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Texto completo: acesso restrito. p. 961–970 Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2014-07-10T13:01:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 André Luis da Cruz.pdf: 2040751 bytes, checksum: 035622b43416aecafbd9a5db86d98b04 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Alda Lima da Silva (sivalda@ufba.br) on 2014-10-03T19:23:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 André Luis da Cruz.pdf: 2040751 bytes, checksum: 035622b43416aecafbd9a5db86d98b04 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-03T19:23:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 André Luis da Cruz.pdf: 2040751 bytes, checksum: 035622b43416aecafbd9a5db86d98b04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 The gills and the respiratory swim bladders of juvenile specimens (mean body mass 100 g) of the basal teleost Arapaima gigas (Cuvier 1829) were evaluated using stereological methods in vertical sections. The surface areas, harmonic mean barrier thicknesses and morphometric diffusing capacities for oxygen and carbon dioxide were estimated. The average respiratory surface area of the swim bladder (2173 cm2 kg−1) exceeded that of the gills (780 cm2 kg−1) by a factor of 2.79. Due to the extremely thin air–blood barrier in the swim bladder (harmonic mean 0.22 μm) and the much thicker water–blood barrier of the gills (9.61 μm), the morphometric diffusing capacity for oxygen and carbon dioxide was 88 times greater in the swim bladder than in the gills. These data clearly indicate the importance of the swim bladder, even in juvenile A. gigas that still engage in aquatic respiration. Because of the much greater diffusion constant of CO2 than O2 in water, the gills also remain important for CO2 release.

PURPOSE: To morphometrically quantify CD1a+ dentritic cells and DC-SIGN+ dendritic cells in HIV-positive patients with anal squamous intraepithelial neoplasia and to evaluate the effects of HIV infection, antiretroviral therapy and HPV infection on epithelial and subepithelial dendritic cells. METHODS: A prospective study was performed to morphometrically analyze the relative volume of the dendritic cells and the relationship between anal intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer in HIV-positive patients from the Tropical Medicine Foundation of Amazonas, Brazil. All patients were submitted to biopsies of anorectal mucosa to perform a classic histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis, employing antibodies against CD1a and DC-SIGN for the morphometric quantification of dendritic cells. RESULTS: HIV-negative patients displayed a CD1a DC density significantly higher than that of HIV-positives patients (3.75 versus 2.54) (p=0.018), and in patients with severe anal intraepithelial neoplasia had correlated between DC CD1a density with levels of CD4 + cells (p: 0.04) as well as the viral load of HIV-1 (p: 0.035). A not significant rise in the median density of CD1a+ DC was observed in the HIV positive/ HAART positive subgroup compared to the HIV positive/ HAART negative subgroup. The CD1a+ DC were also significantly increased in HIV-negative patients with anorectal condyloma (2.33 to 3.53; p=0.05), with an opposite effect in HIV-positive patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our data support an enhancement of the synergistic action caused by HIV-HPV co-infection on the anal epithelium, weakening the DC for its major role in immune surveillance. Notoriously in patients with severe anal intraepithelial neoplasia, the density of CD1a+ epithelial dendritic cells was influenced by the viral load of HIV-1. Our study describes for the first time the density of subepithelial DC-SIGN+ dendritic cells in patients with anal severe anal intraepithelial neoplasia and points to the possibility that a specific therapy for HIV induces the recovery of the density of epithelial DC. OBJETIVO: Quantificar morfometricamente as células dendríticas DC CD1a+ e DC DC-SIGN+ em pacientes HIV positivos portadores de neoplasia escamosa intraepitelial anal e avaliar os efeitos da infecção pelo HIV, da terapia antirretroviral e da infecção pelo HPV sobre as células dendríticas epiteliais e subepiteliais. MÉTODOS: Um estudo prospectivo foi realizado para analisar morfometricamente o volume relativo das células dendríticas e as relações entre neoplasia intraepitelial anal e o câncer em pacientes HIV positivos da Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas, Brasil.Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a biópsia da mucosa retal para realizar uma análise clássica histopatológica e imunohistoquímica utilizando anticorpos contra anti-CD1a e anti-DC-SIGN, para a quantificação morfométrica das células dendríticas. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes HIV negativos apresentaram densidade das DC CD1a+ significativamente maior do que a dos pacientes HIV positivos (3,75 versus 2,54) (p:0,018), e os pacientes com severa apresentaram correlação das DC CD1a com os níveis de células TCD4(p:0,04) assim como a carga viral do HIV-1 (p:0,035). Observamos no subgrupo HIV-positivo/HAART positivo elevação não significativa na mediana da densidade das DC CD1a+ em relação ao grupo HIV-positivo/HAART negativo. As DC CD1a+ também se elevaram nos pacientes HIV negativo portadores de condiloma anorretal(2,33 para 3,53; p:0,05), com efeito inverso nos pacientes HIV positivos. CONCLUSÕES: Nossos dados confirmam a potencialização da ação sinérgica representada pela coinfecção HIV-HPV sobre o epitélio anal, fragilizando as DC em sua função primordial de vigilância imune. Notoriamente nos pacientes com neoplasia intraepithelial anal grave, a densidade das DC CD1a+ epiteliais sofreu influência da carga viral do HIV-1. Nosso estudo descreveu pela primeira vez a densidade das DC subepiteliais DC-SIGN+ em pacientes com neoplasia intraepithelial anal severa e apontamos para a possibilidade de que a terapia específica para o HIV induza a recuperação da densidade das DC epiteliais.

