typically are modest in magnitude, leading to the need to consider whether certain people may show weaker or stronger linkages between performance and perceptions. The current study leveraged personality (NEO Big Five), memory performance (i.e., word recall), and perceptions of memory ability (i.e., metamemory in adulthood and memory decline) data from the St. Louis Personality and Aging Network (SPAN) study (n = 774, mean age: 71.52 years). Extraversion and conscientiousness held the most consistent associations with the cognitive variables of interest, as both traits were positively associated with metamemory and word recall, but negatively associated with subjective decline. Moreover, extraversion moderated associations between word recall and both memory capacity and complaints, insofar that objective-subjective associations were weaker for those adults higher in extraversion. These findings highlight the need to understand how personality influences the sources of information employed for subjective cognitive beliefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study integrates the psychological contract theory with the self-determination theory to examine the impact of relational and transactional psychological contracts on the professional identity of young professionals in Ghana's professional services sector. It further explores how these identities influence their career resilience, considering the moderating effects of conscientiousness and organisational support. Using a quantitative methodology, the research collected data from 421 professionals through a structured questionnaire across various sectors within Ghana's professional services firms. Data were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings revealed that relational and transactional psychological contracts positively influence Professional Identity Strength, with relational contracts exhibiting a more substantial effect than transactional contracts. The study also reveals that professional identity strength significantly influences career resilience. Additionally, conscientiousness and a supportive organisational climate significantly enhance the positive impact of professional identity strength on career resilience. The findings underline the importance of relational contracts and a supportive environment in promoting a strong professional identity and career resilience among young professionals. This research provides new insights into the dynamics of professional identity and resilience in the workplace, particularly within Ghana's professional services sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A company cannot grow unless its employees engage in meaningful behaviours. Therefore, higher learning institutions must foster organisational citizenship behaviour. An educational institution's overall operations are impacted by it, which significantly affects institutions' operations, enhances the effectiveness of educators, and has a favourable effect on students' academic performance. However, the behaviours that men and women are expected to exhibit and how their actions are perceived are both influenced by their gender. Based on the role theory as the theoretical framework, this study explored the differences between male and female respondents' exhibition of altruism, conscientiousness, sportsmanship, courtesy, and civic virtue among academics. 253 academics were chosen at random from a group of 405 participants using a convenience sampling strategy. Data were gathered using a structured questionnaire and analysed through descriptive, factor analysis, and the Mann-Whitney U test. The means showed that employees of this institution appeared to be good citizens displaying all five citizenship dimensions. Furthermore, factor analysis results reported the extraction of five components. Thereafter, the Mann-Whitney test revealed that there were no discernible differences between the organisational citizenship behaviour scores of male and female respondents across all dimensions. These findings create an awareness of the importance of organisational citizenship behaviour in higher learning institutions and give managers a better knowledge of these behaviours. This study advocates that leaders should foster a strong organisational culture that promotes the exhibition of these behaviours within the workplace to make it easier for them to offer assistance to students, and colleagues and advance institutions' goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When a task or goal is hard to think about or do, people can infer that it is a waste of their time (difficulty-as-impossibility) or valuable to them (difficulty-as-importance). Separate from chosen tasks and goals, life can present unchosen difficulties. Building on identity-based motivation theory, people can see these as opportunities for self-betterment (difficulty-as-improvement). People use this language when they recall or communicate about difficulties (autobiographical memories, Study 1; "Common Crawl" corpus, Study 2). Our difficulty mindset measures are culture-general (Australia, Canada, China, India, Iran, New Zealand, Turkey, the United States, Studies 3–15, N = 3,532). People in Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic (WEIRD)-er countries slightly agree with difficulty-as-improvement. Religious, spiritual, conservative people, believers in karma and a just world, and people from less-WEIRD countries score higher. People who endorse difficulty-as-importance see themselves as conscientious, virtuous, and leading lives of purpose. So do endorsers of difficulty-as-improvement—who also see themselves as optimists (all scores lower for difficulty-as-impossibility endorsers). