90 results on '"Corruccini RS"'
Search Results
2. Biological divergence and equality during the first millennium BC in human populations of central Italy.
- Author
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Rubini M, Mogliazza S, and Corruccini RS
- Subjects
- History, Ancient, Humans, Italy, Fossils, Gene Flow, Genetics, Population, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Skull anatomy & histology
- Abstract
The frequencies of nine discrete cranial traits are contrasted among 10 skeletal series of central Italy to assess the patterning of biological affinity or divergence. In this study various statistical applications were used: Mean Measure of Divergence (MMD), which was elaborated using the WPGMA cluster analysis, neighbor-joining method and principal coordinate analysis. The results show two main groups divided by the Apennines, which probably were a geographic barrier to biological exchange during the Italian Iron Age. This fact induced endogamous phenomena in the populations on the two sides of Italy (Adriatic and Tyrrenian) and probably increased the familial segregation of traits. The group on the western side has a further division between samples of the central coast and those of the southern coast. The latter samples seem to be more closely connected to Sardinian peoples, and this indicates gene flow and cultural contacts, which were not hindered by the sea. This segregation appears to have receded by Roman times.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Exploring the relationship between hypoplasia and odontometric asymmetry in Isola Sacra, an imperial Roman necropolis.
- Author
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Hoover KC, Corruccini RS, Bondioli L, and Macchiarelli R
- Subjects
- Dental Enamel Hypoplasia history, History, Ancient, Humans, Malocclusion history, Rome, Rural Population, Dental Enamel Hypoplasia pathology, Malocclusion pathology, Paleodontology, Roman World
- Abstract
Anthropological studies reporting odontometric asymmetry values or dental enamel hypoplasia frequencies use these markers as a record of physiological perturbations occurring during dental development. While both markers indirectly suggest the amount of relative stress a population might have experienced, a relationship between the two has been explored only recently in the literature. In this study, we address the possibility of such a relationship in two ways. First, Kendall's tau B correlations test the degree of relationship on the level of the individual between hypoplasia presence/absence (P/A) and severity of hypoplasia appearance (PS) data for the anterior dentition and directional (DA) and fluctuating asymmetry (FA) data for concurrently developing molars pairs. Second, an F-test explores between-group (ranked hypoplastic individuals and non-hypoplastic individuals) variance about the mean, expecting the hypoplastic individuals to be more variable. The sample consists of 72 individuals from the Isola Sacra necropolis, which is associated with Portus, the port city of ancient Rome. Results indicated only a very weak predictive relationship between some variables and few significant differences in variation. However, variance follows trends in published literature. Possible explanations for the lack of interaction on the level of the individual include both etiological and genetic susceptibility factors that are significant in and of themselves as they suggest a more complex reading of the hard tissue evidence for stress in archaeological populations., (Copyright 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc)
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Correspondence between enamel hypoplasia and odontometric bilateral asymmetry in Australian twins.
- Author
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Corruccini RS, Townsend GC, and Schwerdt W
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, South Australia, Dental Enamel Hypoplasia pathology, Diseases in Twins pathology, Malocclusion pathology, Twins
- Abstract
Four aspects of enamel hypoplasia of the maxillary central incisor and mandibular canine (hypoplasia presence, width, cumulative width, and crown position) were correlated with directional and fluctuating measures of bilateral odontometric asymmetry in a large panel (n = 950) of South Australian twins. Hypoplasia and asymmetry are thought to reflect general developmental disruption, but they show few correlations beyond the expected statistical type I error. This may relate to differences in their specific etiology, the composite nature of overall crown dimensions, a general lack of stress, and the extended period of formation of dental crowns. In contrast, asymmetry is marginally more detectable in a subsample separated according to hypoplastic teeth, suggesting that correspondence may be clearer in comparisons at the population rather than individual level. The most notable difference is the greater variability of asymmetry measures in hypoplastic individuals., (2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Decline in enamel hypoplasia in relation to fluoridation in Australians.
- Author
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Corruccini RS and Townsend GC
- Subjects
- Adult, Age Factors, Australia epidemiology, Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Dental Enamel Hypoplasia prevention & control, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Dental Enamel Hypoplasia epidemiology, Fluoridation
- Abstract
Enamel hypoplasias are thought to represent calcification disruption indicative of metabolic stress during development. Hypoplasias of permanent maxillary central incisors and mandibular canines have undergone a notable reduction in frequency between Euro-Australian twins born around 1965 and those born ca. 1990. Even when scored very liberally these linear defects are 3.1-4.6 times as prevalent in the earlier Australians, and the discrepancy is proportionately greater among strictly scored defects. Likely correlates of this secular trend logically include reduced childhood fevers and clinical intervention to reduce circum-natal stresses acting on cotwins. However, fluoridation of metropolitan water has emerged as the statistically strongest hypoplasia-preventing factor., (Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Dental relatedness corresponding to mortuary patterning at Huaca Loro, Peru.