Submitted by Vanda Dini (vanda_santana@hotmail.com) on 2021-07-20T20:59:04Z No. of bitstreams: 4 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_VandaDini.pdf: 7434998 bytes, checksum: d44d23f0379bd451f8c84c833958cec2 (MD5) Carta de Encaminhamento.pdf: 372400 bytes, checksum: 43a5b5786625d7bd311699da1cc38af3 (MD5) Ata de defesa de tese - Vanda Santana Queiroz Dini Assinada.pdf: 159625 bytes, checksum: 24603ae1bfaf681e2b9527d05f89f6c1 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by PPGIBA Imunologia B??sica e Aplicada (ppgimunologia@ufam.edu.br) on 2021-07-20T21:37:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 4 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_VandaDini.pdf: 7434998 bytes, checksum: d44d23f0379bd451f8c84c833958cec2 (MD5) Carta de Encaminhamento.pdf: 372400 bytes, checksum: 43a5b5786625d7bd311699da1cc38af3 (MD5) Ata de defesa de tese - Vanda Santana Queiroz Dini Assinada.pdf: 159625 bytes, checksum: 24603ae1bfaf681e2b9527d05f89f6c1 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2021-07-21T01:57:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 4 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_VandaDini.pdf: 7434998 bytes, checksum: d44d23f0379bd451f8c84c833958cec2 (MD5) Carta de Encaminhamento.pdf: 372400 bytes, checksum: 43a5b5786625d7bd311699da1cc38af3 (MD5) Ata de defesa de tese - Vanda Santana Queiroz Dini Assinada.pdf: 159625 bytes, checksum: 24603ae1bfaf681e2b9527d05f89f6c1 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-21T01:57:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_VandaDini.pdf: 7434998 bytes, checksum: d44d23f0379bd451f8c84c833958cec2 (MD5) Carta de Encaminhamento.pdf: 372400 bytes, checksum: 43a5b5786625d7bd311699da1cc38af3 (MD5) Ata de defesa de tese - Vanda Santana Queiroz Dini Assinada.pdf: 159625 bytes, checksum: 24603ae1bfaf681e2b9527d05f89f6c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-05-21 FAPEAM - Funda????o de Amparo ?? Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disease that mainly affects the joints, with key pathogenic alterations being attributed to the synovial membrane (SM). Available treatments for the disease are effective in minimizing symptoms, but their ability to intervene in disease progression and joint destruction is still limited, in addition to having numerous adverse effects. In this sense, the administration of natural products has emerged as an option. In this scenario, copaiba oil has been the subject of several studies aiming to prove them or adapt them to new therapies. Although widely studied, its action on key events in RA, such as hyperplasia and synoviocyte activation, immune cell infiltration and tissue invasion, need to be elucidated. Objective: To investigate the effect of copaiba oil (Copaifera spp.) on structural and ultrastructural morphology of joints in mice in acute arthritis induced by Zymosan (Zy), especially on the synovial membrane. Materials and methods: Balb/c mice were induced to AZy by s.c. injection of 500??g Zy solution into the paw. Two groups were destined to the evaluation of the oil, being administered, through the orogastric route (o.g.), 300 and 600 mg/kg. For comparison, groups treated with conventional treatment (diclofenac), without pharmacological intervention (Control) and treated only with oil (Control Copa??ba) were used. 96 hours after the injection, the paws and tissues were removed for histomorphological, stereological and electron microscopy analysis. Results: The injection of Zy in the paw was effective and developed edema and morphological and morphometric changes in small joints (metatarsal and phalanx), from which UL hyperplasia stands out, which resulted in an increase in its volume and surface space, bone erosion and cartilage loss, which in turn, presented reduced volume and surface. Copaiba oil proved to be effective in preserving the morphology and morphometry of the joint and its components, showing great similarity to conventional control and treatment. However, in relation to edema, it proved to be effective only in the first hours (1h and 3h), losing its capacity during the experiment. Arthritic SD showed classic ultrastructural changes, such as hyperplasia with inflammatory infiltrate, rich synoviocytes B with increased rER and cytoplasmic vacuoles, dilated cisterns filled with ribosomes and extensive cytoplasmic processes, and synoviocytes A with numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles. Copaiba oil conferred plasticity on the synoviocytes, which arranged themselves in such a way as to make the membrane impermeable. Conclusion: The AZy model is effective in developing structural and ultrastructural changes in small joints when applied to the paw via sc Copaiba oil has shown promise in containing morphological and morphometric changes imposed by experimental arthritis by Zy, which were evidenced by stereology and electron microscopy. However, additional studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms involved and adjust the dose and period of administration of the natural product. Keywords: Zymosan, stereology, morphology, electron microscopy, animal model. A artrite reumatoide (AR) ?? uma doen??a que afeta principalmente as articula????es, sendo atribu??da altera????es patog??nicas-chaves ?? membrana sinovial (MS). Os tratamentos dispon??veis para a doen??a s??o eficazes em minimizar os sintomas, mas a sua capacidade em intervir na progress??o da doen??a e destrui????o das articula????es ainda ?? limitada, al??m de apresentam in??meros efeitos adversos. Nesse sentido, a administra????o de produtos naturais tem emergido como uma op????o. Neste cen??rio, o ??leo de copa??ba tem sido mat??ria de v??rios estudos visando comprov??-las ou adapt??-las ?? novas terapias. Apesar de amplamente estudado, a sua a????o em eventos chaves na AR, tais como hiperplasia e ativa????o dos sinovi??citos, infiltra????o de c??lulas imunes e invas??o tecidual necessitam ser elucidadas. Objetivo: Investigar o efeito do ??leo de copa??ba (Copaifera spp.) sobre a morfologia estrutural e ultraestrutural das articula????es de camundongos na artrite aguda induzida por Zymosan (Zy), em especial sobre a membrana sinovial. Materiais e m??todos: Camundongos Balb/c foram induzidos ?? AZy por inje????o s.c. de solu????o de Zy a 500??g em pata. Dois grupos foram destinados ?? avalia????o do ??leo, sendo administrados, por via orog??strica (o.g.), 300 e 600 mg/kg. Para compara????o foram empregados grupos tratados com tratamento convencional (diclofenaco), sem interven????o farmacol??gica (Controle) e tratados apenas com ??leo (Controle Copa??ba). Ap??s 96 horas da inje????o, as patas e tecidos foram removidos para an??lise histomorfol??gica, estereol??gica e por microscopia eletr??nica. Resultados: A inje????o de Zy em pata foi eficaz e desenvolver edema e altera????es morfol??gicas e morfom??tricas em pequenas articula????es (metatarso e falange), dais quais destacam-se hiperplasia da MS, que resultou no aumento do seu volume e espa??o superficial, eros??o ??ssea e perda de cartilagem, que por sua vez, apresentaram volume e superf??cie reduzida. O ??leo de copa??ba demonstrou-se eficaz em preservar a morfologia e a morfometria da articula????o e seus componentes, demonstrando grande similaridade ao controle e tratamento convencional. Contudo, em rela????o ao edema, mostrou-se eficaz apenas nas primeiras horas (1h e 3h), perdendo sua capacidade no decorrer da experimenta????o. As MS artr??ticas apresentaram altera????es ultraestruturais cl??ssicas, tais como hiperplasia com infiltrado inflamat??rio, sinovi??citos B rico com aumento de REr e vac??olos citoplasm??ticos, cisternas dilatadas repletas de ribossomos e processos citoplasm??ticos extensos e sinovi??citos A com in??meros vac??olos citoplasm??ticos. O ??leo de copa??ba conferiu plasticidade aos sinovi??citos, que arranjaram-se de forma a tornar a membrana imperme??vel. Conclus??o: O modelo de AZy ?? eficaz em desenvolver altera????es estruturais e ultraestruturais em pequenas articula????es quando aplicado em pata por via s.c. O ??leo de copa??ba demonstrou-se promissor em conter altera????es morfol??gicas e morfom??tricas impostas pela artrite experimental por Zy, as quais foram evidenciadas por estereologia e microscopia eletr??nica. Contudo estudos adicionais s??o necess??rios para elucidar os mecanismos envolvidos e ajustar a dose e per??odo de administra????o do produto natural.

