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A discussion of the international aspects and benefits of the human genome project is provided, with emphasis on its ultimate focus toward curing and preventing disease. Treating and curing the diseases that now threaten man's existence in the developed world, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and stroke, require an understanding of the contribution of genetics. Information from gene cloning (reproduction of specific genetic sequences) has already enriched cancer research. The tools of genetic research are applicable to complex diseases, not only to disorders that are monogenic (resulting from one gene). Although the developing world needs improved sanitation, nutrition, and economies, the organisms that cause disease in these regions must also be fought. Presently, DNA analysis offers the possibility for dramatic improvements in diagnosis of these disorders. Certain population groups offer opportunities for studying unique genetic events, such as very isolated populations, or populations where intermarriage among persons who are closely related genetically is common. The genome project can organize research projects in these areas in a manner most effective for making maximal scientific use of the material. A history of international interest in a human genome project is provided. Several nations have mounted such projects, with collaborative arrangements still to be worked out. It is hoped that the Human Genome Organization (HUGO), formed in 1988, will coordinate research efforts. Abuse of information obtained from mapping the human genome must be prevented by the alertness of the medical and scientific communities. One way to prevent abuse is the ongoing review of the ethical aspects of this research by the National Institutes of Health, HUGO, and UNESCO. The human genome project is fundamentally an international effort. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)