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1. Decomposition of physical processes controlling EASM precipitation changes during the mid-Piacenzian: new insights into data–model integration

Author

Sun, Yong, Wu, Haibin, Ding, Lin, Chen, Lixin, Stepanek, Christian, Zhao, Yan, Tan, Ning, Su, Baohuang, Yuan, Xiayu, Zhang, Wenchao, Liu, Bo, Hunter, Stephen, Haywood, Alan, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Otto-Bliesner, Bette, Contoux, Camille, Lunt, Daniel J., Dolan, Aisling, Chandan, Deepak, Lohmann, Gerrit, Dowsett, Harry, Tindall, Julia, Baatsen, Michiel, Peltier, W. Richard, Li, Qiang, Feng, Ran, Salzmann, Ulrich, Chan, Wing-Le, Zhang, Zhongshi, Williams, Charles J. R., and Ramstein, Gilles

Published
2024
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2. Revisiting the physical processes controlling the tropical atmospheric circulation changes during the Mid-Piacenzian Warm Period

Author

Zhang, Ke, Sun, Yong, Zhang, Zhongshi, Stepanek, Christian, Feng, Ran, Hill, Daniel, Lohmann, Gerrit, Dolan, Aisling, Haywood, Alan, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Otto-Bliesner, Bette, Contoux, Camille, Chandan, Deepak, Ramstein, Gilles, Dowsett, Harry, Tindall, Julia, Baatsen, Michiel, Tan, Ning, Peltier, William Richard, Li, Qiang, Chan, Wing-Le, Wang, Xin, and Zhang, Xu

Published
2024
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3. Mid-Pliocene El Niño/Southern Oscillation suppressed by Pacific intertropical convergence zone shift

Author

Pontes, Gabriel M., Taschetto, Andréa S., Sen Gupta, Alex, Santoso, Agus, Wainer, Ilana, Haywood, Alan M., Chan, Wing-Le, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Stepanek, Christian, Lohmann, Gerrit, Hunter, Stephen J., Tindall, Julia C., Chandler, Mark A., Sohl, Linda E., Peltier, W. Richard, Chandan, Deepak, Kamae, Youichi, Nisancioglu, Kerim H., Zhang, Zhongshi, Contoux, Camille, Tan, Ning, Zhang, Qiong, Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., Brady, Esther C., Feng, Ran, von der Heydt, Anna S., Baatsen, Michiel L. J., and Oldeman, Arthur M.

Published
2022
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4. Past terrestrial hydroclimate sensitivity controlled by Earth system feedbacks

Author

Feng, Ran, Bhattacharya, Tripti, Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., Brady, Esther C., Haywood, Alan M., Tindall, Julia C., Hunter, Stephen J., Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Chan, Wing-Le, Kageyama, Masa, Contoux, Camille, Guo, Chuncheng, Li, Xiangyu, Lohmann, Gerrit, Stepanek, Christian, Tan, Ning, Zhang, Qiong, Zhang, Zhongshi, Han, Zixuan, Williams, Charles J. R., Lunt, Daniel J., Dowsett, Harry J., Chandan, Deepak, and Peltier, W. Richard

Published
2022
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6. Highly restricted near‐surface permafrost extent during the mid-Pliocene warm period

Author

Guo, Donglin, primary, Wang, Huijun, additional, Romanovsky, Vladimir E., additional, Haywood, Alan M., additional, Pepin, Nick, additional, Salzmann, Ulrich, additional, Sun, Jianqi, additional, Yan, Qing, additional, Zhang, Zhongshi, additional, Li, Xiangyu, additional, Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., additional, Feng, Ran, additional, Lohmann, Gerrit, additional, Stepanek, Christian, additional, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, additional, Chan, Wing-Le, additional, Peltier, W. Richard, additional, Chandan, Deepak, additional, von der Heydt, Anna S., additional, Contoux, Camille, additional, Chandler, Mark A., additional, Tan, Ning, additional, Zhang, Qiong, additional, Hunter, Stephen J., additional, and Kamae, Youichi, additional

Published
2023
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8. Hominoid dispersal during Neogene, from tectonics to Milankovich forcings as major driving factors to explain the spread of population 

Author

Ramstein, Gilles, primary, Gibert, Corentin, additional, Segalla, Diane, additional, Fluteau, Frédéric, additional, Banks, William, additional, Barboni, Doris, additional, Vignoles, Anaïs, additional, Contoux, Camille, additional, Boisserie, Jean-Renaud, additional, Chavasseau, Olivier, additional, Guy, Franck, additional, Otero, Olga, additional, Sepulchre, Pierre, additional, Souron, Antoine, additional, and Colleoni, Florence, additional

Published
2023
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9. Unraveling the mechanisms and implications of a stronger mid-Pliocene Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in PlioMIP2

Author

Weiffenbach, Julia E., primary, Baatsen, Michiel L. J., additional, Dijkstra, Henk A., additional, von der Heydt, Anna S., additional, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, additional, Brady, Esther C., additional, Chan, Wing-Le, additional, Chandan, Deepak, additional, Chandler, Mark A., additional, Contoux, Camille, additional, Feng, Ran, additional, Guo, Chuncheng, additional, Han, Zixuan, additional, Haywood, Alan M., additional, Li, Qiang, additional, Li, Xiangyu, additional, Lohmann, Gerrit, additional, Lunt, Daniel J., additional, Nisancioglu, Kerim H., additional, Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., additional, Peltier, W. Richard, additional, Ramstein, Gilles, additional, Sohl, Linda E., additional, Stepanek, Christian, additional, Tan, Ning, additional, Tindall, Julia C., additional, Williams, Charles J. R., additional, Zhang, Qiong, additional, and Zhang, Zhongshi, additional

Published
2023
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10. Highly restricted near‐surface permafrost extent during the mid-Pliocene warm period.

Author

Donglin Guo, Huijun Wang, Romanovsky, Vladimir E., Haywood, Alan M., Pepin, Nick, Salzmann, Ulrich, Jianqi Sun, Qing Yan, Zhongshi Zhang, Xiangyu Li, Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., Ran Feng, Lohmann, Gerrit, Stepanek, Christian, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Wing-Le Chan, Peltier, W. Richard, Chandan, Deepak, von der Heydt, Anna S., and Contoux, Camille

Subjects
PERMAFROST, SURFACE temperature, ATMOSPHERIC temperature, UPLANDS, PLIOCENE Epoch
Abstract

Accurate understanding of permafrost dynamics is critical for evaluating and mitigating impacts that may arise as permafrost degrades in the future; however, existing projections have large uncertainties. Studies of how permafrost responded historically during Earth’s past warm periods are helpful in exploring potential future permafrost behavior and to evaluate the uncertainty of future permafrost change projections. Here, we combine a surface frost index model with outputs from the second phase of the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project to simulate the near‐surface (~3 to 4 m depth) permafrost state in the Northern Hemisphere during the mid-Pliocene warm period (mPWP, ~3.264 to 3.025 Ma). This period shares similarities with the projected future climate. Constrained by proxy-based surface air temperature records, our simulations demonstrate that near‐surface permafrost was highly spatially restricted during the mPWP and was 93 ± 3% smaller than the preindustrial extent. Near‐surface permafrost was present only in the eastern Siberian uplands, Canadian high Arctic Archipelago, and northernmost Greenland. The simulations are similar to near‐surface permafrost changes projected for the end of this century under the SSP5-8.5 scenario and provide a perspective on the potential permafrost behavior that may be expected in a warmer world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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11. Supplementary material to "Unraveling the mechanisms and implications of a stronger mid-Pliocene AMOC in PlioMIP2"

