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Museum specimens and citizen science initiatives are valuable sources of information on how anthropogenic activities affect biodiversity and how species respond to rapid global change. Although tropical regions harbor most of the planet’s biodiversity, investigations on species’ phenological changes are heavily biased towards temperate regions. Such unevenness in phenological research is also taxonomically biased, with reptiles being the least studied group among tetrapod species regarding animal phenology. Herein we used long-term time series data to investigate environmentally driven changes in the activity pattern of tropical forest snakes. We gathered natural history collection and citizen science data for 25 snake species (five venomous and 20 non-venomous) from an Atlantic Forest region in southeastern Brazil. Using circular mixed-effects models, we investigate whether snake activity patterns followed the variation in environmental variables over a decade. Our results show that the activity pattern of Atlantic Forest snakes was seasonal and largely driven by average temperature and relative humidity. Since snakes are ectothermic animals, they are particularly sensitive to temperature variations, especially at small scales. Moreover, relative humidity can affect snake seasonal activities through physiological constraints and/or prey availability. Most specimens were registered during the rainy season, with highly venomous snakes (lanceheads and coral snakes) emerging as the most abundant taxa. We highlight the importance of citizen science and natural history collections in better understanding biodiversity. Furthermore, our data obtained from local collectors underscores the need environmental education programs and collaboration between researchers and local decision-makers to raise awareness and reduce conflicts between people and snakes in the region. Methods All analyses in this study were performed in the software R v. 4.0.2. Raw data and R-code to replicate the findings of this study are as follow: 1. Rscript_SnakeSeasonalActivity.R 2.rawdata.csv 3.INMET_SE_MG_A510_VICOSA_2009_2018.csv 4.SnakeBiteData.csv The R-script is commented by the authorsand contains all code used to analyze data tables, get summary stats, perform the models,and create the figures in the manuscript. Acknowledgements We thank the environmental police officers, firefighters, security guards, and other local collectors who brought snakes to MZUFV along the years. JJMG is supported by a PhD scholarship from Coordenacão de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). MRM acknowledges support from São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) for grants proc. 2021/11840-6 and proc. 2022/12231-6.

Ameivula ocellifera (Spix, 1825) Tejus ocellifer Spix, 1825: 23. Cnemidophorus ocellifer – Peters 1877: 414. Ameivula ocellifera – Harvey et al. 2012: 93 (type species of Ameivula). Cnemidophorus hygomi Reinhardt & Lütken, 1862: 231 (namebearing type: holotype, ZMB 4335. Type locality: “ Maruim ”, state of Sergipe, Brazil). Heterochresonymy Tej[us] murinus (non Seps murinus Laurenti, 1768) – Boie 1826: 120 (partim). — Fitzinger 1827: 747 (partim). Seps murinus (non Seps murinus Laurenti, 1768) – Wagler 1830: 154 (partim). Teius (Ameiva) vulgaris (non Ameiva vulgaris Lichtenstein, 1823) – Gray 1831: 29 (partim). Cnemidophorus murinus (non Seps murinus Laurenti, 1768) – Duméril & Bibron 1839: 107 (partim). Cnemidophorus lacertoides (non Cnemidophorus lacertoides Duméril & Bibron, 1839) – Reinhardt & Lütken 1862: 146. TYPE MATERIAL. — Original name-bearing types. Brazil • 2 syntypes; “ Bahia ”; ZSM 111/0 and a second unlabeled specimen, both lost. Neotype (here designated). Brazil • 1 ♂; Parque das Dunas; 12°55’3”S, 38°19’12”W; 20 m a.s.l.; municipality of Salvador, state of Bahia; R. Marques, M. L. T. Oliveira, N. J. L. Santos, and M. S. Bonfim leg.; 15.VII.2018; ZUFMS-REP 04144. ORIGINAL