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1. Prevalence of Comprehensive Eye Examination in Preschool Children With Eye Conditions

Author

Yu, Victoria K, Tarczy-Hornoch, Kristina, Cotter, Susan A, Torres, Mina, Jiang, Xuejuan, and Varma, Rohit

Subjects
Allied Health and Rehabilitation Science, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Ophthalmology and Optometry, Neurosciences, Clinical Research, Pediatric, Brain Disorders, Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision, Prevention, Eye, Amblyopia, comprehensive eye examination, preschool vision screening, refractive error, strabismus
Abstract

IntroductionThe purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of comprehensive eye examinations in multiethnic preschool children, including children with visually significant eye conditions, and identify factors associated with comprehensive eye examinations.MethodsA sample of 9,197 African American, Hispanic, Asian American, and non-Hispanic White children aged 6-72 months was recruited for the Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study from 2003 to 2011. Logistic regression performed in 2022 identified independent factors associated with parent-reported history of comprehensive eye examinations. The proportion of children with previous comprehensive eye examinations and the proportion with undetected amblyopia or strabismus were measured.ResultsThe prevalence of comprehensive eye examinations was 6.3% overall and 38.3%, 24.8%, 19.1%, 15.1%, and 9.8% among children with strabismus, amblyopia, significant anisometropia, hyperopia, and astigmatism, respectively. Children without prior comprehensive eye examinations were more likely to have undetected amblyopia or strabismus than those with comprehensive eye examination history (ps

Published
2024

3. IMI—Management and Investigation of High Myopia in Infants and Young Children

Author

Flitcroft, Ian, Ainsworth, John, Chia, Audrey, Cotter, Susan, Harb, Elise, Jin, Zi-Bing, Klaver, Caroline CW, Moore, Anthony T, Nischal, Ken K, Ohno-Matsui, Kyoko, Paysse, Evelyn A, Repka, Michael X, Smirnova, Irina Y, Snead, Martin, Verhoeven, Virginie JM, and Verkicharla, Pavan K

Subjects
Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision, Clinical Research, Pediatric, Eye, Humans, Infant, Child, Preschool, Child, Myopia, Refraction, Ocular, Vision Tests, Biometry, high myopia, secondary myopia, syndromic myopia, myopia control, myopia genetics, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Ophthalmology & Optometry
Abstract

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology, etiology, clinical assessment, investigation, management, and visual consequences of high myopia (≤-6 diopters [D]) in infants and young children.FindingsHigh myopia is rare in pre-school children with a prevalence less than 1%. The etiology of myopia in such children is different than in older children, with a high rate of secondary myopia associated with prematurity or genetic causes. The priority following the diagnosis of high myopia in childhood is to determine whether there is an associated medical diagnosis that may be of greater overall importance to the health of the child through a clinical evaluation that targets the commonest features associated with syndromic forms of myopia. Biometric evaluation (including axial length and corneal curvature) is important to distinguishing axial myopia from refractive myopia associated with abnormal development of the anterior segment. Additional investigation includes ocular imaging, electrophysiological tests, genetic testing, and involvement of pediatricians and clinical geneticists is often warranted. Following investigation, optical correction is essential, but this may be more challenging and complex than in older children. Application of myopia control interventions in this group of children requires a case-by-case approach due to the lack of evidence of efficacy and clinical heterogeneity of high myopia in young children.ConclusionsHigh myopia in infants and young children is a rare condition with a different pattern of etiology to that seen in older children. The clinical management of such children, in terms of investigation, optical correction, and use of myopia control treatments, is a complex and often multidisciplinary process.

Published
2023

4. Complications, Visual Acuity, and Refractive Error 3 Years after Secondary Intraocular Lens Implantation for Pediatric Aphakia

