Author: "Conservation International" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Conservation International"' showing total 556 results

Start Over Author "Conservation International"

556 results on '"Conservation International"'

1. Action plan for botanic gardens in the European Union

Author: Cheney, Judith, Navarrete Navarro, Joaquín, Wyse Jackson, Peter, Bgci/iabg European Botanic Gardens Consortium, Botanic Gardens Conservation International ( Bgci ), Meise Botanic Garden, Cheney, Judith, Navarrete Navarro, Joaquín, Wyse Jackson, Peter, Bgci/iabg European Botanic Gardens Consortium, and Botanic Gardens Conservation International ( Bgci )
Subjects: Biodiversity, Botanical gardens, Europe, institutes, programmes
Published: 2000

2. Bats, masters of the night skies.

Author: Bat Conservation International, Inc, United States. Bureau of Land Management, United States. Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library, Bat Conservation International, Inc, United States. Bureau of Land Management, and United States. Forest Service
Subjects: Bats, Biological pest control agents, Endangered species, United States
Published: 1995

3. Discover Bats! with Merlin Tuttle and Bat Conservation International. The Multimedia Education Kit about Bats.

Author: Bat Conservation International, Austin, TX., Tuttle, Merlin D., and Tyburec, Janet
Abstract: This multimedia package contains a book and a videotape on bats. The videotape uses video sequences of bats in action which are designed to support 21 lessons, each designed to teach essential elements of classroom curricula to students ages 9-15. The video is divided into four 12-minute segments that include footage of bats, direct relevance to class curricula, role models, and a bat house demonstration. Each of the lessons in the book contains a step-by-step teacher's guide, student worksheets, student reading selections with vocabulary and illustrations, an answer key, recommended Internet tie-ins, and a bibliography for further research. (DDR)
Published: 1998

4. An international review of the ex situ plant collections of the botanic gardens of the world - : reviewing the plant genetic resource collections of botanic gardens worldwide, as a contribution to decision V/26 on Access to Genetic Resources of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity - Part 1: overview and analysis

Author: Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI), Jackson, Peter Wyse, Bridge, Barbara, Dennis, Fiona, Leadlay, Etelka, Hobson, Chris, Holland, Fiona, Pendry, Traude, Skilton, Jill, Sutherland, Lucy, Willison, Julia, and Jackson, Diane Wyse
Published: 2001

5. Defining the stock structures of key commercial tunas in the Pacific Ocean II: Sampling considerations and future directions

Author: World Bank Group, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Conservation International, Moore, Bradley R., Adams, Tim, Allain, Valerie, Bell, Johann D., Bigler, Mark, Bromhead, Don, Clark, Sangaa, Davies, Campbell, Evans, Karen, Faasili, Ueta jr., Farley, Jessica, Fitchett, Mark, Grewe, Peter M., Hampton, John, Hyde, John, Leroy, Bruno, Lewis, Antony, Lorrain, Anne, Macdonald, Jed I., Marie, Amandine D., Minte-Vera, Carolina V., Natasha, Janice, Nicol, Simon J., Obregón, Pablo, Peatman, Thomas, Pecoraro, Carlo, Phillip, N. Bardley jr., Pilling, Graham M., Rico, Ciro, Sánchez, Caroline, Scott, Robert, Phillips, Joe Scutt, Stockwell, Brian L., Tremblay-Boyer, Laura, Usu, Thomas, Williams, Ahsley J., Smith, Neville, World Bank Group, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Conservation International, Moore, Bradley R., Adams, Tim, Allain, Valerie, Bell, Johann D., Bigler, Mark, Bromhead, Don, Clark, Sangaa, Davies, Campbell, Evans, Karen, Faasili, Ueta jr., Farley, Jessica, Fitchett, Mark, Grewe, Peter M., Hampton, John, Hyde, John, Leroy, Bruno, Lewis, Antony, Lorrain, Anne, Macdonald, Jed I., Marie, Amandine D., Minte-Vera, Carolina V., Natasha, Janice, Nicol, Simon J., Obregón, Pablo, Peatman, Thomas, Pecoraro, Carlo, Phillip, N. Bardley jr., Pilling, Graham M., Rico, Ciro, Sánchez, Caroline, Scott, Robert, Phillips, Joe Scutt, Stockwell, Brian L., Tremblay-Boyer, Laura, Usu, Thomas, Williams, Ahsley J., and Smith, Neville
Abstract: Delineating the stock structure of highly-mobile, wide-ranging fishes subject to exploitation is a challenging task, yet one that is fundamental to optimal fisheries management. A case in point are stocks of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) and albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) in the Pacific Ocean, which support important commercial, artisanal, subsistence, and recreational fisheries, and contribute roughly 70 % of global commercial tuna catches. Although some spatial and temporal structuring is recognised within these stocks, growing evidence from a range of approaches suggests that the stock structure of each tuna species is more complex than is currently assumed in both stock assessment and climate change models, and in management regimes. In a move towards improving understanding of the stock structure of skipjack, yellowfin, bigeye and South Pacific albacore tunas in the Pacific Ocean, an international workshop was held in Nouméa, New Caledonia, in October 2018 to review knowledge about their movement and stock structure in the region, define and discuss the main knowledge gaps and uncertainties concerning their stock structure, and develop biological sampling approaches to support the provision of this information. Here, we synthesise the discussions of this latter component. For each tuna species, we identify several general sampling considerations needed to reduce uncertainty, including i) the need for broadscale sampling in space, ideally covering each species’ distribution, targeting adults in spawning condition and adopting a phased approach; ii) the need for temporally-repeated sampling of the same geographical areas to assess stability in observed patterns over time; iii) the need to resolve patterns in spatial dynamics, such as those resulting from movements associated with the seasonal extensions of poleward flowing currents, from underlying stock structure, iv) the importance of adop
Published: 2020

6. Action plan for botanic gardens in the European Union

Author: Cheney, Judith, Navarrete Navarro, Joaquín, Wyse Jackson, Peter, Bgci/iabg European Botanic Gardens Consortium, Botanic Gardens Conservation International ( Bgci ), Meise Botanic Garden, Cheney, Judith, Navarrete Navarro, Joaquín, Wyse Jackson, Peter, Bgci/iabg European Botanic Gardens Consortium, and Botanic Gardens Conservation International ( Bgci )
Subjects: Biodiversity, Botanical gardens, Europe, institutes, programmes

7. Towards a Platform of Good Practices, Managing the Museum. Reserves for Long-term Preservation. Débat de conclusions et présidence de session

Author: UCL - SSH/INCA - Institut des civilisations, arts et lettres, Verslype, Laurent, The preservation of archaeological metals : from first aid to long-term conservation. International conferernce, UCL - SSH/INCA - Institut des civilisations, arts et lettres, Verslype, Laurent, and The preservation of archaeological metals : from first aid to long-term conservation. International conferernce
Abstract: n/a
Published: 2014

8. The International Conservation Budget 2009

Author: Conservation International undefined, The Nature Conservancy undefined, and null World Wildlife Fund
Published: 2008
Full Text: View/download PDF

9. Identification of potential locations for environmental service payment in the Northern Andes

Author: Conservation International and Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management (SANREM) Knowledgebase
Subjects: Payments for environmental services, Biodiversity, Deforestation, Biodiversity conservation, Watershed management, Ecosystem
Abstract: Metadata only record The North Andean Corridor has suffered some of the highest levels of fragmentation in the Andes. As a result, Conservation International undertook a project to examine using payments for environmental services as a tool for watershed protection and biodiversity conservation. A series of reports have been produced for the project in Colombia and Venezuela are available on the project website. PES-1 (Payments for Environmental Services Associate Award)
Published: 2007

10. Cameroon timber concessions

Author: Conservation International and Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management (SANREM) Knowledgebase
Subjects: Forest ecosystems, Tropical zones, Conservation easements, Payments for environmental services, Forestry, Deforestation, Ecosystem
Abstract: Metadata only record The government of Cameroon recently set aside an area of timber concessions between the Boumba-Bek and Dja Reserves, to be occupied by profitable conservation uses. CI is investigating the potential for a conservation concession in this context. PES-1 (Payments for Environmental Services Associate Award)
Published: 2007

11. Guatemala conservation concession for the Maya Biosphere Reserve

Author: Conservation International and Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management (SANREM) Knowledgebase
Subjects: Tropical zones, Payments for environmental services, Parks, Community development, Conservation concessions, Biodiversity conservation, Ecosystem, Tourism
Abstract: Metadata only record The national government of Guatemala has issued timber concessions to local communities within its 2 million hectare Maya Biosphere Reserve. Working under this framework, CI is proposing a conservation concession contract with two communities. The concessions would be designed to pay salaries for conservation managers, to invest in projects such as guiding tourists to nearby archaeological sites and to provide community services such as education and health care, in exchange for not logging. The conservation concessions would extend the protection offered by nearby national parks and help to preserve approximately 75,000 hectares containing pristine forests and impressive Mayan ruins. PES-1 (Payments for Environmental Services Associate Award)
Published: 2007

12. Cambodia's Central Cardamom Mountain conservation concession

Author: Conservation International and Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management (SANREM) Knowledgebase
Subjects: Forest ecosystems, Tropical zones, Payments for environmental services, Wildlife, Biodiversity conservation, Ecosystem
Abstract: Metadata only record Conservation International is considering a conservation concession with local residents around the proposed Cardamom Mountains protected area to reduce hunting of tigers and forest elephants. The contract under consideration would provide payments, employment, and support for community projects conditional on residents meeting mutually agreed upon conservation criteria. PES-1 (Payments for Environmental Services Associate Award)
Published: 2007

13. Guyana timber sales agreement

Author: Conservation International and Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management (SANREM) Knowledgebase
Subjects: Forest ecosystems, Tropical zones, Payments for environmental services, Conservation, Deforestation
Abstract: Metadata only record Conservation International has obtained a 30-yr Timber Sales agreement from the Guyana government to manage 81,000 hectares of rain forest. They are attempting to show that conservation can pay for itself, and are paying acreage fees comparable to that of active timber concessions. PES-1 (Payments for Environmental Services Associate Award)
Published: 2007

14. Lagoon ecology and social strategies: habitat diversity and ethnobiology

Author: David and Lucile Packard Foundation, Conservation International, The Pew Charitable Trusts, National Science Foundation (US), Vaccaro Ribó, Ismael [0000-0002-7551-4845], Aswani, Shankar, Vaccaro Ribó, Ismael, David and Lucile Packard Foundation, Conservation International, The Pew Charitable Trusts, National Science Foundation (US), Vaccaro Ribó, Ismael [0000-0002-7551-4845], Aswani, Shankar, and Vaccaro Ribó, Ismael
Abstract: This study describes the seascape ecology of the Roviana Lagoon in the Western Solomon Islands. Using a combination of ecological and ethnographic data, we analyze the dominant characteristics of the habitats represented in the area, the prevalent environmental phenomena, and the productive practices exerted in these habitats by the local inhabitants. The lagoon offers an ecological structure characterized by micro-patchiness and a productive system in which the members have a detailed knowledge of an extremely complex environment and a set of extractive practices that take advantage of this intimate knowledge to selectively use most of the niches provided by the ecological heterogeneity of the lagoon. The correlation of ecological structure and social use of a landscape is not just a descriptive endeavor. It is a fundamental step toward understanding human–environmental relations and developing integrative base resource maps for planning marine and terrestrial conservation in the Roviana Lagoon and elsewhere. More generally, the socioecological analysis of seascapes is of key importance for formulating ecosystem-based management plans.
Published: 2008

15. Ecological functions of neotropical amphibians and reptiles: a review

Author: Cortes, Angela María; Instituto de investigaciones en Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Laboratory of Conservation Genetics, Bogotá, Colombia. Herpetology Laboratory group, Biology Department, Universidad del Valle, Cali-Colombia, Ruiz-Agudelo, César Augusto; Socioeconomic Manager. Conservation International Colombia. Bogotá-Colombia., Valencia-Aguilar, Anyelet; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió 57051-090, Brasil, Ladle, Richard J.; School of Geography and the Environment, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK, Cortes, Angela María; Instituto de investigaciones en Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Laboratory of Conservation Genetics, Bogotá, Colombia. Herpetology Laboratory group, Biology Department, Universidad del Valle, Cali-Colombia, Ruiz-Agudelo, César Augusto; Socioeconomic Manager. Conservation International Colombia. Bogotá-Colombia., Valencia-Aguilar, Anyelet; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió 57051-090, Brasil, and Ladle, Richard J.; School of Geography and the Environment, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK

16. Ecological functions of neotropical amphibians and reptiles: a review

Author: Cortes, Angela María; Instituto de investigaciones en Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Laboratory of Conservation Genetics, Bogotá, Colombia. Herpetology Laboratory group, Biology Department, Universidad del Valle, Cali-Colombia, Ruiz-Agudelo, César Augusto; Socioeconomic Manager. Conservation International Colombia. Bogotá-Colombia., Valencia-Aguilar, Anyelet; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió 57051-090, Brasil, Ladle, Richard J.; School of Geography and the Environment, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK, Cortes, Angela María; Instituto de investigaciones en Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Laboratory of Conservation Genetics, Bogotá, Colombia. Herpetology Laboratory group, Biology Department, Universidad del Valle, Cali-Colombia, Ruiz-Agudelo, César Augusto; Socioeconomic Manager. Conservation International Colombia. Bogotá-Colombia., Valencia-Aguilar, Anyelet; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió 57051-090, Brasil, and Ladle, Richard J.; School of Geography and the Environment, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK

17. Ecological functions of neotropical amphibians and reptiles: a review

Author: Cortes, Angela María; Instituto de investigaciones en Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Laboratory of Conservation Genetics, Bogotá, Colombia. Herpetology Laboratory group, Biology Department, Universidad del Valle, Cali-Colombia, Ruiz-Agudelo, César Augusto; Socioeconomic Manager. Conservation International Colombia. Bogotá-Colombia., Valencia-Aguilar, Anyelet; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió 57051-090, Brasil, Ladle, Richard J.; School of Geography and the Environment, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK, Cortes, Angela María; Instituto de investigaciones en Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Laboratory of Conservation Genetics, Bogotá, Colombia. Herpetology Laboratory group, Biology Department, Universidad del Valle, Cali-Colombia, Ruiz-Agudelo, César Augusto; Socioeconomic Manager. Conservation International Colombia. Bogotá-Colombia., Valencia-Aguilar, Anyelet; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió 57051-090, Brasil, and Ladle, Richard J.; School of Geography and the Environment, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK

18. ¿El valor de algunos servicios ecosistémicos de los Andes colombianos?: transferencia de beneficios por meta - análisis

Author: Ruiz, Cesar Augusto; Conservation International Foundation, Bello, Laura Carolina, Ruiz, Cesar Augusto; Conservation International Foundation, and Bello, Laura Carolina

19. Fast demographic traits promote high diversification rates of Amazonian trees

Author: Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Ademir Roberto Ruschel, William F. Laurance, Jérôme Chave, Kyle G. Dexter, Hans ter Steege, Miguel Alexiades, Maria Cristina Peñuela-Mora, Iêda Leão do Amaral, J. Natalino M. Silva, Oliver L. Phillips, Adriana Prieto, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Yadvinder Malhi, Alejandro Araujo, Fredy Ramírez, Marisol Toledo, Marcelo F. Simon, Carlos A. Quesada, Rodolfo Vasquez, Susan G. Laurance, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Marcos Silveira, Agustín Rudas, R. Toby Pennington, Atila Alves de Oliveira, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Emanuel Gloor, Hirma Ramírez Angulo, Eduardo Schmidt Eler, Timothy R. Baker, Ana Andrade, Simon L. Lewis, Gerardo Aymard, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Vincent A. Vos, Isau Huamantupa, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Eric Arets, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Luzmila Arroyo, Roel J. W. Brienen, Esteban Álvarez, Damien Bonal, Euridice Honorio, Claudio Leaño, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Susana Magallón, Timothy J. Killeen, Niro Higuchi, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Ted R. Feldpausch, Leandro Valle Ferreira, Anthony Di Fiore, Wilson Roberto Spironello, Emilio Vilanova, John Terborgh, University of Leeds, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), James Cook University (JCU), University of Kent [Canterbury], Universidad del Tolima, Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Herbario Universitario PORT, Projeto TEAM-Manaus, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Geosciences [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama., Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Conservation International, Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF), University College of London [London] (UCL), University of Oxford [Oxford], Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Amazonía, Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University [Durham], Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota], EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Universidade federal rural da Amazonia, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia (CENARGEN), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Universiteit Utrecht, Universidad Autonoma del Beni, Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado [Bolivie], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Missouri Botanical Garden, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, National Environmental Research Council [NE/I028122/1, NE/F005806/1], European Commission [282664, 283080], Royal Society, National Geographic Society, Tropenbos International, European Commission, NASA Longterm Biosphere-Atmosphere Project in Amazonia (LBA), Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) [558069/2009-6], projeto INCT Processo [574008/2008-0], National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Brazil, Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring (TEAM) Network, a collaboration among Conservation International, Smithsonian Institution, Wildlife Conservation Society, French ANR [CEBA: ANR-10-LABX-0025, TULIP: ANR-10-LABX-0041], European Research Council project 'Tropical Forests in the Changing Earth System', Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, and Ecology and Biodiversity
Subjects: tropical forest, Canopy, Range (biology), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Amazonian, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Biodiversity, generation time, Biology, Models, Biological, diversity, Trees, traits, Models, evolution, Tropical climate, Alterra - Centre for Water and Climate, Forest and Landscape Ecology, patterns, Letters, species richness, Clade, climate, Vegetatie, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, forests, Tropical Climate, Diversity, Vegetation, Ecology, clades, life-history, turnover, South America, 15. Life on land, Biological, divergence times, Trait, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Species richness, Alterra - Centrum Water en Klimaat, ecological limits
Abstract: International audience; The Amazon rain forest sustains the world's highest tree diversity, but it remains unclear why some clades of trees are hyperdiverse, whereas others are not. Using dated phylogenies, estimates of current species richness and trait and demographic data from a large network of forest plots, we show that fast demographic traits - short turnover times - are associated with high diversification rates across 51 clades of canopy trees. This relationship is robust to assuming that diversification rates are either constant or decline over time, and occurs in a wide range of Neotropical tree lineages. This finding reveals the crucial role of intrinsic, ecological variation among clades for understanding the origin of the remarkable diversity of Amazonian trees and forests.
Published: 2014
Full Text: View/download PDF

20. Sustainable Biofuel Crops Project, Final Report

Author: Grantham, Hedley [Conservation International, Arlington, VA (United States). Moore Center for Science and Oceans. Integrated Assessment and Planning]
Published: 2014
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. Population genetics as a tool to elucidate pathogen reservoirs: Lessons from Pseudogymnoascus destructans , the causative agent of White‐Nose disease in bats

