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Triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm.) is mainly used for animal feed, but recent studies have shown its possible beneficial effect for human health. The objective of this study was to investigate the nutritional quality of triticale grown under different cropping systems in Latvia. Two winter triticale varieties, ‘Inarta’ and ‘Ruja’, were cultivated in 2014 and 2015 under conventional and organic cropping systems. Protein, starch, and total dietary fibre were determined using standard methods. Ultrasound assisted extraction was used for isolation of phenolic compounds. Total phenol content (TPC) and radical scavenging activity in extracts were determined spectrophotometrically. Overall, the highest content of protein, TPC and ABTS cation scavenging activity occurred in triticale harvested in 2014, due to favourable weather conditions (warm weather and more precipitation in June–July) for accumulation of these compounds during grain filling. Higher starch content in all studied samples harvested in 2015, as compared to 2014, was explained by higher precipitation in July 2015. The type of cropping system had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on protein and starch content, while TPC, DPPH, and ABTS·+ scavenging activity was influenced by cropping system, depending on variety.

Sustainable agriculture aims to reduce its environmental impact. In this research, the carbon footprint and energetic analysis have been performed for three consecutive years to investigate the actual environmental impact of processing tomato production, in the organic (OS) vs the conventional cropping systems (CS), in a specialized Mediterranean area in Southern Italy. The global warming potential (GWP, in term of kg CO2-eq) and primary energy demand (PED, in term of MJ) of processing tomato produced in the two systems (average of three years) were compared in this study. Our results indicate that GWP was on average + 22% in the OS than in CS using 1 ton of marketable fresh fruits as FU. On the other hand, GWP recorded in the OS was, on average, −40% compared to the CS, if 1 ha was considered. A similar impact was registered for PED. The OS showed +28% vs −38% of PED than the CS, using 1 t of marketable fresh fruit vs 1 ha. Pesticide and fungicide applications and soil tillage had the highest impacts among management inputs on GWP and PED, for both farming systems. Hence, the environmental efficiency of these practices could be largely improved in the production of processing tomato aiming at sustainable farming. In conclusion, the differences of sustainability observed between the two farming systems were mainly due to the far lower marketable yield recorded in the OS vs the CS. Therefore, the priority future challenge of organic processing tomato farming should be the reduction of the yield gap between the OS and the CS, through the development of both new genotypes and innovative management methods, designed to reduce the gap, but not increasing the environmental impact on the agroecosystem.

