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1. Mycoplasma bovis Infections in Free-Ranging Pronghorn, Wyoming, USA

Author

Malmberg, Jennifer L., O'Toole, Donal, Creekmore, Terry, Peckham, Erika, Killion, Hally, Vance, Madison, Ashley, Rebecca, Johnson, Marguerite, Anderson, Christopher, Vasquez, Marce, Sandidge, Douglas, Mildenberger, Jim, Hull, Noah, Bradway, Dan, Cornish, Todd, Register, Karen B., and Sondgeroth, Kerry S.

Subjects
Bacterial pneumonia -- Diagnosis -- Causes of, Mycoplasma diseases in animals -- Diagnosis -- Complications and side effects, Wildlife diseases -- Diagnosis -- Complications and side effects, Pneumonia -- Diagnosis -- Causes of, Pronghorn antelope -- Diseases, Health
Abstract

The bacterium Mycoplasma bovis is an economically important pathogen of cattle that contributes to the multifactorial bovine respiratory disease complex. In addition to causing respiratory disease, this bacterium can cause [...]

Published
2020
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2. PATHOLOGY OF CHRONIC MYCOPLASMA OVIPNEUMONIAE CARRIERS IN A DECLINING BIGHORN SHEEP (OVIS CANADENSIS) POPULATION.

Author

Malmberg, Jennifer L., Allen, Samantha E., Jennings-Gaines, Jessica E., Johnson, Marguerite, Luukkonen, Katie L., Robbins, Kara M., Cornish, Todd E., Smiley, Rachel A., Wagler, Brittany L., Gregory, Zach, Lutz, Daryl, Hnilicka, Pat, Monteith, Kevin L., and Edwards, William H.

Abstract

Bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) across North America commonly experience population-limiting epizootics of respiratory disease. Although many cases of bighorn sheep pneumonia are polymicrobial, Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae is most frequently associated with all-age mortality events followed by years of low recruitment. Chronic carriage of M. ovipneumoniae by adult females serves as a source of exposure of naïve juveniles; relatively few ewes may be responsible for maintenance of infection within a herd. Test-and-remove strategies focused on removal of adult females with evidence of persistent or intermittent shedding (hereafter chronic carriers) may reduce prevalence and mitigate mortality. Postmortem confirmation of pneumonia in chronic carriers has been inadequately reported and the pathology has not been thoroughly characterized, limiting our understanding of important processes shaping the epidemiology of pneumonia in bighorn sheep. Here we document postmortem findings and characterize the lesions of seven ewes removed from a declining bighorn sheep population in Wyoming, USA, following at least two antemortem detections of M. ovipneumoniae within a 14-mo period. We confirmed that 6/7 (85.7%) had variable degrees of chronic pneumonia. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae was detected in the lung of 4/7 (57.1%) animals postmortem. Four (57.1%) had paranasal sinus masses, all of which were classified as inflammatory, hyperplastic lesions. Pasteurella multocida was detected in all seven (100%) animals, while Trueperella pyogenes was detected in 5/7 (71.4%). Our findings indicate that not all chronic carriers have pneumonia, nor do all have detectable M. ovipneumoniae in the lung. Further, paranasal sinus masses are a common but inconsistent finding, and whether sinus lesions predispose to persistence or result from chronic carriage remains unclear. Our findings indicate that disease is variable in chronic M. ovipneumoniae carriers, underscoring the need for further efforts to characterize pathologic processes and underlying mechanisms in this system to inform management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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11. What Is Your Diagnosis?

Author

Powers, Lauren V., Degernes, Laurel A., Starrak, Greg, Douglass, James, and Cornish, Todd

Published
1996

17. From the field: Outbreak of West Nile virus in greater sage-grouse and guidelines for monitoring, handling, and submitting dead birds

Author

Walker, Brett L., Naugle, David E., Doherty, Kevin E., and Cornish, Todd E.