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: An auditor's responsibility to society is undeniable, so understanding more aspects of job success and factors affecting it can help auditors and stakeholders better understand the auditor's role in society. This study examines auditors' professional success by evaluating the five-factor theory (FFT) to determine how auditors' personality traits can predict professional success. The present study attempts to address multiple gaps and, in doing so, makes significant contributions. First, the study extends the limited research on understanding the five-factor theory and auditor's professional success. Our study is among the first to consider the five-factor theory essential to achieving auditors' endogenous and exogenous success. Second, this study assesses the auditors' personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness) with their endogenous and exogenous success. Thus, this explains the mechanism through which personality traits can influence success. Third, to the best of the author's knowledge and through search in peer-reviewed databases, no previous study has empirically explored the effects of auditors' endogenous and exogenous success. Fourth, this study provides insight into this research for regulatory bodies, including the Iranian Association of Certified Public Accountants, about the importance of cognitive components and auditors' personalities. Based on this, the research hypotheses are presented in the following order: H1: A significant relationship exists between neuroticism and the auditors’ endogenous success. H2: A significant relationship exists between neuroticism and the auditors’ exogenous success. H3: A significant relationship exists between extraversion and the auditors’ endogenous success. H4: A significant relationship exists between extraversion and the auditors’ exogenous success. H5: A significant relationship exists between openness to experience and the auditors’ endogenous success. H6: A significant relationship exists between openness to experience and the auditors’ exogenous success. H7: A significant relationship exists between agreeableness and the auditors’ endogenous success. H8: A significant relationship exists between agreeableness and the auditors’ exogenous success. H9: A significant relationship exists between conscientiousness and the auditors’ endogenous success. H10: A significant relationship exists between conscientiousness and the auditors’ exogenous success. Method: This study employed a descriptive-correlational approach, utilizing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to examine the relationships between latent and manifest variables. Conducted during the summer of 2023, this field study aimed to test theoretical frameworks. Given the nature of the variables and the study's objectives, an electronically constructed questionnaire was deemed the most effective data collection method. The target population consisted of members of the Iranian Association of Certified Public Accountants, with a sample size of 348 participants determined using Cochran's formula at a 95% confidence level. Two standardized questionnaires were employed for data collection:  NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R): Developed by McCrae and Costa in 1985, this tool assesses personality traits based on the Five-Factor Model (FFM). The NEO-PI-R includes 60 questions, measuring five main personality factors and six characteristics within each factor.  Job Success Questionnaire: Adapted from Nabi (2001), this instrument evaluates both endogenous and exogenous job success. Endogenous success pertains to individual perceptions of success in their roles, while exogenous success is measured through objective indicators such as financial achievements and promotions. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics (version 26.0) and LISREL (version 10.20), allowing for a comprehensive evaluation of the proposed conceptual model and the testing of research hypotheses. Results: According to result, the significance levels for extroversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness in relation to auditors' subjective (endogenous) success are 7.52, 7.90, 8.65, and 10.34, respectively. At a 95% confidence level, these personality traits significantly influence auditors' subjective success. Auditors who are extroverted, flexible, and conscientious report higher personal satisfaction, optimism, and better interpersonal relationships. All four personality dimensions also impact objective (exogenous) success, with higher income, promotions, and benefits linked to those who are extroverted, adaptable, open-minded, and conscientious. Among the five personality traits, conscientiousness (0.86) has the strongest correlation with objective success, indicating that auditors with leadership skills, long-term planning, technical expertise, and self-control tend to earn higher salaries and benefits. Conversely, extroversion (0.20) shows the weakest relationship with objective success but significantly affects subjective success. Extroverted auditors, characterized by positive emotions and social activity, report greater personal satisfaction, though they may not achieve high income or promotions. Overall, all personality dimensions, except neuroticism, positively correlate with subjective success, suggesting that auditors with these traits are more likely to find personal and professional fulfillment. The findings align with existing research, reinforcing the importance of NEOAC components in auditors' career success. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that personality traits affect the career success of auditors; Explaining the results of this study, it can be said that with the increasing complexity of the business world, the decrease in social trust in auditing services, and the disregard for social benefits in recent financial crises, auditors should use their psychological concepts to promote work success in the workplace. Accordingly, independent auditors who have spent a lifetime in the profession are encouraged to take an essential step in further understanding their behavioral characteristics. The findings of this study inform regulatory bodies, including the Iranian Association of Certified Public Accountants, about the importance of cognitive components and auditors' personalities. Based on these study findings, audit institutions and organizations should educate their members about the importance of their attitudes and behavior in the workplace. Ultimately, these