99 results on '"Coppens V"'
Search Results
2. The relationship between immune and cognitive dysfunction in mood and psychotic disorder: a systematic review and a meta-analysis
- Author
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Morrens, M., Overloop, C., Coppens, V., Loots, E., Van Den Noortgate, M., Vandenameele, S., Leboyer, M., and De Picker, L.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. The Psychology of Kink: a Survey Study into the Relationships of Trauma and Attachment Style with BDSM Interests
- Author
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Ten Brink, S., Coppens, V., Huys, W., and Morrens, M.
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- 2021
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- View/download PDF
4. Psychomotor assessment as a tool to differentiate schizophrenia from other psychotic disorders
- Author
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Janssens, S., Moens, H., Coppens, V., Vandendriessche, F., Hulstijn, W., Sabbe, B., and Morrens, M.
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- 2018
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5. Quinolinic acid levels predict symptom reduction in bipolar depression treated with continuous Theta Burst Stimulation
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Dellink, A., primary, Hebbrecht, K., additional, Morrens, M., additional, and Coppens, V., additional
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
6. Efficacy of inflammation-based stratification for add-on celecoxib or minocycline in major depressive disorder: Protocol of the INSTA-MD double-blind placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial
- Author
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Wessa, C., Janssens, J., Coppens, V., El Abdellati, K., Vergaelen, E., van den Ameele, S., Baeken, C., Zeeuws, D., Milaneschi, Y., Lamers, F., Penninx, B., Claes, S., Morrens, M., and De Picker, L.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Beyond pain: a study on the variance of pain thresholds within BDSM interactions in dominants and submissives
- Author
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Wuyts, E., primary, De Neef, N., additional, Coppens, V., additional, Schuerewegen, A., additional, De Zeeuw-Jans, I., additional, Van Der Pol, M., additional, and Morrens, M., additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Impaired sensorimotor adaption in schizophrenia in comparison to age-matched and elderly controls
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Cornelis, C., Picker, L.J. de, Coppens, V., Morsel, A.M., Timmers, M., Dumont, G.J.H., Sabbe, B.G.C., Morrens, M., Hulstijn, W., Cornelis, C., Picker, L.J. de, Coppens, V., Morsel, A.M., Timmers, M., Dumont, G.J.H., Sabbe, B.G.C., Morrens, M., and Hulstijn, W.
- Abstract
Item does not contain fulltext, Background: The "cognitive dysmetria hypothesis" of schizophrenia proposes a disrupted communication between the cerebellum and cerebral cortex, resulting in sensorimotor and cognitive symptoms. Sensorimotor adaptation relies strongly on the function of the cerebellum. Objectives: This study investigated whether sensorimotor adaptation is reduced in schizophrenia compared with age-matched and elderly healthy controls. Methods: Twenty-nine stably treated patients with schizophrenia, 30 age-matched, and 30 elderly controls were tested in three motor adaptation tasks in which visual movement feedback was unexpectedly altered. In the "rotation adaptation task" the perturbation consisted of a rotation (30° clockwise), in the "gain adaptation task" the extent of the movement feedback was reduced (by a factor of 0.7) and in the "vertical reversal task," up- and downward pen movements were reversed by 180°. Results: Patients with schizophrenia adapted to the perturbations, but their movement times and errors were substantially larger than controls. Unexpectedly, the magnitude of adaptation was significantly smaller in schizophrenia than elderly participants. The impairment already occurred during the first adaptation trials, pointing to a decline in explicit strategy use. Additionally, post-adaptation aftereffects provided strong evidence for impaired implicit adaptation learning. Both negative and positive schizophrenia symptom severities were correlated with indices of the amount of adaptation and its aftereffects. Conclusions: Both explicit and implicit components of sensorimotor adaptation learning were reduced in patients with schizophrenia, adding to the evidence for a role of the cerebellum in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Elderly individuals outperformed schizophrenia patients in the adaptation learning tasks.
- Published
- 2022
9. LC-MS biomarker diagnostics for neuroinflammatory disorders
- Author
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Morrens, M., primary and Coppens, V., additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Human blood outgrowth endothelial cells improve islet survival and function when co-transplanted in a mouse model of diabetes
- Author
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Coppens, V., Heremans, Y., Leuckx, G., Suenens, K., Jacobs-Tulleneers-Thevissen, D., Verdonck, K., Lahoutte, T., Luttun, A., Heimberg, H., and De Leu, N.
- Published
- 2013
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11. Inflammation, Hippocampal Volume, and Therapeutic Outcome following Electroconvulsive Therapy in Depressive Patients: A Pilot Study
- Author
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Belge, Jan-Baptist, Diermen, Linda Van, Sabbe, Bernard, Parizel, Paul M., Morrens, Manuel, Coppens, V., Schrijvers, Didier, Eijndhoven, P.F. van, Belge, Jan-Baptist, Diermen, Linda Van, Sabbe, Bernard, Parizel, Paul M., Morrens, Manuel, Coppens, V., Schrijvers, Didier, and Eijndhoven, P.F. van
- Abstract
Item does not contain fulltext
- Published
- 2020
12. P.257 Heart rate and heart rate variability as trait or state marker for depression? Insights from a ketamine treatment paradigm
- Author
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Schiweck, C., primary, Lutin, E., additional, De Raedt, W., additional, Morrens, M., additional, Coppens, V., additional, Van Hoof, C., additional, Reif, A., additional, Vrieze, E., additional, and Claes, S., additional
- Published
- 2020
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13. The Psychology of Kink: a Survey Study into the Relationships of Trauma and Attachment Style with BDSM Interests
- Author
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Ten Brink, S., primary, Coppens, V., additional, Huys, W., additional, and Morrens, M., additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. A Survey on BDSM-related Activities: BDSM Experience Correlates with Age of First Exposure, Interest Profile, and Role Identity
- Author
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Coppens, V., primary, Ten Brink, S., additional, Huys, W., additional, Fransen, E., additional, and Morrens, M., additional
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- 2019
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15. De impact van stemmingsstabiliserende geneesmiddelen op cytokineconcen-traties bij patiënten met een bipolaire stoornis
- Author
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Van Den Ameele, S, van Diermen, L, Staels, W, Coppens, V, Dumont, G, Sabbe, B, Morrens, M, Psychiatrie, Pathologie/moleculaire en cellulaire geneeskunde, Betacel Neogenese, Faculteit van de Geneeskunde en Farmacie, Medische Biochemie, Neuroprotectie & Neuromodulatie, and Klinische en Levenslooppsychologie
- Subjects
bipolar disorder ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Journal Article ,Cytokine level ,English Abstract ,Mood-stabilising drugs ,Immune response - Abstract
ACHTERGROND: Veranderde cytokineconcentraties bij personen met een bipolaire stoornis ten opzichte van controle-personen suggereren een rol van het immuunsysteem in de pathofysiologie van bipolaire stoornis. Farmacotherapie is een belangrijke verstorende factor in klinisch onderzoek naar cytokineconcentraties. DOEL: Evalueren van cytokineconcentraties bij medicatievrije patiënten met een bipolaire stoornis en van het effect van stemmingsstabiliserende geneesmiddelen op deze concentraties. METHODE: We doorzochten systematisch PubMed en Embase naar klinische studies die cytokineconcentraties bij medicatievrije patiënten met een bipolaire stoornis beschrijven of het effect van een individueel stemmingsstabiliserend geneesmiddel op deze concentraties evalueren. RESULTATEN: Van de 564 gescreende artikelen werden er 17 geïncludeerd. Resultaten bij medicatievrije patiënten toonden stemmingsgerelateerde cytokineveranderingen. Hoewel geen data over de kortetermijneffecten van lithium beschikbaar waren, was lithiumgebruik langer dan 2 maanden geassocieerd met normale cytokineconcentraties. Twee studies rapporteerden geen effect van valproïnezuur. We vonden geen studies over carbamazepine, lamotrigine of antipsychotica. CONCLUSIE: Dit systematisch literatuuroverzicht toont stemmingsgerelateerde cytokineveranderingen bij medicatievrije patiënten met een bipolaire stoornis met de meeste evidentie voor een pro-inflammatoire immuunrespons tijdens manie. Euthymie en langdurig lithiumgebruik zijn geassocieerd met normale cytokineconcentraties. Er is een belangrijke methodologische heterogeniteit en onvoldoende replicatie tussen studies. Longitudinale studies met medicatievrije beginmetingen, gerandomiseerde monotherapeutische behandelprotocollen en nauwkeurige monitoring van stemming zijn noodzakelijk. BACKGROUND: Alterations of the cytokine level in persons with bipolar disorder - when compared to controls - suggest that the immune system plays a role in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. Pharmacotherapy is an important confounding factor in clinical research on cytokine levels. AIM: To evaluate the evidence on cytokine levels in medication-free bipolar disorder and to study the effects that single mood-stabilising drugs have on these levels. METHOD: We searched PubMed and Embase systematically in order to single out clinical studies that reported on cytokine levels in medication-free bipolar disorder or that commented on the effects of single mood-stabilising drugs on cytokine levels. RESULTS: Of the 564 articles that we screened, we detected 17 that were particularly relevant for our investigation. Results for medication-free patients point to mood-related alterations in cytokine levels. Although we found no data relating to short-term effects of lithium, the use of lithium in euthymic populations was associated with normal cytokine levels. Two studies reported no effect of valproate. We did not find any studies relating to carbamazepine, lamotrigine or antipsychotics. CONCLUSION:Our systematic review of the literature suggests the presence of mood-related changes in cytokine levels in medication-free patients with bipolar disorder, with the most evidence for a proinflammatory response during a manic episode. Euthymia and long-term use of lithium use are associated with normal cytokine levels. There is considerable heterogeneity in the methods used in these studies and too little replication. Future research will have to include longitudinal studies with medication-free baseline measurements. It will also be necessary to draw up single-drug treatment protocols and to conduct intensive mood-related monitoring.