- Author
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Corruccini RS and Shimada I
- Subjects
- Family Relations, Fossils, Humans, Peru, Burial, Dentition
- Abstract
Within and between tombs at the 1,000-year-old site of Huaca Loro on north coastal Peru, interment characteristics vary to an intriguing degree. Following and elaborating upon prior intracemetery studies, biological relatedness among associated burial groupings was assessed using 23 dental characters (assuming familial allele segregation) for 29 individuals. Biological patterning was based on multivariate distance between individuals using all traits, rather than the previously widespread reliance upon univariate comparison of each trait separately within samples. This multivariate approach did seem more informative. Statistically significant variation of biological similarities and dissimilarities corresponded to spatial groupings and also to various specific archaeological indications of the cohesiveness, or lack thereof, of interment pattern. The partition of biological distances among tombs at Huaca Loro supports the archaeological evidence that the tombs represent a planned elite cemetery., (Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
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7. Knuckle-walking hominid ancestors.
- Author
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Corruccini RS and McHenry HM
- Subjects
- Animals, Fossils, Hominidae anatomy & histology, Humans, Primates anatomy & histology, Hominidae physiology, Primates physiology, Walking physiology
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
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8. Enamel hypoplasias related to famine stress in living Chinese.
- Author
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Zhou L and Corruccini RS
- Abstract
The relationship between linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) and nutritional stress caused by a grave historical famine (1959-1961) was investigated among contemporary Chinese. Based on dental observations in a sample of 3,014 subjects from rural and urban China, and data on famine stress from a variety of historical sources, hypotheses regarding the relation between LEH and nutritional stress were tested. Famine stress raised LEH prevalence significantly in the birth cohorts having their teeth developing during famine years; therefore, a correlation between nutritional stress and formation of LEH as suggested by previous studies was indicated. Rural subjects had significantly higher LEH prevalence than urban subjects, and this was attributed to poorer nutritional and living conditions in rural areas. Males had a slightly higher LEH prevalence than females, so that female biological buffering to environmental stress appears to have outweighed possible cultural practice of daughter neglect in this difference. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 10:723-733, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc., (Copyright © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
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9. Dietary consistency and craniofacial development related to masticatory function in minipigs.
- Author
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Ciochon RL, Nisbett RA, and Corruccini RS
- Subjects
- Animals, Body Weight, Cartilage, Articular anatomy & histology, Female, Hardness, Malocclusion etiology, Masseter Muscle anatomy & histology, Multivariate Analysis, Skull anatomy & histology, Swine, Temporal Muscle anatomy & histology, Temporomandibular Joint anatomy & histology, Dental Occlusion, Diet, Mastication, Maxillofacial Development, Skull growth & development
- Abstract
Since the 1890s oral biological researchers have been interested in the idea that strenuous mastication of unprocessed food will stimulate proper oral-facial growth and occlusal relationships. Conversely, lack of such function due to consumption of refined food is one hypothesis among many for the etiology of malocclusion in industrialized humans. Adequately controlled experimental testing of the idea has been limited to rats. To investigate the "disuse" theory in a larger-bodied and more occlusally relevant animal model, we raised four Yucatan minipigs from weaning on hard diet (HD) and another four on softened but equivalent diet (SD). The animals were monitored for eight months, sacrificed, and then occlusal and osteometric data collected. Variations due to dietary regime are pervasive and not due to caries, periodontitis, or attrition differences. Whereas HD body weight is 10% greater than SD, the deep masseter is 25% greater, with similar disproportion in superficial masseter and temporalis weight. Facial prognathism, arch narrowness, tooth crowding/maleruption and posterior cranial tapering are markedly different in the two groups. A curious posterior torsional difference in the mandibular rami, as well as broadness and flatness of the mandibular symphysis, also occur in SD. We performed a Q-mode principal coordinates analysis of the 19 logged variables for the specimens, bootstrapping the variable list, to demonstrate a statistically significant (P < .01) overall pattern of dramatic differences. Having controlled other celebrated orthodontic etiologies (genetic background, respiratory mode, infectious degeneration and interproximal attrition), these results support the proposition that dietary consistency relates directly to human craniofacial growth.
- Published
- 1997
10. Of ratios and rationality.
- Author
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Corruccini RS
- Subjects
- Anthropometry, Statistics as Topic
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
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11. Congenital syphilis in the past: slaves at Newton Plantation, Barbados, West Indies.