Submitted by Nathalie Marte (nathaliemarte.u@gmail.com) on 2020-05-11T15:20:12Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Disserta??aoNathalieMarte02_2020.pdf: 1698571 bytes, checksum: bb184f8a5b5641cc8da2a280f0bc6255 (MD5) Autodepo??sitoNathalieMarte.pdf: 124275 bytes, checksum: 36a07f5e8844ff938f1a9ce6a0bedb57 (MD5) DefesaMestradoNathalieMarte.pdf: 285945 bytes, checksum: 4b90429c1f3b03979b0f14ed1314fffe (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by PPGIBA Imunologia B??sica e Aplicada (imunologia.ppgiba.ufam@gmail.com) on 2020-05-11T16:11:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Disserta??aoNathalieMarte02_2020.pdf: 1698571 bytes, checksum: bb184f8a5b5641cc8da2a280f0bc6255 (MD5) Autodepo??sitoNathalieMarte.pdf: 124275 bytes, checksum: 36a07f5e8844ff938f1a9ce6a0bedb57 (MD5) DefesaMestradoNathalieMarte.pdf: 285945 bytes, checksum: 4b90429c1f3b03979b0f14ed1314fffe (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2020-05-11T19:21:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Disserta??aoNathalieMarte02_2020.pdf: 1698571 bytes, checksum: bb184f8a5b5641cc8da2a280f0bc6255 (MD5) Autodepo??sitoNathalieMarte.pdf: 124275 bytes, checksum: 36a07f5e8844ff938f1a9ce6a0bedb57 (MD5) DefesaMestradoNathalieMarte.pdf: 285945 bytes, checksum: 4b90429c1f3b03979b0f14ed1314fffe (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-05-11T19:21:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Disserta??aoNathalieMarte02_2020.pdf: 1698571 bytes, checksum: bb184f8a5b5641cc8da2a280f0bc6255 (MD5) Autodepo??sitoNathalieMarte.pdf: 124275 bytes, checksum: 36a07f5e8844ff938f1a9ce6a0bedb57 (MD5) DefesaMestradoNathalieMarte.pdf: 285945 bytes, checksum: 4b90429c1f3b03979b0f14ed1314fffe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-21 CAPES - Coordena????o de Aperfei??oamento de Pessoal de N??vel Superior Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease, known for inflammation of the synovium in small joints that causes pain and stiffness. Some of the mechanisms of pathogenesis are auto-antigenic T lymphocytes and auto-antibodies expressed by B lymphocytes. These mechanisms are the target for treatment. The current pharmaceuticals used for the treatment of RA are Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs), Biologic DMARD and Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs). All of these pharmaceuticals cause toxicity when used for a long period of time and have major adverse effects on the patients due to their low specificity for inflamed tissue. For this reason, researchers are beginning to test nanoformulations for treatment. Nanodrugs or nanopharmaceuticals are medications encapsulated in a nanoscale size. This conformation gives them unique properties for specific drug delivery at targeted sites, avoidance of degradation by enzymes and sustained release of the drug. Nanopharmaceuticals have demonstrated better anti-inflammatory capacity, enhanced immunomodulation and lower rates of progression of the disease. Our objective was to evaluate the activity of a Lipid core nanocapsule of Diclofenac (DIC-LNC) in an experimental model of adjuvant-induced arthritis, using stereological analysis. We applied quantitative morphological analysis to measure the volume, density and cellular profile count of the metatarsophalangeal articulation of the second digit. Our results demonstrated that DIC-LNC managed to reduce the volume of the joint in a more effective way than the Diclofenac solution. DIC-LNC preserved the synovial space and diminished synovitis of the arthritic joints. Our results suggest that Diclofenac lipid-core nanocapsules are effective at reducing joint inflammation. A artrite reumat??ide (AR) ?? uma doen??a auto-imune, conhecida pela inflama????o da sin??via, principalmente nas pequenas articula????es das m??os e os pes. A progress??o da AR leva ?? perda da fun????o das articula????es e, se n??o tratada, ?? deformidade das articula????es afetadas. A principal causa da AR ainda ?? desconhecida, mas alguns mecanismos de patog??nese foram identificados, como a express??o do ant??geno leucocit??rio humano HLA-DR4, linf??citos T auto-ant??genos e auto-anticorpos expressos pelos linf??citos B. Este mecanismo ?? o alvo do tratamento. Os produtos farmac??uticos atuais usados para o tratamento da AR s??o medicamentos anti-reum??ticos modificadores de doen??a (DMARDs), DMARDs biol??gicos e anti-inflamat??rios n??o esteroides (AINEs). Todos esses produtos farmac??uticos causam toxicidade quando usados por um longo per??odo de tempo e t??m grandes efeitos adversos nos pacientes. Os efeitos adversos s??o devidos ?? baixa especificidade que eles t??m para os tecidos inflamados. Por esse motivo, os pesquisadores est??o come??ando a testar nanoformula????es para tratamento. Nanodrogas ou nanof??rmacos s??o medicamentos encapsulados em um tamanho em nan??metros. Essa conforma????o fornece propriedades ??nicas para a administra????o espec??fica de medicamentos em locais espec??ficos, para evitar a degrada????o por enzimas e a libera????o sustentada do medicamento. Os nanofarmac??uticos demonstraram melhor capacidade anti-inflamat??ria, imunomodula????o aprimorada e menores taxas de progress??o da doen??a. A import??ncia de encontrar um melhor tratamento para a AR levou a este projeto. Nosso objetivo ?? avaliar a atividade de uma nanoc??psula lip??dica de diclofenaco em um modelo experimental de artrite induzida por adjuvante, utilizando an??lise estereol??gica. Atrav??s da gera????o de se????es seriais das patas de ratos artr??ticos, aplicaremos an??lises morfol??gicos quantitativos para medir o volume, a densidade e a contagem de perfis celulares dos componentes das articula????es. A avalia????o ser?? centrada na articula????o metatarso-falangeal do segundo d??gito. Observando mudan??as na cartilagem articular, osso, membrana sinovial e espa??o sinovial, avaliaremos a atividade anti-inflamat??ria do nanofarmac??utico. Medindo se a nanoc??psula preservou a articula????o.