Author: Nicola M. Fischer, Surendra Ranpal, Gerald Kerth, Serena E. Dool, Sébastien J. Puechmaille, Andrea Altewischer, Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, Zoological Institute and Museum, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), and This work was supported by Bat Conservation International (awarded to SJP), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (PU 527/2d-1, awarded to SJP), and the Institut Universitaire de France (awarded to SJP). Open access funding enabled and organized by ProjektDEAL.
Subjects: wildlife pathogen, Disease reservoir, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Population genetics, Zoology, Fungus, Biology, Hibernaculum, Ascomycota, Pseudogymnoascus destructans, Chiroptera, Hibernation, Nose Diseases, Genotype, Genetics, Animals, Humans, fungal pathogen, education, Pathogen, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, education.field_of_study, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Host (biology), White-Nose syndrome, emerging infectious disease, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Genetics, Population, Mycoses, Emerging infectious disease, Species richness, disease reservoir
Abstract: Emerging infectious diseases pose a major threat to human, animal, and plant health. The risk of species-extinctions increases when pathogens can survive in the absence of the host, for example in environmental reservoirs. However, identifying such reservoirs and modes of infection is often highly challenging. In this study, we investigated the presence and nature of an environmental reservoir for the ascomycete fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans, the causative agent of white-nose disease. We also characterised the modes and timing of transmission of the pathogen; key elements to better understand the disease dynamics. Using 18 microsatellite markers, we determined the genotypic and genic (based on allele frequencies) differentiation between 1,497 P. destructans isolates collected from nine closely situated hibernacula in North-Eastern Germany. One hibernaculum was the focus of intensive sampling in which both the bats and walls of the site were sampled at regular intervals over five consecutive winter seasons (1,062 isolates). We found significant genic differentiation between sites and few multi-locus genotypes shared across hibernacula (genotypic differentiation). This demonstrates that each hibernaculum has an essentially unique population of the fungus. This would be expected if bats purge viable P. destructans over the summer, preventing the mixing and exchange of the pathogen in maternity colonies, where bats from all of the studied hibernacula meet. Results from the intensively sampled site show higher measures of genotypic richness on walls compared to bats, the absence of genic differentiation between bats and walls, and stable relative abundance of multi-locus genotypes over multiple winter seasons. This clearly implicates hibernacula walls as the main environmental reservoir of the pathogen, from which bats become re-infected annually.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

22. Do bats need trees? Habitat use of two Malagasy hipposiderid bats Triaenops furculus and T. menamena in the dry Southwest

Author: Bambini, Laura, Kofoky, Amyot, Mbohoahy, Tsibara, Ralisata, Mahefatiana, Manjoazy, Theodore, Hosken, David J, Jenkins, Richard K B, Bat Conservation International, Conservation International, The Darwin Initiative, The Rufford Foundation, and University of Exeter
Subjects: habitat use, prey selection, hipposiderid bats, radiotracking, Madagascar
Abstract: Habitat degradation and loss threaten the survival of many bat species. Recent studies in Madagascar however have found some species are present in areas of low forest cover even though their echolocation calls and wing morphology suggest they are able to forage in forests. The present study investigated habitat use and prey selection in two sympatric hipposiderid bats, Triaenops furculus and T. menamena, in the dry southwest of Madagascar. The study colony occupied a cave in limestone karst surrounded by intact spiny bush and several secondary or degraded habitats. We used bat detectors and radiotracking to determine habitat use, and faecal analysis and invertebrate sampling to assess prey selection. Spiny bush, the dominant habitat type in the study area, was used less than predicted from its availability, based on satellite imagery and ground-based habitat mapping. Areas containing large trees were used by radiotracked bats in approximate proportion to their availability and acoustic sampling revealed highest bat activity in this habitat. The radio-tracked individuals used agricultural land more than expected from its availability. A significant difference was found in the proportion of Lepidoptera in the faeces of the two species, with T. furculus showing a preference for moths. Triaenops furculus also selected Coleoptera, whereas T. menamena preferred mainly Hemiptera. While this study did not identify a strong association with forested habitats in T. furculus or T. menamena, it remains to be established whether the bats forage in a sub-optimal habitat due to their preference for roosting in the nearby karst caves.
Published: 2010

23. Ecosystem-Based Practices for Smallholders’ Adaptation to Climate Extremes : Evidence of Benefits and Knowledge Gaps in Latin America

Author: Raffaele Vignola, M. Jimena Esquivel, Celia Harvey, Bruno Rapidel, Pavel Bautista-Solis, Francisco Alpizar, Camila Donatti, Jacques Avelino, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Water Systems and Global Change Group, University of Vermont [Burlington], Animal Production Systems Group, Institute of Environmental Sciences [Leiden] (CML), Universiteit Leiden, Monteverde Institute (MVI), Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés (UMR ABSys), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Environmental Economics and Natural Resource Group, Conservation International, Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), International Climate Initiative ICI of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation Building and Nuclear Safety BMUB, as part of the CASCADE project 'Ecosystem-based Adaptation for Smallholder Subsistence and Coffee Farming Communities in Central America'., and German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety BMUB supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag
Subjects: agroecology, Dierlijke Productiesystemen, coffee, vulnerability, agricultural practices, maize, Animal Production Systems, agroforestry, water and soil conservation, Environmental Economics and Natural Resources, climate change, [SDV.SA.STA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture, beans, Water Systems and Global Change, farming systems, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Agronomy and Crop Science, Milieueconomie en Natuurlijke Hulpbronnen
Abstract: International audience; Agricultural practices of smallholder farming systems of Latin America can play an important role in reducing their exposure to the risks associated with climate extremes. To date, however, there is no systematic analysis of scientific evidence for the extent to which these practices can provide the multiple benefits needed for smallholders to adapt to climate extremes. In this paper, we searched scientific databases to review scientific evidence of the benefit provided by twenty-six practices in crops commonly farmed by smallholders in the region and highly relevant for their food and nutrition security; namely, coffee, maize and beans. We reviewed scientific documents (n = 304) published in the period 1953-2021 to register evidence of the practices' effects on fifty-five benefits. Our analysis of these documents found measurement records (n = 924) largely based on field experiments (85%). Our results show strong evidence of the multiple benefits that some ecosystem-based practices (e.g., tree-based practices for coffee and no tillage for maize) can provide to support the adaptation to climate extremes of smallholder farming systems and enhance a farm's natural assets (e.g., biodiversity, water, soil). We also found that the majority of research on practices in the region focused more on the socioeconomic dimension (54%) rather than on the capacity of practices to improve the natural assets of a smallholder farmers or reduce the impact of climate extremes. Given these knowledge gaps, we discuss the importance of a renovated investment in research to address existing knowledge gaps. Our concluding suggestions for future research include the need for systematizing existing knowledge from different sources (e.g., peer-reviewed, gray literature, farmers, extension agencies, etc.), and to assess the extent to which these practices can provide multiple benefits for smallholder farming systems by improving their wellbeing, reducing their vulnerability to different hydroclimatic extremes while also contributing to ecosystem services provision at the landscape level.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

