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INTRODUCTION: The global human population is still growing such that our collective enterprise is driving environmental catastrophe. Despite a decline in average population growth rate, we are still experiencing the highest annual increase of global human population size in the history of our species-averaging an additional 84 million people per year since 1990. No review to date has accumulated the available evidence describing the associations between increasing population and environmental decline, nor solutions for mitigating the problems arising. METHODS: We summarize the available evidence of the relationships between human population size and growth and environmental integrity, human prosperity and wellbeing, and climate change. We used PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science to identify all relevant peer-reviewed and gray-literature sources examining the consequences of human population size and growth on the biosphere. We reviewed papers describing and quantifying the risks associated with population growth, especially relating to climate change. RESULTS: These risks are global in scale, such as greenhouse-gas emissions, climate disruption, pollution, loss of biodiversity, and spread of disease-all potentially catastrophic for human standards of living, health, and general wellbeing. The trends increasing the risks of global population growth are country development, demographics, maternal education, access to family planning, and child and maternal health. CONCLUSION: Support for nations still going through a demographic transition is required to ensure progress occurs within planetary boundaries and promotes equity and human rights. Ensuring the wellbeing for all under this aim itself will lower population growth and further promote environmental sustainability.

While much literature on chemotaxis systems focuses on bounded domains, this paper emphasizes the global existence of classical solutions for three primary chemotaxis systems with a logistic source on R n. We present a unified proof demonstrating global existence of solutions can be deduced from their locally uniform boundedness in L p (R n) for some p > max ⁡ { 1 , n 2 }. We then provide sufficient conditions for the global existence and boundedness of classical solutions. Notably, our findings even improve several existing results for bounded domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As conventional class categories hide too much pertinent information, there is a growing body of work on lifestyles and consumption patterns of more detailed occupational groups that seeks to distinguish the underlying social structures. While research in Bourdieusian class analysis focuses on class practices, limited attention is paid to agents' strategic interests. Using French household expenditure data, this article explores the structures of consumption, instrumental for professional advancement, within the 'service class'. The article provides conclusive evidence of maintained distinctions between the identities of business, technical and educational professionals through the expenditure-based structures of consumption. The study illustrates the capacity of Bourdieu's capital composition principle to reveal the social structures. The article argues that the instrumental, capital-signalling role of strategic investments in the markers of distinction resonates with the principles of Bourdieu's logic, delineating not only the symbolic but also the social space, with implications for understanding inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I will discuss how neoliberalism affects subjects and what friendship looks like in the neoliberal world we live in. I will show that one of the most important consequences of neoliberal intervention on the subject is the severe damage to the bonds of friendship. In the neoliberal world, we live constantly in a competitive environment dominated by temporary relationships. Friendships seem to be valuable only to gain advantages and to be ahead of others. Those who have more influential 'friends' are more likely to get what they want. The concept of friendship, then, has to do with a meaning that involves calculating what one must contribute to obtain. In this article, I will try to explore how neoliberalism invests in the subject and how friendship is treated in the neoliberal world. I will ask how 'true friendship' can help us improve our lives by turning to the ways in which friendship shows up in the social relations in which we live. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Between 2018 and 2020, Australia implemented major policy changes to improve the quality and safety of opioid prescribing, with a specific focus on oxycodone. This study used wastewater‐based epidemiology to assess the efficacy of Australia's regulatory reforms by measuring change in consumption of oxycodone via exploratory analysis. Design, setting, participants, measurements: Wastewater analysis data on oxycodone consumption was from the National Wastewater Drug Monitoring Program. The program captures data from more than 50 wastewater treatment plant catchments across Australia, equivalent to more than 50% of the national population. Geographic trend analyses were conducted for both major cities and regional areas within all states and territories of Australia over a 6‐year period between 2017 and 2023. Findings: Oxycodone consumption showed a statistically significant increase nationally from 78 mg/day/1000 people (95% confidence interval [CI] = 71, 84) in 2017 to 120 mg/day/1000 people in August 2019 (95% CI = 110, 120), an increase of 52% (95% CI = 42, 62, P < 0.0001). From August 2019 to December 