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Cationic (or basic) dye complex pigments are classical organic pigments obtained from water-soluble cationic dyes for textiles, mainly of triarylmethine (arylcarbonium ion) types, which are precipitated using large inorganic counterions, especially those derived from heteropolyacids such as phosphotungstomolybdic acid or, to a certain extent, using the counteranion derived from copper ferrocyanide. This range of pigments includes red, violet, blue and green products, offering brilliant shades, high color strength and good transparency. They are well suited to printing ink applications, although they provide only moderate levels of fastness properties. The pigments are synthesized by treating aqueous solutions of the dyes under highly controlled conditions with solutions of the heteropolyacids, prepared in situ. The copper ferrocyanide salts are obtained by treatment of potassium ferrocyanide with sodium sulfite in water, and subsequently with solutions of the cationic dye and copper (II) sulfate. The pigments are primarily used in inks for packaging and advertising materials. However, they have little use outside printing inks. Reflex or alkali blue pigments are structurally related cationic dye derivatives which are inner salts of the dye structures and are also used in printing inks.

Poly(vinyl alcohol)-bound granulated copper ferrocyanide was found to be a Cs adsorbent suitable for ion chromatographic elimination of Cs from the water extract of ¹³⁷Cs-enriched fly ash that was generated by pyroprocessing decontamination of ¹³⁷Cs-contaminated solid wastes. The troublesome leakage of cyanide compounds during the chromatographic process was suppressed by the use of the organic binder. The adsorbent adsorbed 67 g/kg of Cs from the extract of the fly ash containing 10⁵ times of Na⁺ ions and 3×10⁴ times of K⁺ ions with respect to Cs⁺ ions. Since ¹³⁷Cs-enriched fly ash containing 11 mg/kg of Cs and most of Cs was water-soluble, the ion chromatographic elimination reduced the weight of the radioactive waste by a factor of more than 5,000. ¹³⁷Cs-contaminated solid wastes before pyroprocessing decontamination generally contains a few ppm of Cs, so that the total weight reduction factor of more than 10,000 can be easily attained by pyroprocessing decontamination and subsequent ion choromatographic decontamination using poly(vinyl alcohol)-bound copper ferrocyanide as a Cs adsorbent., ポリビニルアルコールで造粒したフェロシアン化銅は、¹³⁷Cs汚染廃棄物を高温乾式除染して生じる¹³⁷Cs濃縮飛灰から、水洗および水洗液のイオンクロマトグラフィーによってCsを濃縮除去するのに適したCs吸着剤であることが分かった。イオンクロマトグラフィーの際に問題となるフェロシアン化銅からのシアン化物流出はポリビニルアルコールによって防止できた。水洗液からの飽和Cs吸着量は吸着剤1 kg当たり67 g に達した。¹³⁷Cs濃縮飛灰のCs含有量は11 ppmなので、放射性廃棄物としての減量係数は5千以上となった。元の¹³⁷Cs汚染廃棄物を基準にすると、高温乾式除染とイオンクロマトグラフィーによる減量係数は5万以上となった。¹³⁷Cs汚染廃棄物は通常数ppmのCsを含有するので、これの高温乾式処理とイオンクロマトグラフィー処理によって、最終放射性廃棄物の量を1万分の１以下にできることがわかった。

Using an ion choromatography with copper ferrocyanide-loaded silica gel as an adsorbent, Cs was selectively removed from the simulated rinsing solution of Cs-enriched dust generated by pyroprocessing of solid waste that had been contaminated with radioactive Cs due to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. The spent absorbent was stably solidified by using metakaolin as a hydraulic solidifier. The weight of the final radioactive waste was estimated to be less than 1/1000 of the original one.

A composite CMC–KCuFC particle adsorbent was fabricated in this study, based on the use of a CMC biopolymer cross-linked with Cu2+via a syringe pump device, serving as an efficient biosorbent for Cs ion removal and adsorption from wastewater.

Comparative analysis of the sorption and kinetic properties was carried out for organomineral sorbents synthesized by two routes: (1) from an organomineral suspension and (2) from aqueous-organic solutions.