Author

Weiffenbach, Julia E., primary, Baatsen, Michiel L. J., additional, Dijkstra, Henk A., additional, von der Heydt, Anna S., additional, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, additional, Brady, Esther C., additional, Chan, Wing-Le, additional, Chandan, Deepak, additional, Chandler, Mark A., additional, Contoux, Camille, additional, Feng, Ran, additional, Guo, Chuncheng, additional, Han, Zixuan, additional, Haywood, Alan M., additional, Li, Qiang, additional, Li, Xiangyu, additional, Lohmann, Gerrit, additional, Lunt, Daniel J., additional, Nisancioglu, Kerim H., additional, Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., additional, Peltier, W. Richard, additional, Ramstein, Gilles, additional, Sohl, Linda E., additional, Stepanek, Christian, additional, Tan, Ning, additional, Tindall, Julia C., additional, Williams, Charles J. R., additional, Zhang, Qiong, additional, and Zhang, Zhongshi, additional

Published
2022
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12. Unraveling the mechanisms and implications of a stronger mid-Pliocene AMOC in PlioMIP2

Author

Weiffenbach, Julia E., primary, Baatsen, Michiel L. J., additional, Dijkstra, Henk A., additional, von der Heydt, Anna S., additional, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, additional, Brady, Esther C., additional, Chan, Wing-Le, additional, Chandan, Deepak, additional, Chandler, Mark A., additional, Contoux, Camille, additional, Feng, Ran, additional, Guo, Chuncheng, additional, Han, Zixuan, additional, Haywood, Alan M., additional, Li, Qiang, additional, Li, Xiangyu, additional, Lohmann, Gerrit, additional, Lunt, Daniel J., additional, Nisancioglu, Kerim H., additional, Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., additional, Peltier, W. Richard, additional, Ramstein, Gilles, additional, Sohl, Linda E., additional, Stepanek, Christian, additional, Tan, Ning, additional, Tindall, Julia C., additional, Williams, Charles J. R., additional, Zhang, Qiong, additional, and Zhang, Zhongshi, additional

Published
2022
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13. Reduced El Niño variability in the mid-Pliocene according to the PlioMIP2 ensemble

Author

Sathyanadh, Anusha, Monteil, Guillaume, Scholze, Marko, Klosterhalfen, Anne, Laudon, Hjalmar, Wu, Zhendong, Gerbig, Christoph, Peters, Wouter, Bastrikov, Vladislav, Nilsson, Mats, Peichl, Matthias, Oldeman, Arthur, Baatsen, Michiel, von Der Heydt, Anna, Dijkstra, Henk, Tindall, Julia, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Booth, Alice, Brady, Esther, Chan, Wing-Le, Chandan, Deepak, Chandler, Mark, Contoux, Camille, Feng, Ran, Guo, Chuncheng, Haywood, Alan, Hunter, Stephen, Kamae, Youichi, Li, Qiang, Li, Xiangyu, Lohmann, Gerrit, Lunt, Daniel, Nisancioglu, Kerim, Otto-Bliesner, Bette, Peltier, W, Pontes, Gabriel, Ramstein, Gilles, Sohl, Linda, Stepanek, Christian, Tan, Ning, Zhang, Qiong, Zhang, Zhongshi, Wainer, Ilana, Williams, Charles, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This research has been supported by the Netherlands Earth System Science Centre (OCW (grant no. 024.002.001)), The work by Arthur M. Oldeman, Anna S. von der Heydt, Michiel L. J. Baatsen and Henk A. Dijkstra was carried out under the program of the Netherlands Earth System Science Centre (NESSC), financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW grant no. 024.002.001). Simulations with CCSM4-Utr were performed at the SURFsara Dutch national computing facilities and were sponsored by NWO-EW (Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Exact Sciences) (project no. 17189).Alan M. Haywood, Julia C. Tindall and Stephen J. Hunter acknowledge the FP7 Ideas programme from the European Research Council (grant no. PLIO-ESS, 278636), the Past Earth Network (EPSRC grant no. EP/M008.363/1) and the University of Leeds Advanced Research Computing service. Julia C. Tindall was also supported through the Centre for Environmental Modelling and Computation (CEMAC), University of Leeds.Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Esther C. Brady and Ran Feng acknowledge that material for their participation is based upon work supported by the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is a major facility sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) (cooperative agreement no. 1852977 and NSF OPP grant no. 1418411). Ran Feng is also supported by NSF grant no. 1903650. The CESM project is supported primarily by the National Science Foundation. Computing and data storage resources, including the Cheyenne supercomputer (https://doi.org/10.5065/D6RX99HX), were provided by the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at NCAR. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.Ning Tan, Camille Contoux and Gilles Ramstein were granted access to the HPC resources of TGCC under the allocations 2016-A0030107732, 2017-R0040110492 and 2018-R0040110492 (gencmip6) and 2019-A0050102212 (gen2212) provided by GENCI. The IPSL-CM6 team of the IPSL Climate Modelling Centre (https://cmc.ipsl.fr/, last access: 28 April 2021) is acknowledged for having developed, tested, evaluated and tuned the IPSL climate model, as well as having performed and published the CMIP6 experiments.Christian Stepanek acknowledges funding from the Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM. Christian Stepanek and Gerrit Lohmann acknowledge funding via the Alfred Wegener Institute’s research programme Marine, Coastal and Polar Systems.Qiong Zhang acknowledges support from the Swedish Research Council (2013-06476 and 2017-04232). Simulations with EC-Earth were performed on resources provided by the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at the National Supercomputer Centre (NSC).Wing-Le Chan and Ayako Abe-Ouchi acknowledge funding from JSPS (KAKENHI grant no. 17H06104 and MEXT KAKENHI grant no. 17H06323). Their simulations with MIROC4m were performed on the Earth Simulator at JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan.W. Richard Peltier and Deepak Chandan wish to acknowledge that data they have contributed from the CCSM4-UoT model was produced with the support of Canadian NSERC Discovery Grant A9627 t WRP, and they wish to acknowledge the support of the SciNet HPC Consortium for providing computing facilities. SciNet is funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation under the auspices of Compute Canada, the Government of Ontario, the Ontario Research Fund – Research Excellence and the University of Toronto.Zhongshi Zhang and Xiangyu Li acknowledge financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 42005042), the China Scholarship Council (201804910023) and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (project no. 2015M581154). The NorESM simulations benefitted from resources provided by UNINETT Sigma2 – the National Infrastructure for High Performance Computing and Data Storage in Norway.Charles J. R. Williams and Dan Lunt are thankful for NERC grant NE/P01903X/1 and the NEXCS High Performance Computing facility funded by the Natural Environment Research Council and delivered by the Met Office.Gabriel M. Pontes and Ilana Wainer acknowledge the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP 2016/23670-0)., Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science [Lund], Lund University [Lund], Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Meteorology and Air Quality Department [Wageningen] (MAQ), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), and The work by Arthur M. Oldeman, Anna S. von der Heydt, Michiel L. J. Baatsen and Henk A. Dijkstra was carried out under the program of the Netherlands Earth System Science Centre (NESSC), financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW grant no. 024.002.001). Simulations with CCSM4-Utr were performed at the SURFsara Dutch national computing facilities and were sponsored by NWO-EW (Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Exact Sciences) (project no. 17189).Alan M. Haywood, Julia C. Tindall and Stephen J. Hunter acknowledge the FP7 Ideas programme from the European Research Council (grant no. PLIO-ESS, 278636), the Past Earth Network (EPSRC grant no. EP/M008.363/1) and the University of Leeds Advanced Research Computing service. Julia C. Tindall was also supported through the Centre for Environmental Modelling and Computation (CEMAC), University of Leeds.Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Esther C. Brady and Ran Feng acknowledge that material for their participation is based upon work supported by the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is a major facility sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) (cooperative agreement no. 1852977 and NSF OPP grant no. 1418411). Ran Feng is also supported by NSF grant no. 1903650. The CESM project is supported primarily by the National Science Foundation. Computing and data storage resources, including the Cheyenne supercomputer (https://doi.org/10.5065/D6RX99HX), were provided by the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) NCAR . NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.Ning Tan, Camille Contoux and Gilles Ramstein were granted access to the HPC resources of TGCC under the allocations 2016-A0030107732, 2017-R0040110492 and 2018-R0040110492 (gencmip6) and 2019-A0050102212 (gen2212) provided by GENCI. The IPSL-CM6 team of the IPSL Climate Modelling Centre (https://cmc.ipsl.fr/, last access: 28 April 2021) is acknowledged for having developed, tested, evaluated and tuned the IPSL climate model, as well as having performed and published the CMIP6 experiments.Christian Stepanek acknowledges funding from the Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM. Christian Stepanek and Gerrit Lohmann acknowledge funding via the Alfred Wegener Institute’s research programme Marine, Coastal and Polar Systems.Qiong Zhang acknowledges support from the Swedish Research Council (2013-06476 and 2017-04232). Simulations with EC-Earth were performed on resources provided by the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at the National Supercomputer Centre (NSC).Wing-Le Chan and Ayako Abe-Ouchi acknowledge funding from JSPS (KAKENHI grant no. 17H06104 and MEXT KAKENHI grant no. 17H06323). Their simulations with MIROC4m were performed on the Earth Simulator at JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan.W. Richard Peltier and Deepak Chandan wish to acknowledge that data they have contributed from the CCSM4-UoT model was produced with the support of Canadian NSERC Discovery Grant A9627 t WRP, and they wish to acknowledge the support of the SciNet HPC Consortium for providing computing facilities. SciNet is funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation under the auspices of Compute Canada, the Government of Ontario, the Ontario Research Fund – Research Excellence and the University of Toronto.Zhongshi Zhang and Xiangyu Li acknowledge financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 42005042), the China Scholarship Council (201804910023) and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (project no. 2015M581154). The NorESM simulations benefitted from resources provided by UNINETT Sigma2 – the National Infrastructure for High Performance Computing and Data Storage in Norway.Charles J. R. Williams and Dan Lunt are thankful for NERC grant NE/P01903X/1 and the NEXCS High Performance Computing facility funded by the Natural Environment Research Council and delivered by the Met Office.Gabriel M. Pontes and Ilana Wainer acknowledge the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP 2016/23670-0).