24. Taking the pulse of Earth's tropical forests using networks of highly distributed plots

Author: Forest, Plots net, Blundo, Cecilia, Carilla, Julieta, Grau, Ricardo, Malizia, Agustina, Malizia, Lucio, Osinaga-Acosta, Oriana, Bird, Michael, Bradford, Matt, Catchpole, Damien, Ford, Andrew, Graham, Andrew, Hilbert, David, Kemp, Jeanette, Laurance, Susan, Laurance, William, Ishida, Francoise Yoko, Marshall, Andrew, Waite, Catherine, Woell, Hannsjoerg, Bastin, Jean Francois, Bauters, Marijn, Beeckman, Hans, Boeckx, Pfascal, Bogaert, Jan, De Canniere, Charles, de Haulleville, Thales, Doucet, Jean Louis, Hardy, Olivier, Hubau, Wannes, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Verbeeck, Hans, Vleminckx, Jason, Brewer, Steven W., Alarcón, Alfredo, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arets, Eric, Arroyo, Luzmila, Chavez, Ezequiel, Fredericksen, Todd, Villaroel, René Guillén, Sibauty, Gloria Gutierrez, Killeen, Timothy, Licona, Juan Carlos, Lleigue, John, Mendoza, Casimiro, Murakami, Samaria, Gutierrez, Alexander Parada, Pardo, Guido, Peña-Claros, Marielos, Poorter, Lourens, Toledo, Marisol, Cayo, Jeanneth Villalobos, Viscarra, Laura Jessica, Vos, Vincent, Ahumada, Jorge, Almeida, Everton, Almeida, Jarcilene, de Oliveira, Edmar Almeida, da Cruz, Wesley Alves, de Oliveira, Atila Alves, Carvalho, Fabrício Alvim, Obermuller, Flávio Amorim, Andrade, Ana, Carvalho, Fernanda Antunes, Vieira, Simone Aparecida, Aquino, Ana Carla, Aragão, Luiz, Araújo, Ana Claudia, Assis, Marco Antonio, Gomes, Jose Ataliba Mantelli Aboin, Baccaro, Fabrício, de Camargo, Plínio Barbosa, Barni, Paulo, Barroso, Jorcely, Bernacci, Luis Carlos, Bordin, Kauane, de Medeiros, Marcelo Brilhante, Broggio, Igor, Camargo, José Luís, Cardoso, Domingos, Carniello, Maria Antonia, Rochelle, Andre Luis Casarin, Castilho, Carolina, Castro, Antonio Alberto Jorge Farias, Castro, Wendeson, Ribeiro, Sabina Cerruto, Costa, Flávia, de Oliveira, Rodrigo Costa, Coutinho, Italo, Cunha, John, da Costa, Lola, da Costa Ferreira, Lucia, da Costa Silva, Richarlly, da Graça Zacarias Simbine, Marta, de Andrade Kamimura, Vitor, de Lima, Haroldo Cavalcante, de Oliveira Melo, Lia, de Queiroz, Luciano, de Sousa Lima, José Romualdo, do Espírito Santo, Mário, Domingues, Tomas, dos Santos Prestes, Nayane Cristina, Carneiro, Steffan Eduardo Silva, Elias, Fernando, Eliseu, Gabriel, Emilio, Thaise, Farrapo, Camila Laís, Fernandes, Letícia, Ferreira, Gustavo, Ferreira, Joice, Ferreira, Leandro, Ferreira, Socorro, Simon, Marcelo Fragomeni, Freitas, Maria Aparecida, García, Queila S., Manzatto, Angelo Gilberto, Graça, Paulo, Guilherme, Frederico, Hase, Eduardo, Higuchi, Niro, Iguatemy, Mariana, Barbosa, Reinaldo Imbrozio, Jaramillo, Margarita, Joly, Carlos, Klipel, Joice, do Amaral, Iêda Leão, Levis, Carolina, Lima, Antonio S., Dan, Maurício Lima, Lopes, Aline, Madeiros, Herison, Magnusson, William E., dos Santos, Rubens Manoel, Marimon, Beatriz, Junior, Ben Hur Marimon, Grillo, Roberta Marotti Martelletti, Martinelli, Luiz, Reis, Simone Matias, Medeiros, Salomão, Meira-Junior, Milton, Metzker, Thiago, Morandi, Paulo, do Nascimento, Natanael Moreira, Moura, Magna, Müller, Sandra Cristina, Nagy, Laszlo, Nascimento, Henrique, Nascimento, Marcelo, Lima, Adriano Nogueira, de Araújo, Raimunda Oliveira, Silva, Jhonathan Oliveira, Pansonato, Marcelo, Sabino, Gabriel Pavan, de Abreu, Karla Maria Pedra, Rodrigues, Pablo José Francisco Pena, Piedade, Maria, Rodrigues, Domingos, Rodrigues Pinto, José Roberto, Quesada, Carlos, Ramos, Eliana, Ramos, Rafael, Rodrigues, Priscyla, de Sousa, Thaiane Rodrigues, Salomão, Rafael, Santana, Flávia, Scaranello, Marcos, Bergamin, Rodrigo Scarton, Schietti, Juliana, Schöngart, Jochen, Schwartz, Gustavo, Silva, Natalino, Silveira, Marcos, Seixas, Cristiana Simão, Simbine, Marta, Souza, Ana Claudia, Souza, Priscila, Souza, Rodolfo, Sposito, Tereza, Junior, Edson Stefani, do Vale, Julio Daniel, Vieira, Ima Célia Guimarães, Villela, Dora, Vital, Marcos, Xaud, Haron, Zanini, Katia, Zartman, Charles Eugene, Ideris, Nur Khalish Hafizhah, Metali, Faizah binti Hj, Salim, Kamariah Abu, Saparudin, Muhd Shahruney, Serudin, Rafizah Mat, Sukri, Rahayu Sukmaria, Begne, Serge, Chuyong, George, Djuikouo, Marie Noel, Gonmadje, Christelle, Simo-Droissart, Murielle, Sonké, Bonaventure, Taedoumg, Hermann, Zemagho, Lise, Thomas, Sean, Baya, Fidèle, Saiz, Gustavo, Espejo, Javier Silva, Chen, Dexiang, Hamilton, Alan, Li, Yide, Luo, Tushou, Niu, Shukui, Xu, Han, Zhou, Zhang, Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Escobar, Juan Carlos Andrés, Arellano-Peña, Henry, Duarte, Jaime Cabezas, Calderón, Jhon, Bravo, Lina Maria Corrales, Cuadrado, Borish, Cuadros, Hermes, Duque, Alvaro, Duque, Luisa Fernanda, Espinosa, Sandra Milena, Franke-Ante, Rebeca, García, Hernando, Gómez, Alejandro, González-M., Roy, Idárraga-Piedrahíta, Álvaro, Jimenez, Eliana, Jurado, Rubén, Oviedo, Wilmar López, López-Camacho, René, Cruz, Omar Aurelio Melo, Polo, Irina Mendoza, Paky, Edwin, Pérez, Karen, Pijachi, Angel, Pizano, Camila, Prieto, Adriana, Ramos, Laura, Correa, Zorayda Restrepo, Richardson, James, Rodríguez, Elkin, Rodriguez M., Gina M., Rudas, Agustín, Stevenson, Pablo, Chudomelová, Markéta, Dancak, Martin, Hédl, Radim, Lhota, Stanislav, Svatek, Martin, Mukinzi, Jacques, Ewango, Corneille, Hart, Terese, Yakusu, Emmanuel Kasongo, Lisingo, Janvier, Makana, Jean Remy, Mbayu, Faustin, Toirambe, Benjamin, Mukendi, John Tshibamba, Kvist, Lars, Nebel, Gustav, Báez, Selene, Céron, Carlos, Griffith, Daniel M., Andino, Juan Ernesto Guevara, Neill, David, Palacios, Walter, Peñuela-Mora, Maria Cristina, Rivas-Torres, Gonzalo, Villa, Gorky, Demissie, Sheleme, Gole, Tadesse, Gonfa, Techane, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Baisie, Michel, Bénédet, Fabrice, Betian, Wemo, Bezard, Vincent, Bonal, Damien, Chave, Jerôme, Droissart, Vincent, Gourlet-Fleury, Sylvie, Hladik, Annette, Labrière, Nicolas, Naisso, Pétrus, Réjou-Méchain, Maxime, Sist, Plinio, Blanc, Lilian, Burban, Benoit, Derroire, Géraldine, Dourdain, Aurélie, Stahl, Clement, Bengone, Natacha Nssi, Chezeaux, Eric, Ondo, Fidèle Evouna, Medjibe, Vincent, Mihindou, Vianet, White, Lee, Culmsee, Heike, Rangel, Cristabel Durán, Horna, Viviana, Wittmann, Florian, Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Affum-Baffoe, Kofi, Foli, Ernest, Balinga, Michael, Roopsind, Anand, Singh, James, Thomas, Raquel, Zagt, Roderick, Murthy, Indu K., Kartawinata, Kuswata, Mirmanto, Edi, Priyadi, Hari, Samsoedin, Ismayadi, Sunderland, Terry, Yassir, Ishak, Rovero, Francesco, Vinceti, Barbara, Hérault, Bruno, Aiba, Shin Ichiro, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Daniels, Armandu, Tuagben, Darlington, Woods, John T., Fitriadi, Muhammad, Karolus, Alexander, Khoon, Kho Lip, Majalap, Noreen, Maycock, Colin, Nilus, Reuben, Tan, Sylvester, Sitoe, Almeida, Coronado G., Indiana, Ojo, Lucas, de Assis, Rafael, Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Sheil, Douglas, Pezo, Karen Arévalo, Verde, Hans Buttgenbach, Moscoso, Victor Chama, Oroche, Jimmy Cesar Cordova, Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, Medina, Massiel Corrales, Cardozo, Nallaret Davila, de Rutte Corzo, Jano, del Aguila Pasquel, Jhon, Llampazo, Gerardo Flores, Freitas, Luis, Cabrera, Darcy Galiano, Villacorta, Roosevelt García, Cabrera, Karina Garcia, Soria, Diego García, Saboya, Leticia Gatica, Rios, Julio Miguel Grandez, Pizango, Gabriel Hidalgo, Coronado, Eurídice Honorio, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, Huasco, Walter Huaraca, Aedo, Yuri Tomas Huillca, Peña, Jose Luis Marcelo, Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo, Rodriguez, Vanesa Moreano, Vargas, Percy Núñez, Ramos, Sonia Cesarina Palacios, Camacho, Nadir Pallqui, Cruz, Antonio Peña, Arevalo, Freddy Ramirez, Huaymacari, José Reyna, Rodriguez, Carlos Reynel, Paredes, Marcos Antonio Ríos, Bayona, Lily Rodriguez, del Pilar Rojas Gonzales, Rocio, Peña, Maria Elena Rojas, Revilla, Norma Salinas, Shareva, Yahn Carlos Soto, Trujillo, Raul Tupayachi, Gamarra, Luis Valenzuela, Martinez, Rodolfo Vasquez, Arenas, Jim Vega, Amani, Christian, Ifo, Suspense Averti, Bocko, Yannick, Boundja, Patrick, Ekoungoulou, Romeo, Hockemba, Mireille, Nzala, Donatien, Fofanah, Alusine, Taylor, David, Bañares-de Dios, Guillermo, Cayuela, Luis, la Cerda, Íñigo Granzow de, Macía, Manuel, Stropp, Juliana, Playfair, Maureen, Wortel, Verginia, Gardner, Toby, Muscarella, Robert, Rutishauser, Ervan, Chao, Kuo Jung, Munishi, Pantaleo, Bánki, Olaf, Bongers, Frans, Boot, Rene, Fredriksson, Gabriella, Reitsma, Jan, ter Steege, Hans, van Andel, Tinde, van de Meer, Peter, van der Hout, Peter, van Nieuwstadt, Mark, van Ulft, Bert, Veenendaal, Elmar, Vernimmen, Ronald, Zuidema, Pieter, Zwerts, Joeri, Akite, Perpetra, Bitariho, Robert, Chapman, Colin, Gerald, Eilu, Leal, Miguel, Mucunguzi, Patrick, Abernethy, Katharine, Alexiades, Miguel, Baker, Timothy R., Banda, Karina, Banin, Lindsay, Barlow, Jos, Bennett, Amy, Berenguer, Erika, Berry, Nicholas, Bird, Neil M., Blackburn, George A., Brearley, Francis, Brienen, Roel, Burslem, David, Carvalho, Lidiany, Cho, Percival, Coelho, Fernanda, Collins, Murray, Coomes, David, Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, Dargie, Greta, Dexter, Kyle, Disney, Mat, Draper, Freddie, Duan, Muying, Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Ewers, Robert, Fadrique, Belen, Fauset, Sophie, Feldpausch, Ted R., França, Filipe, Galbraith, David, Gilpin, Martin, Gloor, Emanuel, Grace, John, Hamer, Keith, Harris, David, Jeffery, Kath, Jucker, Tommaso, Kalamandeen, Michelle, Klitgaard, Bente, Levesley, Aurora, Lewis, Simon L., Lindsell, Jeremy, Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Lovett, Jon, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marthews, Toby, McIntosh, Emma, Melgaço, Karina, Milliken, William, Mitchard, Edward, Moonlight, Peter, Moore, Sam, Morel, Alexandra, Peacock, Julie, Peh, Kelvin S.H., Pendry, Colin, Pennington, R. Toby, de Oliveira Pereira, Luciana, Peres, Carlos, Phillips, Oliver L., Pickavance, Georgia, Pugh, Thomas, Qie, Lan, Riutta, Terhi, Roucoux, Katherine, Ryan, Casey, Sarkinen, Tiina, Valeria, Camila Silva, Spracklen, Dominick, Stas, Suzanne, Sullivan, Martin, Swaine, Michael, Talbot, Joey, Taplin, James, van der Heijden, Geertje, Vedovato, Laura, Willcock, Simon, Williams, Mathew, Alves, Luciana, Loayza, Patricia Alvarez, Arellano, Gabriel, Asa, Cheryl, Ashton, Peter, Asner, Gregory, Brncic, Terry, Brown, Foster, Burnham, Robyn, Clark, Connie, Comiskey, James, Damasco, Gabriel, Davies, Stuart, Di Fiore, Tony, Erwin, Terry, Farfan-Rios, William, Hall, Jefferson, Kenfack, David, Lovejoy, Thomas, Martin, Roberta, Montiel, Olga Martha, Pipoly, John, Pitman, Nigel, Poulsen, John, Primack, Richard, Silman, Miles, Steininger, Marc, Swamy, Varun, Terborgh, John, Thomas, Duncan, Umunay, Peter, Uriarte, Maria, Torre, Emilio Vilanova, Wang, Ophelia, Young, Kenneth, Aymard C., Gerardo A., Hernández, Lionel, Fernández, Rafael Herrera, Ramírez-Angulo, Hirma, Salcedo, Pedro, Sanoja, Elio, Serrano, Julio, Torres-Lezama, Armando, Le, Tinh Cong, Le, Trai Trong, Tran, Hieu Dang, Sub Algemeen Biologie, Sub Animal Behaviour and Cognition, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Animal Behaviour and Cognition, Ecology and Biodiversity, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), European Project: 291585,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,T-FORCES(2012), Sub Algemeen Biologie, Sub Animal Behaviour and Cognition, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Animal Behaviour and Cognition, Ecology and Biodiversity, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Forêts et Sociétés (UPR Forêts et Sociétés), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Baisie, Michel, Bénédet, Fabrice, Naisso, Petrus, Sist, Plinio, Droissart, Vincent, Rejou-Mechain, Maxime, Gourlet-Fleury, Sylvie, Derroire, Géraldine, Herault, Bruno, Blanc, Lilian, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, James Cook University (JCU), CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation), University of Tasmania, CSIRO Tropical Forest Research Centre, Independent Researcher, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), James Cook University, University of the Sunshine Coast, University of York, Flamingo Land Ltd., Sommersbergseestrasse, Ghent University, Royal Museum for Central Africa - Service of Wood Biology, Université de Liege, Landscape Ecology and Vegetal Production Systems Unit, University of Liege, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Service Evolution Biologique et Ecologie, Belize Foundation for Research and Environmental Education, IBIF, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, PROMAB, Museo Noel Kempff, Consultor Independiente, Jardin Botanico Municipal de Santa Cruz, Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Forest Management in Bolivia, Universidad Autónoma del Beni Riberalta, Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff, Herbario del Sur de Bolivia, Universidad Autónoma del Beni, Conservation International, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Projeto TEAM – Manaus, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Universidade Federal de Roraima (UFRR), Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Carbonozero Consultoria Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), UERR - Campus Rorainópolis, Universidade Federal do Acre, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Federal University of Acre, INPA- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, UERR - Campus Boa Vista, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Universidade Federal do Para, Ciência e Tecnologia do Acre, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Depto. de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Agreste de Pernambuco (UFAPE), Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, UNEMAT, Universidade Federal de Jataí, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Museu Goeldi, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Fundação Universidade Fedral de Rondônia - UNIR, INPA- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Amazônicas, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - Coordenação de Pesquisas em Silvicultura Tropical, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, National Institute for Research in Amazonia, Universidade Federal de Roraima (UFRR/PRONAT), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia/CPBO, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural, INPE- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Semiarid National Institute (INSA), Universidade de Brasília (UnB), IBAM - Instituto Bem Ambiental, University in Campinas, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (IFES), Grupo MAUA, Humanas e Sociais, Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica, RAINFOR-PPBIO, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA/CAPES, INPA/Max-Planck Project, Serviço Florestal Brasileiro, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, PUCPR - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, University of Yaounde I, University of Buea, National Herbarium, University of Yaoundé I, University of Yaounde 1, Bioversity International, University of Toronto, Chasse et Pêche (MEFCP), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Universidad de La Serena, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Forestry University, Red COL-TREE, Corporación COL-TREE, Nuevo Estándar Biotropical NEBIOT SAS, Universidad del Tolima, Universidad de Nariño – Red BST-Col, Territorial Caribe – Red BST-Col, Universidad del Atlantico – Red BST-Col, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín, Fundacion con Vida, Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia – Red BST-Col, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt – Red BST-Col, UNAL, Instituto de Investigación Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt – Red BST-Col, Herbario 'Joaquín Antonio Uribe' (JAUM) – Red BST-Col, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Amazonia, Coltree, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas – Red BST-Col, Universidad de Tolima, Fundación Orinoquia Biodiversa – Red BST-Col, Universidad Icesi – Red BST-Col, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Universidad de los Llanos, Servicios Ecoysistemicos y Cambio Climatico (SECC) Fundación Con Vida & Corporación COL-TREE, Universidad del Rosario, Fundacion Ecosistemas Secos de Colombia – Red BST-Col, Universidad de los Andes - ANDES herbarium, Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacky University, Czech University of Life Sciences, Mendel University, World Wide Fund for Nature, Wildlife Conservation Society-DR Congo, Lukuru Wildlife Research Foundation, Université de Kisangani, Université de Kisangani Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques République Démocratique du Congo, Ministère de l'Environnement et Développement Durable, Aarhus University, University of Copenhagen, Escuela Politécnica Nacional del Ecuador, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Universidad de las Américas, The Field Museum, Facultad de Ingeniería Ambiental, Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Universidad Regional Amazónica ikiam, Universidad San Francisco de Quito-USFQ, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, UNC Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina-UNC Chapel Hill, University of Florida, FindingSpecies, Mekelle University, Climate Change and Coffee Forest Forum (ECCCFF), University of Turku, Centre de coopération International en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), CNRS, ONF, INRAE, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INRA, Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Université de la Guyane), Environment and Climate, Rougier-Gabon, Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux Gabon, Commission of Central African Forests (COMIFAC), des Objectifs de Développement Durable et du Plan d'Affectation des Terres, Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale (CENAREST) Gabon/Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux, Georg-August-University Göttingen, University of Freiburg, University of Hohenheim, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG), Forestry Commission of Ghana, Center for International Forestry Research, Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, Guyana Forestry Commission, Utrecht University, Indian Institute of Science, Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Indonesian Institute of Science, Forest Research and Development Agency (FORDA), Balitek-KSDA Samboja, University of Florence and MUSE - Museo delle Scienze, Cirad, Hokkaido University, Kyoto University, Forestry Development Authority of the Government of Liberia (FDA), University of Liberia, Sungai Wain Protection Forest, Danum Valley Field Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Forest Research Centre, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sabah Forestry Department, Sarawak Forestry Corporation, Eduardo Mondlane University, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, University of Abeokuta, Natural History Museum of Norway, University of Oslo, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (UNAP), Universidad Nacional de Jaén, Jardin Botanico de Missouri, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Kené - Instituto de Estudios Forestales y Ambientales, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana (IIAP), Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre de Grohmann (UNJBG), Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, CIMA, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Asociacion Bosques Perú, Université Officielle de Bukavu, Université Marien N'Gouabi, Wildlife Conservation Society, Université Marien Ngouabi, Univeriste Marien Ngouabi, The Gola Rainforest National Park, National University of Singapore, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Real Jardín Botánico – CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Centre for Agricultural Research in Suriname (CELOS), Stockholm Environment Institute, Uppsala University, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Conservatoire et Jardin Botanique Geneve, National Chung Hsing University, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Tropenbos International, University of Amsterdam, Bureau Waardenburg BV, Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, Van der Hout Forestry Consulting, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Data for Sustainability, Makerere University, Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST), George Washington University, University of Stirling, University of Kent, University of Leeds, UK Centre of Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster University, University of Oxford, The Landscapes and Livelihoods Group (TLLG), Overseas Development Institute, Manchester Metropolitan University, University of Aberdeen, University of Exeter, University of Edinburgh, University of Cambridge, University College London, Imperial College, University of Birmingham, University of Plymouth, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, CENAREST & ANPN & Stirling University, School of Biological Sciences, Laurentian University, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, centre for Conservation Science, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, The Royal Botanic Gardens, University of Dundee, University of Southampton, University of East Anglia, Stirling University, UK Research & Innovation, University of Nottingham, University of Bangor, University of California, Duke University, University of Michigan, Saint Louis Zoo, Harvard University, Arizona State University, Wildlife Conservation Society – Programme Congo, Woods Hole Research Center, The University of Michigan Herbarium, Nicholas School of the Environment, National Park Service, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Smithsonian Institute, Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development at the Missouri Botanical Garden, Smithsonian Institution Forest Global Earth Observatory (ForestGEO), George Mason University, Missouri Botanical Garden, Broward County Parks and Recreation, Nova Southeastern University, Boston University, Wake Forest University, University of Maryland, San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, Washington State University, Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Columbia University, Berkeley, Northern Arizona University, Ci Progress GreenLife, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Universidad de los Andes, Viet Nature Conservation Centre, CIRAD, and University of Lincoln
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biodiversity, forêt tropicale, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, Carbon sink, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, parcelle, Forest plot, Global change, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Amazon rainforest, Environmental resource management, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, PE&RC, Forest plots, Southeast Asia, ECOSSISTEMAS FLORESTAIS, Biosystematiek, Social research, Dynamics, Geography, AfriTRON, Écosystème forestier, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Rainforest, Monitoring, Evolution, Climate change, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, RAINFOR, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Grondbezit, 010603 evolutionary biology, Ecology and Environment, Grassroots, Écologie forestière, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Permanent sample plots, Behavior and Systematics, Amazonia, Tropische bossen, Ecosystemen, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Changement de couvert végétal, Water Resources Management, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, biodiversité forestière, Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Africa, Biosystematics, Couvert forestier, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Species richness
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:16:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Agence Nationale Des Parcs Nationaux Centre for International Forestry Research Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (COLCIENCIAS) David and Lucile Packard Foundation European Space Agency Leverhulme Trust Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás European Research Council Belgian Federal Science Policy Office Vlaamse Interuniversitaire Raad Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) National Science Foundation Natural Environment Research Council Royal Society National Geographic Society Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Tropical forests are the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth. While better understanding of these forests is critical for our collective future, until quite recently efforts to measure and monitor them have been largely disconnected. Networking is essential to discover the answers to questions that transcend borders and the horizons of funding agencies. Here we show how a global community is responding to the challenges of tropical ecosystem research with diverse teams measuring forests tree-by-tree in thousands of long-term plots. We review the major scientific discoveries of this work and show how this process is changing tropical forest science. Our core approach involves linking long-term grassroots initiatives with standardized protocols and data management to generate robust scaled-up results. By connecting tropical researchers and elevating their status, our Social Research Network model recognises the key role of the data originator in scientific discovery. Conceived in 1999 with RAINFOR (South America), our permanent plot networks have been adapted to Africa (AfriTRON) and Southeast Asia (T-FORCES) and widely emulated worldwide. Now these multiple initiatives are integrated via ForestPlots.net cyber-infrastructure, linking colleagues from 54 countries across 24 plot networks. Collectively these are transforming understanding of tropical forests and their biospheric role. Together we have discovered how, where and why forest carbon and biodiversity are responding to climate change, and how they feedback on it. This long-term pan-tropical collaboration has revealed a large long-term carbon sink and its trends, as well as making clear which drivers are most important, which forest processes are affected, where they are changing, what the lags are, and the likely future responses of tropical forests as the climate continues to change. By leveraging a remarkably old technology, plot networks are sparking a very modern revolution in tropical forest science. In the future, humanity can benefit greatly by nurturing the grassroots communities now collectively capable of generating unique, long-term understanding of Earth's most precious forests. Resumen: Los bosques tropicales son los ecosistemas más diversos y productivos del mundo y entender su funcionamiento es crítico para nuestro futuro colectivo. Sin embargo, hasta hace muy poco, los esfuerzos para medirlos y monitorearlos han estado muy desconectados. El trabajo en redes es esencial para descubrir las respuestas a preguntas que trascienden las fronteras y los plazos de las agencias de financiamiento. Aquí mostramos cómo una comunidad global está respondiendo a los desafíos de la investigación en ecosistemas tropicales a través de diversos equipos realizando mediciones árbol por árbol en miles de parcelas permanentes de largo plazo. Revisamos los descubrimientos más importantes de este trabajo y discutimos cómo este proceso está cambiando la ciencia relacionada a los bosques tropicales. El enfoque central de nuestro esfuerzo implica la conexión de iniciativas locales de largo plazo con protocolos estandarizados y manejo de datos para producir resultados que se puedan trasladar a múltiples escalas. Conectando investigadores tropicales, elevando su posición y estatus, nuestro modelo de Red Social de Investigación reconoce el rol fundamental que tienen, para el descubrimiento científico, quienes generan o producen los datos. Concebida en 1999 con RAINFOR (Suramérica), nuestras redes de parcelas permanentes han sido adaptadas en África (AfriTRON) y el sureste asiático (T-FORCES) y ampliamente replicadas en el mundo. Actualmente todas estas iniciativas están integradas a través de la ciber-infraestructura de ForestPlots.net, conectando colegas de 54 países en 24 redes diferentes de parcelas. Colectivamente, estas redes están transformando nuestro conocimiento sobre los bosques tropicales y el rol de éstos en la biósfera. Juntos hemos descubierto cómo, dónde y porqué el carbono y la biodiversidad de los bosques tropicales está respondiendo al cambio climático y cómo se retroalimentan. Esta colaboración pan-tropical de largo plazo ha expuesto un gran sumidero de carbono y sus tendencias, mostrando claramente cuáles son los factores más importantes, qué procesos se ven afectados, dónde ocurren los cambios, los tiempos de reacción y las probables respuestas futuras mientras el clima continúa cambiando. Apalancando lo que realmente es una tecnología antigua, las redes de parcelas están generando una verdadera y moderna revolución en la ciencia tropical. En el futuro, la humanidad puede beneficiarse enormemente si se nutren y cultivan comunidades de investigadores de base, actualmente con la capacidad de generar información única y de largo plazo para entender los que probablemente son los bosques más preciados de la tierra. Resumo: Florestas tropicais são os ecossistemas mais diversos e produtivos da Terra. Embora uma boa compreensão destas florestas seja crucial para o nosso futuro coletivo, até muito recentemente os esforços de medições e monitoramento foram amplamente desconexos. É essencial formarmos redes para obtermos respostas que transcendem fronteiras e horizontes de agências financiadoras. Neste estudo nós mostramos como uma comunidade global está respondendo aos desafios da pesquisa de ecossistemas tropicais, com equipes diversas medindo florestas, árvore por árvore, em milhares de parcelas monitoradas à longo prazo. Nós revisamos as maiores descobertas científicas deste trabalho, e mostramos também como este processo está mudando a ciência de florestas tropicais. Nossa abordagem principal envolve unir iniciativas de base a protocolos padronizados e gerenciamento de dados a fim de gerar resultados robustos em escalas ampliadas. Ao conectar pesquisadores tropicais e elevar seus status, nosso modelo de Rede de Pesquisa Social reconhece o papel-chave do produtor dos dados na descoberta científica. Concebida em 1999 com o RAINFOR (América do Sul), nossa rede de parcelas permanentes foi adaptada para África (AfriTRON) e Sudeste asiático (T-FORCES), e tem sido extensamente reproduzida em todo o mundo. Agora estas múltiplas iniciativas estão integradas através de uma infraestrutura cibernética do ForestPlots.net, conectando colegas de 54 países de 24 redes de parcelas. Estas iniciativas estão transformando coletivamente o entendimento das florestas tropicais e seus papéis na biosfera. Juntos nós descobrimos como, onde e por que o carbono e a biodiversidade da floresta estão respondendo às mudanças climáticas, e seus efeitos de retroalimentação. Esta duradoura colaboração pantropical revelou um grande sumidouro de carbono persistente e suas tendências, assim como tem evidenciado quais direcionadores são mais importantes, quais processos florestais são mais afetados, onde eles estão mudando, seus atrasos no tempo de resposta, e as prováveis respostas das florestas tropicais conforme o clima continua a mudar. Dessa forma, aproveitando uma notável tecnologia antiga, redes de parcelas acendem faíscas de uma moderna revolução na ciência das florestas tropicais. No futuro a humanidade pode se beneficiar incentivando estas comunidades basais que agora são coletivamente capazes de gerar conhecimentos únicos e duradouros sobre as florestas mais preciosas da Terra. Résume: Les forêts tropicales sont les écosystèmes les plus diversifiés et les plus productifs de la planète. Si une meilleure compréhension de ces forêts est essentielle pour notre avenir collectif, jusqu'à tout récemment, les efforts déployés pour les mesurer et les surveiller ont été largement déconnectés. La mise en réseau est essentielle pour découvrir les réponses à des questions qui dépassent les frontières et les horizons des organismes de financement. Nous montrons ici comment une communauté mondiale relève les défis de la recherche sur les écosystèmes tropicaux avec diverses équipes qui mesurent les forêts arbre après arbre dans de milliers de parcelles permanentes. Nous passons en revue les principales découvertes scientifiques de ces travaux et montrons comment ce processus modifie la science des forêts tropicales. Notre approche principale consiste à relier les initiatives de base à long terme à des protocoles standardisés et une gestion de données afin de générer des résultats solides à grande échelle. En reliant les chercheurs tropicaux et en élevant leur statut, notre modèle de réseau de recherche sociale reconnaît le rôle clé de l'auteur des données dans la découverte scientifique. Conçus en 1999 avec RAINFOR (Amérique du Sud), nos réseaux de parcelles permanentes ont été adaptés à l'Afrique (AfriTRON) et à l'Asie du Sud-Est (T-FORCES) et largement imités dans le monde entier. Ces multiples initiatives sont désormais intégrées via l'infrastructure ForestPlots.net, qui relie des collègues de 54 pays à travers 24 réseaux de parcelles. Ensemble, elles transforment la compréhension des forêts tropicales et de leur rôle biosphérique. Ensemble, nous avons découvert comment, où et pourquoi le carbone forestier et la biodiversité réagissent au changement climatique, et comment ils y réagissent. Cette collaboration pan-tropicale à long terme a révélé un important puits de carbone à long terme et ses tendances, tout en mettant en évidence les facteurs les plus importants, les processus forestiers qui sont affectés, les endroits où ils changent, les décalages et les réactions futures probables des forêts tropicales à mesure que le climat continue de changer. En tirant parti d'une technologie remarquablement ancienne, les réseaux de parcelles déclenchent une révolution très moderne dans la science des forêts tropicales. À l'avenir, l'humanité pourra grandement bénéficier du soutien des communautés de base qui sont maintenant collectivement capables de générer une compréhension unique et à long terme des forêts les plus précieuses de la Terre. Abstrak: Hutan tropika adalah di antara ekosistem yang paling produktif dan mempunyai kepelbagaian biodiversiti yang tinggi di seluruh dunia. Walaupun pemahaman mengenai hutan tropika amat penting untuk masa depan kita, usaha-usaha untuk mengkaji dan mengawas hutah-hutan tersebut baru sekarang menjadi lebih diperhubungkan. Perangkaian adalah sangat penting untuk mencari jawapan kepada soalan-soalan yang menjangkaui sempadan dan batasan agensi pendanaan. Di sini kami menunjukkan bagaimana sebuah komuniti global bertindak balas terhadap cabaran penyelidikan ekosistem tropika melalui penglibatan pelbagai kumpulan yang mengukur hutan secara pokok demi pokok dalam beribu-ribu plot jangka panjang. Kami meninjau semula penemuan saintifik utama daripada kerja ini dan menunjukkan bagaimana proses ini sedang mengubah bidang sains hutan tropika. Teras pendekatan kami memberi tumpuan terhadap penghubungan inisiatif akar umbi jangka panjang dengan protokol standar serta pengurusan data untuk mendapatkan hasil skala besar yang kukuh. Dengan menghubungkan penyelidik-penyelidik tropika dan meningkatkan status mereka, model Rangkaian Penyelidikan Sosial kami mengiktiraf kepentingan peranan pengasas data dalam penemuan saintifik. Bermula dengan pengasasan RAINFOR (Amerika Selatan) pada tahun 1999, rangkaian-rangkaian plot kekal kami kemudian disesuaikan untuk Afrika (AfriTRON) dan Asia Tenggara (T-FORCES) dan selanjutnya telah banyak dicontohi di seluruh dunia. Kini, inisiatif-inisiatif tersebut disepadukan melalui infrastruktur siber ForestPlots.net yang menghubungkan rakan sekerja dari 54 negara di 24 buah rangkaian plot. Secara kolektif, rangkaian ini sedang mengubah pemahaman tentang hutan tropika dan peranannya dalam biosfera. Kami telah bekerjasama untuk menemukan bagaimana, di mana dan mengapa karbon serta biodiversiti hutan bertindak balas terhadap perubahan iklim dan juga bagaimana mereka saling bermaklum balas. Kolaborasi pan-tropika jangka panjang ini telah mendedahkan sebuah sinki karbon jangka panjang serta arah alirannya dan juga menjelaskan pemandu-pemandu perubahan yang terpenting, di mana dan bagaimana proses hutan terjejas, masa susul yang ada dan kemungkinan tindakbalas hutan tropika pada perubahan iklim secara berterusan di masa depan. Dengan memanfaatkan pendekatan lama, rangkaian plot sedang menyalakan revolusi yang amat moden dalam sains hutan tropika. Pada masa akan datang, manusia sejagat akan banyak mendapat manfaat jika memupuk komuniti-komuniti akar umbi yang kini berkemampuan secara kolektif menghasilkan pemahaman unik dan jangka panjang mengenai hutan-hutan yang paling berharga di dunia. Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER) Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad Nacional de Jujuy James Cook University (JCU) CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation) School of Land & Food University of Tasmania CSIRO Tropical Forest Research Centre Independent Researcher Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) College of Marine and Environmental Sciences James Cook University Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science College of Science and Engineering James Cook University University of the Sunshine Coast University of York Flamingo Land Ltd. Sommersbergseestrasse Ghent University CAVElab Ghent University Royal Museum for Central Africa - Service of Wood Biology Isotope Bioscience Laboratory-ISOFYS Ghent University Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Université de Liege Landscape Ecology and Vegetal Production Systems Unit CAVElab Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology Ghent University Tropical Forestry Forest Resources Management Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech University of Liege Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Royal Museum for Central Africa Royal Museum for Central Africa Ghent University Department of Environment Ghent University Service Evolution Biologique et Ecologie Belize Foundation for Research and Environmental Education IBIF Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno PROMAB Museo Noel Kempff Consultor Independiente Jardin Botanico Municipal de Santa Cruz Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado Forest Management in Bolivia Universidad Autónoma del Beni Riberalta Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Herbario del Sur de Bolivia Universidad Autónoma del Beni Conservation International Instituto de Biodiversidade e Floresta Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT) Projeto TEAM – Manaus Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF) Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais Departamento de Genética Ecologia e Evolução Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Universidade Estadual de Campinas Laboratório de Ecologia de Comunidades e Funcionamento de Ecossistemas-ECoFERP Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras USP National Institute for Space Research (INPE) Universidade Federal de Roraima (UFRR) UNESP - São Paulo State University Carbonozero Consultoria Ambiental Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM) Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura Universidade de São Paulo UERR - Campus Rorainópolis Universidade Federal do Acre Instituto Agronômico de Campinas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Embrapa Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF) Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI) Botany and Plant Ecology Laboratory Federal University of Acre INPA- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia UERR - Campus Boa Vista Universidade Federal do Ceará Universidade Federal de Campina Grande Universidade Federal do Para Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais Universidade Estadual de Campinas Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Acre Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará UEFS Depto. de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal do Agreste de Pernambuco (UFAPE) Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros FFCLRP-USP/Br UNEMAT Universidade Federal de Jataí Universidade Federal do Pará Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade de Campinas Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) Museu Goeldi Embrapa Amazônia Oriental Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia UFMG - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Fundação Universidade Fedral de Rondônia - UNIR INPA- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Amazônicas Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - Coordenação de Pesquisas em Silvicultura Tropical Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro National Institute for Research in Amazonia Universidade Federal de Roraima (UFRR/PRONAT) Universidade Estadual de Campinas/UNICAMP Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia/CPBO Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) INCAPER- Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural INPE- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista Semiarid National Institute (INSA) Universidade de Brasília Departamento de Engenharia Florestal IBAM - Instituto Bem Ambiental Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso Campus de Nova Xavantina University in Campinas Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF) LMF Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco USP - University of São Paulo Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (IFES) INPA - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Grupo MAUA Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Instituto de Ciências Naturais Humanas e Sociais Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica RAINFOR-PPBIO Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA/CAPES Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM) INPA/Max-Planck Project EMBRAPA- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Amazônia Oriental) Serviço Florestal Brasileiro Museu Universitário Universidade Federal do Acre Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco PUCPR - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi Universiti Brunei Darussalam Environmental and Life Sciences Faculty of Science Universiti Brunei Darussalam Institute for Biodiversity and Environmental Research Universiti Brunei Darussalam Plant Systematic and Ecology Laboratory Department of Biology Higher Teachers’ Training College University of Yaounde I Faculty of Science Department of Botany and Plant Physiology University of Buea Faculty of Science Department of Plant Science University of Buea National Herbarium Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory Higher Teachers’ Training College University of Yaoundé I Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Bioversity International Faculty of Forestry University of Toronto Ministère des Eaux Forêts Chasse et Pêche (MEFCP) Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción Universidad de La Serena Research Institute of Tropical Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Forestry University Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia Red COL-TREE Corporación COL-TREE Nuevo Estándar Biotropical NEBIOT SAS Universidad del Tolima Asociación GAICA Universidad de Nariño – Red BST-Col Parques Nacionales Naturales Territorial Caribe – Red BST-Col Universidad del Atlantico – Red BST-Col Departamento de Ciencias Forestales Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín Socioecosistemas y Clima Sostenible Fundacion con Vida Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia – Red BST-Col Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt – Red BST-Col UNAL Instituto de Investigación Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt – Red BST-Col Fundación Jardín Botánico de Medellín Herbario “Joaquín Antonio Uribe” (JAUM) – Red BST-Col Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Amazonia Coltree Facultad del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas – Red BST-Col Universidad de Tolima Fundación Orinoquia Biodiversa – Red BST-Col Departamento de Biología Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Icesi – Red BST-Col Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Nacional de Colombia Universidad de los Llanos Servicios Ecoysistemicos y Cambio Climatico (SECC) Fundación Con Vida & Corporación COL-TREE Universidad del Rosario Fundacion Ecosistemas Secos de Colombia – Red BST-Col Universidad de los Andes - ANDES herbarium Institute of Botany Czech Academy of Sciences Palacky University Czech University of Life Sciences Mendel University World Wide Fund for Nature Wildlife Conservation Society-DR Congo Lukuru Wildlife Research Foundation Université de Kisangani Faculté des Sciences Laboratoire d'écologie et aménagement forestier Université de Kisangani Université de Kisangani Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques République Démocratique du Congo Ministère de l'Environnement et Développement Durable Aarhus University University of Copenhagen Escuela Politécnica Nacional del Ecuador Herbario Alfredo Paredes (QAP) Universidad Central del Ecuador Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad Medio Ambiente y Salud-BIOMAS Universidad de las Américas, Campus Queri Keller Science Action Center The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Dr. Universidad Estatal Amazónica Facultad de Ingeniería Ambiental Universidad Tecnica del Norte Herbario Nacional del Ecuador Grupo de Ecosistemas Tropicales y Cambio Global Universidad Regional Amazónica ikiam Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA & Extensión Galápagos Universidad San Francisco de Quito-USFQ Herbario de Botánica Económica del Ecuador QUSF Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ Galapagos Science Center USFQ UNC Chapel Hill University of North Carolina-UNC Chapel Hill University of Florida FindingSpecies Mekelle University Environment Climate Change and Coffee Forest Forum (ECCCFF) University of Turku Centre de coopération International en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD) CNRS ONF INRAE Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique AMAP Univ Montpellier IRD CNRS CIRAD INRA Forêts et Sociétés (F&S) Centre de coopération International en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD) Departement Hommes Natures Societes Museum national d'histoire naturelle INRA Cirad UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (AgroparisTech CNRS INRAE Université des Antilles Université de la Guyane) Ministry of Forests Seas Environment and Climate Rougier-Gabon Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux Gabon Commission of Central African Forests (COMIFAC) Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux Ministère des Forêts des Eaux de la Mer de l'Environnement Chargé du Plan Climat des Objectifs de Développement Durable et du Plan d'Affectation des Terres Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale (CENAREST) Gabon/Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux Georg-August-University Göttingen University of Freiburg Institute of Botany University of Hohenheim Max Planck Institute for Chemistry Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG) Mensuration Unit Forestry Commission of Ghana Center for International Forestry Research Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development Guyana Forestry Commission Utrecht University Centre for Sustainable Technologies Indian Institute of Science Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Herbarium Borgoriense Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Indonesian Institute of Science Forest Research and Development Agency (FORDA) Balitek-KSDA Samboja University of Florence and MUSE - Museo delle Scienze Cirad Hokkaido University Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Forestry Development Authority of the Government of Liberia (FDA) University of Liberia Sungai Wain Protection Forest South East Asia Rainforest Research Partnership Danum Valley Field Centre Malaysian Palm Oil Board Sabah Forestry Department Forest Research Centre Universiti Malaysia Sabah Sabah Forestry Department Sarawak Forestry Corporation Eduardo Mondlane University Herbarium UNAN-Leon Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua University of Abeokuta Natural History Museum of Norway University of Oslo Norwegian University of Life Sciences Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (UNAP) Universidad Nacional de Jaén Jardin Botanico de Missouri Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana Kené - Instituto de Estudios Forestales y Ambientales Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana (IIAP) Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre de Grohmann (UNJBG) Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco Centro de Conservación Investigación y Manejo CIMA Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú Asociacion Bosques Perú Université Officielle de Bukavu Université Marien N'Gouabi Wildlife Conservation Society Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Agronomie et de Foresterie Université Marien Ngouabi Univeriste Marien Ngouabi The Gola Rainforest National Park Department of Geography National University of Singapore Departamento de Biología y Geología Física y Química inorgánica Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Real Jardín Botánico – CSIC Departamento de Biología Área de Botánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC) Centre for Agricultural Research in Suriname (CELOS) Stockholm Environment Institute Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution Uppsala University Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre InfoFlora Conservatoire et Jardin Botanique Geneve National Chung Hsing University Sokoine University of Agriculture Naturalis Biodiversity Center Wageningen University Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group Tropenbos International Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam Bureau Waardenburg BV Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences Van der Hout Forestry Consulting Utrecht University, Domplein 29 Wageningen University Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group Data for Sustainability Department of Zoology Entomology & Fisheries Sciences Makerere University The Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation (ITFC) Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST) George Washington University Makerere University Department of Forestry Biodiversity and Tourism Makerere University University of Stirling University of Kent School of Geography University of Leeds UK Centre of Ecology & Hydrology Lancaster University University of Oxford The Landscapes and Livelihoods Group (TLLG) Overseas Development Institute Manchester Metropolitan University University of Aberdeen University of Exeter School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh University of Cambridge Department of Environment and Geography University of York Department of Geography University College London Imperial College School of Geography Earth & Environmental Sciences Birmingham Institute of Forest Research University of Birmingham University of Plymouth Geography College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University University of Edinburgh School of Biology University of Leeds Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh CENAREST & ANPN & Stirling University University of Bristol School of Biological Sciences Department of Plant Sciences University of Cambridge Living with Lake Centre Laurentian University Royal Botanic Gardens Kew The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds centre for Conservation Science Environmental Change Institute School of Geography and the Environment University of Oxford UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology School of Geography and the Environment University of Oxford The Royal Botanic Gardens Department of Geography and Environmental Science University of Dundee School of Biological Sciences University of Southampton University of East Anglia Stirling University School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds Department of Plant & Soil Science School of Biological Sciences University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building Institute for Transport Studies University of Leeds UK Research & Innovation University of Nottingham University of Bangor Center for Tropical Research Institute of the Environment and Sustainability University of California Center for Tropical Conservation Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Saint Louis Zoo Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science Arizona State University Wildlife Conservation Society – Programme Congo Woods Hole Research Center The University of Michigan Herbarium Nicholas School of the Environment National Park Service University of California ForestGEO Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute University of Texas at Austin Smithsonian Institute Washington University in Saint Louis Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development at the Missouri Botanical Garden Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Smithsonian Institution Forest Global Earth Observatory (ForestGEO) Forest Global Earth Observatory (ForestGEO) Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute George Mason University Missouri Botanical Garden Broward County Parks and Recreation Nova Southeastern University Science and Education The Field Museum Department of Biology Boston University Wake Forest University Department of Geographical Sciences University of Maryland San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research Biology Department Washington State University Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies Columbia University Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management University of California Berkeley School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability Northern Arizona University Department of Geography and the Environment University of Texas at Austin UNELLEZ-Guanare Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar Herbario Universitario (PORT) Ci Progress GreenLife Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC) Universidad de los Andes Viet Nature Conservation Centre CIRAD School of Life Sciences University of Lincoln UNESP - São Paulo State University Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation: 1656 FAPESP: 2012/51509-8 FAPESP: 2012/51872-5 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás: 2017/10267000329 European Research Council: 291585 Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation: 5349 European Research Council: 758873 Belgian Federal Science Policy Office: BR/132/A1/AFRIFORD Belgian Federal Science Policy Office: BR/143/A3/HERBAXYLAREDD Vlaamse Interuniversitaire Raad: CD2018TEA459A103 CNPq: CNPq/PPBio/457602/2012-0 National Science Foundation: DEB 1754647 Natural Environment Research Council: E/M0022021/1 Royal Society: ICA/R1/180100 Natural Environment Research Council: NE/D005590/1 European Research Council: NE/F005806/1 Natural Environment Research Council: NE/F005806/1 FAPESP: NE/K016431/1 Natural Environment Research Council: NE/N004655/1 FAPESP: NE/N012542/1 Royal Society: NE/P008755/1 FAPESP: NE/S011811/1 National Geographic Society: NE/T01279X/1 CNPq: PELD/441244/2016-5 Belgian Federal Science Policy Office: SD/AR/01A/COBIMFO
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