In this study, an accurate faster gamma spectrometry method for measuring the low level activity concentrations of 137Cs using in situ pre-concentration technique on copper ferrocyanide cartridge was standardized. Due to unavailability of reference standard in the copper ferrocyanide matrix, efficiency calibration curves were plotted using RGU and RGTh reference standards. To harmonize the difference in density of standard and sample the required density correction factors for photo peak efficiency were generated. The in situ pre-concentration technique followed by gamma-ray spectrometry was applied for activity determination in surface seawater from eight locations in the coastal marine environment of Arabian Sea. The mean activity concentration of 137Cs ranged between 0.71 and 0.91 Bq/m3. Higher activity concentrations were observed at location with latitude, longitude of 21.6°N, 69.57°E as compared to concentration observed at location with latitude, longitude 16.98°N, 73.25°E. The observed concentrations were found to be in range of data reported in Asia–Pacific Marine radioactive database (ASPARMARD). The results will fill up the gaps in the existing database. The generated data will be useful for monitoring fresh input of anthropogenic radionuclide into coastal marine environment for post Fukushima environmental assessment.

Статтю присвячено оптимізації умов синтезу селективних до радіоактивного цезію комбінованих поглинальних матеріалів на основі целюлозного волокна і фероціаніду міді. Досліджено вплив параметрів модифікування волокна на вміст модифікатора в об’ємі органічного носія і на сорбційні характеристики продуктів. За результатами математичної обробки отриманих експериментальних даних одержано адекватні статистичні моделі процесу модифікування вибіленого бавовняного волокна розчинами фероціаніду міді при різних значеннях рН середовища та температури процесу. Визначено оптимальні значення технологічних параметрів процесу з використанням функції бажаності Харрінгтона. Показано, що оптимальними параметрами процесу модифікування, що забезпечують одержання ефективних сорбентів з вмістом фероціаніду міді в об’ємі носія 4,37 %, які характеризуються ступенем вилучення цезію з водних розчинів 95,14 % та коефіцієнтом розподілення 7501 мл/г, є рН середовища 5,4 та температура 90 °С. Однак оптимальні питомі сорбційні властивості сорбентів (питомі ступінь вилучення цезію 35,76 %/г та коефіцієнт розподілення 2236 (мл/г)/г) досягаються при вмісті модифікатора в сорбенті 2,71 %, який одержують при рН 7,8 та температурі 90 °С., In this article the optimization of the synthesis conditions of combined sorption materials based on cellulose fiber and copper ferrocyanide selective toward radioactive cesium. The influence of the parameters of modification process on the modifier in the bulk of organic carrier content and sorption characteristics of products was investigated. According to the results of mathematical processing of the experimental data the adequate statistical model of the modification of bleached cotton fiber with the solutions of copper ferrocyanide at different values of pH and temperature of the process were obtained. The optimal values of the technological parameters were determined using Harrington's desirability function. It was shown that the optimum parameters of the modification process allowing to obtain an effective sorbents with the content of copper ferrocyanide 4.37 % in the volume of the carrier, which are characterized by a recovery rate of cesium from aqueous solutions of 95.14 % and the distribution coefficient of 7501 ml/g, are pH 5.4 and temperature 90 °C. However, the optimal specific sorption properties (specific recovery rate of cesium 35.76 %/g and a distribution coefficient 2236 (ml/g)/g) is achieved when the modifier content is 2.71 % in a sorbent which is prepared at pH 7.8 and 90 °C., Статья посвящена оптимизированию условий синтеза селективных к радиоактивному цезию комбинированных поглощающих материалов на основе целлюлозного волокна и ферроцианида меди. Исследовано влияние параметров модифицирования волокна на содержание модификатора в объеме органического носителя и на сорбционные характеристики продуктов. По результатам математической обработки экспериментальных данных получены адекватные статистические модели процесса модифицирования беленого хлопкового волокна растворами ферроцианида меди при разных значениях рН среды и температуры процесса. Определены оптимальные значения технологических параметров процесса с использованием функции желательности Харрингтона. Показано, что оптимальными параметрами процесса модифицирования, обеспечивающими получение эффективных сорбентов с содержанием ферроцианида меди в объеме носителя 4,37 %, которые характеризуются степенью извлечения цезия из водных растворов 95,14 % и коэффициентом распределения 7501 мл/г, является рН среды 5,4 и температура 90 °С. Однако оптимальные удельные сорбционные свойства материалов (удельные степень извлечения цезия 35,76 %/г и коэффициент распределения 2236 (мл/г)/г) достигаются при содержании модификатора в сорбенте 2,71 %, который получают при рН 7,8 и температуре 90 °С.