Submitted by Violeta Areosa (violetareosa@hotmail.com) on 2019-07-01T14:15:51Z No. of bitstreams: 3 DISSERTA????O - VIOLETA AREOSA - PPGIBA.pdf: 2352154 bytes, checksum: ca407a721d8b17804c38cbe388e04da0 (MD5) Carta de encaminhamento.pdf: 174731 bytes, checksum: 38b294189c39f12f363010b5a7094d85 (MD5) ata de defesa mestrado.jpg: 652060 bytes, checksum: 47948a6f0c64143376ce7b6dc72373fd (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by PPGIBA Imunologia B??sica e Aplicada (imunologia.ppgiba.ufam@gmail.com) on 2019-07-01T15:00:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 DISSERTA????O - VIOLETA AREOSA - PPGIBA.pdf: 2352154 bytes, checksum: ca407a721d8b17804c38cbe388e04da0 (MD5) Carta de encaminhamento.pdf: 174731 bytes, checksum: 38b294189c39f12f363010b5a7094d85 (MD5) ata de defesa mestrado.jpg: 652060 bytes, checksum: 47948a6f0c64143376ce7b6dc72373fd (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2019-07-02T13:48:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 DISSERTA????O - VIOLETA AREOSA - PPGIBA.pdf: 2352154 bytes, checksum: ca407a721d8b17804c38cbe388e04da0 (MD5) Carta de encaminhamento.pdf: 174731 bytes, checksum: 38b294189c39f12f363010b5a7094d85 (MD5) ata de defesa mestrado.jpg: 652060 bytes, checksum: 47948a6f0c64143376ce7b6dc72373fd (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-07-02T13:48:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 DISSERTA????O - VIOLETA AREOSA - PPGIBA.pdf: 2352154 bytes, checksum: ca407a721d8b17804c38cbe388e04da0 (MD5) Carta de encaminhamento.pdf: 174731 bytes, checksum: 38b294189c39f12f363010b5a7094d85 (MD5) ata de defesa mestrado.jpg: 652060 bytes, checksum: 47948a6f0c64143376ce7b6dc72373fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-06-17 CAPES - Coordena????o de Aperfei??oamento de Pessoal de N??vel Superior (92) 99129-4311 Stereology is the gold standard of quantitative methods, whose efficacy is justified by its rigorous uniform systematic sampling at random at all levels of quantitative analysis. By making it possible to obtain 3-D information from 2-D sections, stereology allows the quantitative identification of an organ or structure, proving to be a fundamental tool in histopathological studies. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that affects a portion of the world population, associated with a high risk of morbidity and premature death due to extra-articular manifestations, especially cardiovascular diseases. Although currently available treatments have good results in local disease control (articulation), they present a high cost and side effects, which leads to an increase in the demand for alternative treatments. Copaiba oil is a natural product widely used in amazonian folk medicine not only for its various therapeutic effects but also for its low cost and easy access. Therefore, the present thesis aimed to evaluate, through stereology, the systemic action of copaiba oil (Copaifera multijuga Hayne) in an animal model of RA induced by zymosan (Zy). For such, Zy was injected in the region of the plantar cushion and in the knee joint of the left paw (BALB/c females, n= 36). Thirty minutes before induction, the mice were orally treated with vehicle solution or copaiba oil (300 or 600 mg/kg) or diclofenac, according to the experimental group. After 96 hours of experimentation, the animals were anesthetized and euthanized. Blood, heart and liver were collected for biochemical and stereological analyzes, respectively. There was no change in organs volume. Zy caused histological changes in the liver, but not in the heart. Copaiba led to increased vacuolization in the cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes and reversed the liver damage caused by Zy. In conclusion: (i) stereology is able to detect minimal morphological changes in the targets investigated; (ii) Zy has a systemic effect on the experimental induction model of Rheumatoid Arthritis; (iii) copaiba had a hepatoprotective effect; (iv) additional studies are needed to establish the true role of copaiba in the heart. A estereologia ?? o padr??o ouro dos m??todos quantitativos, cuja efic??cia ?? justificada por sua rigorosa amostragem sistem??tica uniforme e ao acaso em todos os n??veis da an??lise quantitativa. Por possibilitar a obten????o de informa????es 3-D a partir de se????es 2-D, a estereologia permite a identifica????o quantitativa de um ??rg??o ou estrutura, mostrando-se uma ferramenta fundamental em estudos histopatol??gicos. A Artrite Reumatoide (AR) ?? uma doen??a autoimune que afeta uma parcela da popula????o mundial, associadas a um risco elevado de morbidade e morte prematura devido a manifesta????es extra-articulares, com destaque para as doen??as cardiovasculares. Apesar dos tratamentos dispon??veis atualmente terem bons resultados no controle local da doen??a (articula????es), apresentam um alto custo e efeitos colaterais, o que leva a um aumento na procura por tratamentos alternativos. O ??leo de copa??ba ?? um produto natural bastante utilizado na medicina popular amaz??nica n??o somente pelos seus diversos efeitos terap??uticos, mas tamb??m pelo seu baixo custo e f??cil acesso. Portanto, a presente disserta????o teve como objetivo avaliar, por meio da estereologia, a a????o sist??mica do ??leo de copa??ba (Copaifera multijuga Hayne) num modelo animal de AR induzida por zymosan (Zy). Para tal, o Zy foi injetado na regi??o do coxim plantar e na articula????o do joelho da pata esquerda (f??meas BALB/c, n= 36). Trinta minutos antes da indu????o, os animais foram tratados oralmente com solu????o ve??culo ou ??leo de copa??ba (300 ou 600 mg/kg) ou diclofenaco, conforme grupo experimental. Ap??s 96 horas de experimenta????o, os animais foram anestesiados e eutanasiados. O sangue, o cora????o e o f??gado foram coletados para an??lises bioqu??micas e estereol??gicas, respectivamente. N??o houve altera????o no volume dos ??rg??os. O Zy causou altera????es histol??gicas no f??gado, mas n??o no cora????o. A copa??ba levou a um aumento da vacuoliza????o no citoplasma dos cardiomi??citos e reverteu o dano hep??tico causado pelo Zy. Em conclus??o: (i) a estereologia ?? capaz de detectar m??nimas altera????es morfol??gicas nos alvos investigados; (ii) o Zy apresenta um efeito sist??mico no modelo de indu????o experimental de AR; (iii) a copa??ba teve um efeito hepatoprotetor; (iv) estudos adicionais s??o necess??rios para estabelecer o real papel da copa??ba no cora????o.

