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1. Spring is coming: genetic analyses of the bud break date locus reveal candidate genes from the cold perception pathway to dormancy release in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.)

Author

Marcus Vinícius Kvitschal, Amanda Malvessi Cattani, Tiago Sartor, Carolina Tessele, Carla Andréa Delatorre, Marcos Mota do Carmo Costa, Luís Fernando Revers, Roberto C. Togawa, Priscila Grynberg, Sérgio Amorim de Alencar, Vanessa Buffon, Vítor da Silveira Falavigna, Diogo Denardi Porto, Frederico Denardi, Orzenil B. Silva-Junior, Paulo Ricardo Dias de Oliveira, Yohanna Evelyn Miotto, Georgios J. Pappas, Ana Beatriz Costa Czermainski, YOHANNA EVELYN MIOTTO, UFRGS, CAROLINA TESSELE, UFRGS, ANA BEATRIZ COSTA CZERMAINSKI, CNPUV, DIOGO DENARDI PORTO, CPATSA, VÍTOR DA SILVEIRA FALAVIGNA, UFRGS, TIAGO SARTOR, UFRGS, AMANDA MALVESSI CATTANI, UFRGS, CARLA ANDREA DELATORRE, UFRGS, SÉRGIO AMORIM DE ALENCAR, UCB, ORZENIL BONFIM DA SILVA JUNIOR, Cenargen, ROBERTO COITI TOGAWA, Cenargen, MARCOS MOTA DO CARMO COSTA, Cenargen, GEORGIOS JOANNIS PAPPAS JÚNIOR, UNB, PRISCILA GRYNBERG, Cenargen, PAULO RICARDO DIAS DE OLIVEIRA, CNPUV, MARCUS VINÍCIUS KVITSCHAL, EPAGRI, FREDERICO DENARDI, EPAGRI, VANESSA BUFFON, CNPUV, LUÍS FERNANDO REVERS, UFRGS., Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento [Brasil] (MAPA), Governo do Brasil-Governo do Brasil, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP) : 0107009700, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria (Embrapa) : 02.12.12.003.00.02, Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES -Ministry of Education), CAPES, CAPES : 15/2014 83, and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq, Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communications) : 305122/2014-2

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Candidate gene, Malus, linkage mapping, Bud dormancy, MdoPRE1, apple, Locus (genetics), Plant Science, Quantitative trait locus, Biology, lcsh:Plant culture, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Annual growth cycle of grapevines, Chilling requirement, Genetic linkage, bud dormancy, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, lcsh:SB1-1110, MdoFLC, Genetics, MdoICE1, Vegetal Biology, Apples, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, chilling requirement, Genetic marker, Linkage mapping, Dormancy, Biologie végétale, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Chilling requirement (CR) for bud dormancy completion determines the time of bud break in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.). The molecular control of bud dormancy is highly heritable, suggesting a strong genetic control of the trait. An available Infinium II SNP platform for genotyping containing 8,788 single nucleotide polymorphic markers was employed, and linkage maps were constructed in a F1 cross from the low CR M13/91 and the moderate CR cv. Fred Hough. These maps were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for bud break date as a trait related to dormancy release. A major QTL for bud break was detected at the beginning of linkage group 9 (LG9). This QTL remained stable during seven seasons in two different growing sites. To increase mapping efficiency in detecting contributing genes underlying this QTL, 182 additional SNP markers located at the locus for bud break were used. Combining linkage mapping and structural characterization of the region, the high proportion of the phenotypic variance in the trait explained by the QTL is related to the coincident positioning of Arabidopsis orthologs for ICE1, FLC, and PRE1 protein-coding genes. The proximity of these genes from the most explanatory markers of this QTL for bud break suggests potential genetic additive effects, reinforcing the hypothesis of inter-dependent mechanisms controlling dormancy induction and release in apple trees. Made available in DSpace on 2019-06-12T00:39:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fpls1000033.pdf: 2246583 bytes, checksum: 39a0aa3363675b7338cebcaa1d270aee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Published
2019
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2. Evolutionary diversification of galactinol synthases in Rosaceae: adaptive roles of galactinol and raffinose during apple bud dormancy

Author

Diogo Denardi Porto, Giancarlo Pasquali, Vítor da Silveira Falavigna, Luís Fernando Revers, Paulo Ricardo Dias de Oliveira, Yohanna Evelyn Miotto, Márcia Margis-Pinheiro, Henrique Pessoa dos Santos, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento [Brasil] (MAPA), Governo do Brasil-Governo do Brasil, 'Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos' (FINEP) : 0107009700, Embrapa : 02.12.12.003.00.02, 'Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior' (CAPES, Ministry of Education), and 'Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico' (CNPq) : 309869/2012-9, 304991/2014-7

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Malus, Physiology, Transgene, tolerance to water deficit, Flowers, Plant Science, Genetically modified crops, Biology, Disaccharides, 01 natural sciences, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Raffinose, Malus × domestica, Arabidopsis, Gene expression, bud dormancy, raffinose family oligosaccharides, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Rosaceae, Gene, Malus x domestica, Plant Proteins, Genetics, fungi, Apple, 15. Life on land, Galactosyltransferases, Plant Dormancy, biology.organism_classification, Research Papers, transgenic expression, galactinol synthase, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Plant—Environment Interactions, whole-genome duplication, Dormancy, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Galactinol and raffinose act together to protect dormant buds against limited availability of winter water; the apple galactinol synthases MdGolS1 and MdGolS2 are responsible for their seasonal accumulation during dormancy., Galactinol synthase (GolS) is a key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), which play roles in carbon storage, signal transduction, and osmoprotection. The present work assessed the evolutionary history of GolS genes across the Rosaceae using several bioinformatic tools. Apple (Malus × domestica) GolS genes were transcriptionally characterized during bud dormancy, in parallel with galactinol and raffinose measurements. Additionally, MdGolS2, a candidate to regulate seasonal galactinol and RFO content during apple bud dormancy, was functionally characterized in Arabidopsis. Evolutionary analyses revealed that whole genome duplications have driven GolS gene evolution and diversification in Rosaceae speciation. The strong purifying selection identified in duplicated GolS genes suggests that differential gene expression might define gene function better than protein structure. Interestingly, MdGolS2 was differentially expressed during bud dormancy, concomitantly with the highest galactinol and raffinose levels. One of the intrinsic adaptive features of bud dormancy is limited availability of free water; therefore, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing MdGolS2. They showed higher galactinol and raffinose contents and increased tolerance to water deficit. Our results suggest that MdGolS2 is the major GolS responsible for RFO accumulation during apple dormancy, and these carbohydrates help to protect dormant buds against limited water supply.

Published
2018
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