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stratigraphy, 0207 environmental engineering, Empirical orthogonal functions, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Environmental protection, Environmental pollution, TD169-171.8, GE1-350, 14. Life underwater, 020701 environmental engineering, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, Spatial structure, Palaeontology, Ensemble average, Paleontology, Environmental sciences, Sea surface temperature, Amplitude, El Niño Southern Oscillation, El Niño, TD172-193.5, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental science, Climate model, OCEANOGRAFIA
Abstract

The mid-Pliocene warm period (3.264–3.025 Ma) is the most recent geological period during which atmospheric CO2 levels were similar to recent historical values (∼400 ppm). Several proxy reconstructions for the mid-Pliocene show highly reduced zonal sea surface temperature (SST) gradients in the tropical Pacific Ocean, indicating an El Niño-like mean state. However, past modelling studies do not show these highly reduced gradients. Efforts to understand mid-Pliocene climate dynamics have led to the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP). Results from the first phase (PlioMIP1) showed clear El Niño variability (albeit significantly reduced) and did not show the greatly reduced time-mean zonal SST gradient suggested by some of the proxies. In this work, we study El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability in the PlioMIP2 ensemble, which consists of additional global coupled climate models and updated boundary conditions compared to PlioMIP1. We quantify ENSO amplitude, period, spatial structure and “flavour”, as well as the tropical Pacific annual mean state in mid-Pliocene and pre-industrial simulations. Results show a reduced ENSO amplitude in the model-ensemble mean (−24 %) with respect to the pre-industrial, with 15 out of 17 individual models showing such a reduction. Furthermore, the spectral power of this variability considerably decreases in the 3–4-year band. The spatial structure of the dominant empirical orthogonal function shows no particular change in the patterns of tropical Pacific variability in the model-ensemble mean, compared to the pre-industrial. Although the time-mean zonal SST gradient in the equatorial Pacific decreases for 14 out of 17 models (0.2 ∘C reduction in the ensemble mean), there does not seem to be a correlation with the decrease in ENSO amplitude. The models showing the most “El Niño-like” mean state changes show a similar ENSO amplitude to that in the pre-industrial reference, while models showing more “La Niña-like” mean state changes generally show a large reduction in ENSO variability. The PlioMIP2 results show a reasonable agreement with both time-mean proxies indicating a reduced zonal SST gradient and reconstructions indicating a reduced, or similar, ENSO variability.

Published
2021

14. Reduced El Niño variability in the mid-Pliocene according to the PlioMIP2 ensemble

Author

Oldeman, Arthur M., primary, Baatsen, Michiel L. J., additional, von der Heydt, Anna S., additional, Dijkstra, Henk A., additional, Tindall, Julia C., additional, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, additional, Booth, Alice R., additional, Brady, Esther C., additional, Chan, Wing-Le, additional, Chandan, Deepak, additional, Chandler, Mark A., additional, Contoux, Camille, additional, Feng, Ran, additional, Guo, Chuncheng, additional, Haywood, Alan M., additional, Hunter, Stephen J., additional, Kamae, Youichi, additional, Li, Qiang, additional, Li, Xiangyu, additional, Lohmann, Gerrit, additional, Lunt, Daniel J., additional, Nisancioglu, Kerim H., additional, Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., additional, Peltier, W. Richard, additional, Pontes, Gabriel M., additional, Ramstein, Gilles, additional, Sohl, Linda E., additional, Stepanek, Christian, additional, Tan, Ning, additional, Zhang, Qiong, additional, Zhang, Zhongshi, additional, Wainer, Ilana, additional, and Williams, Charles J. R., additional

Published
2021
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15. Mid-Pliocene West African Monsoon rainfall as simulated in the PlioMIP2 ensemble

Author

Berntell, Ellen, Zhang, Qiong, Li, Qiang, Haywood, Alan M., Tindall, Julia C., Hunter, Stephen J., Zhang, Zhongshi, Li, Xiangyu, Guo, Chuncheng, Nisancioglu, Kerim H., Stepanek, Christian, Lohmann, Gerrit, Sohl, Linda E., Chandler, Mark A., Tan, Ning, Contoux, Camille, Ramstein, Gilles, Baatsen, Michiel L.J., Von Der Heydt, Anna S., Chandan, Deepak, Peltier, William Richard, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Chan, Wing Le, Kamae, Youichi, Williams, Charles J.R., Lunt, Daniel J., Feng, Ran, Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., Brady, Esther C., Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Sub Physical Oceanography, and Marine and Atmospheric Research