The non-selective apoplastic passage of Cu and Cu-citrate complexes into the root stele of monocotyledonous corn and dicotyledonous soybean was investigated using an inorganic-salt-precipitation technique. Either Cu ions or Cu-citrate complexes were drawn into root through the apoplast from the root growth medium, and K4[Fe(CN)6] was subsequently perfused through xylem vessels or the entire root cross section. Based on microscopic identification of the reddish-brown precipitates of copper ferrocyanide in the cell walls of the xylem of corn and soybean roots, Cu(2+) passed through the endodermal barrier into the xylem of both species. When the solution containing 200 μM CuSO4 and 400 μM sodium citrate (containing 199.98 μM Cu-citrate, 0.02 μM Cu(2+)) was drawn via differential pressure gradients into the root xylem while being perfused with K4[Fe(CN)6] through the entire root cross-section, reddish-brown precipitates were observed in the walls of the stele of soybean, but not corn root. However, when a CuSO4 solution containing 0.02 or 0.2 μM free Cu(2+) was used, no reddish-brown precipitates were detected in the stele of either of the two plants. Results indicated that endodermis was permeable to Cu-citrate complexes in primary roots of soybean, but not corn. The permeability of the endodermal barrier to the Cu-citrate complex may vary between dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants, which has considerable implications for chelant-enhanced phytoextraction.

The effects of copper ferrocyanide and light on the dehydrogenation rate of NADH by methylene blue is studied. The results suggest that the dehydrogenation rate of NADH with methylene blue is enhanced by copper ferrocyanide. Light also affects the reaction rate.

The potential use of copper ferrocyanide - polyurethene foam (CFC-PU foam) developed in our laboratory was investigated in the treatment of radioactive liquid waste for the removal of cesium. The pilot plant scale studies were carried out so that these studies can be further extended to the plant scale operations. Decontamination factors obtained were found to be function of total dissolved solids. A correlation studies on results obtained from pilot plant and laboratory scale were made and observed that they are in good agreement with each other.