Submitted by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2020-09-03T18:26:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Reprodu????o N??o Autorizada.pdf: 41233 bytes, checksum: 9e144ed5c45b7a8945758a7e420acada (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2020-09-03T18:27:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Reprodu????o N??o Autorizada.pdf: 41233 bytes, checksum: 9e144ed5c45b7a8945758a7e420acada (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-09-03T18:27:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Reprodu????o N??o Autorizada.pdf: 41233 bytes, checksum: 9e144ed5c45b7a8945758a7e420acada (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-05-28 CAPES - Coordena????o de Aperfei??oamento de Pessoal de N??vel Superior Indispon??vel Em 2050, a popula????o mundial dever?? atingir 9,5 bilh??es de habitantes e frente a esse crescimento a produ????o de prote??na animal precisar?? expandir para atender ao consumo dessa popula????o. Atualmente, a prote??na animal de pescados ?? a mais produzida no planeta. A principal atividade da Piscicultura, no Brasil, ?? o cultivo de peixes de ??gua doce, sendo a esp??cie mais criada, na Regi??o Norte, o tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), pelas suas caracter??sticas econ??micas, seu sabor e rusticidade. No entanto, um dos entraves encontrados na Piscicultura ?? a manuten????o da sanidade animal, pois, por exemplo, bact??rias e parasitas podem gerar grandes perdas econ??micas por causarem morbidade e mortalidade nos peixes. Para auxiliar o desenvolvimento da Piscicultura, na Regi??o Norte, foram realizados: uma Revis??o sistem??tica (Cap??tulo 1) para observamos como a ci??ncia avan??ou no entendimento sobre quais agentes infecciosos acometem o tambaqui, quais s??o as ferramentas utilizadas para o diagn??stico desses pat??genos e quais tratamentos est??o dispon??veis, dessa forma, saberemos quais ??reas de pesquisa precisam ser priorizadas. Avaliou-se tamb??m como a densidade de estocagem de tambaquis pode induzir estresse, que afeta as defesas imunol??gicas como concentra????o de imunoglobulinas e prote??nas plasm??ticas (Cap??tulo 2). Realizou-se o isolamento e a purifica????o das imunoglobulinas de tambaqui, para produzir o anti-imunoglobulina, em camundongos, a fim de viabilizar o desenvolvimento de biosensores capazes de detectar agentes infecciosos nesses peixes (Cap??tulo 3). O ??ltimo cap??tulo foi feito por meio de entrevistas com os piscicultores e com os t??cnicos respons??veis pelo controle sanit??rio para definir os problemas para o desenvolvimento de uma startup, a fim de, propor solu????es aos piscicultores e t??cnicos dessa regi??o. Os resultados poder??o contribuir para a melhoria da Piscicultura regional e nacional de tambaqui.

Submitted by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-10-15T17:22:13Z No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) TeseParcial (Cap. I, II)_Juliana Lameiras PPGBIOTEC.pdf: 3402979 bytes, checksum: dd0a6b4fb8b56f31d7e9a4fdf07f7034 (MD5) Reprodu????o N??o Autorizada.pdf: 47716 bytes, checksum: 0353d988c60b584cfc9978721c498a11 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-10-15T17:22:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) TeseParcial (Cap. I, II)_Juliana Lameiras PPGBIOTEC.pdf: 3402979 bytes, checksum: dd0a6b4fb8b56f31d7e9a4fdf07f7034 (MD5) Reprodu????o N??o Autorizada.pdf: 47716 bytes, checksum: 0353d988c60b584cfc9978721c498a11 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-15T17:22:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) TeseParcial (Cap. I, II)_Juliana Lameiras PPGBIOTEC.pdf: 3402979 bytes, checksum: dd0a6b4fb8b56f31d7e9a4fdf07f7034 (MD5) Reprodu????o N??o Autorizada.pdf: 47716 bytes, checksum: 0353d988c60b584cfc9978721c498a11 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-27 CAPES - Coordena????o de Aperfei??oamento de Pessoal de N??vel Superior 92-98242-3066 Stingray, belonging to the Potamotrygoninae subfamily are cartilaginous fish which are found in the watersheds of South America. These animals are provided with stingers at the base of the tail, suitable for their defense. The sting is covered by a tegument sheath containing mucous glands and venom. The victims often suffer poisonings by stingrays when they step on the animal's dorsum, hidden under the sand, on the edge of the beach. Consequently, the stingray moves tail abruptly and inserts the stinger on the victim, causing an extremely painful laceration, which usually leads to tissue necrosis. Accidents usually occur in distant and isolated places, usually without adequate medical care, so they are almost always not notified. There is no defined and effective therapy for these poisoning and health professionals not received adequate training to control this type of accident. The treatment is based on the use of analgesics, anti-inflammatories and antibiotics, as there is no specific antidote. Although medical procedures are able to control the clinical status of patients, the neutralization of toxins would be the ideal conduit to prevent the induction of signs and symptoms of poisoning by freshwater stingrays. In order to obtain an immunobiological able to neutralize the main effects induced by the poison, the present study aimed to analyze the neutralization, by hyperimmune sera, of the edematogenic and myotoxic activities induced by the poison of Potamotrygon motoro. Serums were obtained in Balb/c mice by means of intradermal immunization using either the dorsal extract or stinger extract of P. motoro adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. By Dot-ELISA and Western Blot analysis, it was possible to verify that the dorsal extract was as immunogenic as the stinger extract, inducing high titers of antibodies, which reacted with homologous (of the same species) and heterologous antigens (dorsum and stinger extracts from the species Paratrygon aiereba, Plesiotrygon iwamae, Potamotrygon orbignyi and Potamotrygon schroederi, all of freshwater), indicating that both types of extracts could be used in the production of antivenom to treat victims of poisoning by freshwater stingrays. From there, the power of the hyperimmune sera was verified in neutralizing, in vivo, the edematogenic and myotoxic activities induced by the stinger extract of P. motoro through two protocols: serum neutralization and vaccination. The first consisted of injecting the venom into the gastrocnemius muscle of Balb/c mice, and then administering either the antidorsal serum or the antistinger serum via ophthalmic venous plexus. The second one consisted in immunizing the mice with the dorsal or stinger extract adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide and challenging them with the venom of the stinger intramuscularly. The gastrocnemius were removed for histopathological and stereological analysis and blood was collected via the ophthalmic venous plexus for cytokine, CRP and CK dosing. Antidorsal and antistinger sera did not neutralize the edematogenic activity, but the serum neutralization and vaccination protocols partially neutralized the tissue damage induced by the stinger venom. Systemic rhabdomyolysis was only neutralized 100% in the animals vaccinated with the stinger extract. Cytokine analysis indicated that the serum neutralization protocol induced the release of cytokines from the Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg profiles, while the vaccination protocol induced a Th1 response. The results indicate that the dorsal extract can be used as an alternative to the stinger extract (or together) in the production of immunobiologicals in treatments for freshwater poisoning. Arraias pertencentes ?? subfam??lia Potamotrygoninae s??o peixes cartilaginosos que ocorrem nas bacias hidrogr??ficas da Am??rica do Sul. Esses animais s??o providos de ferr??es na base da cauda, pr??prios para a sua defesa. O ferr??o ?? coberto por uma bainha tegumentar contendo gl??ndulas mucosas e de veneno. As v??timas costumam sofrer envenenamentos por arraias geralmente quando pisam no dorso do animal, escondido sob a areia, na beira da praia. Por consequ??ncia, a arraia movimenta a cauda abruptamente e introduz o ferr??o no indiv??duo, causando uma lacera????o extremamente dolorida, que geralmente leva ?? necrose do tecido. Os acidentes costumam ocorrer em lugares distantes, isolados, geralmente sem atendimento m??dico adequado e, portanto, quase