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Background: The ethical complexity of residential care is especially apparent for staff responding to residents' inappropriate sexual expression, particularly when directed towards care workers as these residents are typically frail, often cognitively impaired, and require ongoing care. Objectives: To explore staff accounts of how they made meaning of and responded to residents' unwanted sexual behaviours directed towards staff. This exploration includes whether staff appeared to accept harassment as a workplace hazard to be managed, or an unacceptable workplace violation, or something else. Methods: These qualitative data are drawn from a national two‐arm mixed method study in Aotearoa New Zealand undertaken in 35 residential care facilities. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 77 staff, residents and family members. Interpretive description was used to analyse the data. Results: Staff had numerous ways they used to respond to behaviours: (1) minimisation, deflection and de‐escalation, where staff used strategies to minimise behaviours without requiring any accountability from residents; (2) holding residents accountable, where staff to some degree addressed the behaviour directly with residents; (3) blurred boundaries and complexities in intimate long‐term care, where staff noted that in a context where touch is common‐place, cognitive function was diminished and relationships were long‐term, boundaries were easily breached; (4) dehumanising and infantilising residents' behaviours, where staff appeared to assert control through diminishing the residents' identity as an older person. It was evident that staff had developed considerable practice wisdom focused on preserving the care relationship although few referred to policy and education guiding practice. Conclusions: Staff appeared to be navigating a complex ethical terrain with thoughtfulness and skill. Care workers seemed reluctant to label resident behaviour as sexual harassment, and the term may not fit for staff where they perceive residents are frail and cognitively impaired. Implications for practice: Policy, education and clinical leadership are recommended to augment practice wisdom and ensure staff and resident safety and dignity and to determine how best to intervene with residents' unwanted sexual behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores attitudes of staff, residents and family members towards sexually diverse persons based on data from the first national study of its kind in Aotearoa New Zealand. The study was a two-arm mixed-method cross-sectional study using a concurrent triangulation design. The quantitative arm included the results of 433 staff surveys related to knowledge, attitudes, behaviours and beliefs about sexuality, intimacy and ageing. The qualitative arm included interviews with 77 participants including staff, residents and family members. This paper focuses only on sexual diversity. A generational cultural effect was noted among all respondents; younger participants expressed the most open and accepting views of diversity. Residents were aware that they mostly held the views of their generation; nonetheless they also looked to staff to set the tone. Staff held varying views and felt that residents would be less accepting; some staff felt the issue of intimate relationships was not something they were willing to discuss at intake. Facilities will want to establish policies about sexuality and intimacy and communicate those policies and practices to staff, residents and family members. Facilities may also wish to consider specific educational events about sexual diversity for residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The co-occurrence of individual Calamintha glandulosa (Req.) Bentham plants of two different chemotype within the same population is reported. The main constituents of the essential oil of plants of Chemotype I, were, cis- and trans-piperitone oxide, limonene and piperitenone oxide and of Chemotype II, were, menthone, pulegone, piperitenone and piperitone The chemotypes were conserved in cultivated plants. The end-products of monoterpene biosynthesis in April (vegetative stage) were trans-piperitone oxide and menthone in Chemotype I and II, respectively while in early September (flowering) there was an increase in precursory intermediates and their related biosynthetic products, i.e. limonene and piperitenone oxide in Chemotype I and pulegone, piperitenone and piperitone in Chemotype II. Differences in the percentage composition of the main oil constituents were observed between the oils from the different organs of plants in the same developmental stage and between the same organs in different developmental stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composition of the inflorescence (I), leaf (L) and stem (S) essential oils of wild Mentha pulegium plants from three populations (1-3) on the island of Zakynthos were examined. Pulegone (32.8 %, S1 to 75.8 %, I3) was the major constituent of all of the oils. The other main constituents were piperitenone (5.1 %, L3 to 35 %, I2), isomenthone (4.3 %, I2 to 28.6 %, L3) and piperitone (0.5 %, I3 to 5.2 %, L2). In total, C-3-oxygenated p-menthane compounds constituted from 73.0 % (S1) to 96.2 % (I2) of the oils. The piperitenone content of the inflorescence oils was up to 2.4 (Loc 3) times higher than that of the leaf oils. Correspondingly, the isomenthone content of the leaf oils was up to 4.2 (Loc 2) times higher than that of the inflorescence oils. The ratio of the isomenthone:piperitenone content of the oils (n=3) was markedly different for the inflorescence (mean 0.31 ±SD 0.21), leaf (mean 2.91 ± SD 2.37) and stem (mean 1.12 ± SD 0.68) oils. The essential oil yields (mL /100g DW) were for the inflorescences 3.1-5.0 %, leaves 3.1-4.0 %, stems <0.1-0.1% and whole plant (aerial parts) 2.4-3.9 % and are among the highest oil yields reported to date in Greece for M. pulegium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wild Mentha spicata plants from 3 locations on the Island of Zakynthos had essential oil yields (mL /100g DW) ranging from 0.5-1.1 %. The main oil constituents were trans-piperitone oxide, piperitenone oxide and 1,8-cineole. On a whole plant basis (aerial parts) the trans-piperitone oxide content ranged from 1.4 % location (Loc 1) to 32.5 % (Loc 3) and appeared to have an inverse relationship with the 1,8-cineole content which ranged from 10.8 % (Loc 3) to 37.9 % (Loc 1). 1,8-cineole was the major oil constituent (37.9 %) of M. spicata plants from Loc 1. The major constituent of the inflorescence oils was piperitenone oxide which ranged from 32.4 % (Loc 3) to 46.3 % of the oil (Loc 1). The major constituent of the leaf oils was 1,8-cineole (40.5 %) in plants from Loc 1 and trans-piperitone oxide in plants from Loc 2 (19.8 %) and Loc 3 (33.5 %). This is the first report for wild populations in Greece of a M. spicata oil in which 1,8-cineole is the major constituent. The observed variation in essential oil composition between locations and plant organs in July would not appear to be directly related to the climatic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]