Author

Freedman, Sharon F., Wallace, David K., Enyedi, Laura B., Prakalapakorn, Sasapin, Jones, Sarah K., Hug, Denise, Stahl, Erin D., Dent, Rebecca J., Kong, Lingkun, Wang, Serena, Gallerson, Bryan K., Hutchinson, Amy K., Lenhart, Phoebe, Brower, Judy, Morrison, David G., Ruark, Scott T., Mets-Halgrimson, Rebecca, Yoon, Hawke, Ralay-Ranaivo, Hantamalala, Hamidullah, Aaliyah, Areaux, Raymond, Anderson, Jill S., Holleschau, Ann M., Superstein, Rosanne, Belanger, Caroline, Fallaha, Nicole, Hamel, Patrick, Thibeault, Maryse, Tamkins, Susanna M., Chang, Ta, Park, Hee-Jung S., Trumler, Anya A., Liu, Xiaonong, Astle, William F., Sanders, Emi N., Traboulsi, Elias, Ghasia, Fatema, McOwen, Diana C., Gray, Michael E., Yang, Michael B., Bowman, Corey S., Galvin, Jennifer, Therriault, Margaret, Smith, Heather, Whitaker, Michele E., Orge, Faruk, Grigorian, Adriana P., Baird, Alicia M., Strominger, Mitchell B., Chen, Vicki, Klein, Shelley, Kemmer, Jacquelyn D., Neiman, Alexandra E., Mendoza, Myra N., Frohwein, Jill J., Bremer, Don, Cassady, Cybil, Golden, Richard, Jordan, Catherine, Rogers, David, Oravec, Sara A., Yanovitch, Tammy L., Lunsford, Keven, Nye, Christina, Shea, Caroline, Stillman, SueAnn M., LaRoche, G. Robert, Van Iderstine, Stephen C., Robertson, Elisa, Cruz, Oscar A., Ghadban, Rafif, Govreau, Dawn, Larson, Scott A., Longmuir, Susannah, Shan, Xiaoyan, Clarke, Michael P., Taylor, Kate, Powell, Christine, Hammond, Benjamin P., Gearinger, Matthew D., Czubinski, Andrea, Hendricks, Dorothy H., Jin, Jing, Salvin, Jonathan H., Fisher, Alicia, Lee, Katherine A., Brooks, Daniel, Schweinler, Bonita R., Sala, Nicholas A., Sala, Allyson M., Summers, Allison I., Karr, Daniel J., Wilson, Lorri B., Rauch, Paula K., O'Hara, Mary, Gandhi, Nandini, Hashmi, Tania, Colburn, Jeffrey, Dittman, Eileen, Whitfill, Charles R., Wheeler, Amy M., McCourt, Emily A., Singh, Jasleen, Welnick, Nanastasia, Azar, Nathalie F., Baker, Joseph, Droste, Patrick J., Peters, Robert J., Hilbrands, Jan, Pineles, Stacy L., Bernardo, Marianne J., Peterson, Edward, Peterson, Charla H., Kumar, Kartik, Melese, Ephrem, Lingua, Robert, Grijalva, Jeff, Crouch, Earl R., jr., Crouch, Earl R., III, Ventura, Gaylord, Anninger, William, Benson, Shawn L., Karp, Karen A., Smith, Jordana M., Brickman-Kelleher, Jill, Ticho, Benjamin H., Khammar, Alexander J., Clausius, Deborah A., Guo, Suquin, Suh, Donny, Chamberlain, Carolyn, Schloff, Susan, Madigan, William P., Burkman, Donna, Christiansen, Stephen P., Ramsey, Jean E., McConnell, Kate H., Friedman, Ilana, Rosado, Jose, Sauberan, Donald P., Hemberger, Jody C., Davis, Patricia L., Rudaitis, Indre, Lowery, Robert S., Cupit, Shawn, Bothun, Erick D., Mohney, Brian G., Wernimont, Suzanne M., Neilsen, Rebecca A., Herlihy, Erin P., Baran, Francine, Gladstone, Amy, Smith, Justin, Mellott, Mei, Kieser, Troy, Erzurum, S. Ayse, Colon, Beth, Shah, Birva, Quebbemann, Micaela, Beck, Roy W., Austin, Darrell S., Boyle, Nicole M., Conner, Courtney L., Chandler, Danielle L., Donahue, Quayleen, Fimbel, Brooke P., Robinson, Julianne L., Hercinovic, Amra, Hoepner, James E., Kaplon, Joseph D., Henderson, Robert J., Melia, B. Michele, Ortiz, Gillaine, Woodard, Victoria C., Stutz, Kathleen M., Sutherland, Desirae R., Wu, Rui, Everett, Donald F., Diener-West, Marie, Baker, John D., Davis, Barry, Phelps, Dale L., Poff, Stephen W., Saunders, Richard A., Tychsen, Lawrence, Bradfield, Yasmin S., Foster, Nicole C., Plager, David A., Salchow, Daniel J., Birch, Eileen E., Manny, Ruth E., Silver, Jayne L., Weise, Katherine K., Verderber, Lisa C., Repka, Michael X., Dean, Trevano W., Kraker, Raymond T., Li, Zhuokai, Yen, Kimberly G., de Alba Campomanes, Alejandra G., Young, Marielle P., Rahmani, Bahram, Haider, Kathryn M., Whitehead, George F., Lambert, Scott R., Kurup, Sudhi P., Kraus, Courtney L., Cotter, Susan A., Holmes, Jonathan M., Hatt, Sarah R., and Traboulsi, Elias I.

Published
2024
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5. The Pediatric Optic Neuritis Prospective Outcomes Study: Two-Year Results.

