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2. The relationship between predicted and measured illuminance in 59 interiors

Author

Cook, Geoffrey K.

Subjects
535, Room lighting
Abstract

This thesis describes a programme of study of the comparison of predicted and measured working plane illuminance. In particular a general relationship is identified which, when applied to the results reported in this study, reduces the differences between predicted and measured illuminance. The development of lighting calculations used to predict illuminance is reviewed. This identifies the changes in the calculation methods from the generally empirical approach to those based on mathematical methods involving finite elements. The role of the computer as an aid for practical lighting design is identified and described. The information gathered from the lighting survey of 59 rooms is described together with the accuracy, methodology and measurement equipment. A large number of the surveyed rooms fail to meet the recommended working plane illuminance. Using the information from the survey a computer programme is used to predict the working plane illuminance in the rooms. The computer programme is an example of good practice for practical lighting design calculations. There is a significant difference between predicted and measured illuminance, with predicted illuminance greater in 58 of the rooms. The factors which influence this difference are discussed. The influence of the floor cavity is examined in detail and described in the ''Sports Hall Experiment". This allows a relationship between working plane illuminance and effective floor cavity reflectance to be identified. Further studies are identified which would extend the relationships described in this study.

Published
1995

6. Decision-making on HVAC&R systems selection: a critical review.

Author

Shahrestani, Mehdi, Yao, Runming, Cook, Geoffrey K, and Clements-Croome, Derek

Subjects
DECISION making, AIR quality
Abstract

Buildings account for more than 40% of total energy consumption in most countries and more than 55% of this energy is used by heating, ventilation, air-conditioning and refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems. This significant energy demand, together with the global need to impose energy-efficiency measures, underlines the importance of selecting the most appropriate HVAC&R system in the early stages of a design process. However, this state-of-the-art study reveals that there is no review paper available in the open literature to critically analyse the existing methods for HVAC&R systems selection. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to critically review the body of knowledge on the adopted approach for HVAC&R systems selection. Based on the comprehensive literature review, the needs and gaps in this field are identified. It is revealed that the integration of probabilistic climate changes into the decision-making processes is one of the main areas that should be addressed in future studies. In addition, reliability and Life Cycle Cost of the systems, health and well-being, occupants’ satisfaction and indoor air quality are of paramount factors that should be taken into account in the decision-making process for HVAC&R systems selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
Full Text
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9. A review of existing building benchmarks and the development of a set of reference office buildings for England and Wales.

Author

Shahrestani, Mehdi, Yao, Runming, and Cook, Geoffrey K.

Subjects
BUILT environment, OFFICE building energy consumption, ARCHITECTURE, ENERGY policy
Abstract

The modern built environment has become more complex in terms of building types, environmental systems and use profiles. This complexity causes difficulties in terms of optimizing buildings energy design. In this circumstance, introducing a set of prototypical reference buildings, or so-called benchmark buildings, that are able to represent all or majority parts of the UK building stock may be useful for examination of the effect of national energy policies on building energy consumption. This study proposes a set of reference office buildings for England and Wales based on the information collected from the Non-Domestic Building Stock project and an intensive review of the existing building benchmarks. The proposed building benchmark comprises of 10 prototypical reference buildings, which in relation to built form and size, represent 95% of office buildings in England and Wales. This building benchmark provides a platform for those involved in building energy simulations to evaluate energy-efficiency measures and for policymakers to assess the influence of different building energy policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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10. Decision Making for HVAC&R System Selection for a Typical Office Building in the UK.

Author

Shahrestani, Mehdi, Yao, Runming, and Cook, Geoffrey K.

Subjects
*DECISION making, *HEATING & ventilation industry, *OFFICE building energy consumption, *THERMAL comfort, *INDOOR air quality
Abstract

Demands for thermal comfort, better indoor air quality together with lower environmental impacts have had ascending trends in the last decade. In many circumstances, these demands could not be fully covered through the soft approach of bioclimatic design like optimization of the building orientation and internal layout. This is mostly because of the dense urban environment and the internal energy loads of the building. In such cases, heating, ventilation, air-conditioning and refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems make a key contribution to fulfilling the requirements of the indoor environment. Therefore, the most appropriate HVAC&R system must be selected. In this study, a robust decision making approach for HVAC&R system selection is proposed. Technical performance, economic and environmental impacts of 36 permutations of primary and secondary systems are taken into account to choose the most appropriate HVAC&R system for a case study office building. The building is a representative of the dominant form of office buildings in the UK. Dynamic performance evaluation of HVAC&R alternatives using the TRNSYS package together with life-cycle energy cost analysis is undertaken to provide a reliable basis for decision making. The six scenarios considered in this paper broadly cover the decision makers' attitudes on HVAC&R system selection. These scenarios are analyzed through an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and sensitivity analyses which prove the robustness of the final decision for each scenario. One of the significant outcomes of this study reveals that the compound heating, cooling and power system (CCHP), despite the high level of energy demand and also a higher initial investment, is one of the top-ranked alternatives due to the lower energy cost and C02 emissions. The proposed approach and the results of this study could be used by researchers and designers, especially in the early stages of a design process where all the involved bodies commonly face a lack of time, information and the tools necessary for the evaluation of a variety of HVAC&R systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012

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