13 results on '"Corbière, Antoine"'
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2. Effect of natural iron fertilization on carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean
- Author
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Blain, Stéphane, Quéguiner, Bernard, Armand, Leanne, Belviso, Sauveur, Bombled, Bruno, Bopp, Laurent, Bowie, Andrew, Brunet, Christian, Brussaard, Corina, Carlotti, François, Christaki, Urania, Corbière, Antoine, Durand, Isabelle, Ebersbach, Frederike, Fuda, Jean-Luc, Garcia, Nicole, Gerringa, Loes, Griffiths, Brian, Guigue, Catherine, Guillerm, Christophe, Jacquet, Stéphanie, Jeandel, Catherine, Laan, Parick, Lefèvre, Dominique, Monaco, Claire Lo, Malits, Andrea, Mosseri, Julie, Obernosterer, Ingrid, Park, Young-Hyang, Picheral, Marc, Pondaven, Philippe, Remenyi, Thomas, Sandroni, Valérie, Sarthou, Géraldine, Savoye, Nicolas, Scouarnec, Lionel, Souhaut, Marc, Thuiller, Doris, Timmermans, Klaas, Trull, Thomas, Uitz, Julia, van Beek, Pieter, Veldhuis, Marcel, Vincent, Dorothée, Viollier, Eric, Vong, Lilita, and Wagener, Thibaut
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Recent acceleration of the sea surface fCO2 growth rate in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre (1993-2008) revealed by winter observations
- Author
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Metzl, Nicolas, Corbière, Antoine, Reverdin, Gilles, Lenton, Andrew, Takahashi, Taro, Olsen, Are, Johannessen, Truls, Pierrot, Denis, Wanninkhof, Rik H., Ólafsdóttir, Sólveig R., Olafsson, Jon, Ramonet, Michel, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami [Coral Gables]-University of Miami [Coral Gables], NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, Institute of Earth Sciences [Reykjavik], University of Iceland [Reykjavik], ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Oceanography: Biological and Chemical: Carbon cycling (0428) ,[SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] ,Oceanography: General: Climate and interannual variability (1616 1635 3305 3309 4513) ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] ,Global Change: Biogeochemical cycles processes and modeling (0412 0141 0793 4805 4912) - Abstract
International audience; Recent studies based on ocean and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) observations, suggesting that the ocean carbon uptake has been reduced, may help explain the increase in the fraction of anthropogenic CO2 emissions that remain in the atmosphere. Is it a response to climate change or a signal of ocean natural variability or both? Regional process analyses are needed to follow the ocean carbon uptake and to enable better attributions of the observed changes. Here, we describe the evolution of the surface ocean CO2 fugacity (fCO2oc) over the period 1993-2008 in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre (NASPG). This analysis is based primarily on observations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) conducted at different seasons in the NASPG between Iceland and Canada. The fCO2oc trends based on DIC and TA data are also compared with direct fCO2 measurements obtained between 2003 and 2007 in the same region. During winters 1993-2003, the fCO2oc growth rate was 3.7 (±0.6) μatm yr-1, higher than in the atmosphere, 1.8 (±0.1) μatm yr-1. This translates to a reduction of the ocean carbon uptake primarily explained by sea surface warming, up to 0.24 (±0.04) °C yr-1. This warming is a consequence of advection of warm water northward from the North Atlantic into the Irminger basin, which occurred as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index moved into a negative phase in winter 1995/1996. In winter 2001-2008, the fCO2oc rise was particularly fast, between 5.8 (±1.1) and 7.2 (±1.3) μatm yr-1 depending on the region, more than twice the atmospheric growth rate of 2.1 (±0.2) μatm yr-1, and in the winter of 2007-2008 the area was supersaturated with CO2. As opposed to the 1990s, this appears to be almost entirely due to changes in seawater carbonate chemistry, the combination of increasing DIC and decreasing of TA. The rapid fCO2ocincrease was not only driven by regional uptake of anthropogenic CO2 but was also likely controlled by a recent increase in convective processes-vertical mixing in the NASPG and cannot be directly associated with NAO variability. The fCO2oc increase observed in 2001-2008 leads to a significant drop in pH of -0.069 (±0.007) decade-1.