- Published
- 2017
16. A Survey on BDSM-related Activities: BDSM Experience Correlates with Age of First Exposure, Interest Profile, and Role Identity.
- Author
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Coppens, V., Ten Brink, S., Huys, W., Fransen, E., and Morrens, M.
- Subjects
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BDSM , *GENDER identity , *SADOMASOCHISM , *HUMAN sexuality , *SOCIOECONOMIC status - Abstract
BDSM is an omnibus term covering a spectrum of activities within bondage/discipline, dominance/submission, and sadism/masochism relationships. To date, BDSM practitioners experience stigma due to a general unfamiliarity with the practice and marginalization of this type of sexual behavior. Destigmatization occurs partly through knowledge expansion and identification with the stigmatized group. In this study within the Belgian population, we aimed to characterize certain aspects of socioeconomic status and specific BDSM preferences of individuals with differing BDSM experience levels. We show that individuals who perform BDSM in a community setting (BDSM clubs, events. BDSM-CP) are generally higher educated, are significantly younger when first becoming aware of their inclination toward kink-oriented sex, and have a more strict BDSM role identity (Dom vs. Sub) than individuals who engage in BDSM-related activities in a private setting (BDSM-PP). This latter group in turn display a more pronounced Dom/Sub identification than individuals who only fantasize about the practice (BDSM-F). Our data indicate BDSM interest is a sexual preference already manifesting at early age, with role identification profiles becoming gradually more pronounced based on the practitioner's contextual experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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17. Accessory cells for β-cell transplantation
- Author
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Staels, W., primary, De Groef, S., additional, Heremans, Y., additional, Coppens, V., additional, Van Gassen, N., additional, Leuckx, G., additional, Van de Casteele, M., additional, Van Riet, I., additional, Luttun, A., additional, Heimberg, H., additional, and De Leu, N., additional
- Published
- 2015
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18. Neurogenin 3(+) cells contribute to beta-cell neogenesis and proliferation in injured adult mouse pancreas
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Van de Casteele, M., Leuckx, G., Baeyens, L., Cai, Y., Yuchi, Y., Coppens, V., De Groef, S., Eriksson, Maria, Svensson, Christoffer, Ahlgren, Ulf, Ahnfelt-Ronne, J., Madsen, O. D., Waisman, A., Dor, Y., Jensen, J. N., Heimberg, H., Van de Casteele, M., Leuckx, G., Baeyens, L., Cai, Y., Yuchi, Y., Coppens, V., De Groef, S., Eriksson, Maria, Svensson, Christoffer, Ahlgren, Ulf, Ahnfelt-Ronne, J., Madsen, O. D., Waisman, A., Dor, Y., Jensen, J. N., and Heimberg, H.
- Abstract
We previously showed that injury by partial duct ligation (PDL) in adult mouse pancreas activates Neurogenin 3 (Ngn3)(+) progenitor cells that can differentiate to beta cells ex vivo. Here we evaluate the role of Ngn3(+) cells in beta cell expansion in situ. PDL not only induced doubling of the beta cell volume but also increased the total number of islets. beta cells proliferated without extended delay (the so-called 'refractory' period), their proliferation potential was highest in small islets, and 86% of the beta cell expansion was attributable to proliferation of pre-existing beta cells. At sufficiently high Ngn3 expression level, upto 14% of all beta cells and 40% of small islet beta cells derived from non-beta cells. Moreover, beta cell proliferation was blunted by a selective ablation of Ngn3(+) cells but not by conditional knockout of Ngn3 in pre-existing beta cells supporting a key role for Ngn3(+) insulin(-) cells in beta cell proliferation and expansion. We conclude that Ngn3(+) cell-dependent proliferation of pre-existing and newly-formed beta cells as well as reprogramming of non-beta cells contribute to in vivo beta cell expansion in the injured pancreas of adult mice.
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- 2013
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19. Neurogenin 3+ cells contribute to β-cell neogenesis and proliferation in injured adult mouse pancreas
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Van de Casteele, M, primary, Leuckx, G, additional, Baeyens, L, additional, Cai, Y, additional, Yuchi, Y, additional, Coppens, V, additional, De Groef, S, additional, Eriksson, M, additional, Svensson, C, additional, Ahlgren, U, additional, Ahnfelt-Rønne, J, additional, Madsen, O D, additional, Waisman, A, additional, Dor, Y, additional, Jensen, J N, additional, and Heimberg, H, additional
- Published
- 2013
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20. Accessory cells for β-cell transplantation.
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Staels, W., De Groef, S., Heremans, Y., Coppens, V., Van Gassen, N., Leuckx, G., Van de Casteele, M., Van Riet, I., Luttun, A., Heimberg, H., and De Leu, N.
- Subjects
ANTIGEN presenting cells ,B cells ,TREATMENT of diabetes ,INSULIN therapy ,ARTIFICIAL pancreases ,GLYCEMIC control ,ISLANDS of Langerhans ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Despite recent advances, insulin therapy remains a treatment, not a cure, for diabetes mellitus with persistent risk of glycaemic alterations and life-threatening complications. Restoration of the endogenous β-cell mass through regeneration or transplantation offers an attractive alternative. Unfortunately, signals that drive β-cell regeneration remain enigmatic and β-cell replacement therapy still faces major hurdles that prevent its widespread application. Co-transplantation of accessory non-islet cells with islet cells has been shown to improve the outcome of experimental islet transplantation. This review will highlight current travails in β-cell therapy and focuses on the potential benefits of accessory cells for islet transplantation in diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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- View/download PDF
21. Human blood outgrowth endothelial cells improve islet survival and function when co-transplanted in a mouse model of diabetes
- Author
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Coppens, V., primary, Heremans, Y., additional, Leuckx, G., additional, Suenens, K., additional, Jacobs-Tulleneers-Thevissen, D., additional, Verdonck, K., additional, Lahoutte, T., additional, Luttun, A., additional, Heimberg, H., additional, and De Leu, N., additional
- Published
- 2012
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22. Neuroplastic effects of electroconvulsive therapy may be mediated by reduced IL-6 levels.
- Author
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Belge, J.-B., Van Diermen, L., Sienaert, P., Vansteelandt, K., Parizel, P., Sabbe, B., Constant, E., De Timary, P., Morrens, M., Coppens, V., Schrijvers, D., and Vaneijndhoven, P.