Subjects
Global and Planetary Change, Stratigraphy, Palaeontology
Abstract

The mid-Pliocene warm period (mPWP; g1/43.2 million years ago) is seen as the most recent time period characterized by a warm climate state, with similar to modern geography and g1/4400g€¯ppmv atmospheric CO2 concentration, and is therefore often considered an interesting analogue for near-future climate projections. Paleoenvironmental reconstructions indicate higher surface temperatures, decreasing tropical deserts, and a more humid climate in West Africa characterized by a strengthened West African Monsoon (WAM). Using model results from the second phase of the Pliocene Modelling Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP2) ensemble, we analyse changes of the WAM rainfall during the mPWP by comparing them with the control simulations for the pre-industrial period. The ensemble shows a robust increase in the summer rainfall over West Africa and the Sahara region, with an average increase of 2.5g€¯mm/d, contrasted by a rainfall decrease over the equatorial Atlantic. An anomalous warming of the Sahara and deepening of the Saharan Heat Low, seen in >90g€¯% of the models, leads to a strengthening of the WAM and an increased monsoonal flow into the continent. A similar warming of the Sahara is seen in future projections using both phase 3 and 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3 and CMIP5). Though previous studies of future projections indicate a west-east drying-wetting contrast over the Sahel, PlioMIP2 simulations indicate a uniform rainfall increase in that region in warm climates characterized by increasing greenhouse gas forcing. We note that this effect will further depend on the long-term response of the vegetation to the CO2 forcing.

Published
2021

16. Aridification of the Sahara desert caused by Tethys Sea shrinkage during the Late Miocene

Author

Zhang, Zhongshi, Ramstein, Gilles, Schuster, Mathieu, Li, Camille, Contoux, Camille, and Yan, Qing

Subjects
Sahara -- Natural history, Tethys Sea -- Natural history, Desertification -- Research -- Northern Africa, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

It is widely believed that the Sahara desert is no more than ~2-3 million years (Myr) old (1), with geological evidence showing a remarkable aridification of north Africa at the onset of the Quaternary ice ages (2-4). Before that time, north African aridity was mainly controlled by the African summer monsoon (ASM) (5-8), which oscillated with Earth's orbital precession cycles. Afterwards, the Northern Hemisphere glaciation added an ice volume forcing on the ASM, which additionally oscillated with glacial-interglacial cycles (2). These findings led to the idea that the Sahara desert came into existence when the Northern Hemisphere glaciated ~2-3 Myr ago. The later discovery, however, of aeolian dune deposits ~7 Myr old (9) suggested a much older age, although this interpretation is hotly challenged (1) and there is no clear mechanism for aridification around this time. Here we use climate model simulations to identify the Tortonian stage (~7-11 Myr ago) of the Late Miocene epoch as the pivotal period for triggering north African aridity and creating the Sahara desert. Through a set of experiments with the Norwegian Earth System Model (10) and the Community Atmosphere Model (11), we demonstrate that the African summer monsoon was drastically weakened by the Tethys Sea shrinkage during the Tortonian, allowing arid, desert conditions to expand across north Africa. Not only did the Tethys shrinkage alter the mean climate of the region, it also enhanced the sensitivity of the African monsoon to orbital forcing, which subsequently became the major driver of Sahara extent fluctuations. These important climatic changes probably caused the shifts in Asian and African flora and fauna observed during the same period (4,12-14), with possible links to the emergence of early hominins in north Africa (15,16)., The Sahara desert, the largest non-polar desert in the world today (~9,400,000 [km.sup.2]), is widely believed to have appeared during the past 2 or 3 Myr (ref. 1). A wealth [...]

Published
2014

17. Arctic Sea Ice Simulation in the PlioMIP Ensemble

Author

Howell, Fergus W, Haywood, Alan M, Otto-Bliesner, Bette L, Bragg, Fran, Chan, Wing-Le, Chandler, Mark A, Contoux, Camille, Kamae, Youichi, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Rosenbloom, Nan A, Stepanek, Christian, and Zhang, Zhongshi

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

Eight general circulation models have simulated the mid-Pliocene warm period (mid-Pliocene, 3.264 to 3.025 Ma) as part of the Pliocene Modelling Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP). Here, we analyse and compare their simulation of Arctic sea ice for both the pre-industrial period and the mid-Pliocene. Mid-Pliocene sea ice thickness and extent is reduced, and the model spread of extent is more than twice the pre-industrial spread in some summer months. Half of the PlioMIP models simulate ice-free conditions in the mid-Pliocene. This spread amongst the ensemble is in line with the uncertainties amongst proxy reconstructions for mid-Pliocene sea ice extent. Correlations between mid-Pliocene Arctic temperatures and sea ice extents are almost twice as strong as the equivalent correlations for the pre-industrial simulations. The need for more comprehensive sea ice proxy data is highlighted, in order to better compare model performances.

Published
2016
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18. Mid-Pliocene Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation simulated in PlioMIP2

Author

Zhang, Zhongshi, Li, Xiangyu, Guo, Chuncheng, Otterå, Odd Helge, Nisancioglu, Kerim, Tan, Ning, Contoux, Camille, Ramstein, Gilles, Feng, Ran, Otto-Bliesner, Bette, Brady, Esther, Chandan, Deepak, Peltier, W. Richard, Baatsen, Michiel, von der Heydt, Anna, Weiffenbach, Julia, Stepanek, Christian, Lohmann, Gerrit, Zhang, Qiong, Li, Qiang, Chandler, Mark, Sohl, Linda, Haywood, Alan, Hunter, Stephen, Tindall, Julia, Williams, Charles, Lunt, Daniel, Chan, Wing-Le, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Sub Physical Oceanography, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Marine and Atmospheric Research, Sub Dynamics Meteorology, and Sub Physical Oceanography

Subjects
010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:Environmental protection, Interglacial, Stratigraphy, Surface warming, Climate model, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Environmental pollution, lcsh:TD169-171.8, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Climatology, Global and Planetary Change, Forcing (mathematics), Paleontology, Geology, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, lcsh:TD172-193.5, Large model
Abstract

pIn the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2 (PlioMIP2), coupled climate models have been used to simulate an interglacial climate during the mid-Piacenzian warm period (mPWP; 3.264 to 3.025 span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"Ma/span). Here, we compare the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), poleward ocean heat transport and sea surface warming in the Atlantic simulated with these models. In PlioMIP2, all models simulate an intensified mid-Pliocene AMOC. However, there is no consistent response in the simulated Atlantic ocean heat transport nor in the depth of the Atlantic overturning cell. The models show a large spread in the simulated AMOC maximum, the Atlantic ocean heat transport and the surface warming in the North Atlantic. Although a few models simulate a surface warming of span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"g1/4/span 8-12 span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"g C/span in the North Atlantic, similar to the reconstruction from Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM) version 4,span idCombining double low line"page530"/ most models appear to underestimate this warming. The large model spread and model-data discrepancies in the PlioMIP2 ensemble do not support the hypothesis that an intensification of the AMOC, together with an increase in northward ocean heat transport, is the dominant mechanism for the mid-Pliocene warm climate over the North Atlantic./p.