2020, there was a statistically significant decrease from 120 to 65 mg/day/1000 people (95% CI = 60, 71), a decrease of 45% (95% CI = 40, 51), followed by a modest 2.4% increase to the end of the study period in April 2023 (95% CI [2.0,2.7]). Conclusions: A 45% reduction in oxycodone consumption in Australia from 2019 to 2020 coincided with national policy changes that aimed to reduce consumption of prescription opioids. The overall declining trend in consumption was suggestive of the effectiveness of national interventions in reducing pharmaceutical opioid use. Wastewater‐based epidemiology provides an effective approach for assessing the effectiveness of controlled substances policy changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In southeastern North America, the received wisdom has been that most 16th century a.d. European objects occur in mortuary contexts, the archaeological manifestation of gifting and barter between European leaders and Indigenous chiefs. Our application of metal detector surveys in four projects in Alabama, Georgia, and Mississippi now throws this interpretation into question. We have found significant numbers of diagnostic iron and cuprous 16th century a.d. artifacts in residential contexts, which reflects both the huge amount of material imported into the Southeast by European colonizing efforts and the variety of ways by which Indigenous peoples incorporated new raw materials and technologies into their world views. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is the Sixth Sam Moyo Memorial Lecture delivered by Professor Utsa Patnaik during the SMAIAS/ASN Summer School on January 16, 2023, in Harare. Professor Patnaik argues that the discourse in development economics is so completely dominated by fallacious ideas emanating from the conservative economics departments of universities in advanced industrial countries, and economists in the Global South tend to be so completely hegemonized by these fallacious ideas that they pay little or no attention to long-term trends in their own economies that impact adversely the welfare of the poorest of their own populations. A most important long-term trend—to be precise, the trend over the last four decades of neoliberal policies—has been the declining per capita consumption of food grains in countries of the Global South, associated with their increasing opening up to free trade under the incessant pressure of industrial nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poultry meat is an integral part of human diet due to its high protein content, amino acids, low cholesterol, unique flavor, and affordable price. The production of chicken carried out all over the world. In Pakistan, the poultry industry is a notable and dynamic part of agricultural industry. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of chicken consumption in people attending University of Okara. The questionnaire was designed to collect the data of about 500 people. It was found that 34% males and 66% females contributed. People consuming desi and poultry chicken shows significant difference and (166.67 ± 119.30) while the frequency of chicken consumption was (125±92.1710). People consumed chicken showed their interest by buying through different sites (125±127.72). People feel energy changes after consumption and those who felt no change shows nonsignificance. Chicken consumption relation with social bonding and impact on habits show significant differences. The Biochemical analysis including Endocrinology test, Lipids profile, and Liver function of people show variation in both groups. To conclude, mostly people consume poultry chicken rather than desi due to availability. Chicken consumers show positive response according to effect on behavior, but reduced chicken consumption due to increased prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The segregation of consumption between the Russian- and Estonian-speaking populations residing in Estonia has been common knowledge in the popular imagination, mass media publications, and academic papers. Rather than undertaking an impossible mission to identify whether these narratives are true, in this article, I show how this repertoire of stories has fostered special marketing strategies and document the emergence of a special marketing niche of companies promising to teach how to market products to mainstream or minority consumers based on their presumed mental differences. Deriving from ethnographic fieldwork, I demonstrate how mythologies about ethnic segregation in consumption paradoxically result in integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study shows that the progressive adhesion of weld material to the tool in friction stir welding AA 2024-T3, up to tool saturation, brings about a decrease in power consumption until a plateau is reached. The cause of this behavior is the hindering of the stirring action of the tool due to the material accumulated on it. The built-up material changes the nature of the tool/material interaction and then the friction condition at their interface. The direct consequence is a decrease in the shearing strain and therefore in the heat generated by friction. Bits of this adhering material break off from the tool at intervals. Macro and micro detachments are identified. Micro-detachments happen continuously at small periodic intervals and produce vibrations. The amplitude of these vibrations increases in all their characteristic spectral components up to tool saturation. Macro-detachments generate oscillations in power consumption and leave galling on the weld bead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to understand the socioeconomic impact of flood events on households, especially household welfare in