25. Wet and dry tropical forests show opposite successional pathways in wood density but converge over time

Author: Geraldo Wilson Fernandes, Horacio Paz, Daniel Piotto, Maria das Dores Magalhães Veloso, Miguel Martínez-Ramos, Silvio Nolasco de Oliveira Neto, Naomi B. Schwartz, Dylan Craven, Francisco Mora, Danaë M. A. Rozendaal, Susana Ochoa-Gaona, Vanessa de Souza Moreno, G. Bruce Williamson, Edwin Lebrija-Trejos, Jarcilene S. Almeida-Cortez, Masha T. van der Sande, Marc K. Steininger, José Luis Hernández-Stefanoni, María C. Fandiño, Sebastião Venâncio Martins, Erika Marin-Spiotta, Ricardo Gomes César, Arturo Sanchez-Azofeifa, Madelon Lohbeck, Lucía Sanaphre-Villanueva, Sandra M. Durán, Angelica M. Almeyda Zambrano, Frans Bongers, Jorge Ruiz, Marisol Toledo, William Wayt Thomas, Juan Manuel Dupuy, Marielos Peña-Claros, S. Joseph Wright, Sandra Cristina Müller, Francisco S. Álvarez, Jess K. Zimmerman, Elisa Díaz García, Vanessa Granda Moser, Rita C. G. Mesquita, André Braga Junqueira, Jérôme Chave, Robert Muscarella, Susan G. Letcher, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Justin M. Becknell, Luis Felipe Arreola Villa, Catarina C. Jakovac, Tony Vizcarra Bentos, Daisy H. Dent, Patricia Balvanera, Hans F. M. Vester, Michiel van Breugel, Eben N. Broadbent, Rodrigo Muñoz, Luis P. Utrera, Jefferson S. Hall, Mark Westoby, Lourens Poorter, Robin L. Chazdon, José Luis Andrade, Kátia Janaina Zanini, Paulo Eduardo dos Santos Massoca, Bryan Finegan, Pedro Manuel Villa, Radika Bhaskar, Omar R. Lopez, María Uriarte, Julie S. Denslow, Ben H. J. de Jong, Deborah K. Kennard, Gabriel Dalla Colletta, Mário M. Espírito Santo, Pedro H. S. Brancalion, Yule Roberta Ferreira Nunes, Hans van der Wal, Saara J. DeWalt, Vanessa K. Boukili, Jorge A. Meave, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad (IIES), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Universidade Federal de Vicosa (UFV), Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Medicine [New York], Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica [Vitoria] (Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo) (UFES ), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Edmonton], University of Alberta, Columbia University [New York], Conservation International, Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Para [Belem - Brésil], Dpt Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie University, and Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics (IBED, FNWI)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, Secondary succession, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Drought tolerance, Ecological succession, Forests, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Forest restoration, Trees, Laboratory of Geo-information Science and Remote Sensing, Tropical climate, Dry season, Life Science, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Laboratorium voor Geo-informatiekunde en Remote Sensing, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Tropical Climate, Ecology, Reforestation, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, Wood, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Plant Production Systems, FLORESTAS TROPICAIS, Plantaardige Productiesystemen, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Crop and Weed Ecology
Abstract: Tropical forests are converted at an alarming rate for agricultural use and pastureland, but also regrow naturally through secondary succession. For successful forest restoration, it is essential to understand the mechanisms of secondary succession. These mechanisms may vary across forest types, but analyses across broad spatial scales are lacking. Here, we analyse forest recovery using 1,403 plots that differ in age since agricultural abandonment from 50 sites across the Neotropics. We analyse changes in community composition using species-specific stem wood density (WD), which is a key trait for plant growth, survival and forest carbon storage. In wet forest, succession proceeds from low towards high community WD (acquisitive towards conservative trait values), in line with standard successional theory. However, in dry forest, succession proceeds from high towards low community WD (conservative towards acquisitive trait values), probably because high WD reflects drought tolerance in harsh early successional environments. Dry season intensity drives WD recovery by influencing the start and trajectory of succession, resulting in convergence of the community WD over time as vegetation cover builds up. These ecological insights can be used to improve species selection for reforestation. Reforestation species selected to establish a first protective canopy layer should, among other criteria, ideally have a similar WD to the early successional communities that dominate under the prevailing macroclimatic conditions.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

26. Risks to future atoll habitability from climate-driven environmental changes

Author: Alexandre K. Magnan, Gonéri Le Cozannet, Virginie Duvat, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Chris T. Perry, Patrick D. Nunn, Thomas J. Spencer, Nicholas A. J. Graham, Arthur P. Webb, Ian White, Colette C. C. Wabnitz, Johann D. Bell, Kathleen L. McInnes, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut du Développement Durable et des Relations Internationales (IDDRI), Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Paris, University of Exeter, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Wollongong, Conservation International, University of British Columbia (UBC), Stockholm University, Stanford University, University of Wollongong [Australia], United Nations Development Porgramme, Australian National University (ANU), Data61 [Canberra] (CSIRO), Australian National University (ANU)-Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lancaster University, University of the Sunshine Coast (USC), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Duvat, VKE [0000-0002-9336-3833], Magnan, AK [0000-0001-7421-5184], Perry, CT [0000-0001-9398-2418], Spencer, T [0000-0003-2610-6201], Wabnitz, CCC [0000-0002-5076-9163], White, I [0000-0002-5455-4514], McInnes, KL [0000-0002-1810-7215], Gattuso, JP [0000-0002-4533-4114], Graham, NAJ [0000-0002-5332-0783], Nunn, PD [0000-0001-9295-5741], Le Cozannet, G [0000-0003-2421-3003], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, reef island, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Effects of global warming on oceans, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geography, Planning and Development, Atoll, Climate change, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, atolls, Human settlement, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Indian Ocean, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Shore, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, geography, Pacific Ocean, geography.geographical_feature_category, Habitability, climate change impacts, Pelagic zone, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Fishery, habitability, 13. Climate action, Tropical cyclone
Abstract: © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Recent assessments of future risk to atoll habitability have focused on island erosion and submergence, and have overlooked the effects of other climate-related drivers, as well as differences between ocean basins and island types. Here we investigate the cumulative risk arising from multiple drivers (sea-level rise; changes in rainfall, ocean–atmosphere oscillations and tropical cyclone intensity; ocean warming and acidification) to five Habitability Pillars: Land, Freshwater supply, Food supply, Settlements and infrastructure, and Economic activities. Risk is assessed for urban and rural islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, under RCP2.6 and RCP8.5, in 2050 and 2090, and considering a moderate adaptation scenario. Risks will be highest in the Western Pacific which will experience increased island destabilization together with a high threat to freshwater, and decreased land-based and marine food supply from reef-dependent fish and tuna and tuna-like resources. Risk accumulation will occur at a lower rate in the Central Pacific (lower pressure on land, with more limited cascading effects on other Habitability Pillars; increase in pelagic fish stocks) and the Central Indian Ocean (mostly experiencing increased land destabilization and reef degradation). Risk levels will vary significantly between urban islands, depending on geomorphology and local shoreline disturbances. Rural islands will experience less contrasting risk levels, but higher risks than urban islands in the second half of the century. This article is categorized under: Trans-Disciplinary Perspectives > Regional Reviews.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