- Author
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Jacobi KP, Cook DC, Corruccini RS, and Handler JS
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Archaeology methods, Barbados epidemiology, Child, Child, Preschool, Demography, Dental Enamel pathology, Health Status, Humans, Incisor anatomy & histology, Incisor pathology, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Molar anatomy & histology, Molar pathology, Syphilis, Congenital epidemiology, Tooth pathology, Dentition, Syphilis, Congenital pathology, Tooth anatomy & histology
- Abstract
Hutchinson's incisors and Moon's molars are specific lesions of congenital syphilis. The extensive but fragmentary clinical literature on these conditions describes reduced dimensions and thin enamel in the permanent incisors and first molars, crowding and infolding of the first molar cusps, notching of the upper incisors, and apical hypoplasias of the permanent canines. A Barbados slave cemetery (ca. 1660-1820 AD) includes three individuals with these features, suggesting a frequency at birth of congenital syphilis in the population approaching 10%. These three cases show triple the frequency of all hypoplasias and more than seven times the frequency of pitting hypoplasia present in the remainder of the series. The recognizable congenital syphilis cases account for much of the remarkably high frequency of hypoplasias in the series as a whole. We infer that syphilis contributed substantially to morbidity, infant mortality, and infertility in this population. Presence or absence of congenital syphilis may account for much of the variability in health and mortality seen among nineteenth century African-American populations.
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
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12. Metrical reconsideration of the Skhul IV and IX and Border Cave 1 crania in the context of modern human origins.
- Author
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Corruccini RS
- Subjects
- Africa, Animals, Humans, Middle East, Fossils, Hominidae anatomy & histology, Skull anatomy & histology
- Abstract
The "out-of-Africa" models for origins of modern Homo sapiens incorporate Skhul as one site documenting that early origination. However, only Skhul V is usually considered in the comparative craniology of the question, neglecting the other substantial crania, Skhul IV and IX. Craniometric comparison demonstrates that IV and IX amplify the picture of continuous gradations of Neandertal-to-modern variations throughout the Levant; much variation is thus represented within this one site, raising serious questions about Neandertals and moderns being discrete and long-separated species. Qafzeh 6 too is craniophenetically closer to Neandertals than to the true anatomically modern people of the European Upper Paleolithic. Proper distance analysis of Border Cave 1 cranium shows it is actually far removed from modern African populations. References to Qafzeh, Skhul, and Border Cave as "fully anatomically modern" require reconsideration.
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
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13. Genetic epidemiology of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in north India: preliminary analyses of some genetic markers in Punjabis.
- Author
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Gill PS, Chahal SM, Blangero J, Corruccini RS, Bansal IJ, Kaul SS, and Bhalla V
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 epidemiology, Ethnicity, Humans, India epidemiology, Likelihood Functions, Middle Aged, Phenotype, Polymorphism, Genetic, Risk Factors, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 genetics, Gene Frequency, Genetic Markers genetics
- Abstract
Studies on monozygotic (MZ) twins and admixed populations show that the predisposition to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus has a large genetic component. We have examined the distribution of some genetic polymorphisms (ABO, GLO, ESD, AK, ACPA, and GPI) in control and diabetic Punjabis from north India. The distribution of various genetic markers indicate that the differences between the control and diabetic samples are statistically not significant. Moreover, a contingency chi-square analysis over all loci suggests nonsignificant genetic differentiation (p = 0.50) between the Punjabi samples.
- Published
- 1991
14. Occlusal variation in Australian aboriginals.
- Author
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Corruccini RS, Townsend GC, and Brown T
- Subjects
- Adult, Age Factors, Dental Arch anatomy & histology, Diet, Female, Fluoridation, Humans, Male, Mastication, Middle Aged, Northern Territory, Odontometry, Regression Analysis, Sex Characteristics, Tooth anatomy & histology, Dental Occlusion, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
- Abstract
Variation of dental occlusion around established norms has frequently been related to industrialized or modernized life habits. This tendency has been tested among samples (n = 48) of older (originally nomadic) and younger (settled and rationed) Australian Aboriginals. Although significant differences are found in incisor relation traits, tooth malalignment, and relative arch breadth, these are slight compared to some other studies of peoples undergoing one-generation dietary westernization. Reasons for this might relate to concomitantly subtle differences in diet or masticatory habits, genetic buffering, attrition gradient, tooth size, biased sampling according to tooth retention, or fluoride in water supplies.
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
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15. Genetic and environmental determinants of dental occlusal variation in twins of different nationalities.
- Author
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Corruccini RS, Townsend GC, Richards LC, and Brown T
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Australia, Female, Genetic Markers blood, Humans, India, Male, Malocclusion blood, Malocclusion pathology, United States, Diseases in Twins genetics, Genetic Variation, Malocclusion genetics
- Abstract
We have compared 10 occlusal traits in 358 monozygous and dizygous twin pairs in 4 different samples and estimated genetic variances for these features. Variable and frequently nonsignificant genetic variance was noted across samples for incisal overbite and overjet, sagittal molar relationship, posterior crossbite, and rotations and displacements of anterior teeth. Heritability estimates (when appropriately calculated) were low in magnitude (0-40%) and erratic, emphasizing the importance of environmental influences on occlusal variation and the variability of apparent genetic determinants with respect to the environment or population in which they are measured.