Author

Pineles, Stacy, Henderson, Robert, Repka, Michael, Heidary, Gena, Liu, Grant, Waldman, Amy, Borchert, Mark, Khanna, Sangeeta, Graves, Jennifer, Collinge, Janine, Conley, Julie, Davis, Patricia, Kraker, Raymond, Cotter, Susan, and Holmes, Jonathan

Subjects
Neuro-ophthalmology, Pediatric ophthalmology, Pediatric optic neuritis, Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Multiple Sclerosis, Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Neuromyelitis Optica, Optic Neuritis, Prospective Studies, Retrospective Studies, Vision Disorders
Abstract

PURPOSE: Pediatric optic neuritis (ON) is a rare disease that has not been well characterized. The Pediatric ON Prospective Outcomes Study (PON1) was the first prospective study to our knowledge aiming to evaluate visual acuity (VA) outcomes, including VA, recurrence risk, and final diagnosis 2 years after enrollment. DESIGN: Nonrandomized observational study at 23 pediatric ophthalmology or neuro-ophthalmology clinics in the United States and Canada. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 28 (64%) of 44 children initially enrolled in PON1 (age 3-

Published
2022

8. Eight-Year Outcomes of Bilateral Lateral Rectus Recessions versus Unilateral Recession-Resection in Childhood Basic-Type Intermittent Exotropia

Author

Miller, Aaron M., Olvera, Maria N., Alexander, Monsey L., Curtin, Kathleen Mary, Dillon, Angela C., Gray, Carole L., Jackson, Jorie L., Qadir, Ximena V., Ramos, Cynthia R., Paysse, Evelyn A., Coats, David K., Yen, Kimberly G., Romany, Gihan, Homann, Melynda J., Kong, Lingkun, Law, Christine, Churchill, Sarah, MacSween, Lesley E., Hoover, Darren L., Huston, Pamela A., Racan, Pamela M., Soros, Kari E., Sala, Nicholas A., Sala, Nicholas Anthony, Johnson, Catherine, Sala, Allyson, Zeto, V. Lori, Donahue, Sean P., Wilkins, Carsyn Saige, Biernacki, Ronald J., Campbell, Megan K., Fraine, Lisa A., Ruark, Scott T., Crouch, Eric, Crouch, Earl R., Jr., Ventura, Gaylord G., Fritz, Carolina Andrea, Anderson, Jill S., Areaux, Raymond G., Jr, Holleschau, Ann M., Harder, Jessica Ann, May, Laura M., Merrill, Kim S., Schweigert, Anna I., Petersen, David B., Pickens, Tori S., McMurtrey, J. Ryan, Morrell, Beth A., Repka, Michael X., Liu, Xiaonong, Christoff, Alex, Silbert, David I., Modjesky, Heather, Woodall, Hayley L., Summers, Allison I., Kuo, Annie F., Wilson, Lorri B., Rauch, Paula, Lee, Jessy, Casey, Grant A., Narain, Srianna, Woodruff, Kevin, Ticho, Benjamin H., Clausius, Deborah A., Allen, Megan, Quebbemann, Micaela N., Shah, Birva K., Bothun, Erick D., Holmes, Jonathan M., Mohney, Brian G., Wernimont, Suzanne M., Czaplewski, Lindsay L., Eastman, Stacy L., Huisman, Jordan Joseph, Klaehn, Lindsay D., Kramer, Andrea M., Kroening, Rose M., Priebe, Debbie M., Wohlers, Moriah A., Jensen, Allison A., Flanagan, Maureen A., Tolbert, Tiffany Talia, Traboulsi, Elias, Ghasia, Fatema F., Meador, Angela M., McOwen, Diana Christine, Enyedi, Laura B., Jones, Sarah K., Kashyap, Namita, Loud, Rachel N., Waters, Amy L., Marsh, Justin D., Bond, Lezlie L., Ariss, Michelle M., Dent, Rebecca J., Phillips, Paul H., Lowery, Robert Scott, Haley, Wendy Jean, Brown, Shaina, Colon, Beth, Cupit, Shawn L., Holtorf, Hannah L., Sanders, Hayley Elizabeth, Bowsher, James D., Cheeseman, Edward W., Weas, Nikki M., Bradham, Carol U., Rahmani, Bahram, Ranaivo, Hantamalala Ralay, Cruz, Karla G., De Leon, Erika A., Klauer, Anthony Jeffrey, Tzanetakos, Vivian, McCoy Vrablec, Laura, Orge, Faruk H., Richards, Leslie, Baird, Alicia Marie, Glaser, Stephen R., Yost, Kasey L., Flores, Odalis R., Herlihy, Erin P., Taira, Alyssa, Alexander, Jessica, Gladstone, Amy, Kiens, Bridget Ann, Tews, Lyndsey A., Whitehead, George F., Shea, Caroline J., Stillman, SueAnn Marie, Nye, Christina N., Bartiss, Michael John, McGaw, Tennille F., Davis, Patricia L., Hulett, Katie R., Twite, Jacqueline, Bradfield, Yasmin S., Adler, Angela M., Anderson, Kristin A., Kraker, Raymond T., Beck, Roy W., Austin, Darrell S., Boyle, Nicole M., Chandler, Danielle L., Connelly, Patricia L., Conner, Courtney L., Donahue, Quayle, Fimbel, Brooke P., Henderson, Robert J., Hoepner, James E., Kaplon, Joseph D., Melia, B. Michele, Ortiz, Gillaine, Robinson, Julianne L., Stutz, Kathleen M., Sutherland, Desirae R., Toro, David O., Woodard, Victoria C., Wu, Rui, Cotter, Susan A., Birch, Eileen E., Christiansen, Stephen P., Hatt, Sarah R., Leske, David A., Melia, Michele, O’Hara, Mary, Pang, Yi, Romanchuck, Kenneth, Tamkins, Susanna M., Wallace, David K., Wheeler, David T., Bhatt, Amit, Chen, Angela M., Cheung, Nathan L., Cobb, Patricia, Colon, Beth J., Crouch, Eric R., Dean, Trevano W., Erzurum, S. Ayse, Esposito, Christina A., Fang, Caroline C., Gray, Michael E., Gunton, Kammi B., Hopkins, Kristine B., Jastrzembski, Benjamin G., Jenewein, Erin C., Jordan, Catherine O., Kraus, Courtney, Kurup, Sudhi P., Lazar, Elizabeth L., Li, Zhuokai, Lorenzana, Ingryd, McDowell, Paula S., Morrison, Ann M., Morrison, David G., Nylin, Elyse, Parker, Sue M., Patel, Reena, Plaumann, Maureen D., Pollack, Karen, Raghuram, Aparna, Retnasothie, Dashaini V., Roberts, Tawna L., Scheiman, Mitchell M., Shah, Veeral S., Superstein, Rosanne, Titelbaum, Jenna R., Vricella, Marilyn, Yamada, Tomohiko, Astle, William F., Christian, Melanie L., Everett, Donald F., Freedman, Sharon F., Good, William V., Lambert, Scott R., Lee, Katherine A., London, Richard, Manh, Vivian M., Manny, Ruth E., Pineles, Stacy L., Rogers, David L., Schweinler, Bonita R., Silver, Jayne L., Suh, Donny W., Verderber, Lisa C., Weise, Katherine K., Diener-West, Marie, Baker, John D., Davis, Barry, Higgins, Rosemary D., Poff, Stephen W., Saunders, Richard A., and Tychsen, Lawrence

