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Background: Given the continuous knowledge progression and the growing number of available antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), making appropriate treatment choices for patients with epilepsy is increasingly difficult. While published guidelines help for separate clinical aspects, patients with a combination of specific characteristics may escape proper guidance. This study aimed to determine the appropriateness of AEDs for particular clinical variables and to offer treatment recommendations for adult patients with epilepsy in a user-friendly format for practicing neurologists. Methods: Using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method, the appropriateness of AEDs as initial/second mono-therapy and combination therapy was assessed in relation to selected clinical variables by a Belgian panel of 13 experts in epilepsy. Panel recommendations for particular patient profiles were determined by the outcome of these separate ratings. Results: The appropriateness outcome of individual AEDs was not substantially different between first and second mono-therapy; valproate was considered appropriate for all types of generalised and partial seizures. The outcome for combination therapy was highly dependent on the type of AED and seizures. With respect to co-morbidities and co-treatments, levetiracetam and pregabalin proved to have the least contra-indications. For the elderly and with respect to factors related to the female reproductive system the appropriateness of AEDs showed a more diffuse pattern. Although caution was deemed necessary for some combinations, the AEDs were never considered inappropriate regarding their drug interaction profile. Conclusions: The Epi-Scope ® tool that displays appropriateness recommendations for highly specific, possibly complex cases, supports optimal treatment choices for adult patients with epilepsy in daily practice. © 2011 British Epilepsy Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Amphiphysin, a synaptic vesicle protein, is an auto-immune target in rare cases of paraneoplastic neurological disorders. We report two additional cases with distinct neurological syndromes and paraneoplastic anti-amphiphysin antibodies. The first patient, a 59-year-old man, presented with cerebellar and cranial nerve dysfunction and small cell lung carcinoma. The second, a 77-year-old woman, presented with left brachial plexopathy followed by sensorimotor neuropathy and breast carcinoma.