27. Managing erosion of mangrove-mud coasts with permeable dams – lessons learned

Author: Joost Noordermeer, Femke H. Tonneijck, Alejandra Gijón Mancheño, Edward J. Anthony, Silke A.J. Tas, Tom Wilms, Kene Moseley, A.P. Oost, Els van Lavieren, Johan C. Winterwerp, Thorsten Albers, S. Naipal, Cherdvong Saengsupavanich, Daniel A. Friess, Bregje K. van Wesenbeeck, Pieter van Eijk, Abdul Muhari, Celine E.J. van Bijsterveldt, Wetlands International [Pays-Bas], Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Geography, National University of Singapore (NUS), Mangrove Restoration and Management Department, National Agriculture Research & Extension Institute, Indonesian Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Anton de Kom Universiteit van Suriname - Anton de Kom University of Suriname [Paramaribo] (UVS), Witteveen + Bos Raadgevende Ingenieurs, Deltares [The Netherlands], Faculty of International Maritime Studies, Kasetsart University (KU), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Conservation International Suriname, and Diponegoro University (UNDIP) Dutch Sustainable Water Fund German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) as part of the International Climate Initiative (IKI)
Subjects: Hard infrastructure, Environmental Engineering, Mangrove-mud coast, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Coastal erosion, 01 natural sciences, Urbanization, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Ecological mangrove restoration, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Building with Nature, business.industry, Flooding (psychology), Environmental resource management, Stakeholder, Nature-based solutions, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, Chenier, Geography, Bamboo fence, Habitat, 13. Climate action, Permeable dam, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Relevant cost, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Mud streaming, Mangrove, business, Groundwater
Abstract: International audience; Mangrove-mud coasts across the world erode because of uninformed management, conversion of mangrove forests into aquaculture ponds, development of infrastructure and urbanization, and/or extraction of ground-water inducing land subsidence. The accompanied loss of ecosystem values, amongst which safety against flooding, has far reaching consequences for coastal communities, exacerbated by sea-level rise. To halt erosion various nature-based solutions have been implemented as an alternative to hard infrastructure sea defenses, including mangrove planting and erection of low-tech structures such as bamboo fences, permeable brushwood dams, etc. These structures have been designed on the basis of best-engineering practice, lacking sufficient scientific background. This paper investigates the use and success of permeable dams over a period of about 15 years, describing their application in Guyana, Indonesia, Suriname, Thailand and Vietnam, summarizing the lessons-learned, and analyzing their functioning in relation to the physical-biological coastal system. Also an overview of relevant costs is given.The basic philosophy behind the construction of permeable dams is the rehabilitation of mangrove habitat through re-establishment of the (fine) sediment dynamics - we refer to Building with Nature as the overarching principle of this approach. Our main conclusions are that a successful functioning of permeable dams requires (1) a thorough understanding of the physical-biological system and analysis of the relevant processes, (2) patience and persistence, including maintenance, as the natural time scales to rehabilitate mangrove green belts take years to decades, and (3) intensive stakeholder involvement. We give a list of conditions under which permeable dams may be successful, but in qualitative terms, as local site conditions largely govern their success or failure.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

28. What Drives the Erasure of Protected Areas? Evidence from across the Brazilian Amazon

Author: Derya Keles, Alexander Pfaff, Philippe Delacote, Michael B. Mascia, Siyu Qin, Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (BETA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Climate Economics Chair, Université Duke Raleigh Durham, Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Conservation International, Duke University [Durham], Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science and Oceans, This research is part of the Agriculture and Forestry research program by the Climate Economics Chair. The authors want to thank the Climate Economics Chair and Betty and Gordon Moore for financial support., and ANR-11-LABX-0002,ARBRE,Recherches Avancées sur l'Arbre et les Ecosytèmes Forestiers(2011)
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q1 - Agriculture/Q.Q1.Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing • Cooperatives • Agribusiness, Opportunity cost, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Natural resource economics, Conservation, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Deforestation, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q5 - Environmental Economics/Q.Q5.Q56 - Environment and Development • Environment and Trade • Sustainability • Environmental Accounts and Accounting • Environmental Equity • Population Growth, Forest, Enforcement, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q5 - Environmental Economics/Q.Q5.Q58 - Government Policy, Amazon, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Land use, Amazon rainforest, JEL: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth/O.O2 - Development Planning and Policy/O.O2.O21 - Planning Models • Planning Policy, Economic gain, 15. Life on land, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q5 - Environmental Economics/Q.Q5.Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services • Biodiversity Conservation • Bioeconomics • Industrial Ecology, Protected area, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Business, Brazil, PADDD
Abstract: International audience; Protected areas (PAs) are a widely used strategy for conserving forests and ecosystem services. When PAs succeed in deterring economic activities that degrade forests, the impacts include more forest yet less economic gain. These economic opportunity costs of conservation lead actors with economic interests to resist new PAs, driving their sites away from profitable market centers and towards areas featuring lower opportunity costs. Further, after PAs are created, economic actors may want PA downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement (collectively PADDD). We examine reductions in PAs' spatial extent – downsizings (partial erasures) and degazettements (complete erasures) − that presumably reduce protection. Using data for the entire Brazilian Amazon from PADDDtracker.org, our empirical analyses explore whether size reductions from 2006 to 2015 resulted from bargaining between development and conservation. We find that the risks of PA size reductions are raised by: lower travel costs (as implied by distances to roads and cities), which affect economic gains and enforcement; greater PA size, which affects enforcement; and more prior internal deforestation, which lowers the impacts of size reductions. These dynamics of protection offer insights on the potentially conflicting factors that lead to PA size reductions, with implications for policymaking to enhance PA effectiveness and permanence.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

29. Defining the stock structures of key commercial tunas in the Pacific Ocean II: Sampling considerations and future directions

Author: Don Bromhead, Neville Smith, Ciro Rico, Ahsley J. Williams, Simon J. Nicol, Brian Stockwell, Anne Lorrain, Robert Scott, N. Bardley Phillip, Thomas Peatman, Janice Natasha, Peter M. Grewe, Campbell R. Davies, Mark Fitchett, John R. Hyde, Carlo Pecoraro, Sangaa Clark, Jessica H. Farley, Caroline Sanchez, John M. Hampton, Amandine D. Marie, Jed I. Macdonald, Karen Evans, Graham M. Pilling, Thomas Usu, Joe Scutt Phillips, Laura Tremblay-Boyer, Pablo Obregon, Ueta Faasili, Tim Adams, Johann D. Bell, Bruno Leroy, Carolina V. Minte-Vera, Mark Bigler, Bradley R. Moore, Antony Lewis, Valerie Allain, National Institute of Water and Atmosphere Research [Nelson] (NIWA), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Pacific community (SPC), University of Wollongong [Australia], CSIRO Marine and Atmosphere Research [Hobart], Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC), University of the South Pacific (USP), University of Canberra, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucia [Cádiz, Espagne] (ICMAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), James Cook University (JCU), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Hobart] (IMAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, World Bank Group, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Conservation International, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Skipjack tuna, Yellowfin tuna, reproductive-biology, Stock assessment, Movement, Spatial dynamics, skipjack tuna, Bigeye tuna, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, otolith chemistry, Fisheries management, south-pacific, Stock structure, 14. Life underwater, Stock (geology), population connectivity, Pacific Ocean, biology, Albacore, Tuna, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, fish otoliths, yellowfin tuna, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, Fishery, Geography, 040102 fisheries, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, katsuwonus-pelamis, bigeye tuna, thunnus-alalunga
Abstract: Delineating the stock structure of highly-mobile, wide-ranging fishes subject to exploitation is a challenging task, yet one that is fundamental to optimal fisheries management. A case in point are stocks of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) and albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) in the Pacific Ocean, which support important commercial, artisanal, subsistence, and recreational fisheries, and contribute roughly 70 % of global commercial tuna catches. Although some spatial and temporal structuring is recognised within these stocks, growing evidence from a range of approaches suggests that the stock structure of each tuna species is more complex than is currently assumed in both stock assessment and climate change models, and in management regimes. In a move towards improving understanding of the stock structure of skipjack, yellowfin, bigeye and South Pacific albacore tunas in the Pacific Ocean, an international workshop was held in Nouméa, New Caledonia, in October 2018 to review knowledge about their movement and stock structure in the region, define and discuss the main knowledge gaps and uncertainties concerning their stock structure, and develop biological sampling approaches to support the provision of this information. Here, we synthesise the discussions of this latter component. For each tuna species, we identify several general sampling considerations needed to reduce uncertainty, including i) the need for broadscale sampling in space, ideally covering each species’ distribution, targeting adults in spawning condition and adopting a phased approach; ii) the need for temporally-repeated sampling of the same geographical areas to assess stability in observed patterns over time; iii) the need to resolve patterns in spatial dynamics, such as those resulting from movements associated with the seasonal extensions of poleward flowing currents, from underlying stock structure, iv) the importance of adopting a multidisciplinary approach to stock identification, and v) the need for careful planning of logistics and coordination of sampling efforts across agencies. Finally, we present potential sampling designs that could be adopted to help overcome uncertainties around the initial identification of stocks and the provenance, mixing and proportional contributions of individuals in harvested assemblages, as well as how these uncertainties could be accounted for in fisheries management via the use of management strategy evaluation., Funding support for the workshop was provided by Conservation International as part of the GEF-funded, World Bank-implemented Ocean Partnerships for sustainable fisheries and biodiversity conservation (OPP), a sub-project of the Common Oceans ABNJ Program led by UN-FAO.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

30. Measuring canopy loss and climatic thresholds from an extreme drought along a fivefold precipitation gradient across Texas

Author: Robert B. Jackson, Jennifer J. Swenson, Jean-Christophe Domec, Daniel M. Johnson, Amanda M. Schwantes, Mariano González-Roglich, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University [Durham], Conservation International, Department of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho [Moscow, USA], Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), and Stanford University
Subjects: random forests, 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Vapour Pressure Deficit, Rain, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Climate change, Woodland, Forests, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Shrubland, Quercus, forest die-off, Evapotranspiration, Environmental Chemistry, Precipitation, change detection, extreme event, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, disturbance, Hydrology, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, vapor pressure deficit, Temperature, 15. Life on land, Pinus, Texas, Droughts, climate change, 13. Climate action, Juniperus, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, tree mortality, Environmental science, Seasons, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Globally, trees are increasingly dying from extreme drought, a trend that is expected to increase with climate change. Loss of trees has significant ecological, biophysical, and biogeochemical consequences. In 2011, a record drought caused widespread tree mortality in Texas. Using remotely sensed imagery, we quantified canopy loss during and after the drought across the state at 30-m spatial resolution, from the eastern pine/hardwood forests to the western shrublands, a region that includes the boundaries of many species ranges. Canopy loss observations in ~200 multitemporal fine-scale orthophotos (1-m) were used to train coarser Landsat imagery (30-m) to create 30-m binary statewide canopy loss maps. We found that canopy loss occurred across all major ecoregions of Texas, with an average loss of 9.5%. The drought had the highest impact in post oak woodlands, pinyon-juniper shrublands and Ashe juniper woodlands. Focusing on a 100-km by ~1,000-km transect spanning the State's fivefold east-west precipitation gradient (~1,500 to ~300 mm), we compared spatially explicit 2011 climatic anomalies to our canopy loss maps. Much of the canopy loss occurred in areas that passed specific climatic thresholds: warm season anomalies in mean temperature (+1.6°C) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD, +0.66 kPa), annual percent deviation in precipitation (-38%), and 2011 difference between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (-1,206 mm). Although similarly low precipitation occurred during the landmark 1950s drought, the VPD and temperature anomalies observed in 2011 were even greater. Furthermore, future climate data under the representative concentration pathway 8.5 trajectory project that average values will surpass the 2011 VPD anomaly during the 2070-2099 period and the temperature anomaly during the 2040-2099 period. Identifying vulnerable ecological systems to drought stress and climate thresholds associated with canopy loss will aid in predicting how forests will respond to a changing climate and how ecological landscapes will change in the near term.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

31. Effects of shade, altitude and management on multiple ecosystem services in coffee agroecosystems

Author: Philippe Tixier, Celia A. Harvey, Jean-Noël Aubertot, Jacques Avelino, Charlie Mathiot, Christian Gary, Eugénie Clement, Clémentine Allinne, Rolando Cerda, Louise Krolczyk, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Program of Sustainable Agriculture and Agroforestry, Centro Agronomico Tropical de Investigacion y Ensenanza (CATIE), Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Conservation International, AgroParisTech, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultura = Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA), CASCADE project 'Ecosystem-based Adaptation for Smallholder Subsistence and Coffee Farming Communities in Central America' - International Climate Initiative (ICI), German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Agroecosystem, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, Arbre d'ombrage, Biodiversity, Coffea, Plant Science, Agroforesterie, 01 natural sciences, agroforestry, Ecosystem services, coffee yields, 2. Zero hunger, Ecosystem health, Agroforestry, soil fertility, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Livelihood, Natural resource, séquestration du carbone, Rendement des cultures, pests and diseases, Ecosystem management, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Biodiversité, Soil Science, gestion des ressources naturelles, GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, Fertilité du sol, disservices, incomes, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 15. Life on land, Résistance aux maladies, carbon sequestration, K10 - Production forestière, services écosystémiques, Ombrage, trade-offs, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Résistance aux organismes nuisibles, Business, Agronomy and Crop Science, Cropping
Abstract: International audience; Agroforestry systems provide diverse ecosystem services that contribute to farmer livelihoods and the conservation of natural resources. Despite these known benefits, there is still limited understanding on how shade trees affect the provision of multiple ecosystem services at the same time and the potential trade-offs or synergies among them. To fill this knowledge gap, we quantified four major ecosystem services (regulation of pests and diseases; provisioning of agroforestry products; maintenance of soil fertility; and carbon sequestration) in 69 coffee agroecosystems belonging to smallholder farmers under a range of altitudes (as representative of environmental conditions) and management conditions, in the region of Turrialba, Costa Rica. We first analyzed the individual effects of altitude, types of shade and management intensity and their interactions on the provision of ecosystem services. In order to identify potential trade-offs and synergies, we then analyzed bivariate relationships between different ecosystem services, and between individual ecosystem services and plant biodiversity. We also explored which types of shade provided better levels of ecosystem services. The effectiveness of different types of shade in providing ecosystem services depended on their interactions with altitude and coffee management, with different ecosystem services responding differently to these factors. No trade-offs were found among the different ecosystem services studied or between ecosystem services and biodiversity, suggesting that it is possible to increase the provision of multiple ecosystem services at the same time. Overall, both low and highly diversified coffee agroforestry systems had better ability to provide ecosystem services than coffee monocultures in full sun. Based on our findings, we suggest that coffee agroforestry systems should be designed with diversified, productive shade canopies and managed with a medium intensity of cropping practices, with the aim of ensuring the continued provision of multiple ecosystem services.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

32. Can trees replace the need for wallowing in river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in the tropics? Preliminary results

Author: Galloso Hernández, Maykel Andrés, Rodriguez- Estevez, Vicente, Simon-Guelmes, Leonel, Soca-Pérez, Mildrey, Alvarez-Diaz, Carlos Armando, Dublin, Devon, González García, Eliel, Animal Production, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University, Estación Experimental de Pastos y Forrajes 'Indio Hatuey', Universidad Técnica de Machala, Conservation International, Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux (UMR SELMET), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], behavior, buffaloes, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, [INFO] Computer Science [cs], silvopastoral systems, thermorregulatory behavior, animal welfare, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: National audience; The production systems of river buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) are receiving increasing atten- tion in the tropics. The incorporation of trees in pastures (silvopastoral systems) can improve production conditions and animal welfare. The objective of this study was to characterize the behavior of buffaloes in a silvopastoral (SP) system with Leucahena Leucocephala 600 trees per hectare and a system without trees (WT), at the heavy rain (HR) period and the light rain (LR) period in Cuba, in order to assess whether the inclusion of trees in pastures affects buffa- loes thermorregulatory behavior, the following activities were recorded observing 9 animals of 90 kg for 12 days during the daylight period, between 6:00-18:00 hours, at 10 minute intervals: grazing, ingestion from the tree leaves, rumination, water intake, walking, lying, standing, positioned in the shade of trees and wallowing. The sum of positioned in the shade of trees+ wallowing was considered as thermorregulatory behavior (TB) was diferent in both systems and season (P
Published: 2019

33. Coffee agroforestry systems that reduce crop losses due to pests and diseases, while providing ecosystem services

Author: Cerda, Rolando, Allinne, Clémentine, Gary, Christian, Tixier, Philippe, Harvey, Celia A., Avelino, Jacques, Centro Agronomico Tropical de Investigacion y Enseñanza (CATIE), Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and Conservation International
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, carbon, design, Arbre d'ombrage, Agroforesterie, yield, H10 - Ravageurs des plantes, K10 - Production forestière, Protection des plantes, services écosystémiques, soil, shade, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, H20 - Maladies des plantes
Abstract: Crop losses caused by pests and diseases threaten the food security and income of thousands of families worldwide. In Latin America and the Caribbean, coffee losses have caused severe crises since 2012. Most of coffee farmers manage diverse types of coffee agroforestry systems (CAF); therefore, it is important to know: what shade canopy and management characteristics are able to reduce coffee losses due to pests and diseases, but also provide other ecosystem services such as provisioning, maintenance of soil fertility and carbon sequestration? We worked with two-year data of 61 coffee plots in Costa Rica: firstly, we estimated primary yield losses and secondary yield losses; secondly, we assessed the relationships (trade-offs) between yield losses and indicators of the other ecosystem services; finally, we identified the CAF which had the lowest losses and provided high levels of agroforestry products, soil fertility and carbon sequestration. We identified six CAF as the most promising ones for reducing losses while providing other ecosystem services. One of these systems was a simple CAF; three were medium diversified CAF; and two were highly diversified and dense CAF. For each of these CAF, we described the structure and compo-sition of their shade canopies, management and costs, and the levels of ecosystem services they provide (see Figure). The six CAF represent different options to offer for the design of new CAF or re-design of old and/or unproductive CAF.
Published: 2019