results extend beyond the confines of the audit profession. They serve as valuable information for individuals, shareholders, and potential investors, underscoring the significant role that auditors play in shaping social performance. Given that the present study provides evidence that the components of personality traits have a significant relationship with the professional success of auditors, it should be noted that this study considers only some aspects of practical psychology. Other researchers could be interested in exploring different psychological subsets, such as accuracy and focus, auditors' personality traits, and personality types on the professional success of auditors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ling Liu,1,* Da Yi,2,* Ting Li31Mental Health Teaching and Research Office, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Law School of Criminal Justice, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3Counseling and Education Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Da Yi, Law School of Criminal Justice, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Email 513491675@qq.comPurpose: This study integrates traditional Chinese culture, precisely the philosophy of Zhongyong (中庸) thinking, with the prevention and treatment of depression.Samples and Methods: It involved a study with 700 undergraduate students from a college in Guangzhou, using the Negative Zhongyong Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory for assessments.Results: The findings demonstrated that negative Zhongyong thinking predicts depression inversely. Additionally, conscientiousness indirectly and positively influences this relationship through active involution, thereby enhancing its overall effect. The analysis used the 2-mediated moderation (2meMO) model, which effectively handles error heterogeneous variances and provides a detailed assessment of the interactions between these variables. The specific findings are as follows: (1) There are correlations among negative Zhongyong thinking, depression, conscientiousness, and active involution; (2) Conscientiousness can directly and positively regulate the association between negative Zhongyong thinking and depression, and it can also indirectly regulate this relationship through active involution; (3) The higher the conscientiousness, the more actively individuals engage in active involution, thereby strengthening the negative predictive effect of negative Zhongyong thinking on depression.Conclusion: These research findings contribute to the enrichment of theoretical research on the prevention and treatment of depressive symptoms and offer a fresh perspective on the utilization of traditional Chinese culture in depression prevention and treatment.Keywords: Zhongyong, depression, conscientiousness, involution

Although mentorship is vital for individual success, potential mentors often view it as a costly burden. To understand what motivates mentors to overcome this barrier and more fully engage with their mentees, we introduce a new construct, "learning direction," which captures the beliefs people have about which individuals within a hierarchy—upward, lateral, or downward—are valuable sources of knowledge. Although most mentors believe knowledge resides higher up in hierarchies, the current research demonstrates mentors are more engaged and effective when they value insights from below. Our first three studies found that downward learning predicted mentor engagement (Study 1) because downward learning-directed mentors viewed mentoring as a worthwhile opportunity for their own learning (Studies 2A and 2B). A field study examined downstream consequences on mentees' learning outcomes, finding that downward learning-directed mentors trained more hireable mentees (Study 3). A final experiment established causality while also demonstrating that learning direction is open to intervention: reflecting on a downward learning experience increased mentor engagement, which enhanced the mentorship experience for their mentees (Study 4). We extend theories on learning orientation to learning direction and demonstrate that beliefs about the hierarchical sources of learning are critical to successful mentoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The search for personality traits that are outstanding predictors of hardiness is a widespread research task. However, research results are difficult to access due to the variety of personality characteristics studied. Overcoming this situation involves the use of universal models of personality traits, which include the Big Five model. Objective. Analysis of the relationship between the traits of the Big Five and the hardiness level of a person. Study Participants. The sample consisted of 808 respondents (46.2% men and 53.8% women) aged 17 to 82. Methods. The empirical data were collected by: the questionnaire “Hardiness Survey” adapted by D.A. Leontiev and E.I. Rasskazova; the short questionnaire of the Big Five adapted by A.S. Sergeeva, B.A. Kirillov, and A.F. Dzhumagulova. Mathematical processing of the research results included methods of descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, regression analysis and one-factor analysis of variance. Results. Correlations were found between the total index of hardiness and its components and four traits of the Big Five, such as extroversion, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness. In addition, the indicator of commitment demonstrated the relationship with agreeableness as a factor of the Big Five (p ≤ 0.05). Regression analysis (R2 = 0.28) allowed us to state that significant predictors of hardiness are extraversion (β = 0.17), emotional stability (β = 0.19) and conscientiousness (β = 0.20). Conclusions. The results of the study can be used in the development of psychological intervention programmes aimed at promoting the stress resistance of young people, adults and the elderly. The prospects of the study are associated with a detailed study of the relationship between resilience and the factors of the Big Five, taking into account various socio-demographic factors.