Rye is a cereal which is very much demanded at the market, for making a special kind of bread, but it is little grown in Serbia. The aim of this paper is to investigate possibilities of organic growing of winter rye, comparing with the conventional one, in agroecological conditions of Valjevo hilly region during 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 cropping seasons. The trial was set up in a village of Kotešica, on soil which had not been used for agriculture for 7 years. In organic cropping system three combinations of microbiological fertiliser baktofil with zeolite and hydrogel were used prior to sowing. Half of each plot was treated with foliar microbiological fertiliser Slavol during crop growing period. In conventional cropping system three variants with mineral fertilisers were included: NPK, NPK+zeolite, NPK+hydrogel. Results of the yield obtained in the experiment showed a significant difference between two seasons, 2008/2009 and 2009/2010. In comparison with the control, the treatments in an organic cropping system resulted with statistically insignificant differences for mean values in both years, while the mean in conventional cropping system has significantly higher yield of winter rye. Organic cropping system under conditions of Valjevo hilly region did not give significantly lower rye yield compared with the conventional one in a moderate growing season such was 2008/2009. The combination of soil microbiological fertiliser (Baktofil) with foliar fertiliser (Slavol) and zeolite gave the highest winter rye grain yield in all other treatments in the second year of investigation. In a very wet season (2009/2010) mineral fertiliser NPK showed an advantage, especially in combinations with zeolite, and this treatment can be recommended. Raž je žito, koje je veoma traženo, naročito za spravljanje specijalnih vrsta hleba, ali se malo gaji u Srbiji. Cilj ovog rada je da se ispita mogućnost organskog gajenja ove biljne vrste, u odnosu na konvencionalni u konkretnim agroekološkim uslovima valjevskog pobrđa 2008/2009. i 2009/2010. godine. Ogled je postavljen u selu Kotešica, na zemljištu koje nije korišćeno u konvencionalnoj proizvodnji 7 godina. U organskom sistemu poljoprivredne proizvodnje, korišćene su kombinacije mikrobiološkog đubriva baktofila sa dva poboljšivača zemljišta zeolita i hidrogela, kojima je tretirano zemljište neposredno pred setvu. Polovina svake elementarne parcele je prihranjena folijarno, takođe mikrobiološkim đubrivom, slavolom u toku vegetacionog perioda biljaka. U konvencionalnom sistemu poljoprivredne proizvodnje uključene su tri varijante sa kompleksnim mineralnim NPK đubrivom i kombinacija sa zeolitom i hidrogelom, kojima je tretirano zemljište neposredno pred setvu. Dobijeni rezultati prosečnih prinosa ozime raži pokazuju značajne razlike između vegetacionih sezona 2008/2009. i 2009/2010. U poređenju sa kontrolom, tretmani u organskom sistemu gajenja nisu dali značajne razlike prosečnih vrednosti prinosa u obe godine istraživanja, dok je prosečan prinos dobijen u konvencionalnom sistemu gajenja bio značajno veći. U uslovima umerene vegetacione sezone 2008/2009. godine u regionu valjevskog pobrđa u organskom sistemu gajenja nije ustanovljeno smanjenje prinosa u odnosu na konvencionalni. Kombinacija zemljišnog sa folijarnim mikrobiološkim đubrivom i zeolitom je dala najbolji rezultat i najveći prinos ozime raži u drugoj godini istraživanja, pa se preporučuje kao najbolja kombinacija u organskom sistemu gajenja. U veoma vlažnoj godini, kao što je bila 2009/2010. mineralna đubriva su pokazala prednost, naročito u kombinaciji sa zeolitom i ovaj tretman se može preporučiti u sličnim uslovima.

Avec les remerciements pour Jodie Thénard; International audience; Agricultural intensification has led to reduced soil biodiversity in arable lands. The potential benefits from organic farming and from low-input cropping systems have not yet been precisely assessed. Earthworm, having important agro-ecological functions, may be affected by pesticide applications, especially those species living mainly in the surface soil layer. We used a five-year experimental database including conventional and organic cropping systems to establish simple relationships between the Treatment Frequency Index - a phytosanitary indicator of pesticide pressure - and the abundance of three important earthworm species. We found that insecticides have more negative influence on earthworm species than herbicides and fungicides, and that species living in the soil's surface layer were the most affected by pesticides. Density of these earthworm species could be multiplied by a factor 1.5-4 if the Treatment Frequency Index was halved, as is currently required by some European regulations. Our results thus demonstrate that a reduction in pesticide application would increase earthworm population density in agricultural fields.

This study was carried out on Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, fields in Backi Petrovac, Serbia in conventional (2010-2012) and organic (2012) cropping systems. The results of four buckwheat varieties: Novosadska, Darja, Prekmurska and Francuska are presented here. The average yield that all tested buckwheat variety obtained in 2010 was significantly higher than 2011 value, respectively (p lt 0,05). Genotype, year and their interaction showed statistical significance (p lt 0.05, p lt 0.01). The differences of significance from the point of production cropping systems on the average value of the traits were statistically not significant (p gt 0.05). This piece of data is extremely important because of the knowledge that buckwheat can be successfully grown in organic production. Istraživanja su sprovedena na parcelama Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, u Bačkom Petrovcu, u uslovima konvencionalnog, 2010-2012.,i organskog sistema gajenja, tokom 2012. U radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja četiri sorte heljde: Novosadska, Darja, Prekmurska i Francuska. Prosečni prinosi heljde kod svih ispitivanih genotipova u 2010. godini bili su visoko signifikantno viši u odnosu na 2011. godinu (p lt 0,05). Genotip, godina i njihova interakcija pokazuju statističku značajnost (p lt 0.05). Ustanovljene razlike značajnosti sa stanovišta uticaja sistema proizvodnje na prosečne vrednosti ispitivanih osobina statistički nisu bile signifikantne (p >0,05). Ovaj podatak je izuzetno važan zbog saznanja da se heljda može vrlo uspešno proizvoditi i u organskoj proizvodnji.