- Subjects
ELECTROCONVULSIVE therapy ,HAMILTON Depression Inventory ,INTERLEUKIN-6 ,PHENOMENOLOGICAL biology ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,CATATONIA ,THIRST - Abstract
Introduction: ECT has a powerful immunomodulatory function. A way to bridge the gap between immunomodulation and ECTs' therapeutic efficacity in depression could be ECT-induced neuroplasticity, as proinflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and TNFalpha tend to decrease after an ECT cure and are implicated in hippocampal neurogenesis, important for the antidepressant effect. I Objectives: To examine the immunomodulatory effect of ECT and analyze whether the hippocampal volumetric changes in depressed patients treated with ECT are related to changes in IL-6 and TNFa levels. Methods: Plasma levels of IL-6 and TNFa as hippocampal volume by magnetic resonance imaging were analyzed before and after an acute ECT course in respectively a total sample of 62 and a sub sample of 14 patients. Mood changes were assessed 1 week before and after ECT with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Results: Participants showed a significant improvement of mood after ECT (p < 0.0001). We observed a significant decrease of IL-6 levels (p<0.05). A significant volume increase of the hippocampus was found (p< 0.001). We did notice a significant negative correlation between IL-6 difference scores and the percentage change in hippocampal volumes (r = -0.8, p < 0.01) . We found no significant correlation between changes in mood and volumetric nor inflammatory variables. Conclusions: Our findings support the immunomodulatory effects of ECT and an association between a volumetric increase of the hippocampus and lower levels of IL-6. These findings suggest that ECTs neuroplastic effect may be mediated by its immunomodulating functions, but the clinical relevance of this biological phenomenon remains uncertain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
23. [The effect of mood-stabilising drugs on cytokine levels in bipolar disorder: a systematic review]
- Author
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Van Den Ameele S, van Diermen L, Willem Staels, Coppens V, Dumont G, Sabbe B, and Morrens M
- Abstract
Veranderde cytokineconcentraties bij personen met een bipolaire stoornis ten opzichte van controle-personen suggereren een rol van het immuunsysteem in de pathofysiologie van bipolaire stoornis. Farmacotherapie is een belangrijke verstorende factor in klinisch onderzoek naar cytokineconcentraties.br/DOEL: Evalueren van cytokineconcentraties bij medicatievrije patiënten met een bipolaire stoornis en van het effect van stemmingsstabiliserende geneesmiddelen op deze concentraties.br/METHODE: We doorzochten systematisch PubMed en Embase naar klinische studies die cytokineconcentraties bij medicatievrije patiënten met een bipolaire stoornis beschrijven of het effect van een individueel stemmingsstabiliserend geneesmiddel op deze concentraties evalueren.br/RESULTATEN: Van de 564 gescreende artikelen werden er 17 geïncludeerd. Resultaten bij medicatievrije patiënten toonden stemmingsgerelateerde cytokineveranderingen. Hoewel geen data over de kortetermijneffecten van lithium beschikbaar waren, was lithiumgebruik langer dan 2 maanden geassocieerd met normale cytokineconcentraties. Twee studies rapporteerden geen effect van valproïnezuur. We vonden geen studies over carbamazepine, lamotrigine of antipsychotica.br/CONCLUSIE: Dit systematisch literatuuroverzicht toont stemmingsgerelateerde cytokineveranderingen bij medicatievrije patiënten met een bipolaire stoornis met de meeste evidentie voor een pro-inflammatoire immuunrespons tijdens manie. Euthymie en langdurig lithiumgebruik zijn geassocieerd met normale cytokineconcentraties. Er is een belangrijke methodologische heterogeniteit en onvoldoende replicatie tussen studies. Longitudinale studies met medicatievrije beginmetingen, gerandomiseerde monotherapeutische behandelprotocollen en nauwkeurige monitoring van stemming zijn noodzakelijk.br/BACKGROUND: Alterations of the cytokine level in persons with bipolar disorder - when compared to controls - suggest that the immune system plays a role in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. Pharmacotherapy is an important confounding factor in clinical research on cytokine levels.br/AIM: To evaluate the evidence on cytokine levels in medication-free bipolar disorder and to study the effects that single mood-stabilising drugs have on these levels.br/METHOD: We searched PubMed and Embase systematically in order to single out clinical studies that reported on cytokine levels in medication-free bipolar disorder or that commented on the effects of single mood-stabilising drugs on cytokine levels.br/RESULTS: Of the 564 articles that we screened, we detected 17 that were particularly relevant for our investigation. Results for medication-free patients point to mood-related alterations in cytokine levels. Although we found no data relating to short-term effects of lithium, the use of lithium in euthymic populations was associated with normal cytokine levels. Two studies reported no effect of valproate. We did not find any studies relating to carbamazepine, lamotrigine or antipsychotics.br/CONCLUSION: Our systematic review of the literature suggests the presence of mood-related changes in cytokine levels in medication-free patients with bipolar disorder, with the most evidence for a proinflammatory response during a manic episode. Euthymia and long-term use of lithium use are associated with normal cytokine levels. There is considerable heterogeneity in the methods used in these studies and too little replication. Future research will have to include longitudinal studies with medication-free baseline measurements. It will also be necessary to draw up single-drug treatment protocols and to conduct intensive mood-related monitoring.
24. Continuous theta burst stimulation for bipolar depression: A multicenter, double-blind randomized controlled study exploring treatment efficacy and predictive potential of kynurenine metabolites.
- Author
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Dellink A, Hebbrecht K, Zeeuws D, Baeken C, De Fré G, Bervoets C, De Witte S, Sabbe B, Morrens M, and Coppens V
- Subjects
- Humans, Double-Blind Method, Female, Male, Adult, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Biomarkers blood, Bipolar Disorder therapy, Bipolar Disorder blood, Kynurenine blood, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation methods, Quinolinic Acid blood, Kynurenic Acid blood, Tryptophan blood
- Abstract
Background: While theta burst stimulation (TBS) shows promise in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), its effectiveness in bipolar depression (BD-D) remains uncertain. Optimizing treatment parameters is crucial in the pursuit of rapid symptom relief. Moreover, aligning with personalized treatment strategies and increased interest in immunopsychiatry, biomarker-based stratification of patients most likely to benefit from TBS might improve remission rates. We investigated treatment effectiveness of continuous TBS (cTBS) compared to sham in BD-D, and assessed the capacity of plasma kynurenine pathway metabolites to predict treatment outcome., Methods: Thirty-seven patients with BD-D underwent accelerated active or sham cTBS treatment in a multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Depressive symptoms were measured with the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17) before treatment (T0), 3-4 days posttreatment (T1) and 10-11 days posttreatment (T2). Plasma tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid concentrations were quantified with ELISA. Linear mixed models were used for statistical analyses., Results: Although the total sample showed depressive symptom improvement, active cTBS did not demonstrate greater symptom alleviation compared to sham. However, higher baseline quinolinic acid significantly predicted symptom improvement in the active treatment group, not in sham-stimulated patients., Limitations: The modest sample size limited the power to detect significant differences with regard to treatment effect. Also, the follow-up period was 10-11 days, whereas similar studies usually follow up for at least one month., Conclusion: More research is required to optimize cTBS for BD-D and explore the involvement of quinolinic acid in treatment outcome., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest MM, VC: received research funding from Johnson & Johnson Belgium, Lundbeck Belgium, Boehringer Ingelheim Belgium and Takeda Pharmaceuticals Japan for research unrelated to the current project. The authors state that the content of this manuscript was not influenced by any of these agencies. AD, KH, DZ, CBa, GDF, CBe, SDW, BS: Declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Anti-spike antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in people with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.
- Author
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Nemani K, De Picker L, Dickerson F, Leboyer M, Santacatterina M, Ando F, Capichioni G, Smith TE, Kammer J, El Abdellati K, Morrens M, Coppens V, Katsafanas E, Origoni A, Khan S, Rowe K, Ziemann RS, Tamouza R, Yolken RH, and Goff DC
- Abstract
Importance: Individuals with schizophrenia are at higher risk for severe COVID-19 illness and severe breakthrough infection following vaccination. It is unclear whether immune response to vaccination differs in this population., Objective: To assess whether anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody titers after vaccination differ in people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (SZ) compared to controls without a psychiatric disorder., Design: This cohort study assessed antibody response following the first and second dose of mRNA vaccines at longitudinal timepoints, up to 7 weeks following the first dose of vaccine., Setting: A multi-center study including psychiatric healthcare settings in the United States and Europe., Participants: 205 adults with no history of COVID-19 infection, including 106 individuals with SZ and 99 controls without a psychiatric disorder, who received their first dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine between December 20, 2020 and May 27, 2021., Main Outcomes and Measures: Mean SARS-CoV-2 anti-Spike IgG antibody levels within 7 weeks after the first dose of vaccination., Results: A total of 205 individuals (mean [SD] age, 44.7 [12.0] years; 90 [43.9%] male) were included, of which 106 (51.7%) were diagnosed with SZ. SZ was associated with lower mean log antibody levels (-0.15; 95% CI, -0.27 to -0.03, P = 0.016) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, days since vaccination, and vaccine manufacturer. In secondary analyses of dose-specific responses, SZ was associated with a lower mean log antibody level after the second dose of vaccine (-0.23; 95% CI -0.39 to -0.06, P = 0.006), but not the first dose of vaccine (0.00; 95% CI -0.18- 0.19, P = 0.96)., Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study of individuals with SZ and a control group without psychiatric disorders, SZ was associated with lower SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibody levels following 2 doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. This highlights the need for further studies assessing vaccine immunogenicity in individuals with schizophrenia., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
- Published
- 2024
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26. BDSM in North America, Europe, and Oceania: A Large-Scale International Survey Gauging BDSM Interests and Activities.
- Author
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Schuerwegen A, Huys W, Wuyts E, Goethals K, Coppens V, Davis JM, Tarleton HL, Sagarin BJ, and Morrens M
- Abstract
BDSM bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, and sadism and masochism is a widespread and highly prevalent yet stigmatized practice of intimacy and sexuality. In recent years, international interest in BDSM research has grown, mainly resulting in prevalence studies in various countries. To date, however, no research has investigated international and intercontinental differences in the nature of BDSM interests and fantasies, BDSM roles and practicing contexts among BDSM practitioners. In order to explore international discrepancies in BDSM identity, fantasies, and activities among self-identified BDSM practitioners, a group of FetLife (a social network website for BDSM and kink interested individuals) members (N = 1,112) originating from North America ( n = 458), Europe ( n = 566), Oceania ( n = 46), and Other ( n = 42) completed the survey. Europeans reported an earlier age of onset of fantasizing about BDSM than did North Americans. More North Americans indicated practicing BDSM in a public context than did Europeans and Oceanians. These differences could in part be explained by different cultural backgrounds, higher levels of religiosity, and current stigmas toward non-traditional sexual interests. Future research should focus on clarifying whether cultural mechanisms underlie these dissimilarities.