- Published
- 2010
4. Acceleration of the sea surface fCO2 growth rate in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre (1993-2008)
- Author
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Metzl, Nicolas, Corbière, Antoine, Reverdin, Gilles, Takahashi, T., Olsen, A., Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] - Abstract
International audience; CO2-NASPG EGU2009 team: N. Metzl (1), A. Corbière (1), G. Reverdin (1), T. Takahashi (2), A. Olsen (3), T. Johannessen (3), D. Pierrot (4), R. Wanninkhof (4), S. R. Ólafsdóttir (5), J. Olafsson (5) and M. Ramonet (6) We describe the evolution of the surface ocean CO2 fugacity (fCO2) over the period 1993-2008 in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre (NASPG). During winters 1993-2003 the growth rate of fCO2 (2.1 to 3.7 μatm.yr-1) between 53-62°N and 45-25°W was higher than in the atmosphere (1.8 μatm.yr-1), leading to a reduction of the ocean carbon uptake. This is mainly explained by the sea surface warming, up to 0.24°C.yr-1, which occurred when the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index moved into a negative phase in winter 1995/96 causing northward advection of warm and saline water derived from the North Atlantic Current into the Irminger basin. The winter data from 2001-2008 indicate that fCO2 has increased much faster (5.5 to 7.1 μatm.yr-1) than in the atmosphere (2.1 μatm.yr-1) in these years. This result derived from DIC and TA data (SURATLANTE program) is confirmed by in-situ fCO2 measurements from the same region obtained in winters of 2003-2007. The fCO2 increase in recent years is fast enough to create ocean CO2 source in winter 2007-2008. The change over 2001-2008 appears to be almost entirely due to changes in seawater chemistry (increase of DIC and nutrients concentrations and a decrease of TA) explaining 95% of the fCO2 trend observed. This suggests that the rapid fCO2 increase is not driven by regional uptake of anthropogenic CO2. Instead, these variations are likely controlled by recent increase of convective processes-vertical mixing in the NASPG identified since 2007. There is also the possibility that the observed fCO2 increase could be caused by variations of remineralization in response to changes in marine species composition (e.g. ecosystems more based on recycling than export).
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- 2009
5. Changes in the North Atlantic Oscillation influence CO2 uptake in the North Atlantic over the past two decades
- Author
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Thomas, H., Prowe, A. E. F., Lima, I. D., Doney, S. C., Wanninkhof, R., Greatbatch, R. J., Schuster, U., Corbière, Antoine, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] - Abstract
International audience; Observational studies report a surprisingly rapid decline of the CO2 uptake in the temperate North Atlantic Ocean during the last decade. We analyze these changes using numerical model simulations for the period 1979-2004, with interannually varying atmospheric forcing. The reorganization in ocean circulation is a major driver of these CO2 system changes. North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) climate patterns are overlain by transient events such as the Great Salinity Anomaly. Our analysis indicates that the recent rapid shifts in CO2 flux are decadal perturbations superimposed on the secular trends and highlights the need for long-term ocean carbon observations and modeling to fully resolve interannual variability, which can obscure detection of the long-term changes associated with anthropogenic CO2 uptake and climate change.