terms of changes in consumption and coping strategies to deal with flood risk. This study is based on Bihar, one of the most frequently flood-affected, most populous and economically backward states in India. Design/methodology/approach: Primary data were collected from 700 households in the seven most frequently flood-affected districts in Bihar. A total of 100 individuals from each district were randomly selected from flood-affected villages. Based on a detailed literature review, an econometric (probit) model was developed to test the null hypothesis of the availability of consumption insurance, and the multivariate probability approach was used to analyze the various coping strategies of these households. Findings: The results of this study suggest that flood-affected households maintain their consumption by overcoming various losses, including income, house damage and livestock loss. Households depend on financial transfers, borrowings and relief, and migrate to overcome losses. Borrowing could be an extra burden as the government compensates for house damage and crop loss late to the affected households. Again, there is no compensation to overcome livelihood loss and deal with occurrences of post-flood diseases, which further emphasizes the policy implications of strengthening the health infrastructure in the state and generating alternative livelihood opportunities. Originality/value: This study discusses flood risk in terms of changes in household welfare, identifies the most effective risk-coping capabilities of rural communities and contributes to the shortcomings of the government insurance and relief model. Peer review: The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-07-2023-0569 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To analyse the consumption of energy drinks (EDs) and the motives for their consumption among physically active adolescents in Poland. Methods: A nationwide survey study was conducted in 1,530 adolescents (10–14 years old) participating in extracurricular, organised sports activities. A computer-assisted web interview method was applied. Results: Nearly half (46.4%) of the respondents were ED consumers (significantly more boys than girls: 53.0% vs. 47.0%, p = 0.010). The percentage of ED consumers increased with age, from 27.2% in 10-year-olds to 65.4% in the group of 14-year-olds (p < 0.001). The motives and circumstances of ED consumption varied depending on gender: girls were more likely than boys to drink EDs to improve concentration during studying (17.1% vs. 8.8%, p < 0.001) and to stay awake (22.8% vs. 13.8%, p = 0.002), whereas boys more often than girls reported drinking EDs during physical activity (10.9% vs. 6.0%, p = 0.020). Conclusion: It is necessary to implement gender-diversified educational campaigns on negative health effects of EDs, targeting children, parents and teachers, as consumption of EDs has been identified as a significant public health problem in Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Across the globe, colonization often produces material homogenization. The same objects originating in the metropole become part of assemblages throughout the colony. These assemblages impact different groups inhabiting dominated territories, shaping globalization. Archaeologists have now moved away from homogenizing acculturation-based perspectives to understand contexts where global/colonial objects are adopted in local contexts. Postcolonial approaches emphasizing the agency of the colonized have moved us forward towards archaeologies of cultural entanglements, processes of combination of imposed patterns by the colonizer and cultural inputs of the colonized resulting in innovation. By identifying metamorphoses of global Egyptian-style objects into locally effective objects in colonized Nubia during the New Kingdom, this paper demonstrates the existence of distinctive, yet to be fully understood colonial identities shaped by different experiences of global objects. If colonialism shapes globalization, colonized experiences of global objects end up separating various groups interacting with the same objects across cultural borders according to their varying socio-economic experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1080 toxin (sodium fluoroacetate) is used in New Zealand for possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) and ship rat (Rattus rattus) control but can result in unintentional by-kill of native (e.g. kea Nestor notabilis) and non-native (e.g. deer) fauna. A newly developed deer repellent (Prodeer) in 1080 bait has proved highly effective in reducing deer by-kill while not impacting target pest efficacy. The ingredients in Prodeer bait are undisclosed due to commercial sensitivity, thus it is unknown whether this bait type increases acceptability and palatability to kea and increases risk over and above that posed by the standard (RS5) bait type normally used in aerial poisoning operations. During choice trials comparing kea responses to, and consumption of, non-toxic Prodeer and RS5 baits at alpine sites around Arthur’s Pass National Park and central Westland we found kea Prodeer and RS5 consumption (per interaction and total) were not significantly different. Most individuals consumed substantially less of both bait types than the estimated lower 1080 LD50 threshold for kea, and vastly less than captive kea consume. We conclude that 1080 operations using Prodeer are unlikely to pose a risk significantly over and above that already presented to kea in standard RS5 1080 operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron and folic acid (IFA) consumption is an important strategy for the prevention of birth defects and anemia during pregnancy. In Ethiopia, low proportion of pregnant mothers took an iron tablet for 90 plus days. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess compliance to IFA consumption and its associated factors among mothers attending antenatal care in Southern Ethiopia, 2021. An institution-based cross-sectional study triangulated with qualitative methods was conducted. The data was collected data from 378 respondents selected by a simple random sampling technique and 21 in-depth interviews were conducted. Epi Data version 3.1 was used to enter data, which was then exported to Statistical Package for the social Science (SPSS) version 21 for further processing and analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify the significant association. Variables with a P-value of less than 0.05 were considered significant. The Open code software version 4.03 was used to code and categorize qualitative data, and then thematic analysis was employed to qualitative data. The compliance rate of IFA consumption was 66.58% 95% CI: 61.5-71.4%) Maternal education (AOR: 3.01, 95%CI:1.29, 6.35), knowledge about anemia (AOR: 2.63, 95% CI:1.29), 5.37), knowledge about IFA (AOR: 2.95, 95% CI (1.45, 6.02)), ANC visits (AOR: 2.70, 95% CI 1.17, 6.22), fear of side effect (AOR: 0.08, 95% CI:0.02, 0.24), registration time for initiation of ANC visits (AOR:4.63, 95% CI:1.50, 14.26), and counseling on IFA (AOR:3.95, 95% CI:1.57, 9.98) were significantly associated with compliance IFA consumption of the pregnant mothers. Supplement-related, pregnancy and experience-related, facility related, behavioral -related, perceived family support, and perceived cultural belief findings were identified from qualitative study. In this study, the compliance with IFA consumption was low and influenced by huge range factors. To improve compliance with IFA, health workers provide proper counseling and education for pregnant women on IFA and follow up supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to explore consumption practices that involve the deliberate destruction of meaningful possessions; in particular, what motivates consumers to do so, why they choose it over other divestment options and what value creation do they expect from this. This is a consumer choice acknowledged but lacking in extant research, theoretical or empirical. From the existing literature a qualitative study was developed, consisting of a series of exploratory interviews with consumers who considered that they had engaged in possession destruction. From analysis of the identified themes, we developed a temporal process, where possession destruction creates self-wellbeing for the consumer, through the elimination of negative symbolic value associated with the possession. The existence of ritualistic and taboo behaviour suggests that this type of consumption can also be conceptualised as a social, violent, and sacrificial process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the connection between consumption and travel has been documented, there has been little work on how consumption can go beyond simple materialism and sometimes even represent a reaction to the dominant trends of late modern consumer society. I use Walter Benjamin's essay "Unpacking My Library" as an inspiration to understand the emotive connection between collecting, consumption, and memory. This paper uses an auto-ethnographic method, showing how the goal of furthering a collection of football shirts serves as a way to give agency to the consumer. Since collecting is typically related to the collector's memory, consuming in the context of a collection is not simple consumerism or materialism. In this case, the object being collected is a football shirt, a representation of a specific locality. Collecting as a motivation for consumption serves as a way for the individual to respond to the dominant trends of homogenization and mass culture in sport created by globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of dietary supplement consumption among Algerians in Tebessa. This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey carried out over two months. The study included 216 Algerian men and women selected via simple random sampling. Approximately half of the participants were under 27 years old, with a mean age of 30 years. Variables assessed included the use of dietary supplements, reasons for consumption, frequency of use, types of supplements used, sources of purchase, and sources of advice regarding consumption. Continuous and categorical variables were compared using the Mann–Whitney test and Chi2 test, respectively. Logistic regression was employed to examine associations between dietary supplement consumption and explanatory variables, including socioeconomic factors. The prevalence of dietary supplement use was 88.4%. The most common reasons cited for consumption were muscle mass enhancement and fatigue reduction. Vitamins were the most frequently used supplements, followed by trace elements. Consumption patterns were significantly associated with socioeconomic factors. A large part of the population has consumed food supplements for different reasons. This consumption could be beneficial for their health. Therefore, information-based on scientific evidence is important to prevent inappropriate use of dietary supplements by consumers. This study could serve as the foundation for a nationwide multicenter study to gain a better understanding of dietary supplement use among Algerians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using biogas fuel in a modern internal combustion engine equipped with gas equipment of the fourth and fifth generations can create several difficulties. This is due to the low heat of combustion of untreated biogas, the presence of moisture, and