Published
2021

20. Northward ITCZ shift drives reduced ENSO activity in the Mid-Pliocene Warm Period

Author

Pontes, Gabriel, primary, Taschetto, Andrea, additional, Gupta, Alex Sen, additional, Santoso, Agus, additional, Wainer, Ilana, additional, Haywood, Alan, additional, Chan, Wing-Le, additional, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, additional, Stepanek, Christian, additional, Lohmann, Gerrit, additional, Hunter, Stephen, additional, Tindall, Julia, additional, Chandler, Mark, additional, Sohl, Linda, additional, Peltier, Dick, additional, Chandan, Deepak, additional, Kamae, Youichi, additional, Nisancioglu, Kerim, additional, Zhang, Zhongshi, additional, Contoux, Camille, additional, Tan, Ning, additional, Zhang, Qiong, additional, Otto-Bliesner, Bette, additional, Brady, Esther, additional, Feng, Ran, additional, Heydt, Anna von der, additional, Baatsen, Michiel, additional, and Oldemann, Arthur, additional

Published
2021
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21. Supplementary material to "Reduced El Niño variability in the mid-Pliocene according to the PlioMIP2 ensemble"

Author

Oldeman, Arthur Merlijn, primary, Baatsen, Michiel L. J., additional, von der Heydt, Anna S., additional, Dijkstra, Henk A., additional, Tindall, Julia C., additional, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, additional, Booth, Alice R., additional, Brady, Esther C., additional, Chan, Wing-Le, additional, Chandan, Deepak, additional, Chandler, Mark A., additional, Contoux, Camille, additional, Feng, Ran, additional, Guo, Chuncheng, additional, Haywood, Alan M., additional, Hunter, Stephen J., additional, Kamae, Youichi, additional, Li, Qiang, additional, Li, Xiangyu, additional, Lohmann, Gerrit, additional, Lunt, Daniel J., additional, Nisancioglu, Kerim H., additional, Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., additional, Peltier, W. Richard, additional, Pontes, Gabriel M., additional, Ramstein, Gilles, additional, Sohl, Linda E., additional, Stepanek, Christian, additional, Tan, Ning, additional, Zhang, Qiong, additional, Zhang, Zhongshi, additional, Wainer, Ilana, additional, and Williams, Charles J. R., additional

Published
2021
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22. Reduced El Niño variability in the mid-Pliocene according to the PlioMIP2 ensemble

Author

Oldeman, Arthur Merlijn, primary, Baatsen, Michiel L. J., additional, von der Heydt, Anna S., additional, Dijkstra, Henk A., additional, Tindall, Julia C., additional, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, additional, Booth, Alice R., additional, Brady, Esther C., additional, Chan, Wing-Le, additional, Chandan, Deepak, additional, Chandler, Mark A., additional, Contoux, Camille, additional, Feng, Ran, additional, Guo, Chuncheng, additional, Haywood, Alan M., additional, Hunter, Stephen J., additional, Kamae, Youichi, additional, Li, Qiang, additional, Li, Xiangyu, additional, Lohmann, Gerrit, additional, Lunt, Daniel J., additional, Nisancioglu, Kerim H., additional, Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., additional, Peltier, W. Richard, additional, Pontes, Gabriel M., additional, Ramstein, Gilles, additional, Sohl, Linda E., additional, Stepanek, Christian, additional, Tan, Ning, additional, Zhang, Qiong, additional, Zhang, Zhongshi, additional, Wainer, Ilana, additional, and Williams, Charles J. R., additional

Published
2021
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24. Evaluation of Arctic warming in mid-Pliocene climate simulations

Author

de Nooijer, Wesley, Zhang, Qiong, Li, Qiang, Zhang, Qiang, Li, Xiangyu, Zhang, Zhongshi, Guo, Chuncheng, Nisancioglu, Kerim, Haywood, Alan, Tindall, Julia, Hunter, Stephen, Dowsett, Harry, Stepanek, Christian, Lohmann, Gerrit, Otto-Bliesner, Bette, Feng, Ran, Sohl, Linda, Tan, Ning, Contoux, Camille, Ramstein, Gilles, Baatsen, Michiel, von der Heydt, Anna, Chandan, Deepak, Peltier, W. Richard, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Chan, Wing-Le, Kamae, Youichi, Brierley, Chris, Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Sub Physical Oceanography, and Marine and Atmospheric Research

Abstract

Palaeoclimate simulations improve our understanding of the climate, inform us about the performance of climate models in a different climate scenario, and help to identify robust features of the climate system. Here, we analyse Arctic warming in an ensemble of 16 simulations of the mid-Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP), derived from the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2 (PlioMIP2). The PlioMIP2 ensemble simulates Arctic (60–90∘ N) annual mean surface air temperature (SAT) increases of 3.7 to 11.6 ∘C compared to the pre-industrial period, with a multi-model mean (MMM) increase of 7.2 ∘C. The Arctic warming amplification ratio relative to global SAT anomalies in the ensemble ranges from 1.8 to 3.1 (MMM is 2.3). Sea ice extent anomalies range from −3.0 to −10.4×106 km2, with a MMM anomaly of −5.6×106 km2, which constitutes a decrease of 53 % compared to the pre-industrial period. The majority (11 out of 16) of models simulate summer sea-ice-free conditions (≤1×106 km2) in their mPWP simulation. The ensemble tends to underestimate SAT in the Arctic when compared to available reconstructions, although the degree of underestimation varies strongly between the simulations. The simulations with the highest Arctic SAT anomalies tend to match the proxy dataset in its current form better. The ensemble shows some agreement with reconstructions of sea ice, particularly with regard to seasonal sea ice. Large uncertainties limit the confidence that can be placed in the findings and the compatibility of the different proxy datasets. We show that while reducing uncertainties in the reconstructions could decrease the SAT data–model discord substantially, further improvements are likely to be found in enhanced boundary conditions or model physics. Lastly, we compare the Arctic warming in the mPWP to projections of future Arctic warming and find that the PlioMIP2 ensemble simulates greater Arctic amplification than CMIP5 future climate simulations and an increase instead of a decrease in Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) strength compared to pre-industrial period. The results highlight the importance of slow feedbacks in equilibrium climate simulations, and that caution must be taken when using simulations of the mPWP as an analogue for future climate change.

Published
2020

25. Unraveling the mechanisms and implications of a stronger mid-Pliocene AMOC in PlioMIP2.

Author

Weiffenbach, Julia E., Baatsen, Michiel L. J., Dijkstra, Henk A., von der Heydt, Anna S., Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Brady, Esther C., Wing-Le Chan, Chandan, Deepak, Chandler, Mark A., Contoux, Camille, Ran Feng, Chuncheng Guo, Zixuan Han, Haywood, Alan M., Qiang Li, Xiangyu Li, Lohmann, Gerrit, Lunt, Daniel J., Nisancioglu, Kerim H., and Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.

Abstract

The mid-Pliocene warm period (3.264-3.025 Ma) is the most recent geological period in which the atmospheric CO2 concentration was approximately equal to the concentration we measure today (ca. 400 ppm). Sea surface temperature (SST) proxies indicate above-average warming over the North Atlantic in the mid-Pliocene with respect to the pre-industrial period, which may be linked to an intensified Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Earlier results from the Pliocene 5 Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2 (PlioMIP2) show that the ensemble simulates a stronger AMOC in the mid-Pliocene than in the pre-industrial. However, no consistent relationship between the stronger mid-Pliocene AMOC and either the Atlantic northward ocean heat transport (OHT) or average North Atlantic SSTs has been found. In this study, we look further into the drivers and consequences of a stronger AMOC in mid-Pliocene compared to pre-industrial simulations in PlioMIP2. We find that all model simulations with a closed Bering Strait and Canadian Archipelago show reduced freshwater transport from the Arctic Ocean into the North Atlantic. The resulting increase in salinity in the subpolar North Atlantic and Labrador Sea drives the stronger AMOC in the mid-Pliocene. To investigate the dynamics behind the ensemble's variable response of the total Atlantic OHT to the stronger AMOC, we separate the Atlantic OHT into two components associated with either the overturning circulation or the wind-driven gyre circulation. While the ensemble mean of the overturning component increased significantly in magnitude in the mid-Pliocene, it is partly compensated by a reduction of the gyre component in the northern subtropical gyre region. This indicates that the lack of relationship between the total OHT and AMOC is due to changes in OHT by the subtropical gyre. The overturning and gyre components should therefore be considered separately to gain a more complete understanding of the OHT response to a stronger mid-Pliocene AMOC. In addition, we show that the AMOC exerts a stronger influence on North Atlantic SSTs in the mid-Pliocene than in the pre-industrial, providing a possible explanation for the improved agreement of the PlioMIP2 ensemble mean SSTs with reconstructions in the North Atlantic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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27. Mid-Pliocene West African Monsoon Rainfall as simulated in the PlioMIP2 ensemble