TYPE LOCALITY. — “ Bahia ”. TYPE LOCALITY (BY NEOTYPE DESIGNATION). — Parque das Dunas, 12°55’3”S, 38°19’12”W, 20 m a.s.l., municipality of Salvador, state of Bahia, Brazil (Fig. 3). ETYMOLOGY. — The specific name ocellifera (masculine ocellifer) means “bearing little eyes”. It derives from the Latin ocellus (diminutive of oculus, i.e., “small eye”) and fero (“to carry”, “to bear”), in reference to the series of small bluish ocelli between the fore and hindlimbs. DESCRIPTION OF THE NEOTYPE Morphometry and lepidosis Adult male in good condition; no evident scar or damage (Figs 4; 5). Tail whole; small longitudinal incision on left thigh due to muscle sample collection. Snout-vent length, 61.08 mm; trunk length, 30.36 mm; tail length, 133.59 mm; head length, 18.53 mm; head width, 10.25 mm; head height, 8.41 mm; humeral length, 6.48 mm; forelimb length, 19.4 mm; femur length, 13.03 mm; tibia length, 12.68 mm; foot length, 22.10 mm; hindlimb length, 47.81 mm (Fig. 4). Head distinct from neck (Fig. 5), longer than wide (head length/head width, 1.80); head length/snout-vent length, 0.30. Trunk elongate (trunk length/ snout-vent length, 0.49); tail long, about 2.2 × snout-vent length. Snout moderately pointed. Rostral and frontonasal separated by pair of anterior nasals (Figs 4; 5, see details in Appendices 1; 2). Nostril anterior to and in contact with nasal suture. Posterior nasals contact pair of prefrontals. Prefrontal on each side separated from first supraciliary by loreal and first supraocular. Loreal, single, large, almost high as long, in contact with posterior nasal, prefrontal, first supraocular, first supraciliary, first and second suboculars, and third and fourth supralabials. Frontal entire, lacking ridges; posterior suture of frontal aligns with first half of third supraocular. Frontoparietals, two. Parietals, four (a pair on each side). Interparietal subequal in size to each flanking pair of parietals. Occipitals (c. 45) irregular, variable in size, larger than dorsals on first row, immediately posterior to them. Temporals irregular in size. Four enlarged supratemporals in longitudinal row behind supraciliaries. Supratemporals separated from parietals by occipitals. Circumorbitals reaching posterior border of first supraocular. Supraoculars, four on each side, 3 rd > 2 nd > 1 st > 4 th; first supraocular entire, contacting second supraocular, loreal, prefrontal, frontal, and first supraciliary; second to fourth supraoculars separated from supraciliaries by one row of lateral supraocular granules. Supraciliaries, five on each side; first supraciliary in contact with first subocular. Supralabials, six on each side, third largest. Infralabials, five on each side; third to sixth separated from chinshields by row of granules. Chinshields, four on each side; first pair with suture through almost their length. Gular region divided in two: anterior gular region with rounded and larger scales, in 20 irregular transverse rows; posterior gular region covered by smaller scales in 15 transverse rows. Interangular and intertympanic sulci absent; interauricular crease present. Dorsal and lateral head scales juxtaposed and smooth. Dorsals round, smooth, and sub-imbricate; 176 dorsals along mid-dorsum, from nape to base of tail; 88 around midbody. Ventrals smooth, wider than long, imbricated, in eight longitudinal rows and 26 transverse rows. Preanal plate with three enlarged scales (a central and two posterior scales), surrounded by seven smaller scales.Scales on base of tail rectangular, smaller than ventrals, in transverse rows; scales around tail, 28, longer and narrower posteriorly; tail scales keeled dorsally, smooth ventrally. Scales on flanks granular, round, smooth, sub-imbricate. Forelimbs with large, smooth, imbricate scales on dorsal surface of upper arms and anterodorsal forearms; elsewhere scales small and granular. Scales in the dorsal region of the forearm enlarged, in two longitudinal rows. Hindlimbs with large, smooth, imbricate