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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nativa is the property of Revista Nativa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mining tailings have a strong presence of heavy metals in their composition, and these elements may be associated with the evolution and spread of antimicrobial resistance. The objective of this work was to analyze studies that describe the relationship between bacteria recovered from sites impacted by mining tailings resulting from the collapse of the Fundão and Córrego do Feijão Mine dams and the development of antimicrobial resistance. This is an integrative literature review, using the PubMed, VHL, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases, and the descriptors "antimicrobial resistance", "heavy metal", "dam" and "Brazil" (English) and "resistência antimicrobiana", "metal pesado", "barragem" and "Brasil" (Portuguese). Six articles were selected, four referring to the Fundão dam and two to the Córrego do Feijão Mine. All works suggested that environmental contamination by heavy metals, resulting from mining waste released after the dams collapsed, favored the appearance of antimicrobial resistance genes, that is, they are related to the selective pressure exerted by heavy metals. Disasters such as these raise questions about the interface of antimicrobial resistance in environments that have heavy metals as contaminants, the knowledge of which is of great relevance since antimicrobial resistance is a serious public health problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Transplantation is the property of Brazilian Journal of Transplantation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introdução: A proximidade entre o ser humano e os animais de companhia tem vindo a ser cada vez mais frequente. No entanto, esta aproximação torna-se um risco para a infeção por agentes zoonóticos como parasitas intestinais dos cães e gatos. Objetivos: Neste estudo foi avaliada a contaminação de espaços públicos com formas parasitárias intestinais de cães e gatos. Foi também realizada uma entrevista com um questionário a tutores com a finalidade de avaliar a perceção destes quanto às rotinas que pudessem representar risco de infeção humana e hábitos de desparasitação dos animais. Material e Métodos: Foram analisadas 120 amostras de fezes e 55 amostras de solo provenientes de parques e jardins públicos, parques infantis, parques caninos, praias e centros escolares. Utilizou-se para a análise das amostras fecais o método de Willis e o método de sedimentação simples, e para as amostras de solo, o método de Rugai. Também foram realizadas 101 entrevistas aos tutores que passeavam os seus cães. Resultados Foi observada a prevalência de parasitismo em 17,5% de amostras fecais e 67,3% nas amostras de solo. Nas amostras fecais a prevalência foi de 14,2% Toxocara spp., 4,2% ancilostomídeos, 0,8% Dipylidium caninum e 0,8% Cystoisospora spp. Nas amostras de solo a prevalência foi de 54,5% família Taeniidae, 29,1% Toxocara spp., 23,6% ancilostomídeos, 3,6% Dipylidium caninum, 3,6% Cystoisospora spp. e 1,8% Strongyloides spp. Nas entrevistas, 88,1% dos tutores afirmou recolher as fezes dos seus cães, em 54,5% dos cães não se realizava a desparasitação interna com regularidade, 86,1% dos animais tinha acesso aos quartos, camas e sofás dos tutores, 72,3% dos tutores permitiam que os cães lambessem a sua face e 84,2% dos tutores desconhecia o significado da palavra “zoonose”. Conclusões: Foi observada uma elevada prevalência de parasitismo nas fezes e no ambiente com formas parasitárias de elevado risco zoonótico como Toxocara spp., Ancylostoma spp. Dipylidium caninum e Strongyloides spp. O contato próximo dos animais com os tutores revelou ser um risco para infeções parasitárias zoonóticas, devendo ser encorajadas campanhas de sensibilização e educação da população nas vertentes humana, animal e ambiental e adoção de uma abordagem “Uma só Saúde”.