Introduction: Speaking anxiety in educational settings is among the most prevalent and important social anxieties playing a critical role in the anxiety experienced by students. Objective: The current study aimed to test the structural relations model of personality traits with speaking anxiety among students. Method: The present research was descriptive-correlational of structural equations type. The statistical population consisted of all undergraduate students of psychology at Islamic Azad University, Babol branch, in the academic year 2021-2022, among them 136 people were selected by the convenience sampling method. McCrae and Costa’s Personality Traits Questionnaire (1985) and Bartholomay and Houlihan’s (2016) Public Speaking Anxiety Scale were used for data collection, and data analysis was performed by structural equation modeling using SPSS software version 18 and Amos software. Results: According to the results, the personality traits of extroversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness, and agreeableness were significantly and negatively related to speaking anxiety (p

In the dominant Aristotelian view, virtues are traits that contribute to human flourishing, happiness and well-being. Although some scales in psychology are partially based on Aristotelian virtue theory, few of them operationalise all the aspects of virtues that Aristotle took to be essential. The aim of this project was to develop and validate the Aristotelian Virtue of Conscientiousness Scale (AVCS). The initial 60 scale items were developed based on Aristotelian virtue theory. This item pool was piloted and administered to a sample (n = 301) together with measures of distress, satisfaction with life and Big Five Conscientiousness. The twenty-eight most reliable items were selected based on psychometric criteria and subjected to Rasch analysis. The best model fit was achieved when items were combined into six testlets to address local dependency. The AVCS scale displayed excellent reliability (Person Separation Index = 0.88) and was invariant across gender and age. The ordinal-to-interval conversion tables were generated for the AVCS ordinal scores, which strongly correlated with life satisfaction. The AVCS is a reliable and valid measure with good psychometric properties that can be used in future happiness research. The ordinal AVCS scores can be transformed into interval level data using conversion tables published here, which improves accuracy of measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Typically, individuals are motivated to see themselves in a flattering light regarding their physical and personality characteristics. We suggest that visual self‐perception is anchored in the true self which is largely the self‐enhancing self, and may also reflect the privileged access to one's traits and internal states. Here, we examine the impact and limits of self‐enhancement motivation and egocentric bias on individuals’ recognition of variations of their portraits in terms of the Big Five personality dimensions. We predict that individuals recognise themselves better in positively altered portraits, namely, portraits looking more agreeable, conscientious and open. We also predict that self‐enhancement is anchored in reality: Individuals recognise themselves less in strongly altered than in slightly or non‐altered portraits. In Study 1, we measure the directions of self‐recognition distortions by investigating in which random variations of their portraits individuals recognise themselves. In Study 2, relying on a mouse tracking paradigm, we additionally measure the degree of distortion, and the conflict individuals experience during the self‐recognition task. Results of both studies mainly demonstrate self‐recognition distortions towards agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness and neuroticism. Moreover, results from Study 2 reveal that self‐recognition is anchored in reality. Findings of two studies applying different methods convergently show systematic biases in self‐recognition regarding the Big Five dimensions, both enriching understanding of the self‐enhancement processes and demonstrating that the methods applied might be useful for future research focusing on self‐recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although studies have shown that work-related information communication technology (WICT) use after hours may result in adverse effects within workdays, little is known about whether and how it affects employees’ next-day work behaviours. Based on ego depletion theory, we examined the effect of WICT use after hours on next-day work procrastination behaviour and investigated its underlying mechanism and boundary conditions. To examine the hypotheses, we conducted a daily survey of 105 Master of Public Administration (MPA) enrolees over 10 workdays. The results showed that WICT use after hours increased next-day work procrastination behaviour through next-morning self-control depletion. Moreover, conscientiousness moderated the relationship between morning self-control depletion and work procrastination behaviour, such that morning self-control depletion was positively associated with work procrastination behaviour only for employees with low levels of conscientiousness. Theoretical contributions and managerial implications are further discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: As the COVID-19 pandemic raged, controversies about governmental responses to the epidemic also emerged in China. Previous studies mainly described the phenomenon of individual differences on support for governmental responses to COVID-19 with less attention to the underlying causal mechanisms. Thus, this study tries to verify the factors influencing public support for official behaviors in COVID-19. Method: A