scales on anteroventral surface of thighs and ventral surface of lower legs; elsewhere, scales small and granular; enlarged prefemoral scales, 10. Femoral pores in continuous row along each thigh; seven pores on right side and eight pores on left side. Abdominal pores, one on each side. Lamellae under fourth finger, 16 on each side; under fourth toe, 27 on each side. Fifth toe shortened. Tibiotarsal spurs absent. Coloration in life Dorsal parts of head, body, limbs, and tail medium brown (Fig. 3A). Lateral parts of the head light brown. Belly and ventral parts of the head, limbs, and tail, uniform creamy white. Vertebral stripe absent. Paravertebral field enlarged, light brown, bordered on both sides by lighter paravertebral stripes that run from nape to base of tail (see details in Appendix 1). Paravertebral stripes separated from dorsolateral stripe on each side by dark brown dorsolateral field, from nape to first third of tail. Dorsolateral stripe creamy white, from nape to first third of tail, separated from upper lateral stripe by upper lateral field. Upper lateral field with irregular black spots that tend to fuse anteriorly and series of small and irregularly spaced bluish ocelli (7-21 scales diameter) between fore and hindlimbs; ocelli close to hindlimbs in brown to greenish-yellow background; blue coloration along upper lateral stripe in some anterior caudal scales. Upper lateral stripe from subocular scales to first third of tail, creamy white anteriorly, light brown and greenish-yellow in middle of trunk, creamy white posterior to hindlimbs. Upper lateral stripe separated from creamy white lower lateral stripe by lower lateral field, enlarged anterior to forelimbs. Lower lateral stripe short, from below ear to axilla. Lower lateral field irregularly black-spotted, interspersed with whitish-blue ocelli (8-16 scales diameter) surrounded by greenish-yellow scales between fore and hindlimbs; some enlarged lateral scales and some outermost ventral scales blue. Color in ethanol Head brownish dorsally, brownish-white laterally, and bluishwhite ventrally. Dorsum brownish, stripes bluish-white, fields dark brown or black (except paravertebral field light gray), and ocelli faded bluish-white. Belly bluish-white. Ventral aspect of forelimbs and hindlimbs immaculate. Dorsal aspect of tail like in life, although faded, including few blue scales close to the base of tail. Ventral aspect of tail immaculate (Fig. 4). COMPARISON WITH OTHER AMEIVULA SPECIES The following characters (see Table 2 and Table 3) distinguish A. ocellifera from its congeners (data in parentheses). Ameivula ocellifera differs from A. abalosi in having 82-141 scales around midbody (75-98), 26-38 subdigital lamellae under fourth toe (24-31), and whitish blue ocelli (light-blue or whitish green ocelli). Ameivula ocellifera differs from A. apipensis in having 14-28 femoral pores (12-17), 26-38 subdigital lamellae under fourth toe (24-27), vertebral stripes absent (present), whitish-blue ocelli (no ocelli), and immaculate throat (yellow). Although the description of A. apipensis indicates an intertympanic sulcus (absent in A. ocellifera), the figures available indicate the contrary, i.e., the absence of such structure in A. apipensis. Ameivula ocellifera differs from A. cipoensis in having 13-20 subdigital lamellae under fourth finger (12-14), 26-38 subdigital lamellae under fourth toe (21-24), lower lateral stripes broken (absent), whitish-blue ocelli (yellow-greenish ocelli), and hindlimb spots present (absent). Ameivula ocellifera differs from A. confusioniba in having paravertebral and dorsolateral fields present (absent), paravertebral and lower lateral stripes present (absent), whitish-blue ocelli (bright yellow ocelli), and hindlimb spots present (absent). Ameivula ocellifera differs from A. jalapensis in having eight longitudinal rows of ventral scales (6-8), 14-28 femoral pores (10-16), 172- 248 dorsal scales (200-250), 35 gular scales (41-64), larger