A entrada de fármacos no ambiente pode ter inúmeras consequências ecológicas. Por esse motivo, uma nova ciência se propõe a mitigar e gerir os possíveis efeitos dessas substâncias no cenário ambiental, a Ecofarmacovigilância. Considerando toda a abordagem em torno dessa área, o presente artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma análise bibliométrica da literatura contemplando essa temática. Foi realizado um levantamento bibliométrico, utilizando somente o descritor “Ecofarmacovigilância”, para verificar quais tendências de pesquisa nesse assunto. Foram selecionados quatro bancos de dados, e as buscas foram realizadas em três idiomas: português, inglês e espanhol. A janela temporal atribuída no presente estudo foi de 2007-2020. Foram designados critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Após o refinamento, os conteúdos dos artigos foram analisados e descritos de forma resumida. Também foi verificado a filiação dos pesquisadores, tipologia dos artigos, ano que os artigos foram publicados, áreas temáticas, fator de impacto e quantidade de citações. A análise de dados foi realizada utilizando o software Excel para análise quantitativa e o Nvivo para análise qualitativa. Foram identificados 27 artigos com base nos critérios estabelecidos. Verificou-se um aumento das publicações entre 2015-2019. A maioria dos artigos avaliados eram de revisão bibliográficas, descritos em inglês com as filiações predominantemente da Ásia. As palavras-chaves mais utilizadas nos estudos foram “Ecopharmacovigilance”, “Environment”, “Pharmaceutical”,“Residues”indicando uma ligação entre essa nova ciência e os impactos em torno de medicamentos no ambiente. Com base nos resultados obtidos encorajamos que pesquisadores se dediquem na realização de estudos nessa área.

Verminosis in small ruminants can render rural activity impractical, which is still controlled through the administration of anthelmintics. The present study evaluated four agro-industrial residues as fertilizer in the control of GIN of small ruminants in the freeliving stage. Crab shell, manipueira, biochar, and organomineral residues were used in pots (5.0 kg of soil) and cultivated with Massai grass (Megathyrsus maximum cv. Massai). Further, the pots were contaminated with feces from sheep carrying a natural multispecific infection by GIN. Next, the residues were applied individually to the soil, with 50 mL/pot for liquid and 50 g/pot for solid residues. Treatment with manipueira showed the lowest number of L3.kg MS-1 recovered from the grass (202.44), when compared with treatments using organomineral (823.89) and biochar (689.34). However, there was no statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between the four treatments as compared to the control group. These agro-industrial residues can be used as organic fertilizers; however, these will not help in the control of GIN in sheep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: After more than half a century since the increase in the dumping of plastics in the oceans and other bodies of water, the damage caused by these products and their fractions has been verified. Its presence compromises the quality of the environment due to its prolonged permanence in the habitat and potential for the adsorption of substances and release of chemical compounds to the environment responsible for the durability of the plastic. Aims: This paper aims to gather information about the source, characterization, and interactions of micro- and nanoplastic in the environment and provide current material for those curious about this pollution. Methods: This review was conducted searching for papers on micro and nanoplastics on Science Direct, Springer, and Elsevier databases using keywords such as “microplastic”, “nanoplastic”, “sources”, “contamination”, “instruments”, “analysis,” and “ocean”. This review used only published works and comprise the last seven years of research on the topic from the date the review was initiated. The work is structured in the definition of micro and nanoplastics, main sources, levels of contamination, adsorption processes, and characterization techniques. Results: Degradation drives the main role in producing micro- and nanoplastic. Studies have reported interactions between microplastic and hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds and demonstrated that microplastics can concentrate inorganic and organic compounds in several orders of magnitude, acting as vectors for co-pollutants in the environment. Discussion: Factors such as exposure time, pH, salinity, temperature, and adsorbate concentration directly affect MP-pollutant selection processes. The adsorption process might happen in presence of micro- and nanoplastic since organic pollutants have a high affinity with solid or particulate materials. Methodologies and quantification vary significantly among studies making it difficult to synthesize data. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that numerous techniques are being modified to characterize micro- and nanoparticles. However, standardizing analysis methodologies has proven challenging due to the nature of these particles and their nanometer-scale size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Runa: Archivo para las Ciencias del Hombre is the property of Runa: Archivo para las Ciencias del Hombre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fish are often used as bioindicators of the presence of potentially toxic metals in aquatic ecosystems. The objective of these study was to quantify the levels of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn in water and sediment samples from the Sorocaba River and musculature and gill samples of seven species of fish (Hoplosternum littorale, Pterygoplichthys ambrosettii, Hypostomus ancistroides, Geophagus iporangensis, Prochilodus lineatus, Psalidodon cf. fasciatus, and Rhamdia quelen. In addition, the Bioaccumulation factor and Bioconcentration factor were obtained. The water and sediment analysis indicates average concentrations of metals below the maximum limit allowed by Brazilian legislation. Results above the legislation were found for chromium, in 18 samples: eight gills and 10 muscles. The trophic group that presented the highest contamination was the iliophages, followed by insectivores. There were no significant differences between the trophic groups in the absorption of the analyzed metals except for Zn and Hg in fish gills. The bioaccumulation factor in the gills and muscles showed that Hg and Zn had the highest values for the sediment in most species studied. Future research is needed to broaden the assessment as fish are consumed and water collection for supply has recently started downstream of the studied area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental is the property of Universitat Rovira I Virgili and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Biociências is the property of Revista Biociencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Caatinga is the property of Revista Caatinga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Environmental pollution is a big problem that affects the earth. The Mapuche territory is no exception, given that the extractivist model violates sacred spaces, exploits natural resources, and pollutes, affecting the Mapuche's ways of life and health. The objective was proposed: reflect on the relevance of the ethical foundations that sustain the Mapuche and nature relationship as contributions to intercultural health. It is appreciated that the ethical foundations: "Az-mapu", "küme mogen" and "ixofil mogen", have a fundamental role in ethical behavior regarding the relationship between the Mapuche and nature, where respect, love, care, empathy and reciprocity of the Mapuche towards nature, himself and with other people, allows him to be in harmony and balance from the physical and spiritual. In this sense, it is relevant to consider these ethical foundations to improve the health service, from an intercultural perspective, considering complementarity based on dialogue, in order to provide a humanizing, diverse and, therefore, quality health to move towards a good to be more full of subjects belonging to different cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Diversitas Journal is the property of Diversitas Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Por sua abundante ocorrência e sua sensibilidade a contaminações e variações da presença de nutrientes, as minhocas são importantes bioindicadores da qualidade do solo. A partir dessa constatação ecológica e dos registros de contaminação de creosoto, composto formado principalmente por hidrocarbonetos aromáticos, no fragmento de Mata Atlântica da Reserva Biológica União, este trabalho buscou avaliar se a presença desse contaminante interfere na ocorrência de Oligochaeta no solo por meio da comparação entre uma área contaminada e outra que não apresenta sinais de contaminação. Ao final dos experimentos percebeu-se significativa diferença na quantidade desses organismos entre as áreas estudadas, com 2,6 vezes mais minhocas na área não contaminada em relação à contaminada, embora a biomassa total tenha sido consideravelmente maior na área com o creosoto, implicando a necessidade de realização de mais estudos.

Os cemitérios são essenciais à sociedade e precisam ser analisados a fim de que possam proporcionar uma relação harmoniosa com o meio ambiente, minimizando os impactos que essa atividade pode gerar. De acordo com a potencialidade de contaminação dos cemitérios, e as alterações nos meios físico e biótico, é atribuída à atividade cemiterial um potencial impacto ambiental. O líquido liberado pela decomposição dos cadáveres, o necrochorume, é a principal causa da poluição ambiental. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a qualidade da água superficial próximo aos cemitérios do município de Presidente Prudente- SP. As análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas foram executadas em amostras de água superficiais, em pontos próximos dos cemitérios. A partir dos resultados obtidos foi possível identificar que os cemitérios do município podem proporcionar impactos ambientais negativos ao meio ambiente, causando contaminação dos recursos hídricos superficiais.

Considerando a importância da infecção por parasitos gastrintestinais de cães, tanto no aspecto da clínica veterinária como no da saúde pública, estudos sobre a ocorrência desses endoparasitos, presentes em fezes de cães em vias públicas são necessários para se estabelecerem medidas de controle e profilaxia. Dessa forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ocorrência de parasitas gastrintestinais presentes em fezes de cães coletadas em vias públicas do município de Valença -RJ no período de agosto a outubro de 2017. Um total de 63 amostras de fezes frescas de cães foram coletadas e encaminhadas ao Laboratório de Parasitologia e Doenças Parasitárias do Centro de Ensino Superior de Valença, para realização de exame coproparasitológico. Foram submetidas às técnicas de centrífugo-flutuação simples e sedimentação simples, as quais revelaram positividade para Ancylostoma spp. (79,1%), Trichuris vulpis (20,8%), Toxocara canis (4,1%), Dipylidium caninum (4,1%), Capillaria spp. (4,1%) e Heterakis spp. (4,1%). Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que os cães representam uma importante fonte de contaminação de praças e vias públicas por parasitos gastrintestinais que afetam outros animais e o homem, necessitando de maior atenção de autoridades públicas em relação à saúde destes animais, visando a diminuição do risco de infecção para o homem e aos próprios animais, através da implantação de medidas educativas para conscientização da população quanto a este problema de saúde pública.

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine factors associated with vegetable contamination with zoonotic protozoan. Samples of water, soil and vegetables were collected from July/2014 to May/2016, totaling 83 samples, 21 properties of Londrina region, Paraná, Brazil. DNA amplification of Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia intestinalis in the samples was conducted using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR results were positive for T. gondii in 12.9% (8/62), Cryptosporidium spp. in 11.3% (7/62) and G. intestinalis in 25.8% (16/62) of the samples. DNA sequencing identified C. parvum in five samples and G. intestinalis Assemblage E in three. The statistical associations demonstrated greater probability of positive samples for T. gondii and for at least one of the three protozoa when the source of irrigation water was the river; a greater chance of positive samples for Cryptosporidium spp. when deer were present on the property; and a smaller chance of positive samples for at least one of the three etiologic agents when soil was supplemented with limestone. The results expose some critical contamination points, providing support for training farmers on good management practices during the production process.

Copyright of Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias is the property of Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Geociencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geosul is the property of Geosul and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Urban environments are contaminated in many ways with persistent organic and inorganic pollutants as a result of anthropogenic activities, endangering human health and natural resources. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the soil contamination by cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in 10 vegetable gardens of urban schools located near or on Botucatu sandstone outcrops of Guarani Aquifer in the urban areas of Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil. In each garden, three soil samples at each position (in the soil immediately outside and the soil in the garden) were collected at a depth of 0-20 cm. The ISO 11466 method was used to extract the metals. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry was used to quantify the elements and certified materials to evaluate the quantities (SRM 2709a - San Joaquin Soil - NIST). To evaluate the data, principal component analyses and cluster analyses were performed. The cluster analysis for the evaluated metals showed that the highest contents of elements were reported in three gardens. Values above the prevention value defined by resolution no. 420/2005 of the National Council for the Environment --Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA) -- were reported for cobalt in one garden and copper in three gardens; thus, these areas were categorized as Class III areas. Principal component analysis explained 74.7% of the data and showed the enrichment of some elements within gardens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coffee Residue Water (CRW) may cause serious environmental impacts if deposited in the environment without any treatment. Electrolithic treatment is a highly promising technique for this procedure. Current analysis evaluates removal rate of pollutants and treatment costs of the technique, based on variables turbidity, total solids and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), coupled to pH and electric conductivity behavior. An electrolithic cell, measuring 8.15 width, 13.8 cm length and 8.9 cm depth, with a volume of 1000 cm3, was employed. Aluminum plates, 0.02054 m?, were used for a parallel monopolar configuration. Batch assays were employed with variations in plate distance, current density and intervals in the effluent collection of the reactor between 60 and 1440 sec. for residue water, with and without reuse, respectively. Pollutants had specific removal rates and costs, related to applied current, plate distance, removal efficiency, hydraulic detention time and the concentration of other components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT The temperature control in the processing room is one of the major factors associated with the production of safe food with a satisfactory microbiological quality. A total of 288 samples of skinless chicken breast meat were placed in a cutting room, subjected to four different temperatures (12ºC, 14ºC, 16ºC and 18ºC) and collected to evaluate the influence of the room temperature on the microbiological quality during the cutting and boning of chicken breasts. Aerobic mesophilic microorganisms were counted to evaluate the environmental contamination. In addition, coliforms at 35ºC and 45ºC and Staphylococcus spp. were counted, and an analysis for the presence of staphylococcal enterotoxins and Salmonella spp. was performed to determine the microbiological quality of the meat. The results showed an increase in environmental contamination (P=0.01) with an increase in room temperature. However, no significant differences (P˃0.05) were observed in the meat cuts regarding the counts of coliforms at 35ºC and 45ºC, the count of Staphylococcus spp. and the presence of Salmonella spp. Moreover, no staphylococcal enterotoxins were detected in the samples analyzed. Thus, despite increasing the environmental contamination, the increase in the cutting room temperature did not affect the microbiological quality of the final product.

O propósito desta investigação foi refazer o percurso histórico de um Grupo de Trabalho de Saúde e Ambiente (GTSA) constituído por uma associação profissional (Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva – ABRASCO) com a função de lidar com as relações que se estabelecem entre a saúde e o ambiente, entendido na dimensão socioecológica. O método utilizado foi o de análise de documentos e entrevistas com informantes esclarecidos. As experiências vivenciadas pelo grupo foram sistematizadas segundo as dimensões: ciência-política-ações (coletivas) analisadas em suas relações recíprocas. Foram identificadas mudanças de enfoques e ampliações de objetos do conhecimento e das ações do grupo contingenciados pelas distintas conjunturas políticas, sociais, econômicas, sanitárias e ambientais observadas na realidade brasileira. Em parte, tais mudanças foram pensadas e puderam ser realizadas dada a própria maturidade alcançada pelo grupo em termos científicos, técnicos e políticos. Estas mudanças ocorreram tendo em vista o agravamento da questão ambiental e das suas consequências funestas para a saúde e condições de vida e trabalho das populações a elas submetidas. Acrescente-se a isto um quadro de negação e progressivo afastamento dessas problemáticas pelo Estado resultando num retrocesso das políticas públicas. Nesse cenário, dado o seu pensamento crítico, o GTSA prioriza as práticas em parceria com o movimento social. O GTSA criou assim sua própria forma de lidar com as questões de saúde e ambiente no Brasil, inovando um possível repertório de produção e uso dos conhecimentos e saberes em uma escala coletiva objetivando a manutenção da vida e da saúde em um ambiente saudável.

O Brasil é o maior consumidor mundial de agrotóxicos. Os prejuízos causados pelo uso inadequado dos agrotóxicos ultrapassam o campo econômico, ganhando dimensão social e exigindo elevadas verbas públicas e privadas para atendimento médico hospitalar das pessoas que entram em contato, direto ou indireto, com esses produtos. O nível de conhecimento do operador das máquinas destinadas a esse fim é fundamental para diminuir esses riscos, garantindo qualidade da pulverização. Esse trabalho objetivou verificar o nível de instrução dos operadores com relação ao manejo dos agrotóxicos e máquinas destinadas a pulverização desses insumos, na região central do Rio Grande do Sul. Observou-se que os operadores que realizaram cursos com duração maior que 20 horas, apresentaram um nível de instrução 50% maior, se comparado aos operadores que receberam cursos com menos de 20 horas de duração. Já os operadores que realizaram cursos com duração menor que 20 horas apresentaram uma diferença de apenas quatro pontos percentuais, em relação aos operadores que não realizaram nenhum tipo de treinamento. O nível de instrução dos operadores de máquinas destinadas à pulverização de agrotóxicos na Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul pode ser considerado insuficiente para o manejo correto dos processos de pulverização

Copyright of Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira is the property of Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O tratamento e a disposição adequada do esgoto doméstico representam uma preocupação universal, em função do seu reconhecido potencial poluente, Os sistemas de tratamento objetivam a remediação de parâmetros físico-químicos que fazem parte da legislação, Nos últimos anos, entretanto, outro tipo de poluição tem sido evidenciada, envolvendo micropoluentes capazes de provocar efeitos deletérios em concentrações da ordem de µg L-1 e ng L-1, Dentro deste contexto se destacam os compostos farmaceuticamente ativos (PhACs), os quais, veiculados pelo esgoto, contaminam praticamente todos os compartimentos ambientais, O estudo de tecnologias avançadas de tratamento de efluentes, com o objetivo de incrementar a remoção de PhACs tem sido realizado especialmente em países desenvolvidos, No Brasil o foco principal do tratamento de águas residuárias ainda está voltado para o tratamento básico, uma vez que o acesso a este serviço não está acessível a toda a população, o que torna a poluição por micropoluentes um problema secundário, Neste cenário, são discutidos antecedentes relacionados com o consumo de fármacos, a sua presença no esgoto, a usual baixa capacidade de remoção apresentada pelos sistemas convencionais de tratamento e, consequentemente, sua relação com a contaminação do meio hídrico.

The objective of this work was to generate drift curves from pesticide applications on coffee plants and to compare them with two European drift-prediction models. The used methodology is based on the ISO 22866 standard. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with ten replicates in a 2x20 split-plot arrangement. The evaluated factors were: two types of nozzles (hollow cone with and without air induction) and 20 parallel distances to the crop line outside of the target area, spaced at 2.5 m. Blotting papers were used as a target and placed in each of the evaluated distances. The spray solution was composed of water+rhodamine B fluorescent tracer at a concentration of 100 mg L-1, for detection by fluorimetry. A spray volume of 400 L ha-1 was applied using a hydropneumatic sprayer. The air-induction nozzle reduces the drift up to 20 m from the treated area. The application with the hollow cone nozzle results in 6.68% maximum drift in the nearest collector of the treated area. The German and Dutch models overestimate the drift at distances closest to the crop, although the Dutch model more closely approximates the drift curves generated by both spray nozzles.

The application of animal manure to soil can increase phosphorus availability to plants and enhance transfer of the nutrient solution drained from the soil surface or leached into the soil profile. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of successive applications of organic and mineral nutrient sources on the available content, surface runoff and leaching of P forms in a Typic Hapludalf in no-tillage systems. Experiment 1 was set up in 2004 in the experimental area of UFSM, in Santa Maria (RS, Brazil). The treatments consisted of: control (without nutrient application) and application of pig slurry (PS), pig deep-litter (PL), cattle slurry (CS), and mineral fertilizers (NPK). The rates were determined to meet the N crop requirements of no-tillage black oat and maize, grown in the 2010/2011 growing season. The soil solution was collected after each event (rain + runoff or leaching) and the soluble, particulate and total P contents were measured. In November 2008, soil was collected in 2 cm intervals to a depth of 20 cm, in 5 cm intervals to a depth of 40 cm, and in 10 cm intervals to a depth of 70 cm. The soil was dried and ground, and P determined after extraction by anion exchange resin (AER). In experiment 2, samples collected from the Typic Hapludalf near experiment 1 were incubated for 20, 35, 58, 73 and 123 days after applying the following treatments: soil, soil + PS, soil + PL, soil + CS and soil + NPK. Thereafter, the soil was sampled and P was analyzed by AER. The applications of nutrient sources over the years led to an increase in available P and its migration in the soil profile. This led to P transfer via surface runoff and leaching, with the largest transfer being observed in PS and PL treatments, in which most P was applied. The soil available P and P transfer via surface runoff were correlated with the amounts applied, regardless of the P source. However, P transfer by leaching was not correlated with the applied nutrient amount, but rather with the solution amount leached in the soil profile.

Sulfentrazone is a mobile herbicide in the soil that can reach groundwater. The objective of this study was to verify the leaching of sulfentrazone in samples from three Brazilian "Cerrado" soils, and compare the biological with the chromatographic method to determine the leaching. The soils were PVC columns (10 cm in diameter × 50 cm in length), 1.5 kg ha-1 of sulfentrazone was applied to the top of the columns. Twelve hours after the application of the herbicide, they were submitted to simulated rainfall (60 mm). To the herbicide leaching, in each column, soil samples were collected every 5 cm, being the experiment mounted in subdivided plots (plots: columns, subplots: depths). From these, a fraction was sent to the laboratory for analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Another fraction was placed in pots, performing bioassay with Sorghum bicolor. Sulfentrazone leached more in treatments Tillage System - Sandy Soil - High acidity and Tillage System - Red Latosol - Low acidity, being quantified by HPLC at depths of 5, 10 and 15 cm and detected in the same depths by bioassay. In treatment, Native Forest - Red Latosol - High acidity the herbicide leached up to 10 cm, also being detected by HPLC and bioassay. The biological method, when compared to the chromatographic, presents good sensitivity to sulfentrazone, being able to be used for leaching study of this herbicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira is the property of Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the flour production for the evaluation of fish residues. This study was carried out in two experiments. The first was characterized by the production of flour from the filleting of Abrótea fish, while in the second was used the shrimp residue. The treatments in both experiments consisted of two methods of dehydration: oven (T1) and microwave (T2), with four replicates per treatment. The moisture contents, ashes, total nitrogen and crude protein were evaluated. The results showed that flour production is an important tool for the evaluation of fish waste. The flour of Abrótea and shrimp are an important source of protein and minerals that can be used for animal feeding. The microwave method can be used in the preparation of fish and shrimp flours because it does not alter the crude protein content. The microwave is more advantageous than the oven method because it speeds up the dehydration process of fish waste. The flour produced is an alternative for artisanal fishermen and can bring income to fishermen, fishers' families and also to poor communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food-borne parasite infections affect communities worldwide by transmitting microorganisms, imposing a serious risk to human and animal health. The aim of this study was to analyze the parasitological contamination in cress (Nasturtium officinale, Barbarea verna e Lepidium sativum) from various establishments in the metropolitan area of Curitiba, State of Parana. We analyzed 50 cress samples using the wash and centrifugation technique and the sedimentation method. Among the samples, 6 presented trophozoites of Balantidium coli, cyst of Entamoeba coli and parasites of Stronylidae and Trichuridae Family and 14 samples were contaminated with maggots, slugs and snails. Factors related to this parasitological contamination may be the failure in the quality of water used for irrigation, and the planting, storage and the distribution of the plants. As these vegetables are mainly eaten in natura, we recommend the inclusion of safety procedures along the entire process to protect the health of consumers, since vegetables can be a zoonosis transmitter vehicle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In vineyards, if phosphate is applied both before planting and at intervals during growth without consideration of technical criteria, the soil P fractions may be increased and their proportions altered. This study was carried out to evaluate the accumulation of P fractions and the parameters of the adsorption isotherm in a sandy Typic Hapludalf soil in vineyards with a history of successive and excessive phosphate fertilization. In December 2010, two vineyards were selected, one 4 and the other 15 years old, in Urussanga, State of Santa Catarina (Brazil). Three trenches were dug in each area and soil was collected from the 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm depth ranges. The soil samples were dried in a forced-air oven, sieved and subjected to chemical analyses, P chemical fractionation and P adsorption isotherms. Excessive phosphate fertilization, before and during cultivation, particularly in the older vineyard and, consequently, with a longer history of phosphate fertilization, increased the inorganic P concentrations to the depth of 20 cm, especially in labile fractions extracted by anion exchange resin and NaHCO3 in the non-labile fraction, as well as in the non-labile fraction extracted by 1.0 mol L-1 HCl. The application of phosphate fertilizers and the long cultivation period increased the P levels in the organic labile fraction extracted by 0.5 mol L-1 NaHCO3, and especially in the moderately labile fraction extracted by 0.1 and 0.5 mol L-1 NaOH. Phosphate fertilization of older vineyards, i.e., cultivated for 15 years, increased the amounts of P desorbed in water, indicating a risk of contamination of surface waters and groundwater. The phosphate fertilization before planting, without considering the results of soil analysis, and during cultivation, disregarding the results of soil analysis, leaf analysis and expected yield, led to a reduction in the maximum P adsorption capacity in the 0-5 cm layer of vineyard 2, indicating saturation of part of the reactive particle adsorption sites.

Os principais atributos edáficos relacionados com a lixiviação de naftaleno nos solos consistem na granulometria, no teor de matéria orgânica e na composição mineralógica das frações silte e argila. Este trabalho objetivou determinar os valores da dispersão e do retardamento do naftaleno em amostras de solos coletadas nas proximidades de tanques de armazenamento de combustíveis localizados em Recife, PE. Os experimentos de lixiviação foram realizados em colunas contendo amostras deformadas e foram modelados usando a equação de convecção-dispersão, que foi ajustada aos dados experimentais com o emprego do software CXTFIT 2.0. Os resultados indicaram que solos arenosos oferecem menor resistência à lixiviação de naftaleno e que a presença de goethita, juntamente com a matéria orgânica, é possivelmente o principal fator responsável pelo retardamento do transporte desse composto no conjunto de amostras estudadas.