- Published
- 2023
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27. Kynurenine pathway abnormalities are state-specific but not diagnosis-specific in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Skorobogatov K, Autier V, Foiselle M, Richard JR, Boukouaci W, Wu CL, Raynal S, Carbonne C, Laukens K, Meysman P, Coppens V, le Corvoisier P, Barau C, De Picker L, Morrens M, Tamouza R, and Leboyer M
- Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are associated with immunological dysfunctions that have been hypothesized to lead to clinical symptomatology in particular through kynurenine pathway abnormalities. The aim of this study was thus to investigate the impact of serum kynurenine metabolite levels on diagnosis, clinical state, symptom severity and clinical course in a large French transdiagnostic cohort of SCZ and BD patients. Four patient groups (total n = 507) were included in a cross-sectional observational study: 1) hospitalized acute bipolar patients (n = 205); 2) stable bipolar outpatients (n = 116); 3) hospitalized acute schizophrenia patients (n = 111) and 4) stable schizophrenia outpatients (n = 75), in addition to healthy controls (HC) (n = 185). The quantitative determination of serum kynurenine metabolites was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Kynurenine levels were lower in all patients combined compared to HC while ANCOVA analyses did not reveal inter-diagnostic difference between SCZ and BD. Interestingly, hospitalized patients of both diagnostic groups combined displayed significantly lower kynurenine levels than stabilized outpatients. Psychotic symptoms were associated with lower quinaldic acid (F = 9.18, p=<.001), which is KAT-driven, whereas a longer duration of illness contributed to abnormalities in tryptophan (F = 5.41, p = .023), kynurenine (F = 16.93, p=<.001), xanthurenic acid (F = 9.34, p = .002), quinolinic acid (F = 9.18, p = .003) and picolinic acid (F = 4.15, p = .043), metabolized through the KMO-branch. These data confirm illness state rather than diagnosis to drive KP alterations in SCZ and BD. Lower levels of KP metabolites can thus be viewed as a transdiagnostic feature of SCZ and BD, independently associated with acute symptomatology and a longer duration of illness. Quinaldic acid has seldomly been investigated by previous studies and appears an important state marker in SCZ and BD. As serum samples are used in this study, it is not possible to extrapolate these findings to the brain., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)
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- 2023
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28. Tracking TRYCAT: A Critical Appraisal of Kynurenine Pathway Quantifications in Blood.
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Coppens V, Verkerk R, and Morrens M
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Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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- 2022
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29. Impaired Sensorimotor Adaption in Schizophrenia in Comparison to Age-Matched and Elderly Controls.
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Cornelis C, De Picker LJ, Coppens V, Morsel A, Timmers M, Dumont G, Sabbe BGC, Morrens M, and Hulstijn W
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- Adaptation, Physiological physiology, Aged, Feedback, Sensory, Humans, Learning, Movement physiology, Psychomotor Performance physiology, Schizophrenia
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Background: The "cognitive dysmetria hypothesis" of schizophrenia proposes a disrupted communication between the cerebellum and cerebral cortex, resulting in sensorimotor and cognitive symptoms. Sensorimotor adaptation relies strongly on the function of the cerebellum., Objectives: This study investigated whether sensorimotor adaptation is reduced in schizophrenia compared with age-matched and elderly healthy controls., Methods: Twenty-nine stably treated patients with schizophrenia, 30 age-matched, and 30 elderly controls were tested in three motor adaptation tasks in which visual movement feedback was unexpectedly altered. In the "rotation adaptation task" the perturbation consisted of a rotation (30° clockwise), in the "gain adaptation task" the extent of the movement feedback was reduced (by a factor of 0.7) and in the "vertical reversal task," up- and downward pen movements were reversed by 180°., Results: Patients with schizophrenia adapted to the perturbations, but their movement times and errors were substantially larger than controls. Unexpectedly, the magnitude of adaptation was significantly smaller in schizophrenia than elderly participants. The impairment already occurred during the first adaptation trials, pointing to a decline in explicit strategy use. Additionally, post-adaptation aftereffects provided strong evidence for impaired implicit adaptation learning. Both negative and positive schizophrenia symptom severities were correlated with indices of the amount of adaptation and its aftereffects., Conclusions: Both explicit and implicit components of sensorimotor adaptation learning were reduced in patients with schizophrenia, adding to the evidence for a role of the cerebellum in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Elderly individuals outperformed schizophrenia patients in the adaptation learning tasks., (© 2021 S. Karger AG, Basel.)
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- 2022
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30. Brain Versus Blood: A Systematic Review on the Concordance Between Peripheral and Central Kynurenine Pathway Measures in Psychiatric Disorders.
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Skorobogatov K, De Picker L, Verkerk R, Coppens V, Leboyer M, Müller N, and Morrens M
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- Animals, Blood-Brain Barrier metabolism, Disease Models, Animal, Disease Susceptibility, Humans, Mental Disorders blood, Mental Disorders cerebrospinal fluid, Mental Disorders etiology, Phenotype, Prognosis, Research, Tryptophan metabolism, Biomarkers, Brain metabolism, Kynurenine metabolism, Mental Disorders metabolism, Metabolic Networks and Pathways
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Objective: Disturbances in the kynurenine pathway have been implicated in the pathophysiology of psychotic and mood disorders, as well as several other psychiatric illnesses. It remains uncertain however to what extent metabolite levels detectable in plasma or serum reflect brain kynurenine metabolism and other disease-specific pathophysiological changes. The primary objective of this systematic review was to investigate the concordance between peripheral and central (CSF or brain tissue) kynurenine metabolites. As secondary aims we describe their correlation with illness course, treatment response, and neuroanatomical abnormalities in psychiatric diseases., Methods: We performed a systematic literature search until February 2021 in PubMed. We included 27 original research articles describing a correlation between peripheral and central kynurenine metabolite measures in preclinical studies and human samples from patients suffering from neuropsychiatric disorders and other conditions. We also included 32 articles reporting associations between peripheral KP markers and symptom severity, CNS pathology or treatment response in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder., Results: For kynurenine and 3-hydroxykynurenine, moderate to strong concordance was found between peripheral and central concentrations not only in psychiatric disorders, but also in other (patho)physiological conditions. Despite discordant findings for other metabolites (mainly tryptophan and kynurenic acid), blood metabolite levels were associated with clinical symptoms and treatment response in psychiatric patients, as well as with observed neuroanatomical abnormalities and glial activity., Conclusion: Only kynurenine and 3-hydroxykynurenine demonstrated a consistent and reliable concordance between peripheral and central measures. Evidence from psychiatric studies on kynurenine pathway concordance is scarce, and more research is needed to determine the validity of peripheral kynurenine metabolite assessment as proxy markers for CNS processes. Peripheral kynurenine and 3-hydroxykynurenine may nonetheless represent valuable predictive and prognostic biomarker candidates for psychiatric disorders., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Skorobogatov, De Picker, Verkerk, Coppens, Leboyer, Müller and Morrens.)
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- 2021
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31. Twenty-Four-Hour Heart Rate Is a Trait but Not State Marker for Depression in a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial With a Single Infusion of Ketamine.
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Schiweck C, Lutin E, De Raedt W, Cools O, Coppens V, Morrens M, Van Hoof C, Vrieze E, and Claes S
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Background: Abnormalities of heart rate (HR) and its variability are characteristic of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, circadian rhythm is rarely taken into account when statistically exploring state or trait markers for depression. Methods: A 4-day electrocardiogram was recorded for 16 treatment-resistant patients with MDD and 16 age- and sex-matched controls before, and for the patient group only, after a single treatment with the rapid-acting antidepressant ketamine or placebo (clinical trial registration available on https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ with EUDRACT number 2016-001715-21). Circadian rhythm differences of HR and the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) were compared between groups and were explored for classification purposes. Baseline HR/RMSSD were tested as predictors for treatment response, and physiological measures were assessed as state markers. Results: Patients showed higher HR and lower RMSSD alongside marked reductions in HR amplitude and RMSSD variation throughout the day. Excellent classification accuracy was achieved using HR during the night, particularly between 2 and 3 a.m. (90.6%). A positive association between baseline HR and treatment response ( r = 0.55, p = 0.046) pointed toward better treatment outcome in patients with higher HR. Heart rate also decreased significantly following treatment but was not associated with improved mood after a single infusion of ketamine. Limitations: Our study had a limited sample size, and patients were treated with concomitant antidepressant medication. Conclusion: Patients with depression show a markedly reduced amplitude for HR and dysregulated RMSSD fluctuation. Higher HR and lower RMSSD in depression remain intact throughout a 24-h day, with the highest classification accuracy during the night. Baseline HR levels show potential for treatment response prediction but did not show potential as state markers in this study. Clinical trial registration: EUDRACT number 2016-001715-21., Competing Interests: SC has a research collaboration with imec Belgium. WR and CVH are affiliated to imec Belgium. MM has received research funding from Janssen-Cilag Belgium, Takeda Pharmaceuticals Japan, and Lundbeck Belgium. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Schiweck, Lutin, De Raedt, Cools, Coppens, Morrens, Van Hoof, Vrieze and Claes.)