There is rising interest for hulless barley use in human nutrition and industrial processing. Hulless barley is a relatively new cereal crop; the hulls of it can be separated from grain during threshing. This cereal has been recognized as being more valuable and economic in food industry than covered barley. Several studies show the positive influence of hulless barley food products on human health; it can be utilized in many different food products. Aim of this paper is to investigate possibilities of organic growing of hulless barley, comparing with conventional one, in agroecological conditions of Valjevo hilly region during 2008/2009. Trial was set up in Kotešica village on soil which was not used for agriculture for 7 years. In organic cropping system three combinations of microbiological fertilizer baktofil with zeolite and hydrogel were used prior to sowing. Half of each plot was treated with foliar microbiological fertilizer (Slavol) during crop growing period. In conventional cropping system three variants with mineral fertilizers were included: NPK, NPK+zeolite, NPK+hydrogel. Results of the yield obtained in the experiment showed no significant differences between control and treatments. Yield average in organic cropping system (4,54 t/ha) was slightly higher than in conventional one (4,48 t/ha), but both of them were lower than in control with no fertilizer (4,65 t/ha). According to yield obtained in separate plots, the highest value gave the treatment NPK+zeolit+slavol. Different microbiological fertilizers combined with NPK fertilizer and zeolite give the maximum results in hulles barly production. Poslednjih desetak godina u svetu raste interes za upotrebom golozrnog ječma u direktnoj ljudskoj ishrani i industrijskoj preradi. Razlog za to je pre svega što golozrni ječam predstavlja bogat izvor rastvorljivih biljnih vlakana, koji povoljno utiču na ljudsko zdravlje. Cilj ovog rada je da se ispita mogućnost organskog gajenja ove biljne vrste, u odnosu na konvencionalni u konkretnim agroekološkim uslovima Valjevskog pobrđa 2008/2009 godine. Ogled je postavljen u selu Kotešica, na zemljištu koje nije korišćeno u konvencionalnoj proizvodnji 7 godina. U organskom sistemu poljoprivredne proizvodnje, korišćene su kombinacije mikrobiološkog đubriva baktofila sa dva poboljšivača zemljišta zeolita i hidrogela, kojima je tretirano zemljište neposredno pred setvu, a u toku vegetacionog perioda neke varijante ogleda su folijarno tretirane mikrobiološkim đubrivom (slavol). U konvencionalnom sistemu poljoprivredne proizvodnje uključene su tri varijante sa kompleksnim mineralnim NPK đubrivom i kombinacija sa zeolitom i hidrogelom, kojima je tretirano zemljište neposredno pred setvu. Dobijeni rezultati prosečnih prinosa golozrnog ječma pokazuju da na parceli, koja nije korišćena dugi niz godina, nisu dobijene značajne razlike između kontrole, bez đubrenja i tretmana sa mikrobiološkim ili mineralnim đubrivima. Prosečni prinos u organskom sistemu gajenja (4,54 t/ha) je bio nešto viši od konvencionalnog (4,48 t/ha), a oba su bila nešto niža od kontrole bez đubrenja (4,65 t/ha). Posmatrajući prinose po pojedinačnim varijantama najveći prinos je postignut u tretmanu NPK+zeolit+slavol. U ovoj varijanti ogleda mikrobiološka đubriva su u kombinaciji sa NPK i poboljšivačem zemljišta dala maksimalne rezultate u gajenju golozrnog ječma.