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- 2009
6. Changes in the North Atlantic Oscillation influence CO2 uptake in the North Atlantic over the past 2 decades
- Author
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Thomas, Helmuth, Friederike Prowe, A. E., Lima, Ivan D., Doney, Scott C., Wanninkhof, Rik H., Greatbatch, Richard J., Schuster, Ute, Corbière, Antoine, Department of Oceanography [Halifax] (DO), Dalhousie University [Halifax], Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL)
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[SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] - Abstract
International audience; Observational studies report a rapid decline of ocean CO2 uptake in the temperate North Atlantic during the last decade. We analyze these findings using ocean physical-biological numerical simulations forced with interannually varying atmospheric conditions for the period 1979-2004. In the simulations, surface ocean water mass properties and CO2 system variables exhibit substantial multiannual variability on sub-basin scales in response to wind-driven reorganization in ocean circulation and surface warming/cooling. The simulated temporal evolution of the ocean CO2 system is broadly consistent with reported observational trends and is influenced substantially by the phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Many of the observational estimates cover a period after 1995 of mostly negative or weakly positive NAO conditions, which are characterized in the simulations by reduced North Atlantic Current transport of subtropical waters into the eastern basin and by a decline in CO2 uptake. We suggest therefore that air-sea CO2 uptake may rebound in the eastern temperate North Atlantic during future periods of more positive NAO, similar to the patterns found in our model for the sustained positive NAO period in the early 1990s. Thus, our analysis indicates that the recent rapid shifts in CO2 flux reflect decadal perturbations superimposed on more gradual secular trends. The simulations highlight the need for long-term ocean carbon observations and modeling to fully resolve multiannual variability, which can obscure detection of the long-term changes associated with anthropogenic CO2 uptake and climate change.
- Published
- 2008
7. An empirical estimate of the Southern Ocean air-sea CO2 flux
- Author
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Mcneil, Ben I., Metzl, Nicolas, Key, Robert M., Matear, Richard J., Corbière, Antoine, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)
- Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2007
8. Recent acceleration of the sea surfacefCO2growth rate in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre (1993-2008) revealed by winter observations
- Author
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Metzl, Nicolas, primary, Corbière, Antoine, additional, Reverdin, Gilles, additional, Lenton, Andrew, additional, Takahashi, Taro, additional, Olsen, Are, additional, Johannessen, Truls, additional, Pierrot, Denis, additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Ólafsdóttir, Solveig R., additional, Olafsson, Jon, additional, and Ramonet, Michel, additional
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Changes in the North Atlantic Oscillation influence CO2uptake in the North Atlantic over the past 2 decades
- Author
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Thomas, Helmuth, primary, Friederike Prowe, A. E., additional, Lima, Ivan D., additional, Doney, Scott C., additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Greatbatch, Richard J., additional, Schuster, Ute, additional, and Corbière, Antoine, additional
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Interannual and decadal variability of the oceanic carbon sink in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre
- Author
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Corbière, Antoine, primary, Metzl, Nicolas, additional, Reverdin, Gilles, additional, Brunet, Christian, additional, and Takahashi, Taro, additional
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Recent acceleration of the sea surface fCO2 growth rate in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre (1993-2008) revealed by winter.
- Author
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Metzl, Nicolas, Corbière, Antoine, Reverdin, Gilles, Lenton, Andrew, Takahashi, Taro, Olsen, Are, Johannessen, Truls, Pierrot, Denis, Wanninkhof, Rik, Óaftsdòttir, Solveig R., Olafsson, Jon, and Ramonet, Michel
- Subjects
CARBON dioxide ,CLIMATE change ,NORTH Atlantic oscillation ,OCEAN-atmosphere interaction ,SEAWATER - Abstract
Recent studies based on ocean and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO
2 ) observations, suggesting that the ocean carbon uptake has been reduced, may help explain the increase in the fraction of anthropogenic CO2 emissions that remain in the atmosphere. is it a response to climate change or a signal of ocean natural variability or both? Regional process analyses are needed to follow the ocean carbon uptake and to enable better attributions of the observed changes. Here, we describe the evolution of the surface ocean CO2 fugacity (fCOoc 2 ) over the period 1993-2008 in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre (NASPG). This analysis is based primarily on observations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) conducted at different seasons in the NASPG between iceland and Canada. The fCOoc 2 trends based on DIC and TA data are also compared with direct fCO2 measurements obtained between 2003 and 2007 in the same region. During winters 1993-2003, the fCOoc 2 growth rate was 3.7 (±0.6) μatm y-1 , higher than in the atmosphere, 1.8 (±0.1) μatm yr-1 . This translates to a reduction of the ocean carbon uptake primarily explained by sea surface warming, up to 0.24 (±0.04) °C yr-1 . This warming is a consequence of advection of warm water northward from the North Atlantic into the Irminger basin, which occurred as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index moved into a negative phase in winter 1995/1996. In winter 2001-2008, the fCOoc 2 rise was particularly fast, between 5.8 (±1.1) and 7.2 (±1.3) μatm yr-1 depending on the region, more than twice the atmospheric growth rate of 2.1 (±0.2) μatm yr-1 , and in the winter of 2007-2008 the area was supersaturated with CO2 . As opposed to the 1990s, this appears to be almost entirely due to changes in seawater carbonate chemistry, the combination of increasing DIC and decreasing of TA. The rapid fCOoc 2 increase was not only driven by regional uptake of anthropogenic CO2 but was also likely controlled by a recent increase in convective processes-vertical mixing in the NASPG and cannot be directly associated with NAO variability. The fCOoc 2 C increase observed in 2001-2008 leads to a significant drop in pH of -0.069 (±0.007) decade-1 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Changes in the North Atlantic Oscillation influence CO2 uptake in the North Atlantic over the past 2 decades.