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- 2021
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32. Tryptophan Catabolites in Bipolar Disorder: A Meta-Analysis.
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Hebbrecht K, Skorobogatov K, Giltay EJ, Coppens V, De Picker L, and Morrens M
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- Depression blood, Humans, Kynurenic Acid metabolism, Kynurenine metabolism, Bipolar Disorder immunology, Bipolar Disorder metabolism, Inflammation blood, Tryptophan metabolism
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Objective: Tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs) are implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders by mediating immune-inflammation and neurodegenerative processes. We performed a meta-analysis of TRYCAT levels in bipolar disorder (BD) patients compared to healthy controls., Methods: A systematic literature search in seven electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, Emcare, PsycINFO, Academic Search Premier) was conducted on TRYCAT levels in cerebrospinal fluid or peripheral blood according to the PRISMA statement. A minimum of three studies per TRYCAT was required for inclusion. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were computed using random effect models. Subgroup analyses were performed for BD patients in a different mood state (depressed, manic). The methodological quality of the studies was rated using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Quality assessment Scale., Results: Twenty-one eligible studies were identified. Peripheral levels of tryptophan (SMD = -0.44; p < 0.001), kynurenine (SMD = - 0.3; p = 0.001) and kynurenic acid (SMD = -.45; p = < 0.001) were lower in BD patients versus healthy controls. In the only three eligible studies investigating TRP in cerebrospinal fluid, tryptophan was not significantly different between BD and healthy controls. The methodological quality of the studies was moderate. Subgroup analyses revealed no significant difference in TRP and KYN values between manic and depressed BD patients, but these results were based on a limited number of studies., Conclusion: The TRYCAT pathway appears to be downregulated in BD patients. There is a need for more and high-quality studies of peripheral and central TRYCAT levels, preferably using longitudinal designs., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Hebbrecht, Skorobogatov, Giltay, Coppens, De Picker and Morrens.)
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- 2021
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33. The Potential Use of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells as Biomarkers for Treatment Response and Outcome Prediction in Psychiatry: A Systematic Review.
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Goossens J, Morrens M, and Coppens V
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- Antidepressive Agents pharmacology, Antipsychotic Agents pharmacology, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor metabolism, Clinical Trials as Topic, Gene Expression Regulation drug effects, Humans, Mental Disorders immunology, Mental Disorders metabolism, Telomerase metabolism, Treatment Outcome, Antidepressive Agents therapeutic use, Antipsychotic Agents therapeutic use, Biomarkers metabolism, Leukocytes, Mononuclear metabolism, Mental Disorders drug therapy
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Background: Psychiatric disorders have a major impact on the global burden of disease while therapeutic interventions remain insufficient to adequately treat a large number of patients. Regrettably, the efficacy of several psychopharmacological treatment regimens becomes apparent only after 4-6 weeks, and at this point, a significant number of patients present as non-responsive. As such, many patients go weeks/months without appropriate treatment or symptom management. Adequate biomarkers for treatment success and outcome prediction are thus urgently needed., Objective: With this systematic review, we provide an overview of the use of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and their signaling pathways in evaluating and/or predicting the effectiveness of different treatment regimens in the course of psychiatric illnesses. We highlight PBMC characteristics that (i) reflect treatment presence, (ii) allow differentiation of responders from non-responders, and (iii) prove predictive at baseline with regard to treatment outcome for a broad range of psychiatric intervention strategies., Review Methods: A PubMed database search was performed to extract papers investigating the relation between any type of PBMC characteristic and treatment presence and/or outcome in patients suffering from severe mental illness. Criteria for eligibility were: written in English; psychiatric diagnosis based on DSM-III-R or newer; PBMC isolation via gradient centrifugation; comparison between treated and untreated patients via PBMC features; sample size ≥ n = 5 per experimental group. Papers not researching in vivo treatment effects between patients and healthy controls, non-clinical trials, and non-hypothesis-/data-driven (e.g., -omics designs) approaches were excluded., Data Synthesis: Twenty-nine original articles were included and qualitatively summarized. Antidepressant and antipsychotic treatments were mostly reflected by intracellular inflammatory markers while intervention with mood stabilizers was evidenced through cell maturation pathways. Lastly, cell viability parameters mirrored predominantly non-pharmacological therapeutic strategies. As for response prediction, PBMC (subtype) counts and telomerase activity seemed most promising for antidepressant treatment outcome determination; full length brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/truncated BDNF were shown to be most apt to prognosticate antipsychotic treatment., Conclusions: We conclude that, although inherent limitations to and heterogeneity in study designs in combination with the scarce number of original studies hamper unambiguous identification, several PBMC characteristics-mostly related to inflammatory pathways and cell viability-indeed show promise towards establishment as clinically relevant treatment biomarkers.
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- 2021
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34. The Psychology of Kink: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study Investigating the Roles of Sensation Seeking and Coping Style in BDSM-Related Interests.
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Schuerwegen A, Huys W, Coppens V, De Neef N, Henckens J, Goethals K, and Morrens M
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- Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Adaptation, Psychological physiology, Masochism psychology, Sadism psychology, Sexual Behavior psychology
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Despite the gaining popularity in mainstream media of the phenomenon that is BDSM, empirical research on the motives and underlying psychological mechanisms driving BDSM practitioners is scarce. The current study focused on the potential driving roles of sensation seeking and coping styles in BDSM-related interests and behavior. A cross-sectional survey questionnaire was completed by 256 Dutch-speaking BDSM practitioners (110 men, 135 women, 7 gender fluid, 2 genderless, 1 other not specified), 1 missing (this participant did not answer the question regarding gender, but did answer all other survey items) and a matched control group lacking any BDSM interest recruited from the general Belgian population (N = 300; 135 men, 158 women, 4 gender fluid, 3 genderless). The questionnaire consisted of several items surveying different BDSM identities and interest levels of BDSM-related activities, an adapted version of the Dutch Sensation Seeking Scale, and items querying seven coping styles. Compared to controls, BDSM practitioners reported significantly higher levels of sensation seeking for all dimensions (experience seeking, thrill seeking, and distraction seeking), as well as the use of more active coping skills such as problem solving and taking action. Gender differentiated which specific coping skills were being used with women seeking out more emotional support and comfort and reaching out more for help and advice in both the BDSM and control group, and men taking more action and seeking distraction in leisure. About 40% of the practitioners reported using BDSM itself as a coping strategy. Further research is needed to explore the link between coping and sexuality in general, and to other psychological processes that drive BDSM interests in order to destigmatize and normalize consensual BDSM-related activities within the general population.
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- 2021
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35. Improvement of psychomotor retardation after electroconvulsive therapy is related to decreased IL-6 levels.
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Belge JB, Van Diermen L, Sabbe B, Moens J, Morrens M, Coppens V, de Timary P, Constant E, Vansteelandt K, Sienaert P, and Schrijvers D
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- Adult, Aged, Depressive Disorder, Major blood, Electroconvulsive Therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychomotor Disorders blood, Treatment Outcome, Depressive Disorder, Major therapy, Interleukin-6 blood, Psychomotor Disorders therapy
- Abstract
Background: Prior studies suggest that IL-6 may be involved in the pathophysiology of psychomotor symptoms in depression. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), as yet the most effective biological treatment of severe depression, is known to improve psychomotor functioning, while recent studies have shown a decrease in the elevated IL-6 levels of depressed patients following ECT., Objectives: This study investigates whether the improvement in psychomotor functions in patients with depression after ECT is related to changes in IL-6 levels., Methods: Peripheral IL-6 was quantified and the severity of psychomotor agitation and retardation determined using the CORE assessment of psychomotor symptoms in 62 patients with a (unipolar or bipolar) depressive episode within one week before and within one week after their course of ECT., Results: IL-6 levels had decreased significantly following ECT and both psychomotor retardation and agitation had improved. The decrease in IL-6 levels was related to the improvement of psychomotor retardation, with post-hoc analysis revealing that higher baseline IL-6 levels positively correlated with higher psychomotor retardation scores., Conclusion: With this study, we provide the first evidence that the improvement of psychomotor retardation after ECT for depression is related to the immunomodulatory properties of the treatment, most specifically the decrease in IL-6 levels., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2021
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36. Beyond Pain: A Study on the Variance of Pain Thresholds Within BDSM Interactions in Dominants and Submissives.