body size (maximum SVL, 56 mm), vertebral stripe absent (broken), upper and lower lateral fields spotted (uniform), whitish-blue ocelli (no ocelli), hindlimb spots present (absent), and immaculate throat (lime-green). Ameivula ocellifera differs from A. mumbuca in having eight longitudinal rows of ventral scales (6-8), 172-248 dorsal scales (194-271), 26-38 subdigital lamellae under fourth toe (24-32), 35 gular scales (38-49), larger body size (maximum SVL, 59 mm in males), lower lateral fields spotted (uniform), and whitish-blue ocelli (whitish-blue spots only in males). Ameivula ocellifera differs from A. nativo in having 25-31 transverse rows of ventral scales (29-32), vertebral stripe absent (present), paravertebral fields present (absent), paravertebral and lower lateral stripes present (absent), upper and lower lateral fields spotted (uniform), whitish-blue ocelli (no ocelli), hindlimb spots present (absent), immaculate throat (light blue), and bisexual (only females). Ameivula ocellifera differs from A. nigrigula in having 21-30 scales around tail (27-32), whitish-blue ocelli (bright turquoise ocelli), hindlimb spots present (absent), and throat region immaculate (black). Ameivula ocellifera differs from A. pyrrhogularis in having 172-248 dorsal scales (192- 255), 21-30 scales around tail (23-33), vertebral stripe absent (present in juveniles and females), whitish-blue ocelli (light blue or greenish-blue ocelli), and immaculate throat (orange in adult males). Ameivula ocellifera differs from A. xacriaba in having 26-38 subdigital lamellae under fourth toe (23-28), 35 gular scales (41-52), paravertebral stripes present (absent), whitish-blue ocelli (bright green ocelli), and hindlimb spots present (absent). Although the description of A. xacriaba indicates an intertympanic sulcus (absent in A. ocellifera), the figures available reveal the contrary, i.e., the lack of such structure, but with an interauricular crease in A. xacriaba. Less marked differences between species can be found in Table 2 and Table 3. A. ocellifera Character Neotype A. abalosi A. apipensis A. cipoensis A. confusioniba A. jalapensis A. mumbuca A. nativo A. nigrigula A. pyrrhogularis A. xacriaba VESabsentabsentpresentabsentabsentpresent,absentpresentabsentpresent (juveniles absentbrokenand females)PVFpresentpresentpresentpresentabsentpresentpresentabsentpresentpresentpresent(juveniles)PVSpresentpresent (faint)presentpresentabsentpresent,present, brokenabsentpresentpresentabsentbroken(juveniles)DLFpresentpresentpresentpresentabsentpresentpresentpresentpresentpresentpresent(juveniles)DLSULFULSLLFLLSLASHLSTHRSEDpresentpresentpresentpresentpresentpresentpresent, brokenpresentpresentpresentpresent(occasionally)(juveniles)spottedspottedspottedspottedspotteduniformuniform or spotteduniformspottedspottedspottedpresentpresentpresentpresentpresentpresentpresentpresentpresentpresentpresentspotteduniform orspottedspotteduniform oruniformuniformuniformspottedspottedspottedspottedspottedpresent, broken presentpresentabsentabsentpresent,present, brokenabsentpresentpresent, brokenpresentbrokenwhitish-light blue orirregulars light yellow-greenishbright yellowabsentbluish-white spotsabsentbright turquoiselight blue orbright greenblue ocelliwhitish-green spotsocelli alternating ocelli(males)ocelligreenish-blueocellialternatinggreen ocelli(no ocellus)with irregularocelli (adults),with irregularalternatingalternatingblack spotstan ocelliblack spotswith irregular with black(juveniles)black spotsspotspresentpresentpresentabsentabsentabsentmostly presentabsentabsentpresentabsent(frequently)immaculatepearly whiteyellowwhiteimmaculatelime-greenimmaculatelight blueblackorange (adultwhitemales)n/aabsentpresentpresent (bellyabsentabsentpresentpartheno-present (stripes present (stripespresent (flanks(occasionally)(juveniles)spottedspottedspottedspottedspotteduniformuniform or spotteduniformspottedspottedspottedpresentpresentpresentpresentpresentpresentpresentpresentpresentpresentpresentspotteduniform