Subjects
West Nile virus -- Development and progression, Sage grouse -- Health aspects, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

A drastic mortality rate and decline is observed among populations of greater sage-grouse due to the epidemic of the West Nile virus (WNV). Schemes for evaluating WNV deaths and for handling, stocking, and presenting dead birds for scrutiny are described.

Published
2004

18. Evaluation of serologic testing of rams in the management of Brucella ovis in a domestic sheep flock.

Author

Branscom, Lindsey A., Cornish, Todd E., and Sondgeroth, Kerry S.

Subjects
BRUCELLA, PATHOGENIC bacteria, SHEEP diseases
Abstract

Brucella ovis is a bacterial pathogen present in most major sheep-producing regions of the world. The pathogen is associated with ram infertility, decreased ewe conception rates, and premature lambs. Twenty ELISA seropositive or indeterminate rams were culled from a B. ovis–positive flock, and donated to the Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory for evaluation of infection. Tissues from each ram were collected at autopsy for additional testing, including bacterial culture, PCR, and histopathology. Of 17 seropositive rams, 11 rams were also positive by culture and PCR, and had evidence of mild histologic lesions; 1 seropositive ram was positive by culture with mild histologic lesions, but negative by PCR. Five seropositive rams were negative by culture and PCR and had no histologic lesions. Three indeterminate rams were negative by culture and by PCR and had no histologic lesions. The tissues in which B. ovis was most often detected included the epididymis, vesicular gland, and ampulla. Although this was a small study, the observation that 5 of 17 (29%) rams that were initially seropositive had no evidence of infection is interesting. A convalescent test for valuable seropositive animals prior to culling may be useful, and reproductive tissues may be evaluated postmortem if confirmatory testing is desired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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21. Vaccine associated mucosal disease case study

Author

Miller, Myrna M., O'Toole, Donal, Cavender, Jacqueline L., Cornish, Todd E., Dawson, Timothy G., Smylie, J. Maxwell, Fox, Jonathan H., Hill, Kevin L., Montgomery, Donald L., Vazquez, Marce, and Schumaker, Brant A.

Subjects
business.industry, viruses, Outbreak, Mucosal disease, Asymptomatic, Virology, Virus, Vaccination, Immune system, medicine, medicine.symptom, Viral diarrhea, business, Terminal Disease
Abstract

Mucosal disease (MD) affected a single-source group of 461 recently purchased yearling steers shortly after vaccination with a multivalent vaccine containing 2 strains of modified-live bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Terminal disease affected 21 steers at 18 to 66 days post-vaccination, and was confirmed as mucosal disease in 3 carcasses examined postmortem. An additional 17 animals identified as persistently infected remained asymptomatic during the study A laboratory study was undertaken to determine whether mucosal disease was triggered by a BVDV in the multivalent vaccine. Purified cytopathic BVDV isolates from 2 animals that died early in the outbreak were genetically identical (>99%) to the vaccine type 2 BVDV strain 125a in 3 genomic regions: 5′-untranslated region to the Npro, E2, and NS2/3. This genetic identity combined with the presence of a single peak outbreak occurring soon after vaccination suggests that the vaccine BVDV was the cause of mucosal disease in these steers. The investigation underscores laboratory challenges in determining the role of vaccinal BVDV when mucosal disease affects multiple animals within 2 months of vaccination, and the need for laboratory testing to identify all persistently infected animals., The Bovine Practitioner, Vol. 47, No. 2 (2013 Summer)

Published
2013
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22. Evaluation of serologic testing of rams in the management of Brucella ovisin a domestic sheep flock

Author

Branscom, Lindsey A., Cornish, Todd E., and Sondgeroth, Kerry S.