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Wuyts E, De Neef N, Coppens V, Schuerwegen A, de Zeeuw-Jans I, Van Der Pol M, and Morrens M
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- Humans, Masochism, Pain, Sadism, Pain Threshold, Sexual Behavior
- Abstract
Background: BDSM is an acronym describing bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, and sadism and masochism. Afflicting or receiving pain is usually an important part of the BDSM interaction., Aim: This research will focus on better understanding the aspect of pain within a BDSM interaction., Methods: Submissive and dominant counterparts of 35 couples were recruited to participate in a BDSM interaction, of which 34 dominants and 33 submissives were included in the analyses. A non-BDSM interested control group (n = 27) was included to control for social interaction, of which 24 were included in the analyses., Outcomes: This research investigates the differences in (i) baseline pain thresholds, (ii) the impact of a BDSM interaction on those thresholds, and (iii) threshold moderating factors like pain cognition between submissive and dominant BDSM participants and control individuals., Results: BDSM practitioners have a higher pain threshold overall and a BSDM interaction will result in a temporary elevation of pain thresholds for submissives. Additionally, pain thresholds in dominants will be dependent upon their fear of pain and tendency to catastrophize pain and submissives will experience less fear of pain than the control group., Clinical Implications: By further enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms behind a BDSM interaction in this way, we aspire to relieve the stigma these practitioners still endure., Strengths & Limitations: This is one of the first studies of its kind with a large sample size compared to similar research, which makes it a significant contribution to the field. It must be mentioned that there is a possible selection bias because recruitment was only done through the Flemish BDSM community and specifically those who visit clubs. Additionally, pain threshold remains a subjective measurement, which must be taken into account., Conclusion: This study helps shed further light on the biological processes behind a BDSM interaction through pain threshold measurements. Wuyts E, De Neef N, Coppens V, et al. Beyond Pain: A Study on the Variance of Pain Thresholds Within BDSM Interactions in Dominants and Submissives. J Sex Med 2021;18:556-564., (Copyright © 2021 International Society for Sexual Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2021
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37. Hospital-wide SARS-CoV-2 antibody screening of staff in a university psychiatric centre in Belgium.
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El Abdellati K, Coppens V, Goossens J, Theeten H, Van Damme P, Berens A, Morrens M, and De Picker L
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In this first serosurvey among psychiatric healthcare providers, only 3.2% of a sample of 431 staff members of a Belgian University Psychiatric Centre, screened 3-17 June 2020, had SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G antibodies, which is considerably lower compared with both the general population and other healthcare workers in Belgium. The low seroprevalence was unexpected, given the limited availability of personal protective equipment and the high amount of COVID-19 symptoms reported by staff members. Importantly, exposure at home predicted the presence of antibodies, but exposure at work did not. Measures to prevent transmission from staff to patients are warranted in psychiatric facilities.
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- 2021
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38. Inflammatory Markers May Inform the Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Cognition in Patients with Depression.
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Belge JB, Diermen LV, Sabbe B, Morrens M, Coppens V, de Timary P, Constant E, Sienaert P, and Schrijvers D
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- Biomarkers, Cognition, Depression therapy, Humans, Neuropsychological Tests, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, Electroconvulsive Therapy, Memory, Episodic
- Abstract
Introduction: The neurobiological mechanisms underlying the acute cognitive effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remain poorly understood. Prior research has shown that proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, IL1-β, and IL-10 may interfere with cognitive functioning. Interestingly, immunomodulation is one of the proposed modes of action of ECT. This study investigates whether changes of peripheral levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL1-β, and IL-10 are related to changes in cognitive functioning following ECT., Methods: In the week before and 1 week after an acute course of ECT, 62 patients suffering from depression underwent a neuropsychological evaluation to assess their processing speed using the Symbol Digit Substitution Test (SDST), verbal episodic memory using the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R), and their retrospective autobiographic memory using the Autobiographical Memory Interview (AMI) with the peripheral inflammatory markers being measured at the same 2 time points., Results: Patients improved drastically following ECT, while their main performance on both the HVLT-R and AMI declined and their SDST scores remained stable. The levels of IL-6 and IL1-β had both decreased, where the decrease in IL-6 was related to the decrease in HVLT-R scores. Higher baseline IL-10 levels were associated with a more limited decrease of the HVLT-R scores., Conclusion: Our findings tentatively suggest that the effects of ECT on verbal episodic memory may be related to the treatment's immunomodulatory properties, most notably due to decreased IL-6 levels. Moreover, baseline IL-10 appears to be a potential biomarker to predict the effects of ECT on verbal episodic memory. Whilst compelling, the results of this study should be interpreted with caution as, due to its exploratory nature, no correction for multiple comparisons was made. Further, a replication in larger cohorts is warranted., (© 2021 S. Karger AG, Basel.)
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- 2021
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39. Blood-based kynurenine pathway alterations in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis.
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Morrens M, De Picker L, Kampen JK, and Coppens V
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- Aged, Humans, Kynurenic Acid, Quinolinic Acid, Tryptophan, Kynurenine, Schizophrenia
- Abstract
Introduction: The kynurenine pathway (KP) has been proposed as indirect link between systemic immune responses and clinical symptom development in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). Empirical evidence for such immune-related KP shifts in SSD has however resulted in divergent findings., Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed. Thirty papers (total number of patients n = 1506; controls: n = 1432) reported on peripheral concentrations of KP metabolites in SSD patients versus controls. Six KP metabolites were included in a meta-analysis, with secondary analysis of covariate and subgroup effects of patients' symptomatic state, age and duration of illness., Results: Tryptophan (SMD: -0.30; p = .003) and Xanthurenic Acid (SMD: -0.80; p < .001) were significantly decreased in SSD compared to controls, while Quinolinic Acid (SMD: -0.40; p = .08) and Kynurenic Acid (SMD: -0.39; p = .04) were only significantly decreased in patients with acute or highly symptomatic illness. Finally, in relatively older patient cohorts Kynurenine (SMD: -0.31; p = .02) and Kynurenic Acid (SMD: -0.40; p = .002) were found to be decreased., Conclusion: A partial downregulation of the KP is observed in SSD patients, in particular during acute symptomatic states and in older age, effects that were independent from each other. In contrast, younger and stable or remitted patients display limited to no KP metabolite abnormalities. The current meta-analysis illustrates the dynamic nature of KP abnormalities. It should be noted that all included studies investigated peripheral KP metabolites, which do not necessarily reflect central KP metabolite abnormalities in schizophrenic patients., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Manuel Morrens and Violette Coppens have received research funding from Janssen-Cilag Belgium and Takeda Pharmaceutical Japan, unrelated to the current work., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2020
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40. Between Pleasure and Pain: A Pilot Study on the Biological Mechanisms Associated With BDSM Interactions in Dominants and Submissives.
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Wuyts E MD, De Neef N MD, Coppens V, Fransen E PhD, Schellens E, Van Der Pol M, and Morrens M PhD
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- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pain psychology, Pilot Projects, Young Adult, Masochism psychology, Pleasure physiology, Sadism psychology, Sexual Behavior physiology
- Abstract
Background: BDSM is an abbreviation used to reference the concepts of bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, sadism, and masochism, enacted by power exchanges between consensual partners., Aim: To shed light upon the rewarding biological mechanisms associated with BDSM interactions., Methods: A group of 35 BDSM couples (dominant and submissive counterparts) were recruited and tested during a BDSM interaction, with an additional control group of 27 non-BDSM interested people tested in a normal social interaction., Outcomes: We compared the evolution of the stress and reward hormone levels of cortisol, beta-endorphins, and endocannabinoids (2AG and anandamide) in a group of BDSM practitioners before and after an active BDSM interaction with the levels in control individuals., Results: We showed that submissives showed increases in cortisol and endocannabinoid levels due to the BDSM interaction, with dominants only showing increased endocannabinoid levels when the BDSM interaction was associated with power play., Clinical Implications: This study effectively provides a link between behavior that many think of as aberrant on one hand, and biological pleasure experience on the other, in the hope that it may relieve some of the stigma these practitioners still endure., Strengths & Limitations: It is one of the first and largest studies of its kind, but is still limited in sample size and only represents a specific population of Flemish BDSM practitioners., Conclusion: Even though this is one of the first studies of its kind, we can conclude that there is a clear indication for increased pleasure in submissives when looking at biological effects of a BDSM interaction, which was related to the increases in experienced stress. Wuyts E, De Neef N, Coppens V, et al. Between Pleasure and Pain: A Pilot Study on the Biological Mechanisms Associated With BDSM Interactions in Dominants and Submissives. J Sex Med 2020;17:784-792., (Copyright © 2020 International Society for Sexual Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2020
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41. A mood state-specific interaction between kynurenine metabolism and inflammation is present in bipolar disorder.