- Author
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Thomas, Helmuth, Prowe, A. E. Friederike, Lima, Ivan D., Doney, Scott C., Wanninkhof, Rik, Greatbatch, Richard J., Schuster, Ute, and Corbière, Antoine
- Subjects
NORTH Atlantic oscillation ,ATMOSPHERIC pressure ,OCEAN-atmosphere interaction ,SCIENTIFIC observation ,COMPUTER simulation ,OCEAN circulation ,CLIMATE change ,BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles ,BIOGEOCHEMISTRY - Abstract
Observational studies report a rapid decline of ocean CO
2 uptake in the temperate North Atlantic during the last decade. We analyze these findings using ocean physical-biological numerical simulations forced with interannually varying atmospheric conditions for the period 1979-2004. In the simulations, surface ocean water mass properties and CO2 system variables exhibit substantial multiannual variability on sub- basin scales in response to wind-driven reorganization in ocean circulation and surface warming/cooling. The simulated temporal evolution of the ocean CO2 system is broadly consistent with reported observational trends and is influenced substantially by the phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Many of the observational estimates cover a period after 1995 of mostly negative or weakly positive NAO conditions, which are characterized in the simulations by reduced North Atlantic Current transport of subtropical waters into the eastern basin and by a decline in CO2 uptake. We suggest therefore that air-sea CO2 uptake may rebound in the eastern temperate North Atlantic during future periods of more positive NAO, similar to the patterns found in our model for the sustained positive NAO period in the early 1 990s. Thus, our analysis indicates that the recent rapid shifts in CO2 flux reflect decadal perturbations superimposed on more gradual secular trends. The simulations highlight the need for long-term ocean carbon observations and modeling to fully resolve multiannual variability, which can obscure detection of the long-term changes associated with anthropogenic CO2 uptake and climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Tracking the Variable North Atlantic Sink for Atmospheric CO2.
- Author
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Watson, Andrew J., Schuster, Ute, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Bates, Nicholas R., Corbière, Antoine, González-Dávila, Melchor, Friedrich, Tobias, Hauck, Judith, Heinze, Christoph, Johannessen, Truls, Körtzinger, Arne, Metzl, Nicolas, Olafsson, Jon, Olsen, Are, Oschlies, Andreas, Padin, X. Antonio, Pfeil, Benjamin, Santana-Casiano, J. Magdalena, Steinhoff, Tobias, and Telszewski, Maciej
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MARINE ecology , *CARBON dioxide sinks , *ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide , *EFFECT of human beings on climate change , *CARBON cycle , *OCEAN-atmosphere interaction - Abstract
The oceans are a major sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Historically, observations have been too sparse to allow accurate tracking of changes in rates of CO2 uptake over ocean basins, so little is known about how these vary. Here, we show observations indicating substantial variability in the CO2 uptake by the North Atlantic on time scales of a few years. Further, we use measurements from a coordinated network of instrumented commercial ships to define the annual flux into the North Atlantic, for the year 2005, to a precision of about 10%. This approach offers the prospect of accurately monitoring the changing ocean CO2 sink for those ocean basins that are well covered by shipping routes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
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