Author

Berntell, Ellen, primary, Zhang, Qiong, additional, Li, Qiang, additional, Haywood, Alan M., additional, Tindall, Julia C., additional, Hunter, Stephen J., additional, Zhang, Zhongshi, additional, Li, Xiangyu, additional, Guo, Chuncheng, additional, Nisancioglu, Kerim H., additional, Stepanek, Christian, additional, Lohmann, Gerrit, additional, Sohl, Linda E., additional, Chandler, Mark A., additional, Tan, Ning, additional, Contoux, Camille, additional, Ramstein, Gilles, additional, Baatsen, Michiel L. J., additional, von der Heydt, Anna S., additional, Chandan, Deepak, additional, Peltier, William Richard, additional, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, additional, Chan, Wing-Le, additional, Kamae, Youichi, additional, Williams, Charles J. R., additional, and Lunt, Dan, additional

Published
2021
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28. The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2: large-scale climate features and climate sensitivity

Author

Haywood, Alan M., primary, Tindall, Julia C., additional, Dowsett, Harry J., additional, Dolan, Aisling M., additional, Foley, Kevin M., additional, Hunter, Stephen J., additional, Hill, Daniel J., additional, Chan, Wing-Le, additional, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, additional, Stepanek, Christian, additional, Lohmann, Gerrit, additional, Chandan, Deepak, additional, Peltier, W. Richard, additional, Tan, Ning, additional, Contoux, Camille, additional, Ramstein, Gilles, additional, Li, Xiangyu, additional, Zhang, Zhongshi, additional, Guo, Chuncheng, additional, Nisancioglu, Kerim H., additional, Zhang, Qiong, additional, Li, Qiang, additional, Kamae, Youichi, additional, Chandler, Mark A., additional, Sohl, Linda E., additional, Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., additional, Feng, Ran, additional, Brady, Esther C., additional, von der Heydt, Anna S., additional, Baatsen, Michiel L. J., additional, and Lunt, Daniel J., additional

Published
2020
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29. Finance and climate science: worlds apart?

Author

Bouchet, Vincent, Dayan, Hugo, and Contoux, Camille

Subjects
CLIMATOLOGY, FINANCIAL risk, FINANCIAL risk management, CLIMATE change, PARIS Agreement (2016), RISK assessment of climate change
Abstract

There is growing interest in the impact of climate change on the financial system. For financial institutions, the development of knowledge specific to climate risks requires collaboration with the academic sphere, and in particular with climate scientists. However, five years after the Paris agreement, such collaborations are scarce. Through a compared analysis of the perception and management of climate risks by financial risk managers and climate scientists, we seek to understand how different risk perceptions can be an obstacle to collaboration between these two social groups. To this end, we adopt an interdisciplinary approach based on the results of semi-structured interviews. We identify two types of differences that constitute obstacles: differences in valuation, linked to the perception of the climate threat and the vulnerability of the financial system, and differences in the construction of a relationship of risk, related to the modelling, organisation and communication of risk and uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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30. Mid-Pliocene Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation simulated in PlioMIP2

Author

Zhang, Zhongshi, primary, Li, Xiangyu, additional, Guo, Chuncheng, additional, Otterå, Odd Helge, additional, Nisancioglu, Kerim H., additional, Tan, Ning, additional, Contoux, Camille, additional, Ramstein, Gilles, additional, Feng, Ran, additional, Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., additional, Brady, Esther, additional, Chandan, Deepak, additional, Peltier, W. Richard, additional, Baatsen, Michiel L. J., additional, von der Heydt, Anna S., additional, Weiffenbach, Julia E., additional, Stepanek, Christian, additional, Lohmann, Gerrit, additional, Zhang, Qiong, additional, Li, Qiang, additional, Chandler, Mark A., additional, Sohl, Linda E., additional, Haywood, Alan M., additional, Hunter, Stephen J., additional, Tindall, Julia C., additional, Williams, Charles, additional, Lunt, Daniel J., additional, Chan, Wing-Le, additional, and Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, additional

Published
2020
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31. Evaluation of Arctic warming in mid-Pliocene climate simulations

Author

de Nooijer, Wesley, primary, Zhang, Qiong, additional, Li, Qiang, additional, Zhang, Qiang, additional, Li, Xiangyu, additional, Zhang, Zhongshi, additional, Guo, Chuncheng, additional, Nisancioglu, Kerim H., additional, Haywood, Alan M., additional, Tindall, Julia C., additional, Hunter, Stephen J., additional, Dowsett, Harry J., additional, Stepanek, Christian, additional, Lohmann, Gerrit, additional, Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., additional, Feng, Ran, additional, Sohl, Linda E., additional, Tan, Ning, additional, Contoux, Camille, additional, Ramstein, Gilles, additional, Baatsen, Michiel L. J., additional, von der Heydt, Anna S., additional, Chandan, Deepak, additional, Peltier, W. Richard, additional, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, additional, Chan, Wing-Le, additional, Kamae, Youichi, additional, and Brierley, Chris M., additional

Published
2020
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32. Supplementary material to "Evaluation of Arctic warming in mid-Pliocene climate simulations"

Author

de Nooijer, Wesley, primary, Zhang, Qiong, additional, Li, Qiang, additional, Zhang, Qiang, additional, Li, Xiangyu, additional, Zhang, Zhongshi, additional, Guo, Chuncheng, additional, Nisancioglu, Kerim H., additional, Haywood, Alan M., additional, Tindall, Julia C., additional, Hunter, Stephen J., additional, Dowsett, Harry J., additional, Stepanek, Christian, additional, Lohmann, Gerrit, additional, Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., additional, Feng, Ran, additional, Sohl, Linda E., additional, Tan, Ning, additional, Contoux, Camille, additional, Ramstein, Gilles, additional, Baatsen, Michiel L. J., additional, von der Heydt, Anna S., additional, Chandan, Deepak, additional, Peltier, W. Richard, additional, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, additional, Chan, Wing-Le, additional, Kamae, Youichi, additional, and Brierley, Chris M., additional

Published
2020
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33. Supplementary material to "Rapid waxing and waning of Beringian ice sheet reconcile glacial climate records from around North Pacific"

Author

Zhang, Zhongshi, primary, Yan, Qing, additional, Zhang, Ran, additional, Colleoni, Florence, additional, Ramstein, Gilles, additional, Dai, Gaowen, additional, Jakobsson, Martin, additional, O'Regan, Matt, additional, Liess, Stefan, additional, Rousseau, Denis-Didier, additional, Wu, Naiqing, additional, Farmer, Elizabeth J., additional, Contoux, Camille, additional, Guo, Chuncheng, additional, Tan, Ning, additional, and Guo, Zhengtang, additional

