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hirtula (Rondani) Limosina hirtula Rondani, 1880: 40. Linley 1977: 42 [checklist]. Coproica hirtula: Causton et al. 2006: 135 [introduced species]; Bergeron et al. 2015: 32 [review]. Distribution. Introduced. Cosmopolitan; Galápagos: Española, Santa Fé. Remarks. Adults of this species were collected in dung and carrion traps set in the littoral zone., Published as part of Sinclair, Bradley J., 2023, An annotated checklist of the Diptera of the Galápagos Archipelago (Ecuador), pp. 1-102 in Zootaxa 5283 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5283.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7912667, {"references":["Rondani, C. (1880) Species Italiae ordinis Dipterorum (Muscaria Rond.) collectae et observatae. Stirps XXV. Copromyzinae Zett. Bullettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 12, 3 - 45.","Causton, C. E., Peck, S. B., Sinclair, B. J., Roque-Albelo, L., Hodgson, C. J. & Landry, B. (2006) Alien insects: threats and implications for conservation of Galapagos Islands. Annals of Entomological Society of America, 99 (1), 121 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2006) 099 [0121: AITAIF] 2.0. CO; 2","Bergeron, M. D., Marshall, S. A. & Swann, J. E. (2015) A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa, 3953 (1), 1 - 157. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3953.1.1"]}

Efficient disposal methods are needed to manage manure produced by industrial animal production. Saprophagous fly larvae could potentially convert manure into fertilizer and produce protein; however, the process is not well studied. Musca domestica, Hydrotaea aenescens, and Coproica hirtula were investigated to determine the most suitable species and conditions that facilitate efficient poultry manure conversion. The objectives were to (1) develop laboratory protocols and timelines for fly production; (2) identify environmental conditions that affect conversion; and (3) determine the ideal manure moisture content, depth, and fly egg-to-manure ratio for manure conversion and protein production. Mass-production was possible for every species and timelines were established for all species except C. hirtula. The most promising species for use in a conversion system was M. domestica and the presence of C. hirtula facilitated complete conversion. When using these species simultaneously the ideal initial conditions were: 77.5% moisture, 2.9cm deep and 0.82g eggs/kg manure. OMAFRA/ University of Guelph partnership