sempre n??o s??o notificados. N??o h?? uma terapia definida e eficaz para os envenenamentos por arraias e os profissionais de sa??de geralmente n??o recebem treinamento adequado para cuidar deste tipo de acidente. O tratamento ?? baseado no uso de analg??sicos, anti-inflamat??rios e antibi??ticos, pois ainda n??o existe ant??doto espec??fico. Embora os procedimentos m??dicos sejam capazes de controlar o quadro cl??nico dos pacientes, a neutraliza????o das toxinas seria a conduta ideal para impedir a indu????o dos sinais e sintomas apresentados nos envenenamentos por arraias de ??gua doce. No intuito de obter um imunobiol??gico capaz de neutralizar as principais atividades apresentadas pelas v??timas, o presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar a neutraliza????o, por soros hiperimunes, das atividades edematog??nica e miot??xica induzidas pela pe??onha da arraia Potamotrygon motoro. Os soros foram obtidos em camundongos Balb/c por meio de imuniza????o intrad??rmica usando-se ou o extrato do dorso ou do ferr??o de P. motoro adsorvidos em adjuvante hidr??xido de alum??nio. Por an??lise de Dot-ELISA e Western Blot, foi poss??vel verificar que o extrato do dorso foi t??o imunog??nico quanto o extrato do ferr??o, induzindo a altos t??tulos de anticorpos, que reagiram com ant??genos hom??logos (da mesma esp??cie) e heter??logos (extrato do dorso ou do ferr??o das esp??cies Paratrygon aiereba, Plesiotrygon iwamae, Potamotrygon orbignyi e Potamotrygon schroederi, todas de ??gua doce), indicando que ambos os tipos de extrato poderiam ser usados na produ????o de antiveneno para tratar v??timas de envenenamento por arraias de ??gua doce. A partir da??, foi verificado o poder dos soros hiperimunes em neutralizar, in vivo, as atividades edematog??nica e miot??xica induzidas pelo extrato do ferr??o de P. motoro por meio de dois protocolos: soroneutraliza????o e vacina????o. O primeiro consistiu em injetar a pe??onha no m??sculo gastrocn??mio de camundongos Balb/c, e, em seguida, ministrar ou o soro antidorso ou o soro antiferr??o via plexo venoso oft??lmico. J??, o segundo consistiu em imunizar os camundongos com o extrato do dorso ou do ferr??o adsorvidos em hidr??xido de alum??nio e desafi??-los com a pe??onha do ferr??o via intramuscular. Os gastrocn??mios foram removidos para an??lise histopatol??gica e esterol??gica e o sangue, coletado via plexo venoso oft??lmico para dosagem de citocinas, PCR e CK. Os soros antidorso e antiferr??o n??o neutralizaram a atividade edematog??nica, mas os protocolos de soroneutraliza????o e vacina????o neutralizaram parcialmente o dano tecidual induzido pela pe??onha do ferr??o. A rabdomi??lise sist??mica s?? foi neutralizada 100% nos animais vacinados com o extrato do ferr??o. A an??lise das citocinas indicou que o protocolo de soroneutraliza????o induziu a libera????o de citocinas dos perfis Th1, Th2, Th17 e Treg, enquanto o protocolo de vacina????o induziu ?? uma resposta Th1. Os resultados indicam que o extrato do dorso pode ser usado como alternativa ao extrato do ferr??o (ou em conjunto) na produ????o de imunobiol??gicos nos tratamentos por envenenamentos de arraias de ??gua doce.

Submitted by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-03-16T14:07:25Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Disserta????o_ Marissa B. Anjos.pdf: 1468936 bytes, checksum: 00b93348700901474a18adf50c5298fa (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-03-16T14:07:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Disserta????o_ Marissa B. Anjos.pdf: 1468936 bytes, checksum: 00b93348700901474a18adf50c5298fa (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-16T14:07:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Disserta????o_ Marissa B. Anjos.pdf: 1468936 bytes, checksum: 00b93348700901474a18adf50c5298fa (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-29 CAPES - Coordena????o de Aperfei??oamento de Pessoal de N??vel Superior Aqueous extract from Bellucia dichotoma bark (EaBd) has traditionally been used in cases of snakes-bites accidents and has been shown to be promising against Bothrops atrox (VBa) poisoning. Antibothropic serum (SAB) is the conventional therapy after the accident with B. atrox. There is evidence of the local blocking action of EaBd in poisoned mice, however studies of the systemic action of this plant against VBa are lacking. The association between EaBd and SAB could also be an alternative for the injured. The spleen is the site responsible for filtration, immune response of the blood, as well as site of extramedullary hematopoiesis. In the present study, Swiss mice were challenged with bothropic venom and treated with Bellucia dichotoma, using the same extract concentration and native population preparation conditions, in order to investigate the action of venom and the possible antiofidic effect of EaBd in the period of 24 h. Thus, five experimental treatments (n = 4) were established: saline, VBa (Bothrops atrox venom), EaBd, EaBd/SAB and SAB. After the experimental period, the animals were sacrificed and the spleens removed and fixed in buffered formalin for further processing in histological resin. Each organ was serially sectioned (9-12 sections/organ) that allowed the determination of the total volume of the spleen and its microstructure according to modern stereological techniques. B. atrox venom reduced the volume of the erythropoietic region of the red pulp and the volume of the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS), a region rich in T lymphocytes of the white pulp. In addition, the population of follicular macrophages was significantly increased in the VBa group in relation to the other groups. The treatment EaBd and EaBd/SAB did not present significant changes, except for the capsule component that was increased in EaBd/SAB. The treatments involving the extract were also similar to saline and SAB treatments. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of B. dichotoma administered orally shortly after B. atrox poisoning is effective in inhibiting the quantitative morphological changes in the spleen of mice poisoned when evaluated after 24 hours. O extrato aquoso da casca de Bellucia dichotoma (EaBd) ?? utilizado tradicionalmente em casos de acidentes of??dicos e tem se mostrado como promissor contra o envenenamento por Bothrops atrox (VBa). O soro antibotr??pico (SAB) ?? a terapia convencional ap??s o acidente com B. atrox. H?? evidencias da a????o bloqueadora local de EaBd em camundongos envenenados, contudo faltam estudos da a????o sist??mica dessa planta contra VBa. A associa????o entre EaBd e SAB tamb??m poderia ser uma alternativa para o acidentado. O ba??o ?? o s??tio respons??vel pela filtra????o, resposta imune do sangue, como tamb??m local da hematopoiese extramedular. No presente estudo, camundongos Swiss foram desafiados com o veneno botr??pico e tratados com Bellucia dichotoma, utilizando a mesma concentra????o do extrato e condi????es de preparo da popula????o nativa, a fim de investigar a a????o do veneno e o poss??vel efeito antiof??dico do EaBd no per??odo de 24 h. Assim, cinco tratamentos experimentais (n=4) foram estabelecidos: salina, (veneno de Bothrops atrox) VBa, VBa/EaBd, VBa/EaBd/SAB (soro antibotr??pico) e VBa/SAB. Ap??s o per??odo experimental, os animais foram sacrificados e os ba??os removidos e fixados em formalina tamponada para posterior processamento em resina histol??gica. Cada ??rg??o foi serialmente seccionado (9-12 se????es/??rg??o) que permitiram a determina????o do volume total do ba??o e de sua microestrutura segundo as modernas t??cnicas estereol??gicas. O veneno de B. atrox reduziu o volume da regi??o eritropoi??tica da polpa vermelha e o volume da bainha linfoide periarteriolar (PALS), regi??o rica em linf??citos T da polpa branca. Al??m disso, a popula????o de macr??fagos foliculares esteve significativamente aumentada no grupo VBa em rela????o aos demais grupos. O tratamento EaBd e EaBd/SAB n??o apresentaram altera????es significativas, com exce????o do componente c??psula que esteve aumentado em EaBd/SAB. Os tratamentos envolvendo o extrato tamb??m mostraram-se similares aos tratamentos salina e SAB. Em conclus??o, o extrato aquoso de B. dichotoma administrado por via oral logo ap??s o envenenamento por B. atrox ?? efetivo na inibi????o das altera????es morfol??gicas quantitativas no ba??o de camundongos envenenado quando avaliados ap??s 24 horas.