Published
2024
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9. A Randomized Clinical Trial of Immediate Versus Delayed Glasses for Moderate Hyperopia in Children 3 to 5 Years of Age.

Author

Holmes, Jonathan, Kulp, Marjean, Dean, Trevano, Suh, Donny, Kraker, Raymond, Wallace, David, Petersen, David, Cotter, Susan, Crouch, Earl, Lorenzana, Ingryd, Ticho, Benjamin, Verderber, Lisa, and Weise, Katherine

Subjects
Child, Preschool, Depth Perception, Eyeglasses, Female, Humans, Hyperopia, Male, Prospective Studies, Strabismus, Time-to-Treatment, Vision, Binocular, Visual Acuity
Abstract

PURPOSE: To compare visual acuity (VA) and binocularity outcomes in moderately hyperopic children with normal VA and binocularity assigned to glasses versus observation. DESIGN: Prospective randomized clinical trial (RCT). METHODS: One hundred nineteen 3- to 5-year-old children with hyperopia between +3.00D and +6.00D spherical equivalent were randomly assigned to glasses versus observation (with glasses prescribed if deteriorated for subnormal distance VA or near stereoacuity, or manifest strabismus). Follow-up occurred every 6 months. At 3 years, the treatment strategy was classified as failed if any of the following were met, both with and without correction: subnormal distance VA or stereoacuity; manifest strabismus; or strabismus surgery during follow-up. RESULTS: Of 84 (71%) children who completed the primary outcome examination, failure occurred in five (12%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4%-26%) of 41 assigned to glasses and four (9%; 95% CI: 3%-22%) of 43 assigned to observation (difference = 3%; 95% CI: -12%-18%; P = .72). Deterioration prior to 3 years (requiring glasses per protocol) occurred in 29% (95% CI: 19%-43%) assigned to glasses and 27% (95% CI: 17%-42%) assigned to observation. CONCLUSIONS: In an RCT comparing glasses to observation for moderately hyperopic 3- to 5-year-old children with normal VA and binocularity, failure for VA or binocularity was not common. With insufficient enrollment and retention, our study was unable to determine whether immediate glasses prescription reduces failure rate, but low failure rates suggest that immediate glasses prescription for these children may not be needed to prevent failure for VA and/or binocularity.