34. Top 100 research questions for biodiversity conservation in Southeast Asia

Author: Janice Ser Huay Lee, Peter A. Todd, Erik Meijaard, Wolfram Dressler, Susan Page, Benjamin P. Y.-H. Lee, Mary Rose C. Posa, Damayanti Buchori, S. T. Vo, Eleanor M. Slade, Zeehan Jaafar, Beria Leimona, J. L. Coleman, Madhu Rao, Alice C. Hughes, Matthew Linkie, Lian Pin Koh, Syed Ajijur Rahman, T. E. E. dela Cruz, P. Parolin, Tien Ming Lee, Xingli Giam, A. Olsson, Luke Gibson, James Reed, Daniel A. Friess, Edward L. Webb, Kwek Yan Chong, Anuj Jain, David Taylor, Luis R. Carrasco, Anthony J. Lynam, M. Leggett, Graham W. Prescott, Charles M. Francis, David Bickford, Alan D. Ziegler, Gopalasamy Reuben Clements, Puay Yok Tan, John S. Ascher, Daniel R. Richards, David Edwards, Danwei Huang, Ryan A. Chisholm, A. Cabanban, Enoka P. Kudavidanage, Robert Steinmetz, Vincent Nijman, Matthew Scott Luskin, Kelvin S.-H. Peh, Patrick Christie, Sorain J. Ramchunder, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore (NUS), University of La Verne, Bogor Agricultural University - IPB (INDONESIA), Wetlands International, Partenaires INRAE, University of Washington [Seattle], Sunway University, University of Santo Tomas, University of Melbourne, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield [Sheffield], Environment and Climate Change Canada, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUST), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), BirdLife International, Conservation International, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Tropical Ecosystem Research Network (TERN), National Parks Board, Asian School of the Environment (ASE), Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], School of life sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), World Agroforestry Center [CGIAR, Indonésie] (ICRAF), World Agroforestry Center [CGIAR, Kenya] (ICRAF), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), World Agroforestry Centre, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Wildlife Conservation Society, Borneo Futures, Oxford Brookes University, University of Leicester, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Department of Geography, Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), FCL, Singapore-ETH Centre, Singapore, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, World Wide Fund (WWF), Vietnamese Academy of Sciences and Technology, and Asian School of the Environment
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Conservation Biology, Expert Elicitation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biodiversity, Geology [Science], Expert elicitation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 12. Responsible consumption, Ecosystem services, Deforestation, 11. Sustainability, Environmental planning, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Research priorities, 2. Zero hunger, Sustainable development, Human Dimension, Conservation biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Extinction, 15. Life on land, Sustainability, 13. Climate action, Threatened species, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: Southeast (SE) Asia holds high regional biodiversity and endemism levels but is also one of the world's most threatened regions. Local, regional and global threats could have severe consequences for the future survival of many species and the provision of ecosystem services. In the face of myriad pressing environmental problems, we carried out a research prioritisation exercise involving 64 experts whose research relates to conservation biology and sustainability in SE Asia. Experts proposed the most pressing research questions which, if answered, would advance the goals of biodiversity conservation and sustainable development in SE Asia. We received a total of 333 questions through three rounds of elicitation, ranked them (by votes) following a workshop and grouped them into themes. The top 100 questions depict SE Asia as a region where strong pressures on biodiversity interact in complex and poorly understood ways. They point to a lack of information about multiple facets of the environment, while exposing the many threats to biodiversity and human wellbeing. The themes that emerged indicate the need to evaluate specific drivers of biodiversity loss (wildlife harvesting, agricultural expansion, climate change, infrastructure development, pollution) and even to identify which species and habitats are most at risk. They also suggest the need to study the effectiveness of practice-based solutions (protected areas, ecological restoration), the human dimension (social interventions, organisational systems and processes and, the impacts of biodiversity loss and conservation interventions on people). Finally, they highlight gaps in fundamental knowledge of ecosystem function. These 100 questions should help prioritise and coordinate research, conservation, education and outreach activities and the distribution of scarce conservation resources in SE Asia. Accepted version The workshop was funded by a generous donation from Haiyi Holdings Pte Ltd. to the Department of Biological Sciences of the National University of Singapore.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

35. Annual cycle of bats in a cave of Jebel Errwa, a sub-desert zone of central Tunisia

Author: Ridha Dalhoumi, Stéphane Aulagnier, Patricia Aissa, Hamouda Beyrem, Université de Carthage - University of Carthage, Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Bat Conservation International, and Eurobats
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, geography, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], geography.geographical_feature_category, Desert (philosophy), Ecology, 010607 zoology, northwest Africa, Biology, Nocturnal, Annual cycle, protection, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Cave, Chiroptera, cave, Animal Science and Zoology, nursery, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; Bat use of the "Bat cave" of Jebel Errwa (central Tunisia) was studied over one year. A maximum of 650 bats were found during diurnal and nocturnal surveys. Maximum activity at emergence was reported in late spring and early summer when the cave was occupied by nurseries of Myotis punicus, Rhinolophus euryale, Rhinolophus mehelyi and Miniopterus schreibersii. Females gave birth in May in the largest, moistest and coolest room of the roost; young started to fly in June and left the cave in August. Despite frequent disturbance by visitors, "Bat Cave" of Jebel Errwa is one of the most important underground sites in central Tunisia and should be protected.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

36. Coffee agroforestry systems capable of reducing disease-induced yield and economic losses while providing multiple ecosystem services

Author: Philippe Tixier, Jacques Avelino, Rolando Cerda, Christian Gary, Celia A. Harvey, Clémentine Allinne, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza - Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE), Bioagresseurs, analyse et maîtrise du risque (UPR Bioagresseurs), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Instituto Interamericano de Ciencias Agricolas (IICA), Conservation International, Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Fonctionnement écologique et gestion durable des agrosystèmes bananiers et ananas (UR GECO), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), and This research was supported by the CASCADE project Ecosystem-Based Adaptation for Smallholder Subsistence and Coffee Farming Communities in Central America, funded by the International Climate Initiative (ICI). The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag. This research is also a product of a study grant implemented by the 'Agence inter-.établissements de recherche pour le d.eveloppement' (AIRD) on behalf of the 'Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le d.eveloppement' (CIRAD).
Subjects: Carbon sequestration, Trade-offs, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 0106 biological sciences, Agroecosystem, Design, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Biodiversity, Coffea, Agroforesterie, Biology, Soil fertility, 01 natural sciences, Primary losses, Ecosystem services, Fertilité du sol, Perte de récolte, H20 - Maladies des plantes, 2. Zero hunger, Service (business), Pertes économiques, Agroforestry, Contrôle de maladies, 15. Life on land, Livelihood, H10 - Ravageurs des plantes, services écosystémiques, séquestration du carbone, 010602 entomology, Secondary losses, Agronomy and Crop Science, Cropping, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Crop losses caused by pests and diseases decrease the incomes and threaten the livelihoods of thousands of families worldwide. A good example of the magnitude of these impacts are the massive crop losses experienced by coffee farmers in Central America due to coffee leaf rust. Coffee farmers need agroecosystems that are capable of regulating the negative impacts of pests and diseases while providing other ecosystem services on which their households and society depend. In this study, we aimed to identify the most promising coffee agroforestry systems for regulating diseases and ensuring the provision of other ecosystem services. During two years, in a research network of 61 coffee plots under a wide variety of shade and management conditions in Turrialba, Costa Rica, we quantified primary and secondary coffee losses (yield and economic losses) and indicators of three other ecosystem services: provisioning of agroforestry products (bananas, plantains, other fruits, and timber), maintenance of soil fertility and carbon sequestration. We then performed an analysis of the relationships between losses and ecosystem service indicators. Based on the results of relationships and on three criteria, we identified the coffee agroforestry systems that had the lowest losses due to diseases and that provided desirable levels of agroforestry products, soil fertility and carbon sequestration. We found multiple significant relationships between losses and ecosystem services (including both tradeoffs and synergies) which allowed us to derive recommendations for better management strategies to reduce yield losses. We identified six coffee agroforestry systems (CAFs) as the most promising ones for reducing losses while simultaneously providing other ecosystem services. One of these CAFs was a simple agroforestry system (dominated by service trees), three were medium diversified CAFs and two were highly diversified CAFs (systems including service trees, timber trees, fruit trees and musaceas). The six CAFS differed in their cropping practices and farmer profitability objectives. The six CAFs offer several options for the design of new coffee plantations or for the transformation of existing plantations. Several of this promising CAFs use little fungicides, which is an indicator that the reduction of chemical inputs could be possible. Our results suggest that the regulation of diseases and associated losses in agroforestry systems should be based on, and take advantage of, the positive effects of plant biodiversity, adequate shade cover, good soil fertility, and minimal use of fungicides.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

37. SETTING THE SCENE

Author: Mariteuw Diaw, Luis Tito de Morais, Khaled Harhash, Luciano Andriamaro, Emma Archer, Nnyaladzi Batisani, Thomas Bornman, Athanasius Nkwatoh, Christopher Golden, Yousria Hamed, Philip Ivey, Sarah Lindley, Kalemani Mulongoy, Chioma Onyige, Matlhola, Dimpho M., Dyhia Belhabib, African Model Forests Network (AMFN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministry of Environment,· Biodiversity Department, Conservation International, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research [Cape Town] (CSIR), Ministery of Science and Technology, University of Botswana, South African Environmental Observation Network [Pretoria] (SAEON), University of Buéa, Wildlife Conservation Society, Wildlife Conservation Sociecy, Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA), South African National Biodiversity Institute, University of Manchester [Manchester], Institute for Enhanced Livelihoods (IEL), University of Port Harcourt, Okavango Research Institute, University of British Columbia (UBC), IPBES, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Tito de Morais, Luis
Subjects: [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Chapter published in The IPBES regional assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services for Africa, pp. 1-76; International audience
Published: 2018

38. Vulnerability and adaptation of US shellfisheries to ocean acidification

Author: Dan Rittschof, Carolyn Doherty, Ruben van Hooidonk, Lisa Suatoni, Chris Langdon, Josh E. Cinner, Linwood Pendleton, Dwight K. Gledhill, Rosimeiry Portela, Sarah R. Cooley, Katharine F. Wellman, Luke Brander, George G. Waldbusser, Michael W. Beck, Jessica Ritter, Peter E. T. Edwards, Julia A. Ekstrom, Ocean conservancy Washington, Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University [Durham], College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Corvallis] (CEOAS), Oregon State University (OSU), ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies (CoralCoE), James Cook University (JCU), Duke University Marine Laboratory, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami [Coral Gables], NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), The Nature Conservancy, Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), National Ocean Service (NOS), Conservation International, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and VU University Amsterdam
Subjects: Vulnerability, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Biology, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Acidification, Vulnerability assessment, Stakeholder, Policy making, 14. Life underwater, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, Adaptive management, Marine environment, Shellfish, Scope (project management), business.industry, Environmental resource management, Global change, Ocean acidification, 15. Life on land, United States, Earth system science, Carbon dioxide, Mollusca, 13. Climate action, Scale (social sciences), Sustainability, business, Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract: cited By 56; International audience; Ocean acidification is a global, long-term problem whose ultimate solution requires carbon dioxide reduction at a scope and scale that will take decades to accomplish successfully. Until that is achieved, feasible and locally relevant adaptation and mitigation measures are needed. To help to prioritize societal responses to ocean acidification, we present a spatially explicit, multidisciplinary vulnerability analysis of coastal human communities in the United States. We focus our analysis on shelled mollusc harvests, which are likely to be harmed by ocean acidification. Our results highlight US regions most vulnerable to ocean acidification (and why), important knowledge and information gaps, and opportunities to adapt through local actions. The research illustrates the benefits of integrating natural and social sciences to identify actions and other opportunities while policy, stakeholders and scientists are still in relatively early stages of developing research plans and responses to ocean acidification.
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

39. A new genus for the eastern dwarf galagos (Primates: Galagidae)

Author: Colin P. Groves, Fabien Génin, Judith C. Masters, Massimiliano Delpero, Stephen D. Nash, Sébastien Couette, Luca Pozzi, African Primate Initiative for Ecology and Speciation, University of Fort Hare, Earth Systems Science Research Institute, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University [Port Elizabeth, South Africa], Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Paléobiodiversité et Evolution (PALEVO), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University (ANU), Conservation International, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi - Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center - Deutsches Primatenzentrum -- Leibniz Insitute for Primate Research -- [Göttingen, Allemagne] (GPC - DPZ)-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Department of Anthropology, The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), Project funded primarily by National Research Foundation grants 93924 and 92541 and 90772, grant number GB-TAF 4120 awarded by the Synthesys Program, and an ABIC grant awarded by the Royal Museum for Central Africa through a Framework Agreement with the Belgian Development Co-operation., Africa Earth Observatory Network, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University [Port Elizabeth, South Africa]-Earth Systems Science Research Institute, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Paléobiodiversité et Evolution ( PALEVO ), École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ), Australian National University ( ANU ), Università degli studi di Torino ( UNITO ), German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, and The University of Texas at San Antonio ( UTSA )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Anthropology, Biogeography, bushbaby, Bushbaby, Biogeography, Craniodental morphometrics, Galagoides, Paragalago, Molecular phylogeny, Vocalisations, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Framework agreement, 03 medical and health sciences, Genus, Galagoides, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biogeography, molecular phylogeny, [ SDV.BID ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, vocalizations, Ecology, craniodental morphometrics, Central africa, Paragalago, 030104 developmental biology, Molecular phylogenetics, Animal Science and Zoology, Vocalisations
Abstract: 13 pages; International audience; The family Galagidae (African galagos or bushbabies) comprises five genera: EuoticusGray, 1872; GalagoGeoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1796; GalagoidesSmith, 1833; OtolemurCoquerel, 1859; and SciurocheirusGray, 1872, none of which is regarded as monotypic, but some (Euoticus and Otolemur) certainly qualify as oligotypic. We argue for the recognition of a sixth genus, if the taxonomy is to reflect galagid evolution accurately. Genetic evidence has consistently demonstrated that the taxa currently referred to the genus Galagoides are not monophyletic but form two clades (a western and an eastern clade) that do not share an exclusive common ancestor; we review 20 years of genetic studies that corroborate this conclusion. Further, we compare vocalizations emitted by small-bodied galagids with proposed phylogenetic relationships and demonstrate congruence between these data sets. Morphological evidence, however, is not entirely congruent with genetic reconstructions; parallel dwarfing in the two clades has led to convergences in skull size and shape that have complicated the classification of the smaller species. We present a craniodental morphometric analysis of small-bodied galagid genera that identifies distinguishing characters for the genera and supports our proposal that five taxa currently subsumed under Galagoides (Galagoides cocos, Galagoides granti, Galagoides orinus, Galagoides rondoensis and Galagoides zanzibaricus) be placed in their own genus, for which we propose the name Paragalago.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

40. Diagnóstico geoambiental da microbacia do rio Una, Sul da Bahia: morfometria, vegetação e uso do soloGeoenvironmental diagnostic of microwatershed Una river, South of Bahia: morphometry, vegetation and land use

Author: Mattos, Jonatas Batista, Falcão Filho, Cézar Augusto Teixeira, Santos, Débora Alves, De Paula, Francisco Carlos Fernandes, Fundação Boticário para a Preservação da Natureza (FBCN), Conservation International do Brasil (CI-Brasil), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), and CNPq, através do Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia TMCOcean.
Subjects: PARNA Serra das Lontras, RapidEye, Buerarema, Geografia, Ambiental
Abstract: Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar a atual condição físico-ambiental da microbacia do rio Una, localizada entre os municípios de Arataca, São José da Vitória e Una, Sul da Bahia. Para alcançar tal objetivo optou-se por um diagnóstico geoambiental feito através da mensuração da morfometria fluvial da microbacia e da classificação dos tipos de cobertura vegetal e uso do solo. O levantamento morfométrico foi feito através do geoprocessamento com o uso de dados espaciais, lineares e hipsométricos da microbacia, obtidos por campanhas de campo e sensoriamento remoto. O mapeamento de cobertura vegetal e uso do solo baseou-se em testes de processamento digital de imagens dos satélites RapidEye (2010) na estrutura SIG, e na vetorização de classes a partir de interpretação visual e dados de campo. Os resultados indicam que a microbacia é levemente alongada, de declividade forte ondulada, com uma hidrografia de baixa a média densidade, tipologia litológica de baixa porosidade e padrão de drenagem dendrítico arborescente. A microbacia é composta por uma cobertura vegetal densa de floresta e agrofloresta, ocupando juntas 94% da área. As dinâmicas hidrogeomorfológicas locais definem o padrão de uso do solo e cobertura vegetal, sendo que o potencial de uso identificado se restringe a preservação em troca de um serviço ambiental de alto valor fornecido pela microbacia, que é a produção de água.Abstract This paper aims to identify the current physical and environmental conditions of the Una River microwatershed located between the municipalities of Arataca, São José da Vitória and Una, South of Bahia. To achieve this objective, it was decided by a geoenvironmental diagnostics made through measurement of fluvial morphometry of the microwatershed and the classification of types of vegetation and land use. The morphometric survey was conducted through Geoprocessing using spatial data, linear and hypsometric of microwatershed obtained by field surveys and remote sensing. The mapping of vegetation cover and land use was based on digital processing tests of images of RapidEye (2010) satellites in the GIS structure and classes vectoring from visual interpretation and field data. The results indicate that the microwatershed is slightly elongated, strong corrugated slope with a hydrographic of low and medium density, low porosity lithologic type and arborescent dendritic drainage standard. The microwatershed is comprised of a dense vegetation cover of primary forest and agroforestry systems, occupying about 94% of the area. The dynamic hydro geomorphological define the standard of land use and vegetation cover, whereas the potential use identified to be the preserve in exchange of an environmental service of high value provided by microwatershed, which is the produced water.
Published: 2017

41. Bats of Jebel Mghilla National Park (central Tunisia): first survey and habitat-related activity

Author: Stéphane Aulagnier, Ridha Dalhoumi, Patricia Aissa, Amor Hedfi, Laboratoire de Bio-surveillance de l'Environnement (LBE), Université de Carthage - University of Carthage, Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Bat Conservation International and Eurobats
Subjects: tadarida-teniotis, Tunisia, chiroptera, Myotis punicus, Rhinolophus hipposideros, captures, Pipistrellus kuhlii, desert, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, morphometrics, biology, Ecology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Myotis emarginatus, vespertilionidae, echolocation calls, conservation, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Tadarida teniotis, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, frequency, protected area, identification, community, Hypsugo savii, Animal Science and Zoology, Rhinolophus blasii
Abstract: International audience; We surveyed the bat fauna of the Jebel Mghilla National Park (central Tunisia) in the five main habitats from the lowland to the summit: cultivated area, open juniper (Juniperus spp.) forest, Stipa tenacessima steppe, open and dense forest of Pinus halepensis, with a special emphasis on water bodies. We mist-netted three bat species: Eptesicus isabellinus, Myotis emarginatus and Myotis punicus. We also identified echolocation calls of Rhinolophus blasii, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rhinolophus hipposideros, Tadarida teniotis, Miniopterus schreibersii, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Plecotus gaisleri and Hypsugo savii. Pipistrellus kuhlii and E. isabellinus were the most active and widely distributed species. The bat fauna was richer in the dense and open pine forest than in cultivated area and open juniper forest, but water bodies are also very attractive for bats.
Published: 2014
Full Text: View/download PDF

42. The Stein Birch-Bark collection in Oxford: thirty years of developing treatment options for our most fragile manuscripts

Author: Gilroy, N and Conservation, International Council of Museums (ICOM) Committee for
Subjects: Archeology, Asia, Literatures of other languages, Library & information science, Sanskrit, Religions of the Indian subcontinent
Abstract: Treatments for making birch-bark safe to handle range from the minimal to the extremely interventive. The choice of treatment for any object of historical or cultural significance must reflect its artifactual value, uniqueness and the accessibility of the information it holds; this is especially the case with birch-bark as most treatments are difficult or impossible to reverse. In this paper I discuss the treatments used over several decades by institutions both in Europe and Asia, and evaluate the appropriateness of these options for the manuscripts at the Bodleian Library in Oxford. I discuss the development of treatments and changing approaches over the years, and describe the technique I chose for minor repairs, demonstrating that levels of access must determine the choice of treatment.
Published: 2016