- Published
- 1990
16. Australian aboriginal tooth succession, interproximal attrition, and Begg's theory.
- Author
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Corruccini RS
- Subjects
- Australia, Diet, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Odontometry, Philosophy, Dental, Tooth, Deciduous anatomy & histology, Dental Arch anatomy & histology, Malocclusion pathology, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, Tooth anatomy & histology, Tooth Abrasion etiology, Tooth Abrasion pathology
- Abstract
In 1954, P.R. Begg analyzed interproximal attrition as a prehistorically universal mechanism to reduce tooth size. With modern processed diets and the virtual disappearance of constant interproximal attrition, Begg asserted, teeth remain too large for the arches and become crowded. Later investigators have questioned Begg's estimate of attritional tooth-size reduction, as well as aspects of his theory relating the succession sequence of permanent teeth to different malocclusions. The present paper examines the theory using longitudinal casts and records of modern Australian aborigines who are among the first generation lacking notable interproximal attrition thanks to a "modernized" diet. Deciduous and permanent tooth size, arch size, and occlusal relational variables were analyzed with respect to the expected occlusal outcomes in the absence of attritional tooth reduction. Permanent incisor overjet correlated with crowding status, as predicted by Begg. On the other hand, longer teeth did not relate to crowding in general nor to crowding in relevant local areas or during developmental stages. Unfavorable leeway space did not relate clearly to crowding or other malocclusions. Lowered correlations among structures and narrowness of the maxilla related more significantly to malocclusion. These results are in keeping with recent thinking that small jaws rather than large teeth underlie tooth/arch discrepancy.
- Published
- 1990
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17. Genetic epidemiology of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in north India: distribution of Gm and Km allotypes in 'Punjabis'.
- Author
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Gill PS, Pandey JP, Blangero J, Corruccini RS, and Gill IS
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 epidemiology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 immunology, Gene Frequency, Genetic Markers, Haplotypes, Humans, India, Middle Aged, Phenotype, Rural Population, Urban Population, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 genetics, Immunoglobulin Allotypes genetics, Immunoglobulin Gm Allotypes genetics
- Abstract
Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is becoming endemic to modernizing and urbanizing populations all over the globe. The data on Gm and Km allotypes in the 'Punjabis' (n = 165) from north India show an interesting association with NIDDM. Differences between diabetic and control samples for the Km allele frequency distribution approach significance (p = 0.0897). The observed phenotypic diversity in the Gm system in diabetics indicates genetic heterogeneity in the disease group. A significant decrease (or absence) of phenotype Gm1,3,17; ;5,21 (p = 0.0119), and presence of phenotype Gm1,2,3,17; ;5,21 (p = 0.0158) in diabetics may constitute a risk factor for this disorder in 'Punjabis'.
- Published
- 1990
18. Variance of occlusion traits in twins.
- Author
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Potter RH, Corruccini RS, and Green LJ
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Analysis of Variance, Child, Computers, Environment, Female, Genetic Variation, Humans, Male, Models, Genetic, Pregnancy, Dental Occlusion, Twins, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic
- Abstract
To reexamine the prevailing concepts of the role of genetic and environmental factors on dental occlusion, individual occlusal traits were studied in 164 pairs of twins. The measured variables were overjet, overbite, crossbite type and extent, buccal segment relationship type and extent, anterior and posterior teeth malalignment, spacing, treatment priority index scores, and the principal components derived from these measures. No association of twin type with the mean of any of the traits could be demonstrated. Further analysis of variance revealed separate sources of twin variance for the set of occlusal variables studied. We were able to detect a significant genetic source of variation for overbite and spacing, and no variance inequality between monozygotic and dizygotic twins. For the majority of the trains (overjet, crossbite, buccal segment relationship, malalignment, and treatment priority index scores), tests of homogeneity of total variance showed inequality between zygosities. The total among-pair and within-pair mean squares were larger for dizygotic than for monozygotic twins. We interpreted the results as evidence for greater environmental influences on the two types of twins. In addition, environmental covariance appeared to be larger for monozygotic than for dizygotic twins with respect to crossbite. In cases where within-pair genetic variance estimates were highly significant, removing the bias due to unequal environmental effects on the two types of twins led to results of no significant genetic variance. These results indicate a further need to explore the sources of environmental variation contributing to the difference. Genetic models that may be used to gain insights into the sources are discussed.
- Published
- 1981
19. Principal components for allometric analysis.
- Author
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Corruccini RS
- Subjects
- Animals, Cebus, Body Weight, Growth, Models, Biological
- Abstract
Logarithmic bivariate regression slopes and logarithmic principal component coefficient ratios are two methods for estimating allometry coefficients corresponding to a in the classic power formula Y = BXa. Both techniques depend on high correlation between variables. Interpretation is logically limited to the variables included in analysis. Principal components analysis depends also on relatively uniform intercorrelations; given this, it serves satisfactorily as a method for summarizing many bivariate combinations. Unmodified major principal component coefficients cannot represent scaling to body weight; rather, they represent scaling to a composite size vector which usually is highly correlated with body size or weight but has an unspecified allometry. Thus, the concepts of proportionality and of isometry must be kept distinct.