Published
2019

10. One‐year follow‐up of clinical convergence measures in children enrolled in the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial—Attention and Reading Trial.

Author

Morrison, Ann M., Kulp, Marjean T., Cotter, Susan A., Scheiman, Mitchell M., Jenewein, Erin C., Roberts, Tawna L., Mitchell, G. Lynn, Arnold, L. Eugene, Retnasothi, Dashaini, Bade, Annette, Hertle, Richard, Borsting, Eric, Cooper, Jeffrey, Schulman, Erica, Hamian, Kimberly, Iacono, Danielle, Larson, Steven, Leung, Valerie, Meeder, Sara, and Ramos, Elaine

Subjects
VISUAL training, READING, PERCENTILES, SUCCESS
Abstract

Purpose: To assess the long‐term stability of clinical measures of convergence (near point of convergence [NPC] and positive fusional vergence [PFV]) in participants enrolled in the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial‐Attention and Reading Trial (CITT‐ART) who received 16 weeks of office‐based vergence/accommodative therapy. Methods: A total of 310 children, 9–14 years old, with symptomatic convergence insufficiency were enrolled in CITT‐ART. Some 270 completed both their 16‐week primary outcome visit followed by a 1‐year follow‐up visit. Of those 270, 181 (67%) were randomised to the vergence/accommodative therapy. Of the 181 in the vergence/accommodative group, 121 (67%) reported not receiving any additional treatment after the 16‐week primary outcome visit. The mean change in NPC, PFV and percentages of children classified by the predetermined success criteria of convergence (normal NPC [<6 cm] and/or improved by ≥4 cm; normal PFV [passing Sheard's criterion and base‐out break >15Δ] and/or improved by ≥10Δ) were compared at the 16‐week primary outcome visit and 1 year later. Results: Of the 121 who returned for their 1‐year follow‐up visit, there was no significant change in mean adjusted NPC (reduction of −0.2 cm; 95% CI: −1.0 to 0.5 cm) at 1 year. There was a statistically significant decrease in mean‐adjusted PFV (−4.7∆; 95% CI: −6.5 to −2.8Δ) at 1 year. There were similar percentages of participants classified as 'normal' (p = 0.30), 'normal and/or improved' (p > 0.50) and 'normal and improved' (p > 0.14) based on NPC and PFV at the 1‐year visit compared with the 16‐week primary outcome visit. Conclusion: The improvements in NPC and PFV following 16 weeks of vergence/accommodative therapy (with no reported additional treatment thereafter) in children with symptomatic convergence insufficiency persisted 1‐year post‐treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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11. Novel Quantitative Contrast Sensitivity Function Enhances the Prediction of Treatment Outcome and Recurrence in Amblyopia

Author

Liu, Jing, primary, Huang, Chencui, additional, Cotter, Susan A., additional, Chan, Lily Y. L., additional, Yu, Yizhou, additional, Jia, Yu, additional, Ye, Qingqing, additional, Feng, Lei, additional, Yao, Ying, additional, Jiang, Rengang, additional, Xiao, Chutong, additional, Xu, Zixuan, additional, Zhuang, Yijing, additional, He, Yunsi, additional, Zhou, Yusong, additional, Chen, Xiaolan, additional, Yuan, Junpeng, additional, Wen, Yun, additional, Yu, Wentong, additional, Pang, Yangfei, additional, Lu, Zhong-Lin, additional, Thompson, Benjamin, additional, and Li, Jinrong, additional

Published
2024
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13. Doses of medial rectus muscle recessions for divergence insufficiency-type esotropia