Abstract

Brucella ovisis a bacterial pathogen present in most major sheep-producing regions of the world. The pathogen is associated with ram infertility, decreased ewe conception rates, and premature lambs. Twenty ELISA seropositive or indeterminate rams were culled from a B. ovis–positive flock, and donated to the Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory for evaluation of infection. Tissues from each ram were collected at autopsy for additional testing, including bacterial culture, PCR, and histopathology. Of 17 seropositive rams, 11 rams were also positive by culture and PCR, and had evidence of mild histologic lesions; 1 seropositive ram was positive by culture with mild histologic lesions, but negative by PCR. Five seropositive rams were negative by culture and PCR and had no histologic lesions. Three indeterminate rams were negative by culture and by PCR and had no histologic lesions. The tissues in which B. oviswas most often detected included the epididymis, vesicular gland, and ampulla. Although this was a small study, the observation that 5 of 17 (29%) rams that were initially seropositive had no evidence of infection is interesting. A convalescent test for valuable seropositive animals prior to culling may be useful, and reproductive tissues may be evaluated postmortem if confirmatory testing is desired.

Published
2019
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25. Vaccine associated mucosal disease case study

Author

Miller, Myrna M., primary, O'Toole, Donal, additional, Cavender, Jacqueline L., additional, Cornish, Todd E., additional, Dawson, Timothy G., additional, Smylie, J. Maxwell, additional, Fox, Jonathan H., additional, Hill, Kevin L., additional, Montgomery, Donald L., additional, Vazquez, Marce, additional, and Schumaker, Brant A., additional

Published
2013
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26. Canine distemper outbreak in pet store puppies linked to a high-volume dog breeder

Author

Schumaker, Brant A., primary, Miller, Myrna M., additional, Grosdidier, Paul, additional, Cavender, Jacqueline L., additional, Montgomery, Donald L., additional, Cornish, Todd E., additional, Farr, Robert M., additional, Driscoll, Michael, additional, Maness, Lori J., additional, Gray, Tangney, additional, Petersen, Dana, additional, Brown, William L., additional, Logan, Jim, additional, and O’Toole, Donal, additional

Published
2012
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27. Pathology in Practice

Author

O'Toole, Donal, primary, Miller, Myrna M., additional, Cavender, Jacqueline L., additional, and Cornish, Todd E., additional

Published
2012
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30. Field Evaluation of a Multiplex Real-Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Detection of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

Author

Wilson, William C., primary, Letchworth, Geoffrey J., additional, Jiménez, Carlos, additional, Herrero, Marco V., additional, Navarro, Roberto, additional, Paz, Pedro, additional, Cornish, Todd E., additional, Smoliga, George, additional, Pauszek, Steven J., additional, Dornak, Carrie, additional, George, Marcos, additional, and Rodriguez, Luis L., additional

Published
2009
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34. Morris Animal Foundation

Author

Giguére, Steeve, primary, Blickslager, Anthony T., additional, Cornish, Todd, additional, and Mealey, Robert H., additional

Published
2005
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35. Comparison of Ear Notch Immunohistochemistry, Ear Notch Antigen-Capture ELISA, and Buffy Coat Virus Isolation for Detection of Calves Persistently Infected with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

Author

Cornish, Todd E., primary, van Olphen, Alberto L., additional, Cavender, Jacqueline L., additional, Edwards, Joan M., additional, Jaeger, Paula T., additional, Vieyra, Leslie L., additional, Woodard, Lynn F., additional, Miller, Dan R., additional, and O'Toole, Donal, additional

Published
2005
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37. West Nile virus: pending crisis for greater sage-grouse

Author

Naugle, David E., primary, Aldridge, Cameron L., additional, Walker, Brett L., additional, Cornish, Todd E., additional, Moynahan, Brendan J., additional, Holloran, Matt J., additional, Brown, Kimberly, additional, Johnson, Gregory D., additional, Schmidtmann, Edward T., additional, Mayer, Richard T., additional, Kato, Cecilia Y., additional, Matchett, Marc R., additional, Christiansen, Thomas J., additional, Cook, Walter E., additional, Creekmore, Terry, additional, Falise, Roxanne D., additional, Thomas Rinkes, E., additional, and Boyce, Mark S., additional

Published
2004
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40. Abortion and premature birth in cattle following vaccination with Brucella abortusstrain RB51

Author

Dougherty, Amanda M. Fluegel, Cornish, Todd E., O’Toole, Donal, Boerger-Fields, Amy M., Henderson, Owen L., and Mills, Ken W.