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van den Ameele S, van Nuijs AL, Lai FY, Schuermans J, Verkerk R, van Diermen L, Coppens V, Fransen E, de Boer P, Timmers M, Sabbe B, and Morrens M
- Subjects
- Adult, Biomarkers blood, C-Reactive Protein metabolism, Depression blood, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Symptom Assessment, Affect physiology, Bipolar Disorder immunology, Bipolar Disorder metabolism, Inflammation blood, Kynurenine metabolism, Tryptophan metabolism
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Objectives: Cytokines are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of psychiatric symptoms by kynurenine pathway activation. Kynurenine metabolites affect neurotransmission and can cause neurotoxicity. We measured inflammatory markers in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and studied their relation to kynurenine metabolites and mood., Methods: Patients with BD suffering from an acute mood episode were assigned to the depressive (n = 35) or (hypo)manic (n = 32) subgroup. Plasma levels of inflammatory markers [cytokines, C-reactive protein] and kynurenine metabolites [tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), quinolinic acid (QA), kynurenic acid (KYNA)] were measured on 6 time points during 8 months follow-up. Biological marker levels in patients were compared to controls (n = 35) and correlated to scores on mood scales. Spearman correlations and linear mixed models were used for statistical analysis., Results: Twenty patients of the manic subgroup, 29 of the depressive subgroup, and 30 controls completed the study. The manic subgroup had a rapid remission of mood symptoms, but in the depressive subgroup subsyndromal symptoms persisted. No differences in inflammation were found between groups. A strong correlation between tumor necrosis factor-α and KYN, KYN/TRP, 3-HK and QA (ρ > 0.60) was specific for the manic group, but only at baseline (during mania). The depressive subgroup had a lower neuroprotective ratio (KYNA/3-HK, P = .0004) and a strong association between interferon-y and kynurenine pathway activation (P < .0001). KYNA was low in both patient groups versus controls throughout the whole follow-up (P = .0008)., Conclusions: Mania and chronic depressive symptoms in BD are accompanied by a strong interaction between inflammation and a potentially neurotoxic kynurenine metabolism., (© 2019 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2020
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42. Immune and Neuroendocrine Trait and State Markers in Psychotic Illness: Decreased Kynurenines Marking Psychotic Exacerbations.
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De Picker L, Fransen E, Coppens V, Timmers M, de Boer P, Oberacher H, Fuchs D, Verkerk R, Sabbe B, and Morrens M
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- Adolescent, Adult, Biomarkers blood, Cytokines blood, Female, Humans, Kynurenic Acid blood, Kynurenine analogs & derivatives, Male, Middle Aged, Psychotic Disorders immunology, Psychotic Disorders psychology, Quinolinic Acid blood, Young Adult, Kynurenine blood, Psychotic Disorders blood
- Abstract
Objective: Different patterns of immune system upregulation are present in the acute vs. post-treatment states of psychotic illness. We explored the existence of state and trait markers in the peripheral immune system and two immune-associated neuroendocrine pathways (IDO and GTP-CH1 pathway) in a longitudinal sample of psychosis patients. We also evaluated the association of these markers with neuropsychiatric symptomatology. Method: Plasma concentrations of peripheral blood markers were measured in a transdiagnostic group of 49 inpatients with acute psychosis and 52 matched healthy control subjects. Samples were obtained in patients within 48 h after hospital admission for an acute psychotic episode (before initiation of antipsychotics), after 1-2 weeks and again after 8 weeks of treatment. Kynurenine, kynurenic acid (KA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), quinolinic acid (QA), phenylalanine, tyrosine, nitrite, and neopterin were measured using HPLC and LC-MS/MS analysis. Concentrations of CRP, CCL2 (MCP1) and cytokines were determined with multiplex immunoassay. PANSS interviews and cognitive tests were performed at baseline and follow-up. Mixed model analyses were used to identify trait and state markers. Results: Patients had significantly higher plasma concentrations of CRP, CCL2, IL1RA, and lower concentrations of KA and KA/Kyn at all time points (F7.5-17.5, all p < 0.001). Increased concentrations of IL6, IL8, IL1RA, TNFα, and CCL2 and decreased QA and 3-HK (F8.7-21.0, all p < 0.005) were found in the acute psychotic state and normalized after treatment. Low nitrite concentrations at admission rose sharply after initiation of antipsychotic medication (F42.4, p < 0.001). PANSS positive scale scores during the acute episode correlated with pro-inflammatory immune markers ( r ≥ |0.5|), while negative scale scores correlated inversely with IDO pathway markers ( r ≥ |0.4|). Normalization of KA and 3-HK levels between admission and follow-up corresponded to a larger improvement of negative symptoms ( r = 0.5, p < 0.030) A reverse association was found between relative improvement of SDST scores and decreasing KA levels ( r = 0.5, p < 0.010). Conclusion: The acute psychotic state is marked by state-specific increases of immune markers and decreases in peripheral IDO pathway markers. Increased CRP, CCL2, and IL1RA, and decreased KA and KA/Kyn are trait markers of psychotic illness., (Copyright © 2020 De Picker, Fransen, Coppens, Timmers, de Boer, Oberacher, Fuchs, Verkerk, Sabbe and Morrens.)
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- 2020
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43. Inflammation, Hippocampal Volume, and Therapeutic Outcome following Electroconvulsive Therapy in Depressive Patients: A Pilot Study.
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Belge JB, van Diermen L, Sabbe B, Parizel P, Morrens M, Coppens V, Constant E, de Timary P, Sienaert P, Schrijvers D, and van Eijndhoven P
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Female, Hippocampus diagnostic imaging, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Depressive Disorder, Major blood, Depressive Disorder, Major diagnostic imaging, Depressive Disorder, Major immunology, Depressive Disorder, Major pathology, Electroconvulsive Therapy, Hippocampus pathology, Inflammation blood, Inflammation immunology, Interleukin-6 blood, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha blood
- Abstract
Introduction: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) influences the concentration of peripheral inflammatory markers, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In which way this immune effect contributes to the impact of ECT on the central nervous system in depression remains unknown., Objective: The aim of this study was to examine whether the hippocampal volumetric increase in depressed patients treated with ECT is related to changes in peripheral IL-6 and TNF-α levels., Methods: IL-6 and TNF-α plasma levels were measured in 62 patients 1 week before and after an acute course of ECT. Hippocampal volumes were analyzed in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) subsample of 13 patients at the same time points., Results: A significant decrease in IL-6 levels was observed in the total sample and a significant increase in hippocampal volume in the MRI subsample. The reduction of peripheral IL-6 correlated with an increase in total hippocampal volume. A more limited decrease of TNF-α correlated with a more limited increase of both the total and left hippocampus volumes., Conclusion: This pilot study is the first to highlight the link between peripheral immune changes and hippocampal volume increase following ECT. Further research is required to conclude whether ECT indeed exerts its central effect on the brain via changes of peripheral inflammatory markers., (© 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.)
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- 2020
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44. Profiling of the Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Proteome in Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders for the Discovery of Discriminatory Biomarkers: A Proof-of-Concept Study.
- Author
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Coppens V, De Wachter O, Goossens J, Hendrix J, Maudsley S, Azmi A, van Gastel J, Van Saet A, Lauwers T, and Morrens M
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- Adolescent, Adult, Biomarkers blood, Bipolar Disorder blood, Depressive Disorder, Major blood, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Proof of Concept Study, Schizophrenia blood, Young Adult, Bipolar Disorder diagnosis, Bipolar Disorder metabolism, Depressive Disorder, Major diagnosis, Depressive Disorder, Major metabolism, Leukocytes, Mononuclear metabolism, Proteome metabolism, Schizophrenia diagnosis, Schizophrenia metabolism
- Abstract
Introduction: Current diagnoses in psychiatry are solely based on the evaluation of clinical presentation by the treating psychiatrist. This results in a high percentage of misdiagnosis and consequential inefficient treatment; especially regarding major depressive disorder (MDD), depression in the context of bipolar disorder (BD-D), bipolar disorder with manic symptoms (BD-M), and psychosis in the context of schizophrenia (SZ). Objective biomarkers allowing for accurate discriminatory diagnostics are therefore urgently needed., Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proteomes of patients with MDD (n = 5) , BD-D (n = 3), BD-M (n = 4), and SZ (n = 4), and also of healthy controls (HC; n = 6) were analyzed by state-of-the-art mass spectrometry. Proteins with a differential expression of a >2 standard deviation (SD) expression fold change from that of the HC and between either MDD versus BD-D or BD-M versus SZ were subsequently identified as potential discriminatory biomarkers., Results: In total, 4,271 individual proteins were retrieved from the HC. Of these, about 2,800 were detected in all patient and HC samples. For objective discrimination between MDD and BD-D, 66 candidate biomarkers were found. In parallel, 72 proteins might harbor a biomarker capacity for differential diagnostics of BD-M and SZ. A single biomarker was contraregulated versus HC in each pair of comparisons., Discussion: With this work, we provide a register of candidate biomarkers with the potential to objectively discriminate MDD from BD-D, and BD-M from SZ. Although concerning a proof-of-concept study with limited sample size, these data provide a stepping-stone for follow-up research on the validation of the true discriminatory potential and feasibility of clinical implementation of the discovered biomarker candidates., (© 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.)
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- 2020
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45. Do Immune Dysregulations and Oxidative Damage Drive Mood and Psychotic Disorders?
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Morrens M, Coppens V, and Walther S
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- Aging, Premature immunology, Aging, Premature metabolism, Bipolar Disorder metabolism, Humans, Mood Disorders metabolism, Psychotic Disorders metabolism, Bipolar Disorder immunology, Mood Disorders immunology, Oxidative Stress immunology, Psychotic Disorders immunology
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- 2020
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46. The Interplay of Inflammatory Processes and Cognition in Alcohol Use Disorders-A Systematic Review.