Статтю присвячено оптимізації умов синтезу селективних до радіоактивного цезію комбінованих поглинальних матеріалів на основі целюлозного волокна і фероціаніду міді. Досліджено вплив параметрів модифікування волокна на вміст модифікатора в об’ємі органічного носія і на сорбційні характеристики продуктів. За результатами математичної обробки отриманих експериментальних даних одержано адекватні статистичні моделі процесу модифікування вибіленого бавовняного волокна розчинами фероціаніду міді за різних значень рН середовища та температури процесу. Визначено оптимальні значення технологічних параметрів процесу з використанням функції бажаності Харрінгтона. Показано, що оптимальними параметрами процесу модифікування, що забезпечують одержання ефективних сорбентів з вмістом фероціаніду міді в об’ємі носія 4,37 %, які характеризуються ступенем вилучення цезію з водних розчинів 95,14 % та коефіцієнтом розподілення 7501 мл/г, є рН середовища 5,4 та температура 90 °С. Однак оптимальні питомі сорбційні властивості сорбентів (питомі ступінь вилучення цезію 35,76 %/г та коефіцієнт розподілення 2236 (мл/г)/г) досягаються при вмісті модифікатора в сорбенті 2,71 %, який одержують при рН 7,8 та температурі 90 °С. In this article the optimization of the synthesis conditions of combined sorption materials based on cellulose fiber and copper ferrocyanide selective toward radioactive cesium. The influence of the parameters of modification process on the modifier in the bulk of organic carrier content and sorption characteristics of products was investigated. According to the results of mathematical processing of the experimental data the adequate statistical model of the modification of bleached cotton fiber with the solutions of copper ferrocyanide at different values of pH and temperature of the process were obtained. The optimal values of the technological parameters were determined using Harrington's desirability function. It was shown that the optimum parameters of the modification process allowing to obtain an effective sorbents with the content of copper ferrocyanide 4.37 % in the volume of the carrier, which are characterized by a recovery rate of cesium from aqueous solutions of 95.14 % and the distribution coefficient of 7501 ml/g, are pH 5.4 and temperature 90 °C. However, the optimal specific sorption properties (specific recovery rate of cesium 35.76 %/g and a distribution coefficient 2236 (ml/g)/g) is achieved when the modifier content is 2.71 % in a sorbent which is prepared at pH 7.8 and 90 °C. Статья посвящена оптимизированию условий синтеза селективных к радиоактивному цезию комбинированных поглощающих материалов на основе целлюлозного волокна и ферроцианида меди. Исследовано влияние параметров модифицирования волокна на содержание модификатора в объеме органического носителя и на сорбционные характеристики продуктов. По результатам математической обработки экспериментальных данных получены адекватные статистические модели процесса модифицирования беленого хлопкового волокна растворами ферроцианида меди при разных значениях рН среды и температуры процесса. Определены оптимальные значения технологических параметров процесса с использованием функции желательности Харрингтона. Показано, что оптимальными параметрами процесса модифицирования, обеспечивающими получение эффективных сорбентов с содержанием ферроцианида меди в объеме носителя 4,37 %, которые характеризуются степенью извлечения цезия из водных растворов 95,14 % и коэффициентом распределения 7501 мл/г, является рН среды 5,4 и температура 90 °С. Однако оптимальные удельные сорбционные свойства материалов (удельные степень извлечения цезия 35,76 %/г и коэффициент распределения 2236 (мл/г)/г) достигаются при содержании модификатора в сорбенте 2,71 %, который получают при рН 7,8 и температуре 90 °С.

Composite adsorbents based on polypropylene fibers with chemically bound nanopartices of copper fer-rocyanide were synthesized by two-stage experiment: radiation-induced graft polymerization of acrylic acid onto non-woven polypropylene fabric followed by in-situ formation of copper ferrocyanize nanoparticles and their stabilization on the fabric surface within the grafted layer. Scanning electron microscope investiga-tions revealed a homogeneous compact layer of copper ferrocynide nanosized aggregates (65-70 nm). The synthesized composite material was stable in the base solutions (pH 10.5) and exhibited high efficiency for cesium adsorption. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35459

L'activite aldehyde deshydrogenase a ete principalement localisee dans la zone periveineuse du lobe hepatique de souris normales par la methode au cuivre ferrocyanide

The formation and precipitation of copper ferrocyanide has been studied by potentiometric titrations of CuSO 4 and K 4 Fe(CN) 6 at various concentrations using a ferricyanide-ferrocyanide electrode; each of the reactants was alternately used as the titrant. The end-point obtained from the maximum value of dE/dC corresponds to the formation of a compound with the molecular formula, K 2 Cu 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] 2 . The titration curves have a regular form, a sharp break in potential occurs at the end-point and the results are accurate and reproducible. The method is simple and rapid and offers a fairly accurate means of determining copper in solutions. The effects of ethanol and electrolytes such as NH 4 NO 3 , (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and K 2 SO 4 on the end-point as well as on the nature of the curves were investigated.