the specifics of the injectors. The main problem of the studies we considered is that there are no data on the operating parameters of biogas fuel injectors. Studies on the parameters of the Matrix, Barracuda, Valtek, Hana, and Keihin injectors in relation to biogas fuel were carried out according to performance indicators, the linearity of operation, the resistance of the injectors, the ability to maintain factory parameters, and service life. According to the indicators of performance and linearity of work, Valtek injectors have the highest deviation in productivity and linearity of work, with an average of 38.8%, and the lowest deviation of Barracuda injectors is 7.5%. Keihin (15.3%) and Hana injectors (19.1%) also showed good performance indicators, and therefore can be used effectively for biogas fuel systems. As a result of research on the response time of the injectors, it was established that the best indicators were found for Hana (1.75 ms) and Keihin (1.99 ms) injectors. Valtek injectors showed good response rates (2.07 ms), as did Barracuda injectors (2.19 ms), but the highest response time was found in Matrix injectors, with 2.44 ms. Keihin injectors had the lowest average resistance value of 1.25 ohms, and Valtek injectors had the highest resistance value of 3 ohms. According to the research results, Keihin, Matrix, and Barracuda injectors provide the best ability to maintain factory performance when using biogas fuel at 2 to 5%, and Valtek had the worst performance up to 20%. Keihin, Barracuda, and Hana experimental injectors had the highest service life, which is from 200 to 250 thousand km of car mileage. The lowest indicators were found for Valtek and Matrix injectors, the service life of which varies from 70 to 100 thousand km of mileage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the backdrop of pressing environmental challenges such as global warming, nations are intensifying efforts to reduce energy consumption and emissions in the future. The carbon-neutral attribute of wood is being reassessed, signaling a potential shift in consumption patterns. This study aims to forecast wood consumption in Germany from 2020 to 2050 and evaluate the ability of domestic forests to meet demand. Employing a material flow analysis approach and considering recent data alongside Germany's Climate Action 2050 goals, consumption projections were made for sectors such as building, paper, energy, furniture, and packaging. Results indicate a significant surge in wood consumption, particularly in the scenario with a high residential renovation rate, necessitating substantial wood imports to fulfill demand. Energy and building emerge as pivotal sectors for reducing wood consumption. This research fills a gap in prospective prediction on wood consumption, which is essential for aligning strategies with environmental objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper quantifies mechanisms through which heterogeneity in household finances affects the transmission of monetary policy, considering housing tenure choices over the life cycle. Our analysis also identifies challenges for monetary policy related to housing busts. It focuses on the four largest economies in the euro area: France, Germany, Italy, and Spain. Through the lens of our model, we find that home ownership and endogenous transitions from renting to owning are key elements for the extent of cross‐country asymmetries in aggregate consumption responses to changes in the real interest rate. Across groups with different housing tenure, we find that the consumption response of homeowners to interest rate changes tends to be larger than the response of renters, particularly if these homeowners are indebted and do not adjust their illiquid housing wealth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research is the property of Intellect Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background/Objectives: Sweet taste preferences are currently targeted to aid with reducing free sugar intakes, but associations between sweet taste liking, sweet food intakes, and sugar intakes are not well established. Methods: UK consumers (n = 179) who were consuming >5% of total energy intakes from free sugars provided several laboratory measures of sweet taste liking, laboratory test meal measures of sweet food choice and sugar intakes, and 3-day food diary measures of free-living free sugar and total sugar intakes. Liking measures included liking for a 1 M sucrose solution, and pleasantness, desire to eat, and sweet taste intensity ratings for seven foods of a range of sweet taste intensities in a taste test. Results: Wide individual differences in sweet taste liking, in liking for a high sweet taste intensity, and in the relationships between sweet taste intensity and sweet taste liking were found. The majority of participants confirmed high liking and increasing liking for increasingly sweet tastes, but differing patterns of responses were also found. Higher liking for sweet foods was associated with increased sweet food selection and consumption at the test meal, and to some degree with free sugar and total sugar consumption in this restricted scenario. However, we found no associations between sweet taste liking, regardless of measure, and either free-living free sugar or total sugar intakes. Conclusions: These findings cast doubt on assumptions that sweet taste preferences are high for all and that these high sweet taste preferences drive high free sugar intakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Socioeconomic status and parental lifestyle influence dietary behaviors, including the administration of oral dietary supplements in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of selected health, dietary, and sociodemographic factors on the use of dietary supplements by children. Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, a diagnostic survey based on the computer-assisted web interview method was conducted in November 2022 among 2826 parents whose children attend public educational institutions in Krakow, Poland. The study group included data on 497 nursery children (17.6%), 599 kindergarten children (21.2%), 1594 primary school children (56.4%), and 136 secondary school children (4.8%). Results: Among all respondents, 72.2% were taking oral nutritional supplements, with vitamin D supplementation being particularly popular in all groups. Logistic regression analysis identified predictors of supplement use, including special diet (p < 0.001), use of medication for chronic disease (p = 0.012), regularity of main meals (p = 0.022), and attending a sports school (p = 0.021). A decrease in supplement use was observed with the increasing level of education of children (p < 0.001). Conclusions: These results highlight the importance of various health, dietary, and sociodemographic factors in influencing decisions regarding dietary supplementation in children. Further assessment of dietary supplement usage should be conducted alongside evaluations of nutrient intake from the children's diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the role of social media marketing in shaping economic decisions among consumers. This study aims to examine the characteristics influencing consumer intentions, with a strong emphasis on the role of influencers. In order to conduct this study, a logistic regression was employed. The sample reveals that individuals who view influencers as credible sources of information and experience, those who exhibit homophily with influencers, those who perceive the influencers' content as high-quality, and those who develop strong parasocial relationships with influencers show higher consumption intentions. In contrast, older individuals tend to have lower consumption intentions. These consumption intention characteristics vary across genders and generations. The study concludes with recommendations targeting all relevant stakeholders, influencers, businesses, policy makers, and consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ivermectin is a widely used antiparasitic in livestock, but its use can result in residues in bovine products and excretions. The objective of the present study was to determine the presence of ivermectin residues in cattle meat, liver, milk, faeces, and urine and assess consumer risk from chronic exposure through contaminated bovine products using a deterministic approach. To determine the presence of ivermectin residues, 124 samples were analysed by liquid chromatography. Residues were found in 68% of faeces samples and small percentages (3%) in liver, milk, and urine, with no residues detected in meat. The mean ivermectin residue in the liver (16.46 µg/kg) remained below the maximum residue limit (MRL); however, in milk (12.46 µg/kg), the residues exceeded the permitted MRL. The results obtained from chronic dietary exposure show that the consumption of ivermectin residues was low, and the risk was assessed as being rare to very rare. Additionally, this study reveals concerning levels of ivermectin residues in milk that may far exceed established safety limits. This situation emphasises the urgent need for stricter regulations and monitoring in milk production, particularly from small farms, to protect vulnerable populations. However, from a one health perspective, the presence of residues in faeces poses potential environmental hazards, warranting further research. Moreover, the detection of residues in milk, despite the ban on ivermectin use in dairy cattle, underscores the importance of compliance with food safety regulations and the need for continued vigilance in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable water supply is one of the most important issues related to global climate change in Türkiye. The government, local authorities and universities have developed strategic action plans to raise public awareness about the sustainability of water supply. In this study, which was conducted in Çorum province in Türkiye in 2021 and 2022, the population of the study consisted of teachers who belong to the Ministry of National Education. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that influence teachers' sustainable water consumption behaviors (SWCB). Data were collected from 380 teachers. Within the framework of value belief norm theory, a structural equation model and path analysis were used to identify the factors that influence teachers' SWCB. According to the research results, the direct effects of biospheric–altruistic values, egoistic values and ascription of responsibility on personal norms and the indirect effects of egoistic values were also significant. Conclusion: in order to develop personal norms, which are the antecedents of SWCB, biospheric–altruistic values and egoistic values should first be included in the curriculum as part of values education. In this context, it is very important for sustainability to train teachers on water footprint to improve awareness of consequences and ascription of responsibility. As a result of this research, it can be said that biospheric–altruistic values orientation must be higher than egoistic values orientation to achieve sustainability, and both must have a significant impact on personal norms, which is crucial in terms of the three dimensions of sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adequate neutral detergent insoluble fiber (NDF) content in the total diet can improve intake efficiency, prevent rumen disorders, and enhance