Submitted by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2017-08-29T19:50:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Reprodu????o N??o Autorizada.pdf: 47716 bytes, checksum: 0353d988c60b584cfc9978721c498a11 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2017-08-29T19:51:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Reprodu????o N??o Autorizada.pdf: 47716 bytes, checksum: 0353d988c60b584cfc9978721c498a11 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-29T19:51:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Reprodu????o N??o Autorizada.pdf: 47716 bytes, checksum: 0353d988c60b584cfc9978721c498a11 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-25 CAPES - Coordena????o de Aperfei??oamento de Pessoal de N??vel Superior The present work evaluated the impact of parasitism on hematological and biochemical parameters in the rearing of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) and tissue damage caused by Acanthocephala infection Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae. To reach these objectives a total of 42 tambaqui specimens were collected in commercial fish culture. Of these, 32 fish were used to identify the metazoan parasites and characterization of the hematological and biochemical profile; While 10 specimens (5 parasitized and 5 non-parasitized) were used for the application of stereological techniques in the morphometric investigation of the changes caused by the presence of acanthocephals (N. buttnerae) in the intestine of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Of the analyzed fish, 100% were parasitized, being 100% by Monogenea helminths and acantocephalans, 59.38% by copepod crustaceans and 53.13% by branchiura. The highest mean intensity was of Acanthocephala, followed by monogenetic, copepods and branchiura. The species of helminths identified were: Anacanthorus spathulatus, Mymarothecium boegeri and Notozothecium janauachensis (Monogenea) and Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae (Acanthocephala). There was a significant positive correlation between fish weight and hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (HCM), as well as between total length and MCV, HCM. For the condition factor, as well as Ht and Hb a negative correlation with Copepoda parasites was observed. There was a significant negative correlation between Acanthocephala and the parameters Ht, Hb, thrombocytes and glucose, as well as between Monogenea and glucose, indicating that the hemogram could be influenced by endogenous factors such as length and body weight of the fish, as well as by parasitism, affecting the health status of tambaquis. Regarding the evaluation of the tissue damage, using a stereological tool, the portions of the intestine were classified into 7 regions, according to how the loops are naturally loosened in the coelomic cavity. As regards the mean volume of the intestinal layers (mucosa, submucosa, muscular and serous), the increase in mucosa volume was statistically significant in regions 3, 4 and 5. In these regions, the average parasitic load was approximately 34 parasites / region. In the evaluation of the intestinal layers of tambaqui, the mucosa layer was the most affected by the presence of acanthocephala, and a significant difference could be observed between all regions analyzed in the comparison of parasitized and non-parasitized groups, while the submucosa presented significant leukocytes infiltrate in regions 2, 3 and 4 in the parasitized fish. The muscular showed leukocytes infiltrate in regions 2, 3 and 5 of the parasitized group. There was relevant muscular edema only in regions 2 and 5 of the parasitized group. It should be noted that the surface area of the mucosa was not altered in the parasitized fish, suggesting that the absorption at the villi level was not altered. Therefore, the tambaquis evaluated presented moderate infestation by metazoan parasites, capable of weakening the hosts as observed through hematological and biochemical alterations; it is further added that the intestinal mucosa layer of tambaqui was affected by the presence of N. buttnerae, and that despite the damage observed the surface area of the mucosa, the main site of nutrient absorption, was preserved. O presente trabalho avaliou o impacto do parasitismo sobre os par??metros hematol??gicos e bioqu??micos na cria????o de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) e os danos teciduais provocados pela infec????o por acantoc??falo Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae. Para alcan??ar esses objetivos um total de 42 exemplares de tambaqui foram coletados em piscicultura comercial. Destes, 32 peixes foram utilizados para identifica????o dos parasitos metazo??rios e caracteriza????o do perfil hematol??gico e bioqu??mico; enquanto 10 exemplares (5 parasitados e 5 n??o parasitados) foram utilizados para aplica????o de t??cnicas estereol??gicas na investiga????o morfom??trica das altera????es provocadas pela presen??a de acantoc??falos (N. buttnerae) no intestino de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Dos peixes analisados, 100% estavam parasitados, sendo 100% por helmintos Monogenea e acantoc??falos, 59,38% por crust??ceos cop??podos e 53,13% por branqui??ros. A maior intensidade m??dia foi de acantoc??falos, seguida por monogen??ticos, cop??podos e branqui??ros. As esp??cies de helmintos identificadas foram: Anacanthotus spathulatus, Mymarothecium boegeri e Notozothecium janauachensis (Monogenea) e Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae (Acanthocephala). Foi observada correla????o positiva significativa entre peso dos peixes e os valores de hemat??crito (Ht), hemoglobina (Hb), volume corpuscular m??dio (VCM), hemoglobina corpuscular m??dia (HCM), bem como entre comprimento total e VCM, HCM. O fator de condi????o, Ht e Hb foram negativamente correlacionados com parasitos Copepoda. Houve correla????o negativa significativa entre Acantocephala e os par??metros Ht, Hb, tromb??citos e glicose, bem como entre Monogenea e glicose, indicando que o hemograma pode ser influenciado por fatores end??genos como o comprimento e o peso corporal dos peixes, assim como pelo parasitismo, afetando a sa??de de tambaquis. J?? com rela????o ?? avalia????o do dano tecidual, com emprego de ferramenta estereol??gica, as por????es do intestino foram classificadas em 7 regi??es, de acordo como as al??as est??o naturalmente enoveladas na cavidade celom??tica. No que se refere ao volume m??dio das camadas intestinais (mucosa, submucosa, muscular e serosa), o aumento no volume da mucosa foi estatisticamente significativo nas regi??es 3, 4 e 5. Nessas regi??es, a carga parasit??ria m??dia foi de aproximadamente 34 parasitos/regi??o. Na avalia????o dos danos nas camadas intestinais do tambaqui, a camada mucosa foi a mais afetada pela presen??a de acantoc??falos, podendo ser verificada diferen??a significativa entre todas as regi??es analisadas na compara????o dos grupos parasitados e n??o parasitados, enquanto a submucosa apresentou infiltra????o leucocit??ria significativa nas regi??es 2, 3 e 4 nos peixes parasitados. A muscular apresentou infiltrado leucocit??rio nas regi??es 2, 3 e 5 do grupo parasitado. Houve edema muscular relevante apenas nas regi??es 2 e 5 do grupo parasitado. Destaca-se ainda que a ??rea superficial da mucosa n??o foi alterada nos peixes parasitados, o que sugere que a absor????o no n??vel dos vilos n??o foi alterada. Portanto, os juvenis de tambaqui avaliados apresentaram infesta????o moderada por parasitos metazo??rios, capazes de debilitar os hospedeiros como observado atrav??s das altera????es hematol??gicas e bioqu??micas; acrescenta-se ainda que a camada mucosa intestinal de tambaqui foi afetada pela presen??a de N. buttnerae, e que apesar dos danos observados a ??rea superficial da mucosa, principal s??tio de absor????o de nutrientes, foi preservada.