questionnaire survey was drew on in Wuhan city during the COVID-19 outbreak. The quota sampling method was adopted according to the gender and age structure of the population in Wuhan as well as the educational structure of the urban population in China. Results: Through structural equation analysis, this study confirms that personal factors (namely conscientiousness and nationalistic ideology), behavioral factors (namely media diversity and echo chamber acts) exert significantly positive impacts on support for governmental responses. The echo chamber acts play important mediating roles in the relationship between each independent variable and support for governmental responses. Discussion: The originality of this study is that it constructs a comprehensive model of influencing factors of support for governmental responses with the personal, behavioral, and environmental factors. While contributing insight to political attitude in China, the research results also have significance for promoting public trust and constructing healthy public opinion in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Method Results Conclusions Distress tolerance (DT)—willingness to face internal discomforts—has a fuzzy boundary with neuroticism (low emotional stability), raising questions about its independent role in models of personality and mental health.We investigated DT's overlap with neuroticism and other Big Five factors in a structural model of personality and personality disorder features in samples of university students (N = 1025), emotional disorder patients (N = 225), and substance‐use patients (N = 210).In exploratory factor analyses, we found that DT indicators clustered with neuroticism and were essentially unrelated to other Big Five domains. Big Five personality dimensions collectively explained approximately 40%–70% of variation in DT, across different samples and methods of quantifying shared variance.We conclude that DT and neuroticism are near neighbors in empirical space and speculate that much of the observed correlation between DT and mental health outcomes in the literature may be carried by shared neuroticism variance. We suggest that clearer distinctions between the two constructs in empirical research could improve our understanding of DT's unique role in the development and treatment of psychopathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A volitional help sheet (VHS) is an intervention for promoting implementation intentions. This study was the first to test the effectiveness of a VHS for increasing university students' lecture attendance. Aims: To develop a VHS to increase university students' lecture attendance and test its effectiveness at increasing the proportion of lectures attended, and promoting the maintenance of lecture attendance, over an 11‐week teaching semester. Sample and Method: One hundred and seventy‐eight undergraduate students enrolled in a psychology degree programme were allocated at random to a VHS or active control condition. Prior to intervention, measures of goal intention to attend lectures and trait conscientiousness were collected using self‐report, online questionnaires. Over the following 11‐week teaching semester, attendance at synchronous (live) online lectures was measured. Results: The VHS condition attended a greater proportion of lectures and maintained their lecture attendance for longer than did the active control condition. These effects were not sensitive to underlying goal intentions, although the sample means on the measures of goal intention were approaching ceiling. Trait conscientiousness increased the effects of the VHS on the proportion of lectures attended. Conclusions: VHSs constitute useful interventions for increasing and maintaining university students' lecture attendance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of media multitasking has raised concerns regarding its potential impact on cognitive abilities. Despite increasing attention given to this topic, there remains no consensus on how media multitasking is related to cognitive performance. This study aims to shed light on this issue by examining whether and how personality traits and family socioeconomic status (SES) moderate the relationship between media multitasking and reasoning performance. To this end, a large sample of university students (n = 777) completed a battery of measures, including the Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices, the Media Multitasking Inventory, the Big Five Inventory, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, the Grit Scale, and the Family SES Questionnaire. Results revealed a negative correlation between media multitasking and reasoning performance. However, this relationship was substantially moderated by conscientiousness, extraversion, openness, and family SES. Specifically, media multitasking was more detrimental to reasoning performance among individuals with lower levels of conscientiousness, extraversion, openness, and family SES, whereas it was less detrimental to counterparts with higher levels of these personality traits and family SES. The proposed moderation model, for the first time, not only offers novel insights into the theoretical accounts regarding how media multitasking relates to cognitive abilities, but also identifies the protective factors that may buffer the negative impacts of media multitasking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