the health and performance of feedlot-finished beef cattle. We hypothesized that an increase in dietary fiber levels would decrease the productive performance but increase the economic performance of young bulls in confinement. Thus, it was aimed to evaluate the effect of increasing fiber levels on feed intake, wastage, and productive and economic performance of Nellore young bulls finished in confinement. We used 20 Nellore cattle, non-castrated males, 30 months old, and average body weight (BW) of 416.35 ± 2.2 kg distributed in a completely randomized design, kept in individual stalls. Animals were divided into four treatments consisting of four levels of neutral detergent insoluble fiber (NDF) (25%, 30%, 35%, and 40% NDF) in total DM. Nutrient intake, feed conversion, feed waste, body weight (BW) at slaughter, total weight gain (TWG), average daily gain (ADG), hot carcass weight (HCW), and carcass yield (CR) were evaluated. In addition, economic parameters (revenue, food expenses, and gross margin) were calculated and compared. The dry matter (DMI), organic matter (OMI), crude protein (CPI), and ether extract (EEI) intakes showed quadratic behavior. The DMI maximum estimated was 28.5% NDF in the diet. The NDF and ADF intakes showed a positive linear effect and the starch intake had a negative linear effect. There was a significant positive linear effect (P < 0.05) for the variables total mixed ration (TMR) offered and daily and total RTM intake. Minimum RTM wastage was estimated with a diet containing 30% NDF. The maximum points for BW at slaughter, HCW, and ADG were 29.9%; 29.6%, and 25% NDF, respectively. The costs of concentrate and silage showed a positive linear behavior, as did the ADG costs and the carcass equivalent cost (P < 0.05). The maximum point of the revenue estimate (US$/animal) was 29.9% of NDF, 26.1% of NDF for the total expenditure on food (US$/animal), and 32.5% of NDF for the gross margin (U$/animal). In conclusion, the animals fed a 30% NDF diet showed the best performance and economics, in addition to less food waste. We recommend 25 to 32.5% of NDF in the diet to obtain maximum productive and economic performance when finishing Nellore young bulls in confinement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing ideas suggested by James Meade, Harry Johnson and Neil Laing, we argue that when one compares alternative long‐period positions, as in the work‐horse two commodity, two primary input model, the household's expenditure and the prices of the commodities purchased cannot be treated as independent variables. We call such a full adaptation of households to consistent price configurations 'full household equilibrium'. It is found that, at both the household and the aggregate levels, the purchased quantity of a 'normal' commodity can increase when its relative price rises. This basic result is readily applied both to aspects of welfare theory and to international trade theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the economic cohesion of two German areas, Hamburg and Saxony, in the 18th century, created through the inflow of Atlantic colonial groceries from the former to the latter. Combining different kinds of sources revealed the following. The trade flow from Hamburg to German lands began to shift from Prussia to Saxony in the middle of the 18th century. Within Saxony, the market was concentrated in two locations: the court city Dresden and proto-industrial district of Upper Lusatia. What made Saxony stand out were its liberal commercial policy and the development of rural trade. However, given that the growth of the market in Saxony was confined to geographically narrow zones, and that Prussia refused to be integrated with Hamburg, I concluded that the German market was distorted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qatar has experienced a remarkable surge in all four components of gross domestic product (GDP)—consumption, government spending, investment, and net exports as well as significant growth in population over the past thirty years. Despite a potential link between increasing production and consumption and a corresponding rise in CO2 emissions in Qatar, there exists a significant gap in the literature addressing this linkage. Using sectoral data, this article investigates the long-term trends of GDP growth and expenditure and their nexus with CO2 emissions in Qatar. Least square regression analysis (multiple regression approach) and Granger Causality tests have been used to examine the long-term association between GDP-expenditure and its components and CO2 emission patterns. Additionally, the study discusses the environmental implications and the necessity for effective natural resource management in climate policy. Our analysis reveals consistent average annual increases in Qatar over the past three decades: 4.8% in total expenditure, 5.4% in GDP, 4% in government spending, 4.7% in household consumption, and 1.77% in CO2 emissions. During this period, production- and consumption-based emissions surged by 700%, while consumption-based emissions rose by 500%. The energy sector alone accounts for 86% of Qatar's total CO2 emissions. Significant Granger causality was found between CO2 emissions and various economic growth and GDP components, suggesting a potential inverted U-shaped Kuznets Curve, indicating a possible decline in CO2 emissions in future. However, achieving this decline in CO2 emissions in accordance with UN SDG Goal 12 requires additional policy measures focussed on carbon capture and storage, circular economy practices, carbon pricing, and complementary climate policies. Specific policy actions include establishing CO2 observatories, promoting clean energy initiatives, and engaging the private sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Methods Results Discussion and Conclusions A minimum unit price (MUP) for alcohol of £0.50 per unit (1 UK unit = 10 mL/8 g alcohol) was introduced in Scotland in May 2018. Few previous studies have examined the impact of alcohol pricing policies on people who are alcohol dependent. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of MUP on people who are alcohol dependent including changes in alcohol consumption and health status, as well as potential unintended consequences.Three waves of cross‐sectional data were collected in Scotland (intervention) and Northern England (control) at 0–6 months pre‐implementation then 3–9 months and 18–22 months post‐implementation. The sample was N = 706 people receiving treatment related to their alcohol use. We collected structured interview data including recent drinking information via a 7‐day timeline‐follow‐back drinking diary. Difference‐in‐difference analyses estimated change in indicators in Scotland compared to England at both post‐implementation timepoints.The proportion of participants consuming alcohol costing on average <£0.50 per unit in Scotland decreased from 60.6% at 0–6 months prior to MUP implementation to 6.3% at 3–9 months post‐implementation (p < 0.0004). There was no significant change in the indicators for alcohol consumption, severity of dependence, health status, other substance use, deprivation level or parenting.The introduction of MUP in Scotland was associated with increases in the prices paid for alcohol by people with dependence and presenting to treatment services. There was no evidence of changes in their alcohol consumption or health status. There was also no evidence of harmful unintended consequences for this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The difference in the results from previous studies on the impact of inflation on poverty, coupled with an increase in the money supply from direct investment, inspired this research. This study aimed to ascertain how poverty, inflation, and foreign investment affect consumption spending in Indonesia based on 1997-2021 time series data. This study used Vector Autoregression estimation, utilizing data sources from the World Bank. The data will be processed with econometric models. From the study’s findings, it may be inferred that overall consumption affects inflation, which can be seen from the Granger causality test that shows that this variable has a one-way causal relationship. The results of the same test also show that FDI has an effect on total consumption and conversely consumption has an effect on FDI. However, the poverty variable does not affect total consumption and vice versa, because according to the causality test, the variable obtains an insignificant probability value. However, the VECM results explain that poverty has an effect on total consumption, and that the effect of consumption on inflation is due to the larger t-statistic value and has a positive relationship. This implies that the rate of inflation will increase the lower the level of consumption. However, the Impulse Reason test shows that poverty has a negative trend, as does the FDI variable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The experiment was conducted during December, 2020 to June, 2021 at Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh, India to evaluate the ecological footprint of 15 hospitals that were chosen at random. The purpose of this study was to assess the ecological impact of these medical facilities-which included both government and private hospitals--across five blocks of district. The ecological footprint framework was utilized to analyze factors such as food waste, solid waste, water consumption and energy consumption and material use, determining their impact on biocapacity. The average ecological footprints of the hospitals ranged from 116.5 to 271.4 global hectares (g ha). The ecological footprints varied across different blocks as follows Jawalamukhi (349.7 g ha), Dharamshala (535.6 g ha), Nurpur (698.3 g ha), Palampur (722.3 g ha), and Kangra (814.0 g ha). Notably, the hospitals in the Jawalamukhi block were the most sustainable, exhibiting the lowest ecological footprint. These results underscore the significant environmental impact of hospitals and the urgent need for initiatives to reduce their ecological footprint, particularly in the Kangra block. The results emphasize the importance of sustainable resource utilization in healthcare institutions to minimize their ecological footprint and promote environmental sustainability. To achieve a balance between providing healthcare services and protecting the environment, the research recommends extensive actions to enhance the effectiveness of resource utilization, waste management, and energy consumption in hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an overview of scholarship related to the economy in Hebrew Bible studies, focusing particularly on scholarship published in the past decade (2013–2023). For the scholarship before this past decade, please see Nam's excellent survey on the topic in Portrayals of Economic Exchange in the Book of Kings (2012: 17–70) and in 'Economics and the Bible' (2013). The article has three sections. The first explores recent discussions on various models proposed to understand the economic situation of the world behind the Hebrew Bible. The second outlines recent discussions on the components of production; namely, land access, labor relations, and the role of debt in connecting the two. The third and final section surveys scholarship on two interrelated elements responsible for the flow of resources: temple and royal administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]