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
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20. Affinites of tertiary hominoid femora.
- Author
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McHenry HM and Corruccini RS
- Subjects
- Animals, Biological Evolution, Gorilla gorilla anatomy & histology, Haplorhini, Hominidae anatomy & histology, Macaca anatomy & histology, Pan troglodytes anatomy & histology, Femur anatomy & histology, Paleontology, Primates anatomy & histology
- Abstract
Uni- and multivariate analyses of 244 extant and 4 fossil primate femora indicate that none of the Tertiary hominoid fossil femora resembles the great apes. The dryopithecine femur from Moboko, Kenya, is most like Nasalis. Pliopithecus and the fossil from Eppelsheim are similar to one another and to Hylobates, but unlike the African dryopithecine. A new specimen from the Miocene deposits of Songhor, Kenya, is very similar to Hylobates and is probably a member of the hylobatine taxon, Lomnopithecus macinnesi. The lack of similarity between the African dryopithecine femur and the femora of the extant great apes in further evidence that the typical hominoid postcranial morphology evolved after the middle Miocene period.
- Published
- 1976
- Full Text
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21. Miocene hominoid palatofacial morphology.
- Author
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McHenry HM, Andrews P, and Corruccini RS
- Subjects
- Animals, Biological Evolution, Cephalometry, Female, History, Ancient, Kenya, Male, Maxilla anatomy & histology, Palate anatomy & histology, Species Specificity, Turkey, Facial Bones anatomy & histology, Fossils, Haplorhini anatomy & histology, Paleontology
- Abstract
The palatofacial morphology of Proconsul africanus, P. nyanzae, P. major and Sivapithecus meteai is compared to extant catarrhines. The early Miocene hominoids (Proconsul) are unlike modern great apes, but retain a primitive catarrhine pattern more similar to some extant cercopthecoids. By middle Miocene times the typical hominoid palatofacial morphology can be recognized in at least one species (S. meteai) and this corresponds to the evolution of the postcranium in which the hominoid pattern is also only recognizable by the middle Miocene.
- Published
- 1980
- Full Text
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22. Fossil hominid femora and the evolution of walking.
- Author
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McHenry HM and Corruccini RS
- Subjects
- Animals, Fossils, Haplorhini anatomy & histology, Humans, Femur anatomy & histology, Locomotion
- Published
- 1976
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Developmental correlates of crown component asymmetry and occlusal discrepancy.
- Author
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Corruccini RS and Potter RH
- Subjects
- Birth Weight, Dental Occlusion, Diseases in Twins, Female, Humans, Male, Odontometry, Pregnancy, Tooth Abnormalities genetics, Molar analysis, Twins, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic
- Abstract
To improve our understanding of dental asymmetry, more anatomically discriminating measurements than maximum crown dimensions were used. The relation between antimeres and opponents in permanent first molar teeth of 192 twins were studied with respect to crown components measures. Several statistical methods were used to describe asymmetry and discrepancy of occluding units to correlate with developmental stress indicators such as zygosity, birth weight, and congenital disease. To varying degrees, developmental correlates are found to be associated with asymmetry. The amount of occlusal discrepancy seems to be a direct function of bilateral asymmetry. Heterogeneity of MZ-DZ total (among plus within pair) variances occurs fairly consistently for asymmetry but not for discrepancy, implying differential environmental influences between zygosities regarding asymmetry. Genetic variance estimates, designed to be unbiased by differences in environmental variances, are significant for cusp size but not for asymmetry. Our results suggest that asymmetry at the individual cusp level may be an indicator of developmental disruption and that environmental effects, particularly prenatal, may be greater for antimeric units than for occluding units.
- Published
- 1981
- Full Text
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24. NON-LINEAR MACROMOLECULAR EVOLUTION AND THE MOLECULAR CLOCK.
- Author
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Corruccini RS, Baba M, Goodman M, Ciochon RL, and Cronin JE
- Published
- 1980
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Occlusal variation in a rural Kentucky community.
- Author
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Corruccini RS and Whitley LD
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Child, Dental Arch anatomy & histology, Diet, Humans, Kentucky, Middle Aged, Malocclusion etiology, Rural Population
- Abstract
Some major theories concerning the etiology of malocclusion and its modern increase in frequency include genetic explanations, such as inbreeding, racial crossing, and accumulation of mutations, as well as such environmental causes as "habits," allergies, and caries causing reduced arch space of premature deciduous tooth loss. Reduction of masticatory stress resulting from modern urbanism is less often considered as an agent. Many examples of acquisition of gross malocclusion in aboriginal peoples immediately following dietary "modernization" contradict the genetic explanations. A rural population from central Kentucky presents several propitious social characteristics for epidemiologic study of occlusion. They have experienced almost no professional dental care, they are highly inbred (but less so during the last 30 years), and their diet included many difficult-to-chew foods until the recent introduction of industry to the area. Occlusion was evaluated according to the criteria of the Treatment Priority Index. The temporal change and correlates of occlusal variation were assessed on wax-bite impressions of thirty-four persons, informant dietary histories, and other information. The older inhabitants raised on more traditional diets show significantly better occlusion. Dietary consistency provides the most powerful explanation for the transition in occlusal variation, through it was not conclusive in these data.