360-degree evaluations are used as an assessment in order to identify strengths and weaknesses of, or as a continuous evaluation for, residents. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality and ratings on 360-degree evaluations among surgical residency applicants. A secondary aim was to describe the personality profile of applicants for a surgical residency position. Doctors interviewed for a residency or locum position in general, urology, or pediatric surgery were included. Participants rated their personality on the Neutralized Big Five Inventory. A 360-degree assessment was conducted. Scores from two laparoscopic simulators were used as a measure of technical ability. Univariate analyses were used to assess the results. Student's t-test was used to compare personality and Pearson correlations between 360-degree assessment and personality. Fifty doctors participated: data were complete for 38. Personality profiles showed higher emotional stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness ratings than the norm. Correlations revealed a significant relationship between extraversion and higher scores on the 360-degree assessments. Significant univariate correlations were found between extraversion and the 360-degree assessments, and two of the correlations held up after adjustment for multiple tests. No correlations with performance when using laparoscopic simulators were found. Applicants for surgical residency rated significantly higher than the norm in four personality domains. Extraversion correlated with overall higher scores in 360-degree assessments by coworkers. Higher scores were not related to objective measures of technical skill, highlighting the importance of using objective measures for assessment. • 360° evaluations are used to assess strengths and weaknesses of surgical residents. • We assessed personality and ratings on 360° evaluations of 37 surgical residents. • Emotional stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness scored highly. • There was a significant relationship between extraversion and higher 360° scores. • Higher scores were unrelated to objective measures of technical skill. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The psychological profile of the moral person might depend on whose perspective is being used. Here, we decompose moral impressions into three components: (a) Shared Moral Character (shared variance across self‐ and informant reports), (b) Moral Identity (how a person uniquely views their morality), and (c) Moral Reputation (how others uniquely view that person's morality). Method: In two samples (total N = 458), we used an extended version of the Trait‐Reputation‐Identity model to examine the extent to which each perspective accounts for the overall variance in moral impressions and the degree to which social and personal outcomes were associated with each perspective, controlling for method variance (i.e., positivity and acquiescence bias). Results: Results suggest that moral character impressions are strongly influenced by positivity and largely idiosyncratic. All components were related to higher levels of agreeableness. For the most part, however, the three components had unique correlates: people higher in Shared Moral Character tended to have higher standings on conscientiousness and honesty‐humility, were more respected, and donated more during an in‐lab game; people higher in Moral Identity endorsed various moral foundations to a greater extent; and people higher in Moral Reputation valued the loyalty foundation less. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the value of considering multiple perspectives when measuring moral character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Examine the group‐specific connections between personality, ideology, and the moral emotions of empathy and schadenfreude. Background: Empathy and schadenfreude are emotions that often lead to moral prosocial or spiteful harmful behaviors respectively. An outstanding question is what motivates feelings of empathy and schadenfreude towards people from different groups. Here we examine two prominent motivators of emotions: personality traits and ideology. Previous work has found that people's ideological orientations towards respecting traditionalism (RWA) and preferences about group‐based hierarchy (SDO) can impact intergroup emotions. Further, personality traits of low agreeableness, low openness, and high conscientiousness uniquely engender SDO and RWA. Method: In the research presented here (Study 1 n = 492; Study 2 n = 786), we examine the relationships between personality traits, ideology, and emotions for groups that are perceived to be dangerous and competitive. We hypothesize that SDO and RWA will relate to reduced empathy and increased schadenfreude but towards unique groups. SDO will relate to reduced empathy and increased schadenfreude towards competitive, low‐status groups while RWA will relate to reduced empathy and increased schadenfreude towards threatening groups. We further extend past work by investigating left‐wing authoritarianism as well. Results: We find broad support for our expectation that the relationships between personality and emotions, as well as ideology and emotions, depend on the specific group in question. Conclusions: These results help expand the dual process motivational model of prejudice and suggest the importance of specifying a target group when assessing relationships between personality, ideology, and emotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Climate change is a serious threat. Personality psychologists can help address this threat by understanding what kind of people tend to endorse proenvironmental attitudes and engage in sustainable behavior. Previous research supports reliable associations between proenvironmental attitudes and personality traits. However, this research has generally aggregated different kinds of attitudes into a single composite and has focused on the domain level of personality traits. Method: This study explored how 10 lower‐order aspects of the Big Five personality traits were related to eight different proenvironmental attitudes in three convenience samples