orspottedspotteduniform oruniformuniformuniformspottedspottedspottedspottedspottedpresent, broken presentpresentabsentabsentpresent,present, brokenabsentpresentpresent, brokenpresentbrokenwhitish-light blue orirregulars light yellow-greenishbright yellowabsentbluish-white spotsabsentbright turquoiselight blue orbright greenblue ocelliwhitish-green spotsocelli alternating ocelli(males)ocelligreenish-blueocellialternatinggreen ocelli(no ocellus)with irregularocelli (adults),with irregularalternatingalternatingblack spotstan ocelliblack spotswith irregular with black(juveniles)black spotsspotspresentpresentpresentabsentabsentabsentmostly presentabsentabsentpresentabsent(frequently)immaculatepearly whiteyellowwhiteimmaculatelime-greenimmaculatelight blueblackorange (adultwhitemales)n/aabsentpresentpresent (bellyabsentabsentpresentpartheno-present (stripes present (stripespresent (flanks(dorsolateralyellow in males,(anteriormost lightgeneticabsent inbarely visiblebright greenfields darkbluish-white inareas bluish in(onlymales)and fieldsin adultbrown infemales; ocellimales and whitishfemales)partially fademales,adult males,from fore- toin females; loweraway in adultbright yellowbright greenhindlimbs inlateral fieldsmales)in adultin females)males, 2-3 ocelligenerally withfemales)proximal tobluish-white spotsthe forelimb inin males, uniformfemales)in half of thefemales) DISTRIBUTION The current known geographic range of Ameivula ocellifera is in the southeastern portion of the Caatinga (states of Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe, and Bahia) and part of the Atlantic Forest of eastern Bahia (including Salvador, its type locality), Sergipe, and Alagoas (Arias et al. 2018). The identity of populations from central and north Caatinga (Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte, Ceará, and Piauí) is under revaluation, and may reveal a distinct taxon in the near future. Records attributed to A. ocellifera in northern Brazil (Rondônia, Pará, and Tocantins), midwestern Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais, and São Paulo), and northeastern Brazil (Maranhão) (Costa et al. 2022) represent candidate species close to A. ocellifera (e.g. “W-Ce clade” in Arias et al. 2018) or probably misidentifications., Published as part of Oliveira, Eliana F., Costa, Henrique C., São-Pedro, Vinícius A., Marques, Ricardo, Santana, Diego J., Colli, Guarino R., Mesquita, Daniel O. & Costa, Gabriel C., 2022, On the type locality of Ameivula ocellifera (Spix, 1825) (Squamata, Teiidae), with a neotype designation, pp. 475-491 in Zoosystema 44 (19) on pages 482-487, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a19, http://zenodo.org/record/7245521, {"references":["SPIX J. B. R. 1825. - Animalia nova sive species novae Lacertarum, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX jussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Josephi I. Bavariae regis suscepto, Typis Franc. Seraph. Hubschmanni, Monachii. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5117","PETERS W. 1877. - Herpetologische Notizen. I. Uber die von Spix in Brasilien gesammelten Eidechsen des Koniglichen Naturalien- Kabinets zu Munchen. Monatsbericht der Koniglich-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1877: 407 - 414.","HARVEY M. B., UGUETO G. N. & GUTBERLET JR. R. L. 2012. - Review of teiid morphology with a revised taxonomy and phylogeny of the Teiidae (Lepidosauria: Squamata). Zootaxa 3459: 1 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3459.1.1","REINHARDT J. & LUTKEN C. 1862 \" 1861 \". - Bidrag til Kundskab om Brasiliens Padder og Krybdyr. Forste Afdeling Padderne og Oglerne. Videnskabelige meddelelser fra den Naturhistoriske forening i Kjobenhavn 1861: 143 - 242.","BOIE H. 1826. - Bemerkungen uber die von Herrn von Spix abgebildeten brasilianischen Saurier. Isis von Oken 18 (1): 117 - 120.","FITZINGER L. 1827. - Recension des Spixischen Eidechsenwerkes. Isis von Oken 20: 741 - 750.","WAGLER J. 1830. - Naturliches System der Amphibien, mit vorangehender Classification der Saugthiere und Vogel, ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Zoologie. Munchen, Stuttgart und Tubingen, vi + 354 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58730","GRAY J. E. 1831. - A synopsis of the species of the Class Reptilia, in Griffith E. & Pidgeon E. (eds) The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organisation. Whittaker, Treacher and Co., London, 1 - 110. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 45021","DUMERIL A. M. C. & BIBRON G. 1839. - Erpetologie Generale on Histoire Naturelle Complete des Reptiles. Tome 5. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 854 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 45973","CABRERA M. R. 2012. - A new species of Cnemidophorus (Squamata, Teiidae) from the South American Chaco. The Herpetological Journal 22 (2): 123 - 131.","ARIAS F. J., RECODER R., ALVAREZ B. B., ETHCEPARE E., QUIPILDOR M., LOBO F. & RODRIGUES M. T. 2018. - Diversity of teiid lizards from Gran Chaco and western Cerrado (Squamata: Teiidae). Zoologica Scripta 47 (2): 144 - 158. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12277","ARIAS F. J., CARVALHO C. M., ZAHER H. & RODRIGUES M. T. 2014 a. - A new species of Ameivula (Squamata, Teiidae) from Southern Espinhaco Mountain Range, Brazil. Copeia 2014 (1): 95 - 105. https: // doi. org / 10.1643 / CH- 13 - 037","ARIAS F. J., CARVALHO C. M., RODRIGUES M. T. & ZAHER H. 2011 a. - Two new species of Cnemidophorus (Squamata: Teiidae) from the Caatinga, Northwest Brazil. Zootaxa 2787: 37 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2787.1.3","COLLI G. R., GIUGLIANO L. G., MESQUITA D. O. & FRANCA F. G. R. 2009. - A new species of Cnemidophorus from the Jalapao region, in the central Brazilian Cerrado. Herpetologica 65 (3): 311 - 327. https: // doi. org / 10.1655 / 08 - 049 R 1.1","COLLI G. R., CALDWELL J. P., COSTA G. C., GAINSBURY A. M., GARDA A. A. & MESQUITA D. O. 2003 a. - A new species of Cnemidophorus (Squamata, Teiidae) from the Cerrado biome in central Brazil. Occasional Papers of the Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History 14: 1 - 14.","ROCHA C. F. D., BERGALLO H. G. & PECCININI- SEALE D. 1997. - Evidence of an unisexual population of the Brazilian whiptail lizard genus Cnemidophorus (Teiidae), with description of a new species. Herpetologica 53 (3): 374 - 382.","ARIAS F. J., CARVALHO C. M., RODRIGUES M. T. & ZAHER H. 2011 b. - Two new species of Cnemidophorus (Squamata: Teiidae) of the C. ocellifer group, from Bahia, Brazil. Zootaxa 3022 (1): 1 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3022.1.1","ARIAS F. J., TEIXEIRA M., RECODER R., CARVALHO C. M., ZAHER H. & RODRIGUES M. T. 2014 b. - Whiptail lizards in South America: a new Ameivula (Squamata, Teiidae) from Planalto dos Gerais, Eastern Brazilian Cerrado. Amphibia-Reptilia 35 (2): 227 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 15685381 - 00002948","COSTA H. C., GUEDES T. B. & BERNILS R. S. 2022 \" 2021 \". - Lista de Repteis do Brasil: padroes e tendencias. Sociedade Brasileira de Herpetologia, 10 (3): 110 - 279. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 5838950"]}

Nós detectamos novas ocorrências para quatro espécies de lagartos no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil: Ameivula cipoensis, Enyalius capetinga, Psilops paeminosus e Tupinambis quadrilineatus. Além disso, atualizamos o mapa de distribuição de todas as espécies com base em dados da literatura, Asociación Herpetológica Argentina

Color anomalies are rarely reported in Amphisbaenia. We present the first record of amelanism in this group based on a specimen of Amphisbaena darwinii from Argentina. The photos were uploaded to a citizen science platform, reinforcing the positive impact of citizen science to filling gaps in our knowledge about biodiversity., Asociación Herpetológica Argentina

Lista de Répteis do Brasil: padrões e tendências