- Published
- 1981
- Full Text
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26. Genetic and environmental determinants of dental occlusal variation in South Australian twins.
- Author
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Townsend GC, Corruccini RS, Richards LC, and Brown T
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Australia, Female, Humans, Male, Socioeconomic Factors, Dental Occlusion, Malocclusion genetics, Twins
- Published
- 1988
27. Implications of tooth root hypercementosis in a Barbados slave skeletal collection.
- Author
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Corruccini RS, Jacobi KP, Handler JS, and Aufderheide AC
- Subjects
- Barbados, Female, History, 17th Century, History, 18th Century, History, 19th Century, Humans, Hypercementosis epidemiology, Hypercementosis ethnology, Lead Poisoning epidemiology, Lead Poisoning ethnology, Lead Poisoning history, Male, Black or African American history, Hypercementosis history, Tooth Diseases history
- Abstract
A 17th- to 19th-century cemetery sample of 104 slaves from Newton Plantation (Barbados) shows uniquely high hypercementosis prevalence, as well as unexpectedly high and variable skeletal lead content. A variety of biological and archeological factors indicates that individuals with lower amounts of these anomalies (relative to age at death) were probably African-born, first-generation slaves. The hypercementosis is related to the progression of periodontal disease as assessed from alveolar bone. Although the hypercementosis is endemic in the Caribbean black population, it does not as yet have a clear explanation. We suggest the etiology might relate to chronic malnutrition involving periodic, seasonal rehabilitation.
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
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28. Dental occlusal variation among rural and urban Bengali youths.
- Author
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Corruccini RS and Choudhury AF
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Humans, India, Male, Socioeconomic Factors, Dental Occlusion, Rural Population, Urban Population
- Published
- 1986
29. On the Status of Australopithecus afarensis.
- Author
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McHenry HM and Corruccini RS
- Published
- 1980
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Molar cusp-size variability in relation to odontogenesis in hominoid primates.
- Author
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Corruccini RS
- Subjects
- Animals, Gorilla gorilla anatomy & histology, Humans, Odontometry, Pan troglodytes anatomy & histology, Tooth Calcification, Hominidae anatomy & histology, Molar anatomy & histology, Odontogenesis
- Published
- 1979
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Osteology of a slave burial population from Barbados, West Indies.
- Author
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Corruccini RS, Handler JS, Mutaw RJ, and Lange FW
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Barbados, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, History, 17th Century, History, 18th Century, History, 19th Century, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Jaw pathology, Life Expectancy, Male, Malocclusion pathology, Middle Aged, Mortality, Periodontal Diseases pathology, Tooth pathology, Tooth Diseases pathology, Black or African American history, Dentition anatomy & histology, Paleopathology
- Abstract
A unique seventeenth-nineteenth century slave cemetery population from Newton plantation, Barbados, allows examination of craniodental characters in relation to ethnohistorical data. Age-at-death estimates suggest life expectancy at birth of 29 years and low infant mortality; historical demography, however, suggests life expectancy of 20 years and very high infant mortality. Tooth decay, bilateral tooth loss, periodontal disease, root hypercementosis, and severe enamel hypoplasia are high in frequency. The teeth yield evidence of such cultural practices as pipe-smoking and incisor mutilation. Several skeletal features reflect periodic near-starvation. Directional and fluctuating dental asymmetry, relative tooth size, and hypoplasia distribution suggest slaves experienced considerable weaning trauma; metabolic stress at this time exceeded that of prenatal and immediate postnatal periods. Odontometrics and dental and cranial nonmetric traits indicate that modern Blacks are intermediate between the ancestral slaves and modern Whites but more similar to the latter, suggesting effects of environmental covariance exceed those of genetic admixture. Nonmetric trait distributions show nonrandom patterns according to area of burial in the cemetery, a possible result of family segregation.
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
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32. Cartesian coordinate analysis of the hominoid second lower deciduous molar.
- Author
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Corruccini RS
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Mathematics, Pan troglodytes anatomy & histology, Haplorhini anatomy & histology, Molar anatomy & histology, Primates anatomy & histology, Tooth, Deciduous anatomy & histology
- Published
- 1977
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Facial height and breadth relative to dietary consistency and oral breathing in two populations (North India and U.S.).
- Author
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Corruccini RS, Whitley LD, Kaul SS, Flander LB, and Morrow CA
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Anthropometry, Child, Face, Female, Humans, India, Kentucky, Male, Diet, Maxillofacial Development, Mouth Breathing physiopathology
- Published
- 1985
34. Occlusofacial morphological integration lowered in baboons raised on soft diet.
- Author
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Corruccini RS and Beecher RM
- Subjects
- Animals, Dental Occlusion, Male, Mastication, Diet, Maxillofacial Development, Papio growth & development
- Abstract
Of a sample of 40 baboons, 24 were given soft experimental diet, removing masticatory stress, for a 2-year period during growth. In oral-facial and dental occlusal structures, the experimental animals showed significantly elevated variability, reduced correlations, and some disruption of normal occlusion.