Author

Miller, Aaron M., primary, Holmes, Jonathan M., additional, Wu, Rui, additional, Kraker, Raymond T., additional, Crouch, Eric R., additional, Lee, Katherine A., additional, Del Monte, Monte A., additional, Marsh, Justin D., additional, Kraus, Courtney L., additional, Wallace, David K., additional, Colburn, Jeffrey D., additional, Kemp, Pavlina S., additional, Cotter, Susan A., additional, Beck, Roy W., additional, Alvarez, Gillaine, additional, Austin, Darrell S., additional, Boyle, Nicole M., additional, Chandler, Danielle L., additional, Connelly, Patricia L., additional, Conner, Courtney L., additional, Dean, Trevano W., additional, Donahue, Quayleen, additional, Fimbel, Brooke P., additional, Henderson, Robert J., additional, Hercinovic, Amra, additional, Hoepner, James E., additional, Kaplon, Joseph D., additional, Li, Zhuokai, additional, Melia, B. Michele, additional, Robinson, Julianne L., additional, Shah, Jennifer A., additional, Toro, David O., additional, Jenewein, Erin C., additional, Felius, Joost, additional, Collins, Megan E., additional, Leske, David A., additional, Astle, William F., additional, Birch, Eileen E., additional, Chen, Angela M., additional, Christian, Melanie L., additional, Christiansen, Stephen P., additional, Crouch, Earl R., additional, Donahue, Sean P., additional, Enyedi, Laura B., additional, Erzurum, S. Ayse, additional, Everett, Donald F., additional, Freedman, Sharon F., additional, Good, William V., additional, Lambert, Scott R., additional, London, Richard, additional, Manh, Vivian M., additional, Manny, Ruth E., additional, Morrison, David G., additional, Pineles, Stacy L., additional, Ranaivo, Hantamalala Ralay, additional, Repka, Michael X., additional, Ruark, Scott T., additional, Schweinler, Bonita R., additional, Silver, Jayne L., additional, Summers, Allison I., additional, Verderber, Lisa C., additional, and Weise, Katherine K., additional

Published
2024
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15. Effects of vision therapy on near exodeviation in children with convergence insufficiency treated during the convergence insufficiency treatment trials.

Author

Schulman, Erica, Scheiman, Mitchell, Kulp, Marjean T., Roberts, Tawna L., Cotter, Susan, Sinnott, Loraine T., and Toole, Andrew

Subjects
VISUAL training, TREATMENT effectiveness
Abstract

Purpose: To report the change in the magnitude of near exodeviation in children with symptomatic convergence insufficiency successfully treated with office‐based vergence/accommodative therapy in the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial–Attention and Reading Trial. Methods: A total of 131 children 9–14 years of age with symptomatic convergence insufficiency classified as successfully treated with office‐based vergence/accommodative therapy at the 16‐week outcome visit were included. Masked examiners measured the near ocular deviation by the prism and alternate cover test at baseline, primary outcome and 1‐year post‐treatment. The mean change in near deviation was calculated from baseline to primary outcome, from primary outcome to 1‐year post‐treatment and from baseline to 1‐year post‐treatment. Results: Of the 131 participants successfully treated with vergence/accommodative therapy, 120 completed the 1‐year post‐treatment visit. A significant change in near exodeviation was observed at baseline to primary outcome (2.6Δ less exo, p < 0.001, moderate effect size d = 0.61) and at baseline to 1‐year post‐treatment (2.0Δ less exo; p < 0.001, small effect size d = 0.45). The change from primary outcome to 1‐year post‐treatment (0.6Δ more exo; p = 0.06, small effect size d = 0.11) was not significant. Forty per cent (48/120) of participants had a decrease in near exodeviation >3.5∆ (expected test/retest variability) between baseline and the primary outcome examination. Of the 120 participants, one (1.0%) was esophoric at the primary outcome and was subsequently exophoric at 1‐year post‐treatment. Four participants (3.3%) who were orthophoric or exophoric at the primary outcome were esophoric (all ≤3∆) at the 1‐year post‐treatment visit. Conclusion: On average, the near exodeviation was smaller in size immediately after the discontinuation of vergence/accommodative therapy (2.6∆, moderate effect size) and 1 year post vergence/accommodative therapy (2.0∆, small effect size) in children with convergence insufficiency who were successfully treated; 40% had a clinically meaningful decrease in exophoria. The development of near esophoria was rare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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30. Improved control of intermittent exotropia with part-time patching

Author

Hatt, Sarah R., primary, Kraker, Raymond T., additional, Leske, David A., additional, Chandler, Danielle L., additional, Fallaha, Nicolle, additional, Mohney, Brian G., additional, Ticho, Benjamin H., additional, Li, Zhuokai, additional, Cotter, Susan A., additional, and Holmes, Jonathan M., additional

Published
2023
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32. Amblyopia Preferred Practice Pattern

Author

Cruz, Oscar A., primary, Repka, Michael X., additional, Hercinovic, Amra, additional, Cotter, Susan A., additional, Lambert, Scott R., additional, Hutchinson, Amy K., additional, Sprunger, Derek T., additional, Morse, Christie L., additional, and Wallace, David K., additional

Published
2022
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33. Low- and Very Low-Dose Bevacizumab for Retinopathy of Prematurity