Preda����o de Amphisbaena alba (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae) por Caracara plancus (Falconiformes, Falconidae)

Predation of Ameivula cipoensis by Tropidurus montanus

Amphisbaena talisiae Vanzolini, 1995 Amphisbaena talisiae Vanzolini, 1995: 217. Holotype: MZUSP 78808. Type Locality: ��� Brasil: Mato Grosso: Serra da Pitomba, 15��49��� S, 52��10��� W ���. Amphisbaena mensae Castro-Mello, 2000: 244. Holotype: MZUSP 83231. Type Locality: ��� Brasil: Goi��s: Serra da Mesa, Setor 2 (14��02��� S, 48��19��� W)���. Definition. A species of Amphisbaena with: (1) a round head in dorsal and lateral view, not depressed or compressed; (2) suture lengths: prefrontal> frontal> nasal (rarely frontal> prefrontal> nasal); (3) precloacal pores four, without median hiatus; (4) body annuli 205���234; (5) lateral annuli 2���4; (6) caudal annuli 17���29; (7) autotomy on 6 th to 8 th caudal annulus; (8) tail round in cross-section, throughout its length; (9) tail tip round or slightly laterally compressed; (10) dorsal segments 10���14 and ventral segments 14���18 in a midbody annulus (24���32 total segments); (11) supralabials three; (12) infralabials three; (13) parietals one pair, pentagonal; (14) postocular one; (15) temporal one; (16) postgenials one row, usually with two scales; (17) postmalar row absent; (18) lateral sulcus present, dorsal and ventral sulci absent; (19) SVL Diagnosis. Among South American amphisbaenids, the round head readily distinguishes Amphisbaena talisiae from A. anomala and Leposternon spp. (shovel-shaped), from A. acrobeles, A. bilabialata, A. kingii, and Mesobaena spp. (keel-shaped). Those taxa will not be included in comparisons below. The presence of four precloacal pores without a median hiatus, dorsal segment counts between 10 and 14, and ventral segment counts between 14 and 18 is shared with 28 species (A. albocingulata, A. arenaria, A. bahiana, A. borelli, A. carvalhoi, A. cuiabana, A. cunhai, A. darwinii, A. frontalis, A. gracilis, A. heathi, A. heterozonata, A. hogei, A. ibijara, A. lumbricalis, A. medemi, A. munoai, A. nigricauda, A. pericensis, A. prunicolor, A. sanctaeritae, A. slateri, A. steindachneri, A. supernumeraria, A. trachura, A. tragorrhectes, A. uroxena, and A. vanzolinii). Of those species (characters in parentheses), Amphisbaena talisiae can be distinguished from A. arenaria, A. cuiabana, A. frontalis, sanctaeritae, A. steindachneri, and A. supernumeraria by possessing 205���234 body annuli (more than 250). The absence of a postmalar row in A. talisiae distinguishes it from A. bahiana, A. cunhai, A. darwinii, A. heathi, A. heterozonata, A. hogei, A. munoai, A. prunicolor, A. sanctaeritae, A. trachura, A. tragorrhectes, and A. uroxena. Amphisbaena talisiae is distinguished from A. albocingulata by the presence of a brown dorsum and cream venter, and 205���234 body annuli (a uniform light brown coloration and 183���204 body annuli); from A. borelli by having 205���234 body annuli, naso-rostral suture always present, one postgenial row, enlarged parietals, and a rounded or slightly compressed tail tip (239���261 body annuli, naso-rostral suture partially lost, two postgenial rows, no enlarged parietals, and caudal tip modified into a keel); from A. carvalhoi, A. lumbricalis, and A. pericensis by the presence of one row of postgenials and most commonly 12 dorsal and 14 or 16 ventral segments (two rows of postgenials [one or two in A. carvalhoi] and generally 14 dorsal and 18 ventral segments); from A. gracilis by the absence of a dorsal sulcus, one row of postgenials, and a tail with uniform diameter along its length (presence of a dorsal sulcus, two rows of postgenials, and the tail diameter decreasing towards the tip); from A. ibijara by having 205���234 body annuli, temporal not fused with postsupralabial, relatively short frontals, enlarged parietals, and one row of postgenials (239���250 body annuli, temporal and postsupralabial fused, long frontals, no