Published
2020
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34. Rapid waxing and waning of Beringian ice sheet reconcile glacial climate records from around North Pacific

Author

Zhang, Zhongshi, primary, Yan, Qing, additional, Zhang, Ran, additional, Colleoni, Florence, additional, Ramstein, Gilles, additional, Dai, Gaowen, additional, Jakobsson, Martin, additional, O'Regan, Matt, additional, Liess, Stefan, additional, Rousseau, Denis-Didier, additional, Wu, Naiqing, additional, Farmer, Elizabeth J., additional, Contoux, Camille, additional, Guo, Chuncheng, additional, Tan, Ning, additional, and Guo, Zhengtang, additional

Published
2020
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35. Implementation of the CMIP6 Forcing Data in the IPSL‐CM6A‐LR Model

Author

Lurton, Thibaut, primary, Balkanski, Yves, additional, Bastrikov, Vladislav, additional, Bekki, Slimane, additional, Bopp, Laurent, additional, Braconnot, Pascale, additional, Brockmann, Patrick, additional, Cadule, Patricia, additional, Contoux, Camille, additional, Cozic, Anne, additional, Cugnet, David, additional, Dufresne, Jean‐Louis, additional, Éthé, Christian, additional, Foujols, Marie‐Alice, additional, Ghattas, Josefine, additional, Hauglustaine, Didier, additional, Hu, Rong‐Ming, additional, Kageyama, Masa, additional, Khodri, Myriam, additional, Lebas, Nicolas, additional, Levavasseur, Guillaume, additional, Marchand, Marion, additional, Ottlé, Catherine, additional, Peylin, Philippe, additional, Sima, Adriana, additional, Szopa, Sophie, additional, Thiéblemont, Rémi, additional, Vuichard, Nicolas, additional, and Boucher, Olivier, additional

Published
2020
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36. Did a Beringian ice sheet once exist?

Author

Zhang, Zhongshi, primary, Yan, Qing, additional, Zhang, Ran, additional, Colleoni, Florence, additional, Ramstein, Gilles, additional, Dai, Gaowen, additional, Jakobsson, Martin, additional, O’Regan, Matt, additional, Liess, Stefan, additional, Rousseau, Denis-Didier, additional, Wu, Naiqing, additional, Farmer, Elizabeth J., additional, Contoux, Camille, additional, Guo, Chuncheng, additional, Tan, Ning, additional, and Guo, Zhengtang, additional

Published
2020
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38. A return to large-scale features of Pliocene climate: the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2

Author

Haywood, Alan M., primary, Tindall, Julia C., additional, Dowsett, Harry J., additional, Dolan, Aisling M., additional, Foley, Kevin M., additional, Hunter, Stephen J., additional, Hill, Dan J., additional, Chan, Wing-Le, additional, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, additional, Stepanek, Christian, additional, Lohmann, Gerrit, additional, Chandan, Deepak, additional, Peltier, W. Richard, additional, Tan, Ning, additional, Contoux, Camille, additional, Ramstein, Gilles, additional, Li, Xiangyu, additional, Zhang, Zhongshi, additional, Guo, Chuncheng, additional, Nisancioglu, Kerim H., additional, Zhang, Qiong, additional, Li, Qiang, additional, Kamae, Yoichi, additional, Chandler, Mark A., additional, Sohl, Linda E., additional, Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., additional, Feng, Ran, additional, Brady, Esther C., additional, von der Heydt, Anna S., additional, Baatsen, Michiel L. J., additional, and Lunt, Daniel J., additional

Published
2020
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39. Supplementary material to "A return to large-scale features of Pliocene climate: the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2"

Author

Haywood, Alan M., primary, Tindall, Julia C., additional, Dowsett, Harry J., additional, Dolan, Aisling M., additional, Foley, Kevin M., additional, Hunter, Stephen J., additional, Hill, Dan J., additional, Chan, Wing-Le, additional, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, additional, Stepanek, Christian, additional, Lohmann, Gerrit, additional, Chandan, Deepak, additional, Peltier, W. Richard, additional, Tan, Ning, additional, Contoux, Camille, additional, Ramstein, Gilles, additional, Li, Xiangyu, additional, Zhang, Zhongshi, additional, Guo, Chuncheng, additional, Nisancioglu, Kerim H., additional, Zhang, Qiong, additional, Li, Qiang, additional, Kamae, Yoichi, additional, Chandler, Mark A., additional, Sohl, Linda E., additional, Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., additional, Feng, Ran, additional, Brady, Esther C., additional, von der Heydt, Anna S., additional, Baatsen, Michiel L. J., additional, and Lunt, Daniel J., additional

Published
2020
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40. Modelling a Modern-like-pCO2 Warm Period (MIS KM5c) with Two Versions of IPSL AOGCM

Author

Tan, Ning, Contoux, Camille, Ramstein, Gilles, Sun, Yong, Dumas, Christophe, and Sepulchre, Pierre

Abstract

The mid-Piacenzian warm period (3.264 to 3.025 Ma) is the most recent geological period with a present-like atmospheric pCO2 exhibiting significant warming relative to present conditions. With the advanced understanding of the climate variability of this interval, a specific interglacial (marine isotope stage KM5c, MIS KM5c, 3.205 Ma) is selected for Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project phase 2 (PlioMIP 2) and updated boundary conditions are provided. In this study, we carried out series of experiments according to the design of PlioMIP2 with two versions of the IPSL Atmosphere-Ocean Coupled General Circulation Model (AOGCM) (IPSL-CM5A and IPSL-CM5A2). By comparing with PlioMIP 1 experiment, run with IPSL-CM5A, our results show that the simulated MIS KM5c climate presents enhanced warming in mid-to-high latitudes, especially in ocean regions. This warming can be attributed to the largely enhanced Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation caused by the high latitude seaway changes. The tier experiments, conducted with IPSL-CM5A2 (with faster computation scheme), show that besides the increased pCO2, both modified orography and reduced ice sheets contribute substantially in mid-to-high latitudes warming of MIS KM5c. When considering the pCO2 uncertainties, the warming pattern changes, our model response to the variation of pCO2 by ±50 ppmv is not symmetric in the surface air temperature, due to the non-linear response of the cryosphere (snow cover and sea ice extent). By analysing the Greenland Ice Sheet surface mass balance, we also demonstrate its vulnerability under both MIS KM5c and modern warm climate.

Published
2019

41. Modelling a Modern-like-pCO 2 Warm Period (MIS KM5c) with Two Versions of IPSL AOGCM

Author

Tan, Ning, Contoux, Camille, Ramstein, Gilles, Sun, Yong, Dumas, Christophe, Sepulchre, Pierre, Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Information Engineering [Beijing] (IIE), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

45. Databases for sea surface paleotemperature based on geochemical proxies from marine sediments: implications for model-data comparisons

Author

Leduc, Guillaume, Garidel‑Thoron, Thibault de, Kaiser, Jérôme, Bolton, Clara, Contoux, Camille, Institute of Geosciences [Kiel], Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017

46. Mid-Pliocene Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation simulated in PlioMIP2.

Author

Zhang, Zhongshi, Li, Xiangyu, Guo, Chuncheng, Otterå, Odd Helge, Nisancioglu, Kerim H., Tan, Ning, Contoux, Camille, Ramstein, Gilles, Feng, Ran, Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., Brady, Esther, Chandan, Deepak, Peltier, W. Richard, Baatsen, Michiel L. J., der Heydt, Anna S. von, Weiffenbach, Julia E., Stepanek, Christian, Lohmann, Gerrit, Zhang, Qiong, and Li, Qiang