Abstract

Brucella abortusRB51 is the vaccine strain currently licensed for immunizing cattle against brucellosis in the United States. Most cattle are vaccinated as heifer calves at 4–12 months of age. Adult cattle may be vaccinated in selected high-risk situations. Two herds of pregnant adult cattle in the brucellosis-endemic area of Wyoming were vaccinated with a standard label dose (1.0–3.4 × 1010organisms) of RB51. Reproductive losses in the vaccinated herds were 5.3% (herd A) and 0.6% (herd B) and included abortions, stillbirths, premature calves, and unbred cows (presumed early abortion). Brucella abortuswas cultured from multiple tissues of aborted and premature calves (7/9), and from placenta. Isolates were identified as B. abortusstrain RB51 by standard strain typing procedures and a species-specific polymerase chain reaction. Bronchopneumonia with intralesional bacteria and placentitis were observed microscopically. There was no evidence of involvement of other infectious or toxic causes of abortion. Producers, veterinarians, and laboratory staff should be alert to the risk of abortion when pregnant cattle are vaccinated with RB51, to potential human exposure, and to the importance of distinguishing field from vaccinal strains of B. abortus.

Published
2013
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41. Abortion and premature birth in cattle following vaccination with Brucella abortus strain RB51.

Author

Fluegel Dougherty AM, Cornish TE, O'Toole D, Boerger-Fields AM, Henderson OL, and Mills KW

Subjects
Aborted Fetus immunology, Abortion, Veterinary epidemiology, Abortion, Veterinary immunology, Animals, Bacterial Vaccines immunology, Brucellosis epidemiology, Brucellosis immunology, Brucellosis microbiology, Cattle, Cattle Diseases epidemiology, Cattle Diseases immunology, Female, Histocytochemistry veterinary, Pregnancy, Vaccination adverse effects, Vaccination veterinary, Wyoming epidemiology, Aborted Fetus microbiology, Abortion, Veterinary microbiology, Brucella abortus immunology, Brucellosis veterinary, Cattle Diseases microbiology, Disease Outbreaks veterinary
Abstract

Brucella abortus RB51 is the vaccine strain currently licensed for immunizing cattle against brucellosis in the United States. Most cattle are vaccinated as heifer calves at 4-12 months of age. Adult cattle may be vaccinated in selected high-risk situations. Two herds of pregnant adult cattle in the brucellosis-endemic area of Wyoming were vaccinated with a standard label dose (1.0-3.4 × 10(10) organisms) of RB51. Reproductive losses in the vaccinated herds were 5.3% (herd A) and 0.6% (herd B) and included abortions, stillbirths, premature calves, and unbred cows (presumed early abortion). Brucella abortus was cultured from multiple tissues of aborted and premature calves (7/9), and from placenta. Isolates were identified as B. abortus strain RB51 by standard strain typing procedures and a species-specific polymerase chain reaction. Bronchopneumonia with intralesional bacteria and placentitis were observed microscopically. There was no evidence of involvement of other infectious or toxic causes of abortion. Producers, veterinarians, and laboratory staff should be alert to the risk of abortion when pregnant cattle are vaccinated with RB51, to potential human exposure, and to the importance of distinguishing field from vaccinal strains of B. abortus.

Published
2013
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42. Pathology in practice: abortion in the heifers of this report was a result of BoHV-1 infection.

Author

O'Toole D, Miller MM, Cavender JL, and Cornish TE

Subjects
Aborted Fetus pathology, Aborted Fetus virology, Abortion, Veterinary pathology, Animals, Cattle, Extraembryonic Membranes pathology, Extraembryonic Membranes virology, Female, Herpesviridae Infections pathology, Herpesviridae Infections virology, Pregnancy, Abortion, Veterinary virology, Cattle Diseases virology, Herpesviridae Infections veterinary, Herpesvirus 1, Bovine isolation & purification
Published
2012
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