43. Bat species richness and activity in Bou Hedma National Park (central Tunisia)

Author: Stéphane Aulagnier, Ridha Dalhoumi, Patricia Aissa, Laboratory of Environmental Biomonitoring, Bizerte Faculty of Science, Université de Carthage - University of Carthage, Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), EUROBATS Project Initiative, and Bat Conservation International (BCI)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, National park, Ecology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 010607 zoology, acacia forest, seasonal activity, 15. Life on land, Mediterranean, Saharan, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, water body, Geography, arid area, Chiroptera, Chiroptera,arid area,water body,acacia forest,seasonal activity,Mediterranean,Saharan, Animal Science and Zoology, Species richness
Abstract: In order to investigate the likely contact of the Mediterranean and Saharan faunas, we surveyed bats in six different habitats of Bou Hedma National Park for 1 year. We sampled bats monthly by mist-netting and echolocation call detection at two basins, Bordj and Nouh, the Bou Hedma wadi, and open and dense acacia forest and steppe. We identified 13 species, among which Pipistrellus kuhlii, Eptesicus isabellinus, and Miniopterus schreibersii were the most abundant and frequent, followed by Tadarida teniotis, Plecotus gaisleri, and two Saharan species, Rhinopoma cystops and Otonycteris hemprichii. We also rarely recorded four rhinolophids: Rhinolophus euryale, R. ferrumequinum, R. hipposideros, and R. mehelyi. Bat activity was recorded throughout the year in the six habitats, water bodies being more attractive than dry habitats for both Mediterranean and Saharan taxa. The wadi was the preferred habitat of R. cystops, T. teniotis, and O. hemprichii. The open acacia forest was attractive only during the flowering season. Species richness and bat activity peaked in late spring and reached the lowest values, but was still present, during winter.
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

44. Spatial and temporal variation in species-area relationships in the Fynbos biological hotspot

Author: Guy F. Midgley, Paul H. Williams, Lee Hannah, Lisa L. Manne, Tony Rebelo, Wilfried Thuiller, Biological Sciences, University of Toronto [Scarborough, Canada], The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), South African National Biodiversity Institute, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Center for Applied Biodiversity Conservation, and Conservation International
Subjects: curves, 0106 biological sciences, distributions, Biodiversity, Climate change, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, diversity, models, patterns, 14. Life underwater, dispersal, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biodiversity, Cape floristic region, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Extinction, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, plant diversity, Habitat destruction, Geography, Habitat, climate-change, Biological dispersal, Spatial variability, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, logistic-regression, Global biodiversity
Abstract: International audience; Species-area relations (SARs) are among the few recognized general patterns of ecology, are empirical relations giving the number of species found within an area of a given size and were initially formulated for island environments. The use of SARs has been extended to mainland environments, and to give baseline estimates of extinction rates attending habitat loss. Using current species distributions based on atlas data, we examined the spatial variation of rates of species accumulation and species-area curves for Proteaceae species for all one-minute by one-minute areas within the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. We compared SARs for current distributions to those generated from modeled future Protea distributions following climate change. Within one biome and for two different scales, there exists a very large spatial variation in turnover rates for current Proteaceae distributions, and we show that these rates will not remain constant as climate warming progresses. As climate changes in coming years, some areas will gain species due to migration, as other areas lose species, and still other areas maintain current rates of species accumulation/turnover. Both current and future distributions show highly variable rates of species accumulation across the landscape. This means that an average species-area relationship will hide a very large interval of variation among SARs, for both current and future Proteaceae distributions. The use of species-area relations to estimate species extinctions following loss of current habitat, or loss of future climatically-suitable area is likely to result in erroneous predictions.
Published: 2007
Full Text: View/download PDF

45. Ecosystem services provided by coffee agroecosystems across a range of topo-climatic conditions and management strategies

Author: Cerda, Rolando, Allinne, Clementine, Krolczyk, Louise, Mathiot, Charlie, Clément, Eugénie, Harvey, Celia A., Aubertot, Jean-Noel, TIXIER, Philippe, Gary, Christian, Avelino, Jacques, Fonctionnement et conduite des Systèmes de culture Tropicaux et Méditerranéens, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Program of Sustainable Agriculture and Agroforestry, Centro Agronomico Tropical de Investigacion y Ensenanza (CATIE), AgroParisTech, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Conservation International, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultura = Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA), European Society of Agronomy (ESA). FRA. Agropolis International, FRA., Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: SYSTEM : équipe CONSYST; National audience
Published: 2015

46. The phylogeography of the rodent genus Malacomys suggests multiple Afrotropical Pleistocene lowland forest refugia

Author: Violaine Nicolas, Jan Kennis, Pionus Katuala, Bertin Akpatou, Julian C. Kerbis Peterhans, Marc Colyn, Eliézer K. N’Goran, Raphaël Cornette, Erik Verheyen, Radim Šumbera, Kouakou Hilaire Bohoussou, Laboratoire de zoologie et biologie animale, Université de Cocody-Abidjan, Université de Cocody-Abidjan, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR), Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp (UA), University of South Bohemia, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Laboratoire de Zoologie et Biologie animale (COCODY - ZOOLOGIE ET BIOLOGIE ANIMALE), Université de Cocody, LEGERA - Université de Kisangani, Université de Kisangani, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, CIV 00070610, PNUD project, California Earthquake Authority, Vlaamse Interuniversitaire Raad, 2006, Conservation International, Action Transversale du Muséum: Taxonomie moléculaire, DNA Barcode & gestion durable des collections, ‘Service de Systématique Moléculaire’ of the MNHN, MNHN, EU-DGVIII Ecofac programme, WWF Gabon, ANR-Biodiversité IFORA, Project Ebola - Forêt de Taï (Ivory Coast), OMS Abidjan, PGRR-GFA Terra Systems (Ziama Forest, Guinea), ICA4-CT2002-10050, EU-INCO-DEV, LSHG-CT-2004-511960, VIZIER project, P506-10-0983, The GAČR, Directorat General de développement du gouvernement belge, Centre for Tropical Research (CTR), ANR-06-BDIV-0014,IFORA,Les îles forestières africaines : modèles d'une nouvelle approche de la dynamique de structuration de la biodiversité(2006), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)
Subjects: Malacomys, Range (biology), Economics, Biogeography, Allopatric speciation, Biology, Parapatric speciation, phylogeography, Climate changes, Genus, vicariance, Vicariance, dispersal, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, riverine barrier hypothesis, Ecology, tropical Africa, 15. Life on land, Phylogeography, Chemistry, forest refugia, Plio-Pleistocene, Genetic structure, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Aim This study aims to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the African rodent genus Malacomys and to identify factors driving diversification within this genus.Location African tropical lowland forest.Methods Analyses were based on sampling representatives from most of the known geographical range of the genus. We assessed genetic structure and historical biogeography using a combination of mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Morphological differences between lineages were analysed using a geometric morphometric approach.Results Three species of Malacomys are recognized within the genus. Two are endemic to West Africa, and one is endemic to Central Africa. Our analyses reveal a strong phylogeographical structure with 13 lineages, most of them allopatric or parapatric. A complex biogeographical history, including dispersal–vicariance events, explains the current genetic structure of Malacomys. Discrete divergence events within the genus are dated to the mid-Pliocene (3.7 Ma, 95% range: 2.4–5.2 Ma) and the Pleistocene (less than 1.9 Ma, with most events less than 1 Ma). Morphological variation is partly congruent with genetic structure and may indicate local adaptations.Main conclusions Climatic oscillations, which led to periodic fragmentation of the forest habitat, seem to be the major driver of diversification within this genus. Our results support the existence of multiple small, rather than a few large, forest refugia during glacial maxima. Rivers have played a significant role in shaping boundaries of several regional haplogroups, either by promoting diversification or by preventing secondary contact between previously isolated lineages.
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

47. Estimating the global conservation status of more than 15,000 Amazonian tree species

Author: Ted R. Feldpausch, Naara Ferreira da Silva, A C Gerardo Aymard, Henrique E. M. Nascimento, Milton Tirado, Egleé L. Zent, Nállarett Dávila, Ligia Estela Urrego Giraldo, Therany Gonzales, Dário Dantas do Amaral, Francisco Dallmeier, Maria Natalia Umaña Medina, William Milliken, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Rafael L. Assis, Natalia Targhetta, César I.A. Vela, Miguel Alexiades, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Henrik Balslev, Ophelia Wang, Patricio von Hildebrand, E. M. Jimenez, Rodolfo Vasquez, José Ferreira Ramos, Alfonso Alonso, Alexandre Adalardo de Oliveira, Nicolás Castaño Arboleda, Leandro Valle Ferreira, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Bruce Hoffman, Roosevelt García-Villacorta, Jean-Louis Guillaumet, Alberto Vincentini, Bruno Garcia Luize, Bruno Barçante Ladvocat Cintra, Corine Vriesendorp, José Luís Camargo, Cláudia Baider, Dairon Cárdenas López, Álvaro Javier Duque Montoya, Adriana Prieto, Natalino Silva, Juan David Cardenas Revilla, Christopher Baraloto, Walter Palacios Cuenca, Hans ter Steege, Deborah de Castro, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Fernanda Carvalho, Ademir R. Ruschell, Tinde van Andel, Maria Pires Martins, Yadvinder Malhi, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Pablo Roberto Stevenson Diaz, Eduardo Martins Venticinque, Agustín Rudas, Marisol Toledo, Luiz de Souza Coelho, Mariana Victória Irume, Terry W. Henkel, Fernanda Coelho de Souza, Peter M. Jørgensen, Ben-Hur Marimon, Juliana Stropp, Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos, Daniel Sabatier, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Elvis H. Valderrama Sandoval, James A. Comiskey, Thaise Emilio, Roderick Zagt, Gabriel Damasco, Luiz Carlos de Matos Bonates, Neidiane Farias Costa Reis, Karina Garcia-Cabrera, Lionel Hernández, Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros, William Farfan-Rios, Rodrigo Sierra, Florian Wittmann, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, William E. Magnusson, Miles R. Silman, Anthony Di Fiore, Diogenes de Andrade Lima Filho, Daniel Villarroel, Carolina Levis, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Italo Mesones, Priscila Souza, Carolina V. Castilho, Alfredo F. Fuentes, Katia Regina Casula, Jochen Schöngart, Adeilza Felipe Sampaio, Juan Fernando Phillips, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Carlos Cerón, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Flávia R. C. Costa, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, Stanford Zent, Daniela Pauletto, Emanuelle de Sousa Farias, Ana Andrade, Bonifacio Mostacedo, Juan Ernesto Guevara, Raquel Thomas-Caesar, Paul V. A. Fine, Timothy R. Baker, Carlos A. Peres, Marcelo Trindade Nascimento, Hernán Castellanos, M. P. Pansonato, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Marcelo F. Simon, Casimiro Mendoza, José Renan da Silva Guimarães, William F. Laurance, Jean-François Molino, Ángela Cano, Juliana Schietti, Edelcilio Marques Barbosa, Joost F. Duivenvoorden, Angelo Gilberto Manzatto, Luzmila Arroyo, Doug Daly, Julien Engel, Natalia de Castro, Marcos Ríos Paredes, Cid Ferreira, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Oliver L. Phillips, Marcelo de Jesus Veiga Carim, Kenneth R. Young, Pascal Petronelli, Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Ires Paula de Andrade Miranda, Timothy J. Killeen, Susamar Pansini, Paul J. M. Maas, Charles E. Zartman, Vincent A. Vos, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Rogério Gribel, Roel J. W. Brienen, Juan Carlos Montero, Hugo Mogollón, Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Duke University [Durham], Universidad de Las Américas [Ecuador] (UDLA), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal de Roraima, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Coordenac Bao de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Ecology and Global Change, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Missouri Bot Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd, Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, James Cook University (JCU), School of Geography [Leeds], Department of Integrative Biology, Bot Grad Program, Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, University of Edinburgh, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Center for Conservation Education and Sustainability, MRC 705, Box 37012, Washington, DC, VA 20013-7012, USA, Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno, Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Reprodutiva de Plantas, Department of Integrative Biology [Berkeley] (IB), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno (UAGRM), Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Humboldt State University (HSU), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Department of Botany, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Chercheur indépendant, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre for the Environment, University of Oxford [Oxford], Instituto de Medicina Tropical 'Alexander von Humboldt' (IMT AvH), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia [Bogotà] (UNAL), Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota], Geoinformática y Sistemas , Cia. Ltda (GeoIS), School of Geography, University of Oxford, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Instituto de Manejo Forestal, University of Kent [Canterbury], Royal Botanic Garden , Kew, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Missouri Botanical Garden, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), Alberta Mennega Stichting, ALCOA Suriname, Amazon Conservation Association, Banco de la Republica, CELOS Suriname, CAPES (PNPG), Conselho Nacional de Desenvovimento Cientifico e Tecnologico of Brazil (CNPq), PELD [558069/2009-6, 403792/2012-6], PRONEX-FAPEAM [1600/2006], Areas Umidas, MAUA, PPBio, PVE [004/2012], Universal [479599/2008-4, 3078072009-6], FAPEAM [DCR/2006], Hidroveg, FAPESP, PRONEX, Colciencias, CONICIT, Duke University, Ecopetrol, FEPIM [044/2003], The Field Museum, Conservation International/DC, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Guyana Forestry Commission, Investissement d'Avenir grant of the French ANR [ANR-10-LABX-0025], IVIC, Margaret Mee Amazon Trust, Miquel fonds, MCTI-Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi-Proc [407232/2013-3-PVE-MEC/MCTI/CAPES/CNPq], National Geographic Society [7754-04, 8047-06, 6679-99, 7435-03, 8481-08], NSF Dissertation Improvement, Netherlands Foundation for the Advancement of Tropical Research WOTRO [WB85-335, W84-581], Primate Conservation Inc., Programme Ecosystemes Tropicaux (French Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable Development), Shell Prospecting and Development Peru, Smithsonian Institution's Biological Diversity of the Guiana Shield Program, Stichting het van Eeden-fonds, The Body Shop, The Ministry of the Environment of Ecuador, TROBIT, Tropenbos International, U.S. National Science Foundation [NSF-0743457, NSF0101775, NSF-0918591], USAID, Variety Woods Guyana, Wenner-Gren Foundation, WWF-Brazil, WWF-Guianas, Xlleme Contrat de Plan Etat Region-Guyane (French Government and European Union), European Union, UK Natural Environment Research Council, Gordon and BettyMoore Foundation, European Research Council Advanced Grant, Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award, [NSF-0726797], University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), University of Oxford, Royal Botanic Gardens [Kew], AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Paleoecology and Landscape Ecology (IBED, FNWI), ter Steege, Hans, Hans ter Steege, Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center / Utrecht University, Nigel C. A. Pitman, The Field Museum / Duke University, Timothy J. Killeen, Agteca-Amazonica, William F. Laurance, James Cook University, Carlos A. Peres, University of East Anglia, Juan Ernesto Guevara, University of California / Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, Rafael P. Salomão, MPEG, CAROLINA VOLKMER DE CASTILHO, CPAF-RR, Iêda Leão Amaral, INPA, Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos, INPA, Luiz de Souza Coelho, INPA, William E. Magnusson, INPA, Oliver L. Phillips, University of Leeds, Diogenes de Andrade Lima Filho, INPA, Marcelo de Jesus Veiga Carim, IEPA, Mariana Victória Irume, INPA, Maria Pires Martins, INPA, Jean-François Molino, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Daniel Sabatier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Florian Wittmann, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Dairon Cárdenas López, Herbario Amazónico Colombiano, Instituto SINCHI, José Renan da Silva Guimarães, IEPA, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Percy Núñez Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Angelo Gilberto Manzatto, UFRO, Neidiane Farias Costa Reis, UFRO, John Terborgh, Duke University, Katia Regina Casula, UFRO, Juan Carlos Montero, INPA / Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Ted R. Feldpausch, University of Leeds / University of Exeter, Euridice N. Honorio Coronado, University of Leeds / Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Alvaro Javier Duque Montoya, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Charles Eugene Zartman, INPA, Bonifacio Mostacedo, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Rodolfo Vasquez, Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Rafael L. Assis, INPA, MARCELO BRILHANTE DE MEDEIROS, CENARGEN, MARCELO FRAGOMENI SIMON, CENARGEN, Ana Andrade, INPA, José Luís Camargo, INPA, Susan G. W. Laurance, James Cook University, Henrique Eduardo Mendonça Nascimento, INPA, Beatriz S. Marimon, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Ben-Hur Marimon Jr., Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Flávia Costa, INPA, Natalia Targhetta, INPA, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, MPEG, Roel Brienen, University of Leeds, Hernán Castellanos, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Joost F. Duivenvoorden, University of Amsterdam, Hugo F. Mogollón, Endangered Species Coalition, Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade, INPA, Gerardo A. Aymard C., Herbario Universitario (PORT), UNELLEZ-Guanare, James A. Comiskey, National Park Service, Gabriel Damasco, University of California, Nállarett Dávila, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Roosevelt García-Villacorta, University of Edinburgh / Royal Botanic Garden of Edinburgh, Pablo Roberto Stevenson Diaz, Universidad de los Andes, Alberto Vincentini, INPA, Thaise Emilio, INPA / Royal Botanic Gardens, Carolina Levis, INPA / University of Wageningen, Juliana Schietti, INPA, Priscila Souza, INPA, Alfonso Alonso, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Francisco Dallmeier, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Leandro Valle Ferreira, MPEG, David Neill, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Luzmila Arroyo, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Fernanda Antunes Carvalho, INPA, Fernanda Coelho Souza, INPA, Dário Dantas do Amaral, MPEG, Rogerio Gribel, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Bruno Garcia Luize, INPA, Marcelo Petrati Pansonato, INPA, Eduardo Venticinque, UFRN, Paul Fine, University of California, Marisol Toledo, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Chris Baraloto, INRA / Florida International University, Carlos Cerón, Escuela de Biología Herbario Alfredo Paredes, Universidad Central, Julien Engel, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, CNRS, Terry W. Henkel, Humboldt State University, Eliana M. Jimenez, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Amazonía, Paul Maas, Taxonomy and Systematics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, Pascal Petronelli, INRA, Juan David Cardenas Revilla, INPA, Marcos Silveira, UFAC, Juliana Stropp, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission / Federal University of Alagoas, Raquel Thomas-Caesar, Iwokrama International Programme for Rainforest Conservation, Tim R. Baker, University of Leeds, Doug Daly, New York Botanical Garden, Marcos Ríos Paredes, Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL, Naara Ferreira da Silva, INPA, Alfredo Fuentes, Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Universitario UMSA, Peter Møller Jørgensen, Missouri Botanical Garden, Jochen Schöngart, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Miles R. Silman, Wake Forest University, Nicolás Castaño Arboleda, Herbario Amazónico Colombiano, Instituto SINCHI, Bruno Barçante Ladvocat Cintra, INPA, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, Anthony Di Fiore, University of Texas at Austin, Juan Fernando Phillips, Fundación Puerto Rastrojo, Tinde R. van Andel, Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Patricio von Hildebrand, Fundación Estación de Biología, Edelcilio Marques Barbosa, INPA, Luiz Carlos de Matos Bonates, INPA, Deborah de Castro, INPA, Emanuelle de Sousa Farias, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Therany Gonzales, ACEER Foundation, Jean-Louis Guillaumet, Muséum national d’histoire naturelle de Paris, Bruce Hoffman, Amazon Conservation Team, Yadvinder Malhi, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Ires Paula de Andrade Miranda, INPA, Adriana Prieto, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Agustín Rudas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, ADEMIR ROBERTO RUSCHEL, CPATU, Natalino Silva, UFRA, César I. A. Vela, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Vincent A. Vos, Universidad Autónoma del Beni / Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado, Eglée L. Zent, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, Stanford Zent, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, Angela Cano, Universidad de los Andes, Marcelo Trindade Nascimento, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Alexandre A. Oliveira, USP, Hirma Ramirez-Angulo, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, José Ferreira Ramos, INPA, Rodrigo Sierra, GeoIS, Milton Tirado, GeoIS, Maria Natalia Umaña Medina, University of Maryland, Geertje van der Heijden, University ofWisconsin-Milwaukee, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Corine Vriesendorp, The Field Museum, Ophelia Wang, Northern Arizona University, Kenneth R. Young, University of Texas at Austin, Claudia Baider, USP / Agricultural Services, Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security, The Mauritius Herbarium, Henrik Balslev, Aarhus University, Natalia de Castro, INPA, William Farfan-Rios, Wake Forest University, Cid Ferreira, INPA, Casimiro Mendoza, FOMABO, Manejo Forestal en las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia / UniversidadMayor de San Simon, Italo Mesones, University of California, Armando Torres-Lezama, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Ligia Estela Urrego Giraldo, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Daniel Villarroel, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Roderick Zagt, Tropenbos International, Miguel N. Alexiades, University of Kent, Karina Garcia-Cabrera, Wake Forest University, Lionel Hernandez, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, William Milliken, Royal Botanic Gardens, Walter Palacios Cuenca, Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Susamar Pansini, UFRO, Daniela Pauletto, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, Universidad Nacional de laAmazonia Peruana, Adeilza Felipe Sampaio, UFRO, Elvis H. Valderrama Sandoval, Universidad Nacional de laAmazonia Peruana / University of Missouri, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Jardín Botánico de Missouri., HANS TER STEEGE, Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center / Utrecht University, NIGEL C. A. PITMAN, The Field Museum / Duke University, TIMOTHY J. KILLEEN, Agteca-Amazonica, WILLIAM F. LAURANCE, James Cook University, CARLOS A. PERES, University of East Anglia, JUAN ERNESTO GUEVARA, University of California / Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, RAFAEL P. SALOMÃO, MPEG, IÊDA LEÃO AMARAL, INPA, FRANCISCA DIONÍZIA DE ALMEIDA MATOS, INPA, LUIZ DE SOUZA COELHO, INPA, WILLIAM E. MAGNUSSON, INPA, OLIVER L. PHILLIPS, University of Leeds, DIOGENES DE ANDRADE LIMA FILHO, INPA, MARCELO DE JESUS VEIGA CARIM, IEPA, MARIANA VICTÓRIA IRUME, INPA, MARIA PIRES MARTINS, INPA, JEAN-FRANÇOIS MOLINO, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), DANIEL SABATIER, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), FLORIAN WITTMANN, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, DAIRON CÁRDENAS LÓPEZ, Herbario Amazónico Colombiano, Instituto SINCHI, JOSÉ RENAN DA SILVA GUIMARÃES, IEPA, ABEL MONTEAGUDO MENDOZA, Jardín Botánico de Missouri, PERCY NÚÑEZ VARGAS, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, ANGELO GILBERTO MANZATTO, UFRO, NEIDIANE FARIAS COSTA REIS, UFRO, JOHN TERBORGH, Duke University, KATIA REGINA CASULA, UFRO, JUAN CARLOS MONTERO, INPA / Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, TED R. FELDPAUSCH, University of Leeds / University of Exeter, EURIDICE N. HONORIO CORONADO, University of Leeds / Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, ALVARO JAVIER DUQUE MONTOYA, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, CHARLES EUGENE ZARTMAN, INPA, BONIFACIO MOSTACEDO, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, RODOLFO VASQUEZ, Jardín Botánico de Missouri, RAFAEL L. ASSIS, INPA, ANA ANDRADE, INPA, JOSÉ LUÍS CAMARGO, INPA, SUSAN G. W. LAURANCE, James Cook University, HENRIQUE EDUARDO MENDONÇA NASCIMENTO, INPA, BEATRIZ S. MARIMON, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, BEN-HUR MARIMON JR., Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, FLÁVIA COSTA, INPA, NATALIA TARGHETTA, INPA, IMA CÉLIA GUIMARÃES VIEIRA, MPEG, ROEL BRIENEN, University of Leeds, HERNÁN CASTELLANOS, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, JOOST F. DUIVENVOORDEN, University of Amsterdam, HUGO F. MOGOLLÓN, Endangered Species Coalition, MARIA TERESA FERNANDEZ PIEDADE, INPA, GERARDO A. AYMARD C., Herbario Universitario (PORT), UNELLEZ-Guanare, JAMES A. COMISKEY, National Park Service, GABRIEL DAMASCO, University of California, NÁLLARETT DÁVILA, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, ROOSEVELT GARCÍA-VILLACORTA, University of Edinburgh / Royal Botanic Garden of Edinburgh, PABLO ROBERTO STEVENSON DIAZ, Universidad de los Andes, ALBERTO VINCENTINI, INPA, THAISE EMILIO, INPA / Royal Botanic Gardens, CAROLINA LEVIS, INPA / University of Wageningen, JULIANA SCHIETTI, INPA, PRISCILA SOUZA, INPA, ALFONSO ALONSO, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, FRANCISCO DALLMEIER, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, LEANDRO VALLE FERREIRA, MPEG, DAVID NEILL, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, ALEJANDRO ARAUJO-MURAKAMI, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, LUZMILA ARROYO, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, FERNANDA ANTUNES CARVALHO, INPA, FERNANDA COELHO SOUZA, INPA, DÁRIO DANTAS DO AMARAL, MPEG, ROGERIO GRIBEL, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, BRUNO GARCIA LUIZE, INPA, MARCELO PETRATI PANSONATO, INPA, EDUARDO VENTICINQUE, UFRN, PAUL FINE, University of California, MARISOL TOLEDO, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, CHRIS BARALOTO, INRA / Florida International University, CARLOS CERÓN, Escuela de Biología Herbario Alfredo Paredes, Universidad Central, JULIEN ENGEL, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, CNRS, TERRY W. HENKEL, Humboldt State University, ELIANA M. JIMENEZ, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Amazonía, PAUL MAAS, Taxonomy and Systematics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, MARIA CRISTINA PEÑUELA MORA, Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, PASCAL PETRONELLI, INRA, JUAN DAVID CARDENAS REVILLA, INPA, MARCOS SILVEIRA, UFAC, JULIANA STROPP, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission / Federal University of Alagoas, RAQUEL THOMAS-CAESAR, Iwokrama International Programme for Rainforest Conservation, TIM R. BAKER, University of Leeds, DOUG DALY, New York Botanical Garden, MARCOS RÍOS PAREDES, Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL, NAARA FERREIRA DA SILVA, INPA, ALFREDO FUENTES, Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Universitario UMSA, PETER MØLLER JØRGENSEN, Missouri Botanical Garden, JOCHEN SCHÖNGART, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, MILES R. SILMAN, Wake Forest University, NICOLÁS CASTAÑO ARBOLEDA, Herbario Amazónico Colombiano, Instituto SINCHI, BRUNO BARÇANTE LADVOCAT CINTRA, INPA, FERNANDO CORNEJO VALVERDE, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, ANTHONY DI FIORE, University of Texas at Austin, JUAN FERNANDO PHILLIPS, Fundación Puerto Rastrojo, TINDE R. VAN ANDEL, Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PATRICIO VON HILDEBRAND, Fundación Estación de Biología, EDELCILIO MARQUES BARBOSA, INPA, LUIZ CARLOS DE MATOS BONATES, INPA, DEBORAH DE CASTRO, INPA, EMANUELLE DE SOUSA FARIAS, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, THERANY GONZALES, ACEER Foundation, JEAN-LOUIS GUILLAUMET, Muséum national d’histoire naturelle de Paris, BRUCE HOFFMAN, Amazon Conservation Team, YADVINDER MALHI, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, IRES PAULA DE ANDRADE MIRANDA, INPA, ADRIANA PRIETO, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, AGUSTÍN RUDAS, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, NATALINO SILVA, UFRA, CÉSAR I. A. VELA, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, VINCENT A. VOS, Universidad Autónoma del Beni / Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado, EGLÉE L. ZENT, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, STANFORD ZENT, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, ANGELA CANO, Universidad de los Andes, MARCELO TRINDADE NASCIMENTO, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, ALEXANDRE A. OLIVEIRA, USP, HIRMA RAMIREZ-ANGULO, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, JOSÉ FERREIRA RAMOS, INPA, RODRIGO SIERRA, GeoIS, MILTON TIRADO, GeoIS, MARIA NATALIA UMAÑA MEDINA, University of Maryland, GEERTJE VAN DER HEIJDEN, University ofWisconsin-Milwaukee, EMILIO VILANOVA TORRE, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, CORINE VRIESENDORP, The Field Museum, OPHELIA WANG, Northern Arizona University, KENNETH R. YOUNG, University of Texas at Austin, CLAUDIA BAIDER, USP / Agricultural Services, Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security, The Mauritius Herbarium, HENRIK BALSLEV, Aarhus University, NATALIA DE CASTRO, INPA, WILLIAM FARFAN-RIOS, Wake Forest University, CID FERREIRA, INPA, CASIMIRO MENDOZA, FOMABO, Manejo Forestal en las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia / UniversidadMayor de San Simon, ITALO MESONES, University of California, ARMANDO TORRES-LEZAMA, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, LIGIA ESTELA URREGO GIRALDO, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, DANIEL VILLARROEL, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, RODERICK ZAGT, Tropenbos International, MIGUEL N. ALEXIADES, University of Kent, KARINA GARCIA-CABRERA, Wake Forest University, LIONEL HERNANDEZ, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, ISAU HUAMANTUPA-CHUQUIMACO, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, WILLIAM MILLIKEN, Royal Botanic Gardens, WALTER PALACIOS CUENCA, Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Universidad Técnica del Norte, SUSAMAR PANSINI, UFRO, DANIELA PAULETTO, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, FREDDY RAMIREZ AREVALO, Universidad Nacional de laAmazonia Peruana, ADEILZA FELIPE SAMPAIO, UFRO, ELVIS H. VALDERRAMA SANDOVAL, Universidad Nacional de laAmazonia Peruana / University of Missouri, and LUIS VALENZUELA GAMARRA, Jardín Botánico de Missouri.
Subjects: Conservation Status, Land Use Policy, Geography & travel, Amazonian, Threatened Species, Conservation-dependent species, Protected Areas, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Conservation Planning, Land Use, IUCN Red List, Deforestation, Research Articles, ddc:910, Multidisciplinary, Near-threatened species, Extinction Risks, Ecology, Conservação, Amazonia, Conservation, Protected areas, Indigenous areas, Tree species, SciAdv r-articles, Gap analysis (conservation), Forestry, Tropical Tree Species, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, PE&RC, Geography, Research Article, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Life Science, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Indigenous People, Tropics, 15. Life on land, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Espécie, 13. Climate action, Threatened species, Conservation status, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Environmental Protection, Desmatamento
Abstract: Analyses of forest loss and protected areas suggest that 36 to 57% of Amazonian tree flora may qualify as “globally threatened.”, Estimates of extinction risk for Amazonian plant and animal species are rare and not often incorporated into land-use policy and conservation planning. We overlay spatial distribution models with historical and projected deforestation to show that at least 36% and up to 57% of all Amazonian tree species are likely to qualify as globally threatened under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria. If confirmed, these results would increase the number of threatened plant species on Earth by 22%. We show that the trends observed in Amazonia apply to trees throughout the tropics, and we predict that most of the world’s >40,000 tropical tree species now qualify as globally threatened. A gap analysis suggests that existing Amazonian protected areas and indigenous territories will protect viable populations of most threatened species if these areas suffer no further degradation, highlighting the key roles that protected areas, indigenous peoples, and improved governance can play in preventing large-scale extinctions in the tropics in this century.
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