enlarged parietals, and two rows of postgenials); from A. medemi by the nasals in contact, one row of postgenials, and a rounded or slightly compressed caudal tip (nasals usually separated by the posterior tip of rostral, two postgenial rows, and caudal tip modified into a blunt keel); from A. nigricauda by the presence of a rounded, slightly prognathous snout and the tail with a uniform brown color similar to dorsal body (obtuse, strongly prognathous snout and distal segments of the tail dark colored, contrasting with the light pigmented body); from A. slateri by a brown dorsal coloration that fades to cream toward the venter, and a postmental slightly longer than wide (body uniform dark brown and postmental distinctly longer than wide); from A. vanzolinii by the presence of three supra- and three infralabials (two supra- and two infralabials). Geographic distribution and habitat. Amphisbaena talisiae is known from central Brazil, between southeastern Mato Grosso, eastern Minas Gerais and central Tocantins states (Fig. 2; Table 2). It has been recorded mostly from the Cerrado ecoregion within two vegetation types: open savanna (���campo cerrado���) and arboreal savanna (���cerrado sensu stricto ���) (Colli et al. 2011; Nogueira 2001). The new specimens from UHE-LEM are in an apparent ecotone between the Cerrado and the Mato Grosso Tropical Dry Forests ecoregions. Within its geographic range, the climate is described as tropical savanna (���Aw��� in K��ppen���s climate classification map), with annual mean temperatures ��18��C, rainy summers and dry winters (Alvares et al. 2013). Regarding soil type, most known records (including the type locality) are in areas dominated by ferralsols, a deeply weathered soil typical of tropical climates (IUSS Working Group WRB 2015). The species is also recorded in areas where the main soil type is acrisol, cambisol, lixisol, or plinthosol (Fig. 2)., Published as part of Costa, Henrique C., Graboski, Roberta & Zaher, Hussam, 2019, Amphisbaena mensae Catro-Mello, 2000 is a synonym of Amphisbaena talisiae Vanzolini, 1995 (Squamata: Amphisbaenia: Amphisbaenidae), pp. 166-174 in Zootaxa 4559 (1) on pages 167-169, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4559.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/2626799, {"references":["Vanzolini, P. E. (1995) A new species of Amphisbaena from the state of Mato Grosso, Brasil (Reptilia: Amphisbaenia: Amphisbaenidae). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 39 (10), 217 - 221.","Castro-Mello, C. (2000) A new species of Amphisbaena from central Brasil (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 41 (16), 243 - 246.","Colli, G. R., Nogueira, C. de C., Pantoja, D. L., Ledo, R. M. D., Costa, B. M. & Brandao, R. A. (2011) Herpetofauna da Reserva Ecologica do IBGE e seu entorno. In: Ribeiro, M. L. (Ed), Reserva Ecologica do IBGE. Vol. 1. Biodiversidade Terrestre. Tomo 2. IBGE, Coordenacao de Recursos Naturais e Estudos Ambientais, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 133 - 145. [in Portuguese]","Nogueira, C. C. (2001) New records of squamate reptiles in central Brazilian Cerrado II: Brasilia region. Herpetological Review, 32 (4), 285 - 287.","Alvares, C. A., Stape, J. L., Sentelhas, P. C., Goncalves, J. L. M. & Sparovek, G. (2013) Koppen's climate classification map for Brazil. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 22 (6), 711 - 728. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / 0941 - 2948 / 2013 / 0507","IUSS Working Group WRB (2015) World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014. International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. Update 2015. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 192 pp."]}

Costa, Henrique C., Garcia, Paulo C. A., Zaher, Hussam (2016): The correct authorship and date of lizard names Teiinae, Tupinambinae, and Gymnophthalmidae. Zootaxa 4132 (2): 295-300, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4132.2.13