Submitted by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2017-03-17T11:06:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Disserta????o - Cacilda S. Y. Mallmann.pdf: 3158977 bytes, checksum: 98919264cd60f9ac2f5553060b4c6c44 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2017-03-17T11:06:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Disserta????o - Cacilda S. Y. Mallmann.pdf: 3158977 bytes, checksum: 98919264cd60f9ac2f5553060b4c6c44 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2017-03-17T11:06:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Disserta????o - Cacilda S. Y. Mallmann.pdf: 3158977 bytes, checksum: 98919264cd60f9ac2f5553060b4c6c44 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-17T11:06:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Disserta????o - Cacilda S. Y. Mallmann.pdf: 3158977 bytes, checksum: 98919264cd60f9ac2f5553060b4c6c44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-30 Sj??gren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the epithelial tissue of exocrine secretion glands, characterized by immunological changes as the infiltration of salivary and lacrimal glands by CD4 + T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes and the presence of autoantibodies against nuclear antigens. Genetic, hormonal and environmental factors are also important in its pathogenesis. In its diagnosis are used different criteria approved by the American College of Rheumotology (ACR) and the European Call Against Rheumatism (EULAR) which include semi-quantitative histological examination of samples of minor salivary glands sublabial processed in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (foci scores; 50 lymphocytes/4 mm2). From the experimental point of view, this method is susceptible to bias, since it is based on an extremely limited area of tissue to be analyzed and has the potential to result in lower precision and accuracy. In an attempt to minimize such bias this proposal aims to standardize quantitative morphometric measurements in minor salivary gland biopsies (GSM) in SS suspected patients using stereological tools free of systematic bias, therefore, to ensuring precision and accuracy in morphometry. Such tools allow the detection of minimal morphological changes that would otherwise be overlooked by semi-quantitative assessment of routine. To this end, 10 biopsies of female patients suspected of having SS were histologically processed and embedded in acrylic resin hydroxyethyl methacrylate (Technovit 7100, Heraues-Kulzer, Germany). The blocks containing the biopsy fragments were randomly oriented to allow obtaining isotropic sections (Orientator). Serial sections (6-13/biopsy) were stained with eosin hematoxylin and Harrys. Fields of view chosen in a uniform, systematic and random way were photographed and analyzed quantitatively using appropriate software (IMOD 4.5/Stereology). Based on the criteria for the diagnosis of SS by the ACR, patients were divided into Group Non-SS (N = 4; 0-1 satisfied criterion) and SS group (N = 6; 2-3 criteria met). In evaluating the density of the components of GSMs (t-test), there was a significant increase in the proportion of lymphocytes in the SS group (p = 0.033). The other components showed no significant changes. The number of lymphocytes (p=0.025) and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates (p = 0.038) were increased in the SS group, but no significant change was observed in the number of plasma cells and the volume of GSMs between groups. The CE of GSM Cavaliere volume remained below 5%. The number of evaluated sections influences the precision and accuracy of the results. There is no correlation between pathological score and stereological evaluation of lymphocytic infiltrates. The SS group was characterized by the presence of positive values for the Anti-SSA antibodies/Anti- SSB, high focal score and reduced dry score. We conclude that quantitative analysis of GSM by stereology provides detailed information that can implement and complement the laboratory and clinical findings in the diagnosis of Sj??gren's syndrome. No diagn??stico da S??ndrome de Sj??gren (SS) usamos os crit??rios aprovados pela American College of Rheumotology (ACR), que ?? uma doen??a inflamat??ria cr??nica do tecido epitelial das gl??ndulas de secre????o ex??crina. ?? caracterizada por altera????es imunol??gicas como a infiltra????o das gl??ndulas salivares e lacrimais por linf??citos T CD4+ e linf??citos B e pela presen??a de autoanticorpos contra ant??genos nucleares. Do ponto de vista experimental, as metodologias envolvidas nesta caracteriza????o s??o suscet??veis ao vi??s, visto que se baseiam em uma ??rea extremamente restrita de tecido a ser analisado e t??m o potencial de gerar resultados com baixa precis??o e acur??cia. A proposta neste trabalho foi padronizar medidas morfom??tricas usando estereologia na gl??ndula salivar menor (GSM) de pacientes suspeitos de SS afim de garantir precis??o e acur??cia na determina????o de SS. Para tal, 10 bi??psias de mulheres foram processadas histologicamente e inclu??das em resina acr??lica. Se????es seriais (6-13/bi??psia) foram coradas ap??s a fragmenta????o da bi??psia em blocos orientados ao acaso, para permitir a obten????o de se????es isotr??picas (orientator). Campos de vista escolhidos de forma uniforme, sistem??tica e ao acaso foram fotografados em Estereomicrosc??pio Digital System e analisados quantitativamente. Aplicando os crit??rios da ACR para SS, houve segrega????o dos pacientes em Grupo N??o-SS e Grupo SS. Na avalia????o da densidade de volume dos componentes das GSMs (test-t) houve um aumento significativo na propor????o de linf??citos do Grupo SS (p = 0,033). Os demais componentes n??o apresentaram altera????es significativas. O n??mero de linf??citos (p = 0,025) e infiltrados linfoplasmocit??rios (p = 0,038) estiveram aumentados no Grupo SS, contudo nenhuma altera????o significativa foi observada no n??mero de plasm??citos e no volume das GSMs entre os grupos. Na determina????o do volume da GSM o coeficiente de erro manteve-se abaixo de 5%. O n??mero de se????es avaliadas influencia a precis??o e acur??cia dos resultados. N??o h?? correla????o entre os dados patol??gicos e o estereol??gico na avalia????o dos infiltrados linfocit??rios. Conclu??mos que a an??lise estereol??gica fornece informa????es detalhadas que podem implementar e complementar os achados no diagn??stico da S??ndrome de Sj??gren.