Author

Freedman, Sharon F., primary, Hercinovic, Amra, additional, Wallace, David K., additional, Kraker, Raymond T., additional, Li, Zhuokai, additional, Bhatt, Amit R., additional, Boente, Charline S., additional, Crouch, Eric R., additional, Hubbard, G. Baker, additional, Rogers, David L., additional, VanderVeen, Deborah, additional, Yang, Michael B., additional, Cheung, Nathan L., additional, Cotter, Susan A., additional, Holmes, Jonathan M., additional, Freedman, Sharon F., additional, Prakalapakorn, Sasapin G., additional, Jones, Sarah K., additional, Barman, Navajyoti R., additional, House, Robert J., additional, Nasrazadani, David A., additional, Crouch, Eric, additional, Crouch, Earl R., additional, Ventura, Gaylord G., additional, Dosunmu, Eniolami O., additional, Gray, Michael E., additional, Motley, William W., additional, Castleberry, Katherine, additional, Cobb, Patricia, additional, Hirsch, Patricia, additional, Reed, Melissa, additional, Sandoval, Monica A., additional, Vallabh, Neil, additional, Bremer, Don.L., additional, Golden, Richard P., additional, Jordan, Catherine O., additional, McGregor, Mary Lou, additional, Reem, Rachel E., additional, Schreckengost, Amanda N., additional, Maletic, Sara A., additional, Miller, Rachel T., additional, Coats, David K., additional, Romany, Gihan, additional, Demmy, Ann B., additional, Kong, Lingkun X., additional, Hartnett, Mary E., additional, Dries, David C., additional, Hoffman, Robert O., additional, Allman, Susan, additional, Farnsworth, Katie J., additional, Hart, Barbara, additional, Ordonez, Kelliann, additional, Hutchinson, Amy K., additional, Hubbard, George B., additional, Rao, Prethy, additional, Robinson, Joshua E., additional, Brower, Judy L., additional, Haider, Kathryn M., additional, Smith, Heather A., additional, Hynes, Elizabeth A., additional, Whitaker, Michele E., additional, VanderVeen, Deborah K., additional, Mantagos, Jason S., additional, Wu, Carolyn, additional, Goldstein, Samantha, additional, Winter, Tamar, additional, Yoon, Grace X., additional, Siatkowski, R. Michael, additional, Collinge, Janine E., additional, Satnes, Kelli J., additional, Blunt, Michelle H., additional, Repka, Michael X., additional, Kraus, Courtney, additional, Shepard, Jennifer A., additional, Beck, Roy W., additional, Austin, Darrell S., additional, Boyle, Nicole M., additional, Chandler, Danielle L., additional, Connelly, Patricia L., additional, Conner, Courtney L., additional, Donahue, Quayleen, additional, Fimbel, Brooke P., additional, Henderson, Robert J., additional, Hoepner, James E., additional, Kaplon, Joseph D., additional, Melia, B. Michele, additional, Ortiz, Gillaine, additional, Robinson, Julianne L., additional, Stutz, Kathleen M., additional, Sutherland, Desirae R., additional, Toro, David O., additional, Woodard, Victoria C., additional, Wu, Rui, additional, Birch, Eileen E., additional, Chen, Angela M., additional, Christiansen, Stephen P., additional, Enyedi, Laura B., additional, Erzurum, S. Ayse, additional, Everett, Donald F., additional, Good, William V., additional, Jenewein, Erin C., additional, Lee, Katherine A., additional, London, Richard, additional, Manh, Vivian M., additional, Manny, Ruth E., additional, Morrell, Beth A., additional, Morrison, David G., additional, Petersen, David B., additional, Pineles, Stacy L., additional, Ranaivo, Hantamalala Ralay, additional, Roberts, Tawna L., additional, Ruark, Scott T., additional, Schweinler, Bonita R., additional, Silver, Jayne L., additional, Suh, Donny W., additional, Summers, Allison I., additional, Verderber, Lisa C., additional, Weise, Katherine K., additional, Diener-West, Marie, additional, Baker, John D., additional, Davis, Barry, additional, Phelps, Dale L., additional, Poff, Stephen W., additional, Saunders, Richard A., additional, and Tychsen, Lawrence, additional

Published
2022
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34. Low-Dose 0.01% Atropine Eye Drops vs Placebo for Myopia Control: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Author

Repka, Michael X., Weise, Katherine K., Chandler, Danielle L., Wu, Rui, Melia, B. Michele, Manny, Ruth E., Kehler, Lori Ann F., Jordan, Catherine O., Raghuram, Aparna, Summers, Allison I., Lee, Katherine A., Petersen, David B., Erzurum, S. A., Pang, Yi, Lenhart, Phoebe D., Ticho, Benjamin H., Beck, Roy W., Kraker, Raymond T., Holmes, Jonathan M., and Cotter, Susan A.