Die Cholinesteraseaktivitat in der motorischen Endplatte der quergestreiften Muskulatur von Frosch und Ratte wurde durch die Kupferferrocyanidmethode von Karnovsky (1964) untersucht. Nach etwa 4 min Inkubationszeit bei 20° C tritt der erste Niederschlag in der Synapse auf. In ihr ist nur die Basalmembran markiert, wahrend die prae- und die subsynaptische Membran frei bleiben. Im Bindegewebe uber der motorischen Endplatte hat sich ebenfalls Kupferferrocyanid abgelagert. Nach Zugabe von Eserinsalicylat (10−4 M) zum Waschpuffer vor der Inkubation wird die erforderliche Inkubationsdauer wesentlich verlangert. Zusatzlich zur Basalmembran zeigen jetzt auch pra- und subsynaptische Membran auf ihre Ausenseite einen Kupferferrocyanidniederschlag. Dagegen fehlt er im Bindegewebe uber der Synapse.

The decontaminability and the optimum conditions were studied on the flocculation of rodioactive contaminoted sea water containing radioisotopes of F.P. components. Flocculation is one of the best methods of treating high salt content liquid waste.The results obtained showed that 137Cs and 106Ru were removed to the extent of 99% with 500ppm of copper ferrocyanide (Cu2[Fe(CN)6])floc at pH5-6, whie 144Ce, 147Pm and 95Zr-95Nb Were also removed by 99% With 500ppm of calcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2) floc at pH 10-11, and 90Sr-90Y could be removed to an extent of over 90% with 2, 000ppm of Ca3(PO4)2 accompanied with 500ppm of Sr(NO3)2 at pH 10-11.Addition of a high polymer coagulant, poly acryl amide, did not enhance at all the decontaminability of the flocculation. It may possibly be effective in the treatment of flocculation sludge to support the growth of sedimentation floc.

A new relation between the concentration of the coagulating electrolyte and the time of coagulation of copper ferrocyanide sol has been studied. The observations have been found to agree with the new equation, C = a + (m· 1 t ) (n + 1 t ) , where C and t are electrolyte concentration and time of coagulation, respectively; a, m, and n are constants.

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In a previous research dealing with the structure of semi-permeable membranes, it has been shown that the copper ferrocyanide membrane is built up from colloidal particles having diameters ranging from 50 to 400 μμ ; also that the pores enclosed by these particles have an average diameter which, although large enough to allow passage to any non-colloidal molecule, is small enough to be entirely within the range of capillary effects. On the basis of these facts the hypothesis was advanced that the selective properties of colloidal membranes are due to selective adsorption; a copper ferrocyanide membrane immersed in cane-sugar solution, for instance, being permeable to the water and not to the cane sugar, because the water, rather than the sugar, is selectively adsorbed or “condensed” on to the membrane surface and into its capillaries. The present research is an experimental investigation of this view. The measurements made herein consist in a determination of the change in concentration brought about by immersing more or less dry colloidal copper ferrocyanide in cane-sugar solutions of various strengths. The results obtained tend to confirm the adsorption hypothesis for this case at least.

1. 1. The experiments of Donnan and Allmand on the unequal distribution of potassium chloride across a copper ferrocyanide membrane between a pure aqueous solution and one containing potassium ferr...

The view that the fibers of striated muscle are surrounded by semi-permeable membranes has received a wide acceptance among physiologists, and there has been a good deal of speculation regarding the nature of these membranes. The hypothesis that they are composed of lipoids has received much attention. Artificial lipoid membranes, however, have been found to be either impermeable both to water and to dissolved substances or else nearly equally permeable to water and to dissolved substances. It is a general rule that artificial membranes composed of pure colloids are either impermeable to both water and dissolved salts; or else nearly equally permeable to water and salts, and impermeable only to colloids. The best known artificial membranes which are semi-permeable with regard to salts dissolved in water are composed of precipitates of insoluble salts such as copper ferrocyanide and calcium phosphate.The animal body can present the conditions necessary for the precipitation of calcium phosphate, as, for in...

Yellow zinc ferricyanide is reduced by heating to white zinc ferrocyanide by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of zinc sulphate and sodium, acetate. Copper ferricyanide, however, is reduced to brown copper ferrocyanide at room temperature, by means of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of copper sulphate and sodium acetate. The latter reaction can be applied for the detection of extremely small quantities of hydrogen peroxide both in a test tube (2.5 γ in 1 ml) and as a spot test (0.5 to 1 γ).