from the United States (N = 1234; 1000) and the United Kingdom (N = 538). Results: All five trait domains were related to at least one proenvironmental attitude across all three samples. Seven of eight proenvironmental attitudes could be predicted by one or more traits in all three samples. We also found evidence that the Openness aspect of Openness to Experience was a more consistent predictor of proenvironmental attitudes than the Intellect aspect. In contrast, there was little benefit in distinguishing between the aspects of other trait domains. We did not find evidence that age or political orientation moderated the associations between proenvironmental attitudes and personality. Conclusion: Results point to the need for more fine‐grained research on individual differences in proenvironmental attitudes and behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Personality traits are broadly related to medical conditions, but there is limited research on the association with the risk of arthritis. This multicohort study examines the concurrent and prospective associations between personality traits and arthritis risk. Methods Participants (N  > 45,000) were mostly middle-aged and older adults from 6 established longitudinal cohorts. Baseline assessments of personality traits, covariates (age, sex, education, race, ethnicity, depressive symptoms, body mass index, and smoking), and arthritis diagnosis were obtained in each sample. Arthritis incidence was assessed over 8–20 years of follow-up. Results The meta-analyses identified an association between higher neuroticism and an increased risk of concurrent (odds ratio = 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16–1.24; p  < .001, I 2 = 40.27) and incident (hazard ratio = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.08–1.14; p  < .001, I 2 = 0) arthritis and between higher conscientiousness and a decreased risk of concurrent (odds ratio = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.86-0.90; p  < .001, I 2 = 0) and incident (hazard ratio = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.92–0.98; p  = .002, I 2 = 41.27) arthritis. Higher extraversion was linked to lower risk of concurrent (odds ratio = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.88–0.96; p  < .001, I 2 = 76.09) and incident (hazard ratio = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.95–0.99; p  = .018, I 2 = 0) arthritis, and openness was related to lower risk of concurrent arthritis (odds ratio = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93–0.99; p  = .006, I 2 = 35.86). Agreeableness was unrelated to arthritis. These associations were partially accounted for by depressive symptoms, body mass index, and smoking. There was no consistent evidence of moderation by age or sex. Discussion Findings from 6 samples point to low neuroticism and higher conscientiousness as factors that reduce the risk of arthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How can Shakespearean action become Shakespearean activism? How may we, as teachers, scholars and artists, bring Shakespeare's characters, language and plots to serve our commitments to social justice? Is it even possible to (re)claim Shakespeare's plays and poetry from their historical use as tools of oppression disguised as universal truths and facilitate their present and future use as tools of witnessing and advocacy? This essay joins efforts to answer these questions by attending to podcasts of Shakespeare performance. Focusing on podcasts as a sonic medium and distributed technology, it argues that Shakespeare performance podcasts can contribute to the creation of (what Sara Ahmed calls) wilful subjects who protest against systemic dispossession and for societal repair. Podcasts' unique characteristics – principally auditory, asynchronous and mobile – advance rather than interrupt podcasts' capacity to create conscientiousness and community. These same characteristics also bear similarities to early modern sound theory and processional practice that render podcasts strikingly suitable for mobilising Shakespeare to the aims of social justice. Turning to The Public Theater's 2020 audio production of Richard II, this essay proposes that podcasts make possible the construction of judicious audiences whose circumspection moves from individual, private listening to collective, public advocacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What has been followed in this research is to investigate the impact of employees' personalities on the dimensions of "organizational communication, employee vitality, job attractiveness and human resources development" in the pattern of job attachment in Iran's Ports and Maritime Organization. The research method in this research is a mixed-exploratory research method. In this research, first, the theme analysis method and then in the quantitative part, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations were used. Finally, a theoretical model was used. Research is presented. In the method of thematic analysis, 15 interviews were conducted with the experts of the Iranian Ports and Maritime Organization, and according to the coding of the interviews and the determination of the primary and secondary codes, the attachment model of the employees was extracted and then by factor analysis and with the help of software PLS22 was validated and finalized. In the quantitative part, the use of questionnaires, and questionnaires were collected and analyzed with the statistical population of 450 employees of that organization, including experts and organizational managers and a sample number of 205. As a result, this model was presented with 14 dimensions and 43 components. The dimensions of the model were: the roles of managers, meritocracy, job attractiveness, strategies, respect for