- Published
- 1984
35. An epidemiologic transition in dental occlusion in world populations.
- Author
-
Corruccini RS
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Black People, Child, China, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Humans, India, Indians, North American, Malocclusion classification, Melanesia, Pan troglodytes, Saimiri, United States, Urbanization, White People, Black or African American, Dental Occlusion, Malocclusion epidemiology
- Abstract
An epidemiologic transition to high prevalence of such diseases as diabetes and coronary heart disease accompanies the process of modernization/industrialization. I suggest that an equally clearly defined epidemiologic transition characterizes malaligned and discrepant dental occlusal relations in western societies, and others undergoing urbanization, and that the rapidity of the transition is proportional to the rapidity of urbanizational change. This phenomenon rather throws the weight of suspicion toward environmental, not genetic, etiologic factors. The dental occlusal epidemiologic transition provides a model for developing further research into causes of malocclusion.
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. The relation between ponderal index and discrete traits and measurements of the skull.
- Author
-
Corruccini RS
- Subjects
- Age Factors, Black People, Female, Humans, Male, Sex Factors, White People, Body Weight, Cephalometry
- Published
- 1974
37. MULTIVARIATE ALLOMETRY AND AUSTRALOPITHECINE VARIATION.
- Author
-
Corruccini RS
- Published
- 1976
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Epidemiological survey of occlusion in North India.
- Author
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Corruccini RS, Kaul SS, Chopra SR, Karosas J, Larsen MD, and Morrow C
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Child, Female, Humans, Income, India, Male, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors, Malocclusion epidemiology
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Constant factors in dental growth and shape.
- Author
-
Corruccini RS and Henderson AM
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Maxilla, Odontometry, Odontogenesis, Tooth anatomy & histology
- Published
- 1977
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Comparative genetic variance and heritability of dental occlusal variables in U.S. and Northwest Indian twins.
- Author
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Corruccini RS, Sharma K, and Potter RH
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Child, Dental Arch, Female, Humans, India, Male, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic, United States, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Dental Occlusion, Genetic Variation, Twins
- Abstract
Genetic variance analysis of 15 dental occlusal and arch variables is based on cross-cultural comparison of twin variances (U.S. Whites and Northwest Indian Punjabis). Both samples exhibit high genetic versus environmental partition of variance. However, monozygotes and dizygotes have unequal variance, which invalidates conventional genetic variance ratios. The pattern of environmental biases on the zygosities is quite different in the two groups. Revised estimates that acknowledge zygosity heterogeneity (hence unequal environmental influences) are generally much lower for occlusal traits, whereas arch size measurements are unaffected.
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Crown component variation in hominoid upper first premolars.
- Author
-
Corruccini RS
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, History, Ancient, Hominidae anatomy & histology, Humans, Male, Odontometry, Paleodontology, Bicuspid anatomy & histology
- Published
- 1978
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The femur in early human evolution.
- Author
-
McHenry HM and Corruccini RS
- Subjects
- Animals, Anthropometry, Biometry, Gorilla gorilla anatomy & histology, History, Ancient, Humans, Pan troglodytes anatomy & histology, Species Specificity, Biological Evolution, Femur anatomy & histology, Fossils, Haplorhini anatomy & histology, Hominidae anatomy & histology, Paleontology
- Abstract
Uni- and multivariate analyses of 5 fossil and 215 extant hominoid femora show that two morphological patterns of hominid femora existed about two million years ago. Femora classified as Homo sp. indet. (KNMER 1472 and 1481) are more like Homo sapiens although not identical. Those classified as Australopithecus robustus (SK 82 and 97) and A. boisei (KNM-ER 1503) are similar to one another but uniquely different from any living hominoid. The strong mophological constrasts imply biomechanical and possible locomotor differences, although these are as yet unknown.
- Published
- 1978
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Integration of occluding structures in hominoid molars.
- Author
-
Corruccini RS
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Humans, Male, Odontometry, Pan troglodytes anatomy & histology, Dental Occlusion, Haplorhini anatomy & histology, Molar anatomy & histology
- Published
- 1977
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Changing occlusal variation in Pima Amerinds.
- Author
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Corruccini RS, Potter RH, and Dahlberg AA
- Subjects
- Adult, Age Factors, Child, Diet adverse effects, Female, Humans, Male, Malocclusion etiology, Time Factors, Tooth Eruption, Dental Occlusion, Indians, North American
- Abstract
Occlusal variables and arch measurements have been recorded on 341 Pima Amerinds pertaining to two samples, one of older individuals raised on traditional diets, the other of younger individuals raised on refined commercial foods that are typical of modern urbanized people. Permanent dental occlusion is significantly more variable from defined ideals in the younger sample, despite their fewer deformities resulting from progressive aging. The youths had relatively narrower palates, correlating with a general trend among industrialized populations and also among experimental animals fed soft diets. Relative rate of deciduous tooth loss and replacement did not correlate with any occlusal variable.