Published
2023
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36. Two-year ocular and developmental outcomes of a phase 1 dosing study of bevacizumab for retinopathy of prematurity

Author

Wallace, David K., primary, Hercinovic, Amra, additional, Freedman, Sharon F., additional, Crouch, Eric R., additional, Bhatt, Amit R., additional, Hartnett, M. Elizabeth, additional, Yang, Michael B., additional, Rogers, David L., additional, Hutchinson, Amy K., additional, Good, William V., additional, Repka, Michael X., additional, Kraker, Raymond T., additional, Cotter, Susan A., additional, and Holmes, Jonathan M., additional

Published
2022
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42. A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial of Base-in Relieving Prism Spectacle Treatment of Intermittent Exotropia

Author

Summers, Allison I., Morrison, David G., Chandler, Danielle L., Henderson, Robert J., Chen, Angela M., Leske, David A., Walker, Kimberly R., Li, Zhuokai, Melia, B. Michele, Bitner, Derek P., Kurup, Sudhi P., Allen, Megan, Phillips, Paul H., Nash, David L., Grigorian, Adriana P., Kraus, Courtney L., Miller, Aaron M., Titelbaum, Jenna R., Kraker, Raymond T., Holmes, Jonathan M., and Cotter, Susan A.

Published
2023
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44. A Randomized Trial of Binocular Dig Rush Game Treatment for Amblyopia in Children Aged 4 to 6 Years of Age

Author

Manny, Ruth E., primary, Holmes, Jonathan M., additional, Kraker, Raymond T., additional, Li, Zhuokai, additional, Waters, Amy L., additional, Kelly, Krista R., additional, Kong, Lingkun, additional, Crouch, Earl R., additional, Lorenzana, Ingryd J., additional, Alkharashi, Maan S., additional, Galvin, Jennifer A., additional, Rice, Melissa L., additional, Melia, B. Michele, additional, and Cotter, Susan A., additional

Published
2022
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45. Vergence/accommodative therapy for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children: Time course of improvements in convergence function.

Author

Jenewein, Erin C., Cotter, Susan, Roberts, Tawna, Kulp, Marjean, Mitchell, G. Lynn, Jones‐Jordan, Lisa A., Chen, Angela M., Hopkins, Kristine, Huang, Kristine, Amster, Deborah, Fecho, Gregory, Tyler, Julie, Meiyeppen, Shivakhaami, Scheiman, Mitchell, Cooper, Jeffrey, Schulman, Erica, Hamian, Kimberly, Iacono, Danielle, Larson, Steven, and Leung, Valerie

Subjects
*INTRAVENOUS therapy, *ANALYSIS of variance
Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the time course of improvements in clinical convergence measures for children with symptomatic convergence insufficiency treated with office‐based vergence/accommodative therapy. Methods: We evaluated convergence measures from 205, 9‐ to 14‐year‐old children with symptomatic convergence insufficiency randomised to office‐based vergence/accommodative therapy in the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial – Attention and Reading Trial (CITT‐ART). Near‐point of convergence (NPC) and near‐positive fusional vergence (PFV) were measured at baseline and after 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of therapy; mean change in NPC and PFV between these time points were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance. Rates of change in NPC and PFV from: (1) baseline to 4 weeks and (2) 4–16 weeks were calculated. For each time point, the proportion of participants to first meet the normal criterion for NPC (<6 cm), PFV blur (break if no blur; >15Δ and >2 times the exodeviation) and convergence composite (NPC and PFV both normal) were calculated. Results: The greatest change in NPC and PFV (7.6 cm and 12.7 Δ) and the fastest rate of improvement in NPC and PFV (1.9 cm/week and 3.2 Δ/week, respectively) were both found during the first 4 weeks of therapy, with both slowing over the subsequent 12 weeks. After 12 weeks of therapy, the NPC, PFV and convergence composite were normal in 93.2%, 91.7% and 87.8% of participants, respectively, and normalised with another 4 weeks of therapy in 4.4%, 2.0% and 4.4% of participants, respectively. Conclusion: Although the greatest improvements in NPC and PFV occurred in the first 4 weeks of therapy, most participants had weekly improvements over the subsequent 12 weeks of treatment. While most children with convergence insufficiency obtained normal convergence following 12 weeks of therapy, an additional 4 weeks of vergence/accommodative therapy may be beneficial for some participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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48. Recognize distinctions in women's eye health

Author

Autry, Jill, Shechtman, Diana, Cotter, Susan A., and Sclafani, Louise

Subjects
Eye diseases -- Care and treatment, Age factors in disease -- Research, Health
Abstract

Some issues, both ocular and systemic, have a greater impact on women than men. Learn to identify when the difference can affect how you practice. Women often have different medical [...]

Published
2015

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