employees, development of human resources, structure and organization, organizational communication, positive organizational image, learning organization, participation system, organizational knowledge of people, compensation system Service and vitality of employees. According to the output of the Max QDI software, among these dimensions, meritocracy and human resources development by 100% and organizational knowledge of people by 18.2% occupy the highest and lowest percentages of the coding space of the interviews, respectively. And based on the output of Smart PLS software, the participation system has the highest factor load (0.807) and the learning organization has the lowest factor load (0.463). Based on factor analysis, five personality factors affect the dimensions of organizational communication, human resource development, vitality and job attractiveness in the employee attachment model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proactivity—the tendency to create change in the work environment—typically improves team performance. This relationship is far from perfect, however. We explore inconsistencies in team proactivity literature to answer an important question: When is member proactivity beneficial or dysfunctional for teams? First, we consider the composition of member proactivity at the team level and whether a simple "more is better" heuristic neglects a more complex relationship linking member proactivity to team coordination and performance. Second, we explore whether proactivity is better when aligned with another individual difference focused on the propensity to plan and coordinate with others (i.e., conscientiousness). In two studies, we compare traditional additive and configurational compositional approaches to these two attributes with a new attribute alignment approach, allowing us to examine the co-occurrence of proactivity and conscientiousness within some team members relative to others. First, we find that team member proactivity–conscientiousness (P–C) alignment predicts the performance of MBA consulting teams better than the other team composition models we consider. Then, we replicate this finding in a laboratory simulation, finding that it occurs because P–C alignment improves team coordination. Our results demonstrate that member proactivity is most effective for teams when aligned with conscientiousness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Well-established correlates of morningness-eveningness include those of morningness with more future Time Perspective (TP), and eveningness with more present TP. However, research into these relationships has used unidimensional measures of morningness-eveningness. So, the current study aimed to further understanding by assessing associations between TP and the separate components of Morning Affect (MA: alertness/sleep inertia after awakening) and Distinctness (DI; amplitude of diurnal variations of functioning), in addition to Eveningness (EV; time-of-day preference). Chinese university students (N = 299, aged 18–25, 94 males, 205 females) completed an online survey with questionnaire measures of TP, MA, DI, EV, and other measures including mind wandering, conscientiousness, life satisfaction, positive and negative affect, and sleep quality. Previously demonstrated correlations were replicated, including positive correlations between Future TP, conscientiousness, and life satisfaction, and Past-negative TP and more negative affect. MA positively correlated with Future TP, and negatively correlated with Past-negative TP and Deviation from Balanced Time Perspective (DBTP); DI positively correlated with Past-negative TP, and with DBTP, and negatively correlated with Future TP; EV positively correlated with Present-hedonistic TP, and negatively correlated with Future TP. The EV-Future TP association was mediated by MA. Path models were consistent with the view that the relationship between EV and less Future TP may involve impaired functioning and reduced self-control/self-regulation associated with experiencing lower Morning Affect. This research shows relationships between time perspectives and specific components of circadian functioning, indicating the value of component-level analysis and the limitations of research utilising unidimensional measures of morningness-eveningness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The study examines the interplay between gratitude and career success, with career resilience as the mediating mechanism and personality traits, i.e., conscientiousness and extraversion, as moderating factors. The overarching goal is to enhance our understanding of the complex dynamics that influence career outcomes of college students in China. Methods: Data are gathered through a survey-based technique, capturing responses from a diverse sample of participants. The analysis employs Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to explore the relationships among gratitude, career resilience, personality traits, and career success. Results: The results reveal that gratitude impacts students’ career success through the mediating mechanism of career resilience. In addition, conscientiousness and extraversion are found to positively intervene the direct effect between gratitude and career resilience and the indirect effect between gratitude and career success through career resilience. Discussion: The findings offer valuable insights for individuals, organizations, and career development practitioners, emphasizing the importance of cultivating gratitude and recognizing the differential impact of personality traits on this process. As organizations seek to foster resilient and successful career paths, acknowledging these nuanced dynamics can inform targeted interventions and strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]