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Coppens V, Morrens M, Destoop M, and Dom G
- Abstract
Rationale: Of late, evidence emerges that the pathophysiology of psychiatric diseases and their affiliated symptomatologies are at least partly contributable to inflammatory processes. Also in alcohol use disorders (AUD), this interaction is strongly apparent, with severely immunogenic liver cirrhosis being one of the most critical sequelae of chronic abusive drinking. This somatic immune system activation negatively impacts brain functioning, and additionally, alcohol abuse appears to have a direct detrimental effect on the brain by actively stimulating its immune cells and responses. As cognitive decline majorly contributes to AUD's debility, it is important to know to what extent impairment of cognitive functioning is due to these (neuro-)inflammatory aberrations. Method: We hereby summarize the current existing literature on the interplay between AUD, inflammation, and cognition in a systematic review according to the PRISMA-P guidelines for the systematic review. Main findings: Although literature on the role of inflammation in alcohol use-related cognitive deficiency remains scarce, current findings indicate that pro-inflammatory processes indeed result in exacerbation of several domains of cognitive deterioration. Interestingly, microglia, the immune cells of the brain, appear to exert initial compensatory neuroprotective functionalities upon acute ethanol exposure while chronic alcohol intake seems to attenuate these responses and overall microglial activity. Conclusion: As these results indicate inflammation to be of importance in cognitive impairment following alcohol consumption and might as such provide alternate therapeutic avenues, a considerable increase in research efforts in this domain is urgently required., (Copyright © 2019 Coppens, Morrens, Destoop and Dom.)
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- 2019
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47. Bondage-Discipline, Dominance-Submission and Sadomasochism (BDSM) From an Integrative Biopsychosocial Perspective: A Systematic Review.
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De Neef N, Coppens V, Huys W, and Morrens M
- Abstract
Introduction: BDSM (bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, and sadism and masochism) increasingly receives attention from the scientific community. Where earlier research efforts mainly focused on epidemiologic characteristics, psychological and biologic factors driving BDSM preferences have recently gained interest as well., Aim: To bring together all the existing scientific literature on BDSM from a biopsychosocial perspective., Methods: Based on the PRISMA guidelines, the current systematic review brings together all the existing literature on BDSM from a biopsychosocial perspective., Main Outcome Measure: Prevalence rates of BDSM interests were investigated in the literature, as well as the associations between BDSM interests on one hand and personality traits, adverse childhood experiences, education levels, sexual orientations and biological markers on the other., Results: Biologic factors such as gender identity, sex hormone levels, and the neurologic constitution of the brain's pain and reward systems influence BDSM orientation. With regard to psychological factors, both personality traits (eg, higher levels of openness or extraversion) and the presence of a personality disorder have been associated with a heightened interest in BDSM, although only limited supporting evidence is available. Additionally, sensation-seeking levels and impulsivity seem to contribute, because they presumably guide one's drive to explore new or more-intense kinks. Whereas attachment styles impact couple dynamics, they also influence willingness to explore limits in a BDSM context. Lastly, education levels impact relational and sexual dynamics., Strengths and Limitations: The limitations of the current review reflect those of the topical scientific literature. Although the number of studies focused on all aspects of BDSM is exponentially growing, most of these are only descriptive, and very few focus on underlying driving processes., Conclusion: From this biopsychosocial perspective, we offer a dimensional approach while integrating the factors driving the onset and evolution of BDSM interests. De Neef N, Coppens V, Huys W, et al. Bondage-Discipline, Dominance-Submission and Sadomasochism (BDSM) From an Integrative Biopsychosocial Perspective: A Systematic Review. Sex Med 2019;7:129-144., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
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- 2019
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48. Addiction, Anhedonia, and Comorbid Mood Disorder. A Narrative Review.
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Destoop M, Morrens M, Coppens V, and Dom G
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Background: Recently, anhedonia has been recognized as an important Research Domain Criterion (RDoC) by the National Institute of Mental Health. Anhedonia is proposed to play an essential role in the pathogenies of both addictive and mood disorders, and possibly their co-occurrence with a single individual. However, up to now, comprehensive information about anhedonia concerning its underlying neurobiological circuitries, the neurocognitive correlates, and their role in addiction, mood disorder, and comorbidity remains scarce. Aim: In this literature review of human studies, we bring together the current state of knowledge with respect to anhedonia in its relationship with disorders in the use of substances (DUS) and the comorbidity with mood disorders. Method: A PubMed search was conducted using the following search terms: (Anhedonia OR Reward Deficiency) AND ((Drug Dependence OR Abuse) OR Alcohol OR Nicotine OR Addiction OR Gambling OR (Internet Gaming)). Thirty-two articles were included in the review. Results: Anhedonia is associated with substance use disorders, and their severity is especially prominent in DUS with comorbid depression. Anhedonia may be both a trait and a state dimension in its relation to DUS and tends to impact DUS treatment outcome negatively.
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- 2019
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49. State-associated changes in longitudinal [ 18 F]-PBR111 TSPO PET imaging of psychosis patients: Evidence for the accelerated ageing hypothesis?
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De Picker L, Ottoy J, Verhaeghe J, Deleye S, Wyffels L, Fransen E, Kosten L, Sabbe B, Coppens V, Timmers M, de Boer P, Van Nueten L, Op De Beeck K, Oberacher H, Vanhoenacker F, Ceyssens S, Stroobants S, Staelens S, and Morrens M
- Subjects
- Adult, Age Factors, Brain metabolism, Case-Control Studies, Cytokines analysis, Fluorine Radioisotopes, Gray Matter metabolism, Humans, Kynurenine metabolism, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Microglia metabolism, Microglia physiology, Middle Aged, Neuroimmunomodulation physiology, Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography methods, Psychotic Disorders diagnostic imaging, Psychotic Disorders metabolism, Receptors, GABA metabolism
- Abstract
Objective: To determine whether state-associated changes in microglial activity, measured with translocator-protein positron emission tomography (TSPO PET), can be identified in psychosis patients through longitudinal evaluation of their regional tracer uptake over the clinical course from acute psychosis to post-treatment follow-up, and comparison to healthy controls. We also evaluated the relation between tracer uptake, clinical symptoms and peripheral immunological markers., Method: Second-generation radioligand [
18 F]-PBR111 TSPO PET-CT was used for longitudinal dynamic imaging in 14 male psychosis patients and 17 male age-matched healthy control subjects. Patients were first scanned during an acute psychotic episode followed by a second scan after treatment. Prior genotyping of subjects for the rs6917 polymorphism distinguished high- and mixed-affinity binders. The main outcome was regional volume of distribution (VT ), representing TSPO binding. Plasma concentrations of CRP, cytokines and kynurenines were measured at each timepoint., Results: We found a significant three-way interaction between time of scan, age and cohort (cortical grey matter F6.50, p.020). Age-dependent differences in VT existed between cohorts during the psychotic state, but not at follow-up. Patients' relative change in VT over time correlated with age (cortical grey matter Pearson's r.574). PANSS positive subscale scores correlated with regional VT during psychosis (cortical grey matter r.767). Plasma CRP and quinolinic acid were independently associated with lower VT ., Conclusions: We identified a differential age-dependent pattern of TSPO binding from psychosis to follow-up in our cohort of male psychosis patients. We recommend future TSPO PET studies in psychosis patients to differentiate between clinical states and consider potential age-related effects., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2019
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50. Digging deeper in the differential effects of inflammatory and psychosocial stressors in remitted depression: Effects on cognitive functioning.
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Niemegeers P, de Boer P, Schuermans J, Dumont GJH, Coppens V, Spittaels K, Claes S, Sabbe BGC, and Morrens M
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- Adult, Attention, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Single-Blind Method, Stress, Psychological psychology, Cognition physiology, Depressive Disorder, Major physiopathology, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System physiology, Inflammation physiopathology, Pituitary-Adrenal System physiology, Stress, Psychological physiopathology
- Abstract
Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) covers a wide spectrum of symptoms, including cognitive dysfunction, which can persist during remission. Both inflammatory states and psychosocial stress play a role in MDD pathogenesis., Methods: The effects of inflammatory (i.e., Salmonella typhi vaccine) and psychosocial stressor (i.e., Trier Social Stress Test), as well as their combination were investigated on cognition in women (aged 25-45 years, n = 21) with (partially) remitted MDD and healthy controls (n = 18) in a single-blind placebo-controlled study. In a crossover design, patients received on the first day one of the aforementioned interventions and on the other day a placebo, or vice versa, with a washout period of 7-14 days. Short-term and verbal memory, working memory, attention, verbal fluency, information processing speed, psychomotor function, and measures of attentional bias to emotions were measured. Exploratory analyses were performed to assess the correlation between biomarkers of inflammation and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis and cognitive functioning., Results: In patients, inflammatory stress decreased information processing speed and verbal memory, and increased working memory; after psychosocial stress, there was an increase in attention. There was also an increased negative attentional bias in patients after inflammatory stress. Neither stressor had any effect in controls., Limitiations: Limitations are the relatively small sample size and antidepressant use by a part of the participants. The effects of the stressors were also measured a relatively short period after administration., Conculsion: Patients were sensitive to the cognitive effects of inflammation and psychosocial stress on cognition, while controls were not., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2019
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