48. Diet overlap and foraging activity between feral pigs and native peccaries in the pantanal

Author: Maria Luisa S. P. Jorge, Milton Cezar Ribeiro, Mauro Galetti, Tadeu Siqueira, Camila I. Donatti, Hiléia Camargo, Felipe Pedrosa, Alexine Keuroghlian, Claudia Zukeran Kanda, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Wildlife Conservation Society, Conservation International, and Vanderbilt University
Subjects: Pecari, Male, Feral pig, media_common.quotation_subject, animal diseases, Foraging, Sus scrofa, lcsh:Medicine, Introduced species, Biology, Competition (biology), Predation, Animals, lcsh:Science, media_common, Artiodactyla, Ecological niche, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, lcsh:R, Feeding Behavior, biology.organism_classification, Diet, Tayassu pecari, Fruit, lcsh:Q, Female, Brazil, Research Article
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-07T15:33:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-12-07T15:54:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 PMC26536608.pdf: 2127755 bytes, checksum: 7658af1feddece5d3b0bb2dab43e472a (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Silicon Valley Community Foundation Inter-specific competition is considered one of the main selective pressures affecting species distribution and coexistence. Different species vary in the way they forage in order to minimize encounters with their competitors and with their predators. However, it is still poorly known whether and how native species change their foraging behavior in the presence of exotic species, particularly in South America. Here we compare diet overlap of fruits and foraging activity period of two sympatric native ungulates (the white-lipped peccary, Tayassu pecari, and the collared peccary, Pecari tajacu) with the invasive feral pig (Sus scrofa) in the Brazilian Pantanal. We found high diet overlap between white-lipped peccaries and feral pigs, but low overlap between collared peccaries and feral pigs. Furthermore, we found that feral pigs may influence the foraging period of both native peccaries, but in different ways. In the absence of feral pigs, collared peccary activity peaks in the early evening, possibly allowing them to avoid white-lipped peccary activity peaks, which occur in the morning. In the presence of feral pigs, collared peccaries forage mostly in early morning, while white-lipped peccaries forage throughout the day. Our results indicate that collared peccaries may avoid foraging at the same time as white-lipped peccaries. However, they forage during the same periods as feral pigs, with whom they have lower diet overlap. Our study highlights how an exotic species may alter interactions between native species by interfering in their foraging periods. Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil Wildlife Conservation Society, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil The Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science and Oceans, Conservation International, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America Depatment of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil FAPESP: 2008/10154-7
Published: 2015

49. Hyperdominance in Amazonian forest carbon cycling

Author: Elodie Allie, José Luís Camargo, Kalle Ruokolainen, Jérôme Chave, Ana Andrade, Luzmila Arroyo, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Hans ter Steege, Nikée Groot, Juliana Schietti, Adriana Prieto, Carolina Levis, Miguel Alexiades, Roderick Zagt, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Abel Monteagudo M, René G. A. Boot, Carlos Reynel Rodriguez, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Juan Carlos Licona, Julien Engel, Raquel Thomas, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Eric Arets, Marielos Peña-Claros, Jorcely Barroso, Rafael Herrera, Joey Talbot, Michelle O. Johnson, Ben-Hur Marimon Junior, Carlos Cerón, Timothy J. Killeen, Flávia R. C. Costa, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Priscila Souza, Peter van der Hout, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, William F. Laurance, Yadvinder Malhi, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Damien Bonal, Pascal Petronelli, Sophie Fauset, John Pipoly, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Aurélie Dourdain, Bruno Hérault, Esteban Alvarez Dávila, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Georgia Pickavance, Victor Chama Moscoso, Adriane Esquivel Muelbert, Zorayda Restrepo, Timothy R. Baker, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Alfredo Alarcón, Paulo S. Morandi, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Everton Cristo de Almeida, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Marc K. Steininger, Oliver L. Phillips, Clément Stahl, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Wendeson Castro, Carlos A. Quesada, Christopher Baraloto, Robyn J. Burnham, Simon L. Lewis, Manuel Gloor, Marco Bruno Xavier Valadão, Ted R. Feldpausch, Agustín Rudas, Ophelia Wang, Gerardo A. Aymard C, Terry L. Erwin, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Anthony Di Fiore, Lourens Poorter, Peter J. Van Der Meer, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Marisol Toledo, Juliana Stropp, Basil Stergios, Ricardo Keichi Umetsu, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, James A. Comiskey, Julie Peacock, Vincent A. Vos, Roel J. W. Brienen, University of Leeds, Missouri Botanical Garden, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), University of Exeter, University of Oxford [Oxford], Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Utrecht University [Utrecht], The Field Museum, Duke University [Durham], Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), James Cook University (JCU), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University of Turku, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Herbario Universitario PORT, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno (UAGRM), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), National Park Service, Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Van Hall Larenstein University of Professional Education, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), World Wide Fund (WWF), Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), UR 0874 Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial (UREP)-Ecologie des Forêts, Prairies et milieux Aquatiques (EFPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, Universidad Autonoma del Beni, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Smithsonian Institution, Tropenbos International (TBI), Van der Hout Forestry Consulting, Broward Co Extension Education, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], University of Kent [Canterbury], Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas (IVIC), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Conservation International, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM), Jardín Botánico de Medellín, University College of London [London] (UCL), 282664, AMAZALERT Raising the alert about critical feedbacks between climate and long-term land use change in the Amazon, 283093, ROBIN Role Of Biodiversity In climate change mitigatioN, European Union, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), PPBio network, CNPq/PELD network, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, ANR (CEBA: ANR-10-LABX-0025), ANR (TULIP: ANR-10-LABX-0041), CNPq, Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award, Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, European Project: 283080, Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Florida International University (FIU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de los Andes [Bogota], Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), World Wildlife Fund (WWF), University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, University of Florida [Gainesville], Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV), Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), University of Oxford, Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial (UREP), and Universidade Estadual de Campinas = University of Campinas (UNICAMP)
Subjects: arbre forestier, Production du bois, Amazonian, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Bos- en Landschapsecologie, General Physics and Astronomy, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, Carbon Cycling, Amazonegebied, Climax species, espèce dominante, Biomasse, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Biomass, Forêt tropicale humide, tropical forests, stockage du carbone, Multidisciplinary, Amazon rainforest, Ecology, trees, PE&RC, Wood, Physiologie végétale, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Tree, rain-forest, Écologie, productivity, F40 - Écologie végétale, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, forêt amazonienne, experimental drought, Rainforest, Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Carbon cycle, Carbon Cycle, Amazonia, Tropische bossen, allometry, Dominance (ecology), Ecosystem, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Forest, Croissance, Densité du peuplement, Vegetatie, Dominance, Vegetation, Forest Ecosystem, biomass, Composition botanique, Analyse de données, species composition, Carbon Storage, General Chemistry, 15. Life on land, Koolstof, mortality, Longévité, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, economics spectrum, Carbon, abondance spécifique, CICLO DO CARBONO, ta1181, Species richness, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Cycle du carbone, Espacement
Abstract: While Amazonian forests are extraordinarily diverse, the abundance of trees is skewed strongly towards relatively few ‘hyperdominant' species. In addition to their diversity, Amazonian trees are a key component of the global carbon cycle, assimilating and storing more carbon than any other ecosystem on Earth. Here we ask, using a unique data set of 530 forest plots, if the functions of storing and producing woody carbon are concentrated in a small number of tree species, whether the most abundant species also dominate carbon cycling, and whether dominant species are characterized by specific functional traits. We find that dominance of forest function is even more concentrated in a few species than is dominance of tree abundance, with only ≈1% of Amazon tree species responsible for 50% of carbon storage and productivity. Although those species that contribute most to biomass and productivity are often abundant, species maximum size is also influential, while the identity and ranking of dominant species varies by function and by region., The Amazon rainforest is dominated by relatively few tree species, yet the degree to which this hyperdominance influences carbon cycling remains unknown. Here, the authors analyse 530 forest plots and show that ∼1% of species are responsible for 50% of the aboveground carbon storage and productivity.
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

50. How the integration of fishers’ perception on environment in a multinomial probit model gives an example of green economies in small-scale fisheries

Author: Zorzi, Enrico, Rabearisoa, Ando Landisoa, and ohn D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Conservation International
Subjects: Environmental change perception, green economies, multinomial probit mode, small scale fisheries
Abstract: The objectives of this study are to examine both the significance of fishers’ perceptions regarding environmental degradation into their adoption of new behavior and how perceptions themselves are influenced by environmental perception and production. The study is based on data from 200 fishers in the north-east of Madagascar. The paper analyzes the effects of environmental variables and fishers’ perception on the way how they exploit fisheries resources in a multinomial probit model.
Published: 2014

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Journal

Region

Database

Publisher

556 results on '"Conservation International"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources