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Production of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) from sucrose was obtained using a bioprocess entirely performed in seawater. The halophilic fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides MUT 5506 was grown in a seawater-based medium and mycelium displayed an optimal activity in seawater at 50–60 °C, being stable up to 60 °C. Under optimized conditions in seawater (50 °C, sucrose 600 g/L, lyophilized mycelium 40 g/L), C. cladosporioides gave a maximum FOS yield of 344 g/L after 72 h with a preponderance of 1F-FOS derivatives (1-kestose 184 g/L, 1-nystose 98 g/L and 1-fructofuranosylnystose 22 g/L), and the noteworthy presence of the non-conventional disaccharide blastose (30 g/L after 144 h). Lyophilized mycelium exhibited good stability in seawater (76% of the initial activity was retained after 15 cycles of reutilization). This proof-of-concept application reports for the first time the production of FOS in a non-conventional medium such as seawater.

The synthesis of alcohols from amines starting material is an excellent, yet challenging, strategy for the preparation of pharmaceuticals and polymers. Here, we developed a versatile, self-sustaining closed-loop multienzymatic platform for the biocatalytic synthesis of a large range of non-commercially available products in continuous flow with excellent yields (80>99%), reaction times and optical purity of secondary alcohols (>99 e.e.). This process was also extended to the conversion of biogenic amines into high value alcohols, such as the powerful anti-oxidant hydroxytyrosol, and the synthesis of enantiopure 2-arylpropanols via dynamic kinetic resolution of commercially affordable racemic amines. The system exploits the in situ immobilisation of transaminases and redox enzymes which were combined to cater for a fully automated, ultra-efficient synthetic platform with cofactor recycling, in-line recovery of benign by-products and recirculation of the aqueous media containing the recycled cofactors in catalytic amount, which increases the efficiency of the system by over 20-fold.

The synthesis of alcohols from amines starting material is an excellent, yet challenging, strategy for the preparation of pharmaceuticals and polymers. Here, we developed a versatile, self-sustaining closed-loop multienzymatic platform for the biocatalytic synthesis of a large range of non-commercially available products in continuous flow with excellent yields (80>99%), reaction times and optical purity of secondary alcohols (>99 e.e.). This process was also extended to the conversion of biogenic amines into high value alcohols, such as the powerful anti-oxidant hydroxytyrosol, and the synthesis of enantiopure 2-arylpropanols via dynamic kinetic resolution of commercially affordable racemic amines. The system exploits the in situ immobilisation of transaminases and redox enzymes which were combined to cater for a fully automated, ultra-efficient synthetic platform with cofactor recycling, in-line recovery of benign by-products and recirculation of the aqueous media containing the recycled cofactors in catalytic amount, which increases the efficiency of the system by over 20-fold.

The synthesis of alcohols from amines starting material is an excellent, yet challenging, strategy for the preparation of pharmaceuticals and polymers. Here, we developed a versatile, self-sustaining closed-loop multienzymatic platform for the biocatalytic synthesis of a large range of non-commercially available products in continuous flow with excellent yields (80>99%), reaction times and optical purity of secondary alcohols (>99 e.e.). This process was also extended to the conversion of biogenic amines into high value alcohols, such as the powerful anti-oxidant hydroxytyrosol, and the synthesis of enantiopure 2-arylpropanols via dynamic kinetic resolution of commercially affordable racemic amines. The system exploits the in situ immobilisation of transaminases and redox enzymes which were combined to cater for a fully automated, ultra-efficient synthetic platform with cofactor recycling, in-line recovery of benign by-products and recirculation of the aqueous media containing the recycled cofactors in catalytic amount, which increases the efficiency of the system by over 20-fold.

The synthesis of alcohols from amines starting material is an excellent, yet challenging, strategy for the preparation of pharmaceuticals and polymers. Here, we developed a versatile, self-sustaining closed-loop multienzymatic platform for the biocatalytic synthesis of a large range of non-commercially available products in continuous flow with excellent yields (80>99%), reaction times and optical purity of secondary alcohols (>99 e.e.). This process was also extended to the conversion of biogenic amines into high value alcohols, such as the powerful anti-oxidant hydroxytyrosol, and the synthesis of enantiopure 2-arylpropanols via dynamic kinetic resolution of commercially affordable racemic amines. The system exploits the in situ immobilisation of transaminases and redox enzymes which were combined to cater for a fully automated, ultra-efficient synthetic platform with cofactor recycling, in-line recovery of benign by-products and recirculation of the aqueous media containing the recycled cofactors in catalytic amount, which increases the efficiency of the system by over 20-fold.