Abstract

In the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project phase 2 (PlioMIP2), coupled climate models have been used to simulate an interglacial climate during the mid-Piacenzian warm period (mPWP, 3.264 to 3.025 Ma). Here, we compare the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), poleward ocean heat transport and sea surface warming in the Atlantic simulated with these models. In PlioMIP2, all models simulate an intensified mid-Pliocene AMOC. However, there is no consistent response in the simulated Atlantic ocean heat transport, or the depth of the Atlantic overturning cell. The models show a large spread in the simulated AMOC maximum, the Atlantic ocean heat transport, as well as the surface warming in the North Atlantic. Although a few models simulate a surface warming of ~ 8-12 ° in the North Atlantic, similar to the reconstruction from Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM), most models underestimate this warming. The large model-spread and model-data discrepancies in the PlioMIP2 ensemble does not support the hypothesis that an intensification of the AMOC, together with an increase in northward ocean heat transport, is the dominant forcing for the mid-Pliocene warm climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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47. Rapid waxing and waning of Beringian ice sheet reconcile glacial climate records from around North Pacific.

Author

Zhongshi Zhang, Qing Yan, Ran Zhang, Colleoni, Florence, Ramstein, Gilles, Gaowen Dai, Jakobsson, Martin, O'Regan, Matt, Liess, Stefan, Rousseau, Denis-Didier, Naiqing Wu, Farmer, Elizabeth J., Contoux, Camille, Chuncheng Guo, Ning Tan, and Zhengtang Guo

Abstract

Throughout the Pleistocene the Earth has experienced pronounced glacial-interglacial cycles, which have been debated for decades. One concept widely held is that during most glacials only the Laurentide-Eurasian ice sheets across North America and Northwest Eurasia became expansive, while Northeast Siberia-Beringia remained ice-sheet-free. However, the recognition of glacial landforms and deposits on Northeast Siberia-Beringia and off the Siberian continental shelf is beginning to call into question this paradigm. Here, we combine climate and ice sheet modelling with well-dated paleoclimate records from the mid-to-high latitude North Pacific to demonstrate the episodic occurrences of an ice sheet across Northeast Siberia-Beringia. Our simulations first show that the paleoclimate records are irreconcilable with the established paradigm of Laurentide-Eurasia-only ice sheets, and then reveal that a Beringian ice sheet over Northeast Siberia-Beringia causes feedbacks between atmosphere and ocean, the result of which better explains these climate records from around the North Pacific during the past four glacial-interglacial cycles. Our simulations propose an alternative scenario for NH ice sheet evolution, which involves the rapid waxing and waning of the Beringian ice sheet alongside the growth of the Laurentide-Eurasian ice sheets. The new scenario settles the long-standing discrepancies between the direct glacial evidence and the climate evolution from around the mid-to-high latitude North Pacific. It depicts a high complexity in glacial climates and has important implications for our understanding of the dispersal of prehistoric humans through Beringia into North America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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48. A return to large-scale features of Pliocene climate: the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2.

Author

Haywood, Alan M., Tindall, Julia C., Dowsett, Harry J., Dolan, Aisling M., Foley, Kevin M., Hunter, Stephen J., Hill, Dan J., Wing-Le Chan, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Stepanek, Christian, Lohmann, Gerrit, Chandan, Deepak, Peltier, W. Richard, Ning Tan, Contoux, Camille, Ramstein, Gilles, Xiangyu Li, Zhongshi Zhang, Chuncheng Guo, and Nisancioglu, Kerim H.

Abstract

The Pliocene epoch has great potential to improve our understanding of the long-term climatic and environmental consequences of an atmospheric CO2 concentration near ~ 400 parts per million by volume. Here we present the large-scale features of Pliocene climate as simulated by a new ensemble of climate models of varying complexity and spatial resolution and based on new reconstructions of boundary conditions (the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2; PlioMIP2). As a global annual average, modelled surface air temperatures increase by between 1.4 and 4.7 °C relative to pre-industrial with a multi-model mean value of 2.8 °C. Annual mean total precipitation rates increase by 6 % (range: 2 %-13 %). On average, surface air temperature (SAT) increases are 1.3 °C greater over the land than over the oceans, and there is a clear pattern of polar amplification with warming polewards of 60° N and 60° S exceeding the global mean warming by a factor of 2.4. In the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, meridional temperature gradients are reduced, while tropical zonal gradients remain largely unchanged. Although there are some modelling constraints, there is a statistically significant relationship between a model's climate response associated with a doubling in CO2 (Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity; ECS) and its simulated Pliocene surface temperature response. The mean ensemble earth system response to doubling of CO2 (including ice sheet feedbacks) is approximately 50 % greater than ECS, consistent with results from the PlioMIP1 ensemble. Proxy-derived estimates of Pliocene sea-surface temperatures are used to assess model estimates of ECS and indicate a range in ECS from 2.5 to 4.3 °C. This result is in general accord with the range in ECS presented by previous IPCC Assessment Reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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49. Modeling a modern-like pCO2 warm period (Marine Isotope Stage KM5c) with two versions of an Institut Pierre Simon Laplace atmosphere–ocean coupled general circulation model.

Author

Tan, Ning, Contoux, Camille, Ramstein, Gilles, Sun, Yong, Dumas, Christophe, Sepulchre, Pierre, and Guo, Zhengtang

Subjects
GENERAL circulation model, INTERGLACIALS, MERIDIONAL overturning circulation, GREENLAND ice, ICE sheets, SEA ice
Abstract

The mid-Piacenzian warm period (3.264 to 3.025 Ma) is the most recent geological period with present-like atmospheric pCO2 and is thus expected to have exhibited a warm climate similar to or warmer than the present day. On the basis of understanding that has been gathered on the climate variability of this interval, a specific interglacial (Marine Isotope Stage KM5c, MIS KM5c; 3.205 Ma) has been selected for the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project phase 2 (PlioMIP 2). We carried out a series of experiments according to the design of PlioMIP2 with two versions of the Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL) atmosphere–ocean coupled general circulation model (AOGCM): IPSL-CM5A and IPSL-CM5A2. Compared to the PlioMIP 1 experiment, run with IPSL-CM5A, our results show that the simulated MIS KM5c climate presents enhanced warming in mid- to high latitudes, especially over oceanic regions. This warming can be largely attributed to the enhanced Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation caused by the high-latitude seaway changes. The sensitivity experiments, conducted with IPSL-CM5A2, show that besides the increased pCO2 , both modified orography and reduced ice sheets contribute substantially to mid- to high latitude warming in MIS KM5c. When considering the pCO2 uncertainties (+/- 50 ppmv) during the Pliocene, the response of the modeled mean annual surface air temperature to changes to pCO2 (+/-50 ppmv) is not symmetric, which is likely due to the nonlinear response of the cryosphere (snow cover and sea ice extent). By analyzing the Greenland Ice Sheet surface mass balance, we also demonstrate its vulnerability under both MIS KM5c and modern warm climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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50. Instability of Northeast Siberian ice sheet during glacials

Author

Zhang, Zhongshi, primary, Yan, Qing, additional, Farmer, Elizabeth J., additional, Li, Camille, additional, Ramstein, Gilles, additional, Hughes, Terence, additional, Jakobsson, Martin, additional, O'Regan, Matt, additional, Zhang, Ran, additional, Tan, Ning, additional, Contoux, Camille, additional, Dumas, Christophe, additional, and Guo, Chuncheng, additional

Published
2018
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