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Analysis of the hominoid os coxae by Cartesian coordinates.
- Author
-
McHenry HM and Corruccini RS
- Subjects
- Animals, Anthropometry, Biometry, Gorilla gorilla anatomy & histology, Humans, Pan troglodytes anatomy & histology, Species Specificity, Haplorhini anatomy & histology, Pelvic Bones anatomy & histology
- Abstract
This study is based upon 48 3-dimensional coordinates taken on 4 fossil hominid and 127 extant hominoid coxal bones. The follis include Sts 14, SK 3155, MLD 7, and MLD 25. The comparative sample consists of 42 Homo sapiens, 27 Pan troglodytes, 29 Gorilla gorilla and 29 Pongo pygmaeus. The coordinates improve the metrical representation of the bone beyond what can be done with linear measurements because the shape complexity of the os coxae is so great. The coordinates are rotated and translated so that all bones are in a standard position. The coordinates are then standardized for each specimen by dividing all coordinates by the pooled standard deviation of X, Y, and Z coordinates. These data are treated to standard statistical analyses including analysis of variance, Penrose size and shape statistics, principal coordinates and components, and canonical variates analysis. The data are then further altered by using some specimen as a standard and rotating each specimen until the total squared distance between its coordinates and those of the standard are minimized. The same statistics are applied to these "best fit" data. The results show a high degree of agreement between the methods. The hominid os coxae are dundamentally different from the other hominoids and the fossil hominids share the basic hominid configuration but with some unique differences.
- Published
- 1978
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Multivariate analysis of early hominid pelvic bones.
- Author
-
McHenry HM and Corruccini RS
- Subjects
- Acetabulum anatomy & histology, Animals, Gorilla gorilla anatomy & histology, Hominidae anatomy & histology, Humans, Ilium anatomy & histology, Pan troglodytes anatomy & histology, South Africa, Fossils, Haplorhini anatomy & histology, Paleontology, Pelvic Bones anatomy & histology
- Abstract
Multivariate analyses of the acetabular and iliac parts of fossil hominid and extant hominoid pelvic bones show that (1) the best preserved fossil from Swartkrans (SK 3155) is more similar to the Sterkfontein pelvis (Sts 14) than either fossil is to any extant hominoid species; (2) of the living hominoids, all of the fossils are closer to modern Homo sapiens than to the apes; and (3) the robust and gracile forms of South African australopithecines are somewhat different from one another, the gracile form falling nearer to Homo sapiens, but neither form demonstrably closer to the pongids.
- Published
- 1975
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Occlusal variation related to soft diet in a nonhuman primate.
- Author
-
Corruccini RS and Beecher RM
- Subjects
- Aging, Animals, Cephalometry, Tooth growth & development, Cebidae growth & development, Diet, Saimiri growth & development
- Abstract
Among 43 squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) raised either on naturally tough or on artificially soft foods, there are significant differences in occlusal features. Animals raised on soft foods show more rotated and displaced teeth, crowded premolars, and absolutely and relatively narrower dental arches. Dietary consistency may be a determinant of occlusal health.
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Effects of dietary consistency on craniofacial and occlusal development in the rat.
- Author
-
Beecher RM and Corruccini RS
- Subjects
- Animals, Cephalometry, Female, Food, Male, Malocclusion etiology, Masseter Muscle growth & development, Maxilla anatomy & histology, Mouth Breathing complications, Muscle Development, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Rats, Dental Occlusion, Diet, Maxillofacial Development
- Abstract
Moderate differences in the hardness of diet are related to significant differences in maxillary width and other measures of facial size. Probably even more important is a relationship to the coordination of growth of different parts of the dentofacial complex. Muscular stimulation mediated through occlusal function seems to play a significant role in the coordinated development of facial structures.
- Published
- 1981
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Gigantopithecus and hominids.
- Author
-
Corruccini RS
- Subjects
- Anthropology, Physical, Humans, Biological Evolution, Haplorhini
- Published
- 1975
50. Occlusal variation in Chinese immigrants to the United Kingdom and their offspring.
- Author
-
Corruccini RS and Lee GT
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, China ethnology, Female, Humans, Male, Malocclusion epidemiology, Middle Aged, United Kingdom, Dental Occlusion, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity
- Abstract
Occlusal variations of immigrant Chinese parents, raised in less developed areas, were compared with their children who were born and bred in the United Kingdom. Of 11 occlusal traits, nine were significantly more variable or less well developed in the offspring. Because genetic factors were unchanged, the deterioration in occlusion in the offspring indicates environmental influences such as dietary consistency, premature deciduous tooth loss from caries and oral respiration.
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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