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The article analyzes the organizational and legal prerequisites and the process of reorganization of the administrative and territorial system and the formation of local self-government on the territory of Subcarpathian Rus (Transcarpathia) during the first half of the 20s of the 20th century. It was established that the system of administrative and territorial organization of the region was formed gradually, undergoing minor changes at the initial stage. At this stage, the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic in the former Hungarian lands (Piedkarpattia) not only adopted the existing Hungarian administrative system to a certain extent, but also partially adapted it to its needs. It has been analyzed that instead of Czechoslovak committees under Law No. 126/1920, the old Hungarian committee administration, modified by Law No. 210/1920 and Government Decree No. 476/1920, remained in force in Subcarpathian Rus. It was established that after the recognition of the invalidity of the Committee Law No. 126/1920 and the unsuccessful attempt to introduce Government Decree No. 352/1920 in Subcarpathian Rus, the government of the Czech Republic began to be interested in the centralization of power in the region. It is noted that the resolution of the Presidium of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Czechoslovakia No. 22093 dated August 26, 1921 approved a new administrative-territorial system with a division into three counties and 19 districts. The cities of Uzhhorod and Mukachevo were declared settlements with a regulated magistrate. It is proven that the limitation of local self-government was based on government decree No. 171/1923, the principle norm of which was the appointment of new district notaries, who became civil servants supervising self-government. Corresponding conclusions were made regarding the support by the state authorities of the Czechoslovak Republic of the principle of vertical subordination of self-government bodies, especially city ones, which even illusory did not correspond to the principles of the autonomous organization of the region stipulated by the Saint-Germain Peace Treaty [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Source segregation of food waste is one of the major challenges that inhibit food waste recycling around the world. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the local authority to implement regulations and encourage an increase in the source separation of food waste within both commercial premises and households, and identifying any gaps that exist in public awareness. Method This study was conducted by the Cork County Council in 568 commercial premises and 1362 houses in County Cork, Ireland. This study also included investigations of public and private civic amenity sites and waste collectors that collect kerb side waste located within the region. The intervieweeâs responses were documented and a database has been prepared and analyzed. Results Integrated strategy is crucial to roll out food waste bin within a community for successful implementation of source segregation of food waste. This strategy should involve a dedicated team from the local authority who continue to visit, monitor and co-ordinate the activities of local authorities, waste collectors, civic amenity sites and public to implement and enforce the food waste regulations. In addition to organizing appropriate infrastructure for recycling of food waste, continuous awareness raising through education, leaflets and local and national media is also crucial. Conclusion The role of local authorities should include facilitating the development of appropriate facilities such as composting, anaerobic digestion within communities and to encourage communities to take ownership of these facilities and reuse the resultant material within the local area.

This micro-research allowed the highlighting of the organizational particularities, from a territorial and functional point of view, of the deliberative bodies of the public administration at the level of Suceava County in Romania and Briceni District in the Republic of Moldova. Suceava County Council is a public authority that operates at the county level with the aim of managing the activity of communal, municipal and city councils for the provision of county public services. The Briceni Rayon Council is the representative and deliberative authority of the rayon population, its subdivisions implementing public policies in the fields of education, social assistance, finance, culture, tourism, agriculture, economy, construction and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to shed light on a new phenomenon in the media landscape, namely public organisations taking on the role of news producers. The analysis focuses on the digital news site VGRfokus, which is run by the Swedish county council Region Västra Götaland (VGR). The articulated goal of VGRfocus is to fill a perceived news gap in the county. Using previous literature on hyperlocal media as a lens for the analysis, we discuss how a regional news outlet produced by a public organisation can be characterised and understood. Based on our case study, we show that, while VGRfokus partly resembles other newcomers, it also has features that make it a very special news producer. This distinctiveness relates in particular to the fact that VGRfokus is part of a large, public organisation and holds ambitions to promote the work of the county council and represent its geographical area. This places issues concerning trustworthiness and credibility at the centre of the discussion and raises questions about democratic implications.

The present paper presents the results of a pilot study conducted in one county council from Romania (Neam? County Council) aiming to explore the civil servants' perception of the leadership styles practiced by the top executives (Directors/General Directors/Deputy Executive Directors/Executive Directors), as well as about their capacity of building employees' resilience. The research methodology consists of an opinion survey that was conducted using a questionnaire designed by the author. The research started from the theories of Burns (1978), Bass and Avolio (1985) about Transformational, Transactional, and Laissez-Faire leadership styles. The main objective is to investigate the potential relationship between leadership and civil servants' resilience, considering a series of factors that could negatively influence civil servants' careers. The respondents were asked to express their opinion regarding the attitudes and behaviors of the studied leaders in 40 situations, aiming to observe which are the most exhibited leadership behaviors. Leaders' capacity to build civil servants' resilience was measured from four perspectives: leaders' attitudes towards personal problems, leaders' attitudes towards professional issues, leaders' attitudes concerning financial issues affecting the institution, and the attitudes concerning management changes. The research revealed that the studied leaders exhibited mostly transformational behaviors, but also transactional characteristics, to a high extent. The results also showed that the top executives had a high capacity of building employees' resilience being perceived as supportive and understanding leaders, who helped their subordinates to overpass the problematic moments from their careers. The research will be further continued in all Romanian County Councils with the purpose of studying civil servants' resilience as an impact factor for public institutions' resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Source segregation of food waste is one of the major challenges that inhibit food waste recycling around the world. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the local authority to implement regulations and encourage an increase in the source separation of food waste within both commercial premises and households, and identifying any gaps that exist in public awareness. Methods: This study was conducted by the Cork County Council in 568 commercial premises and 1362 houses in County Cork, Ireland. This study also included investigations of public and private civic amenity sites and waste collectors that collect kerb side waste located within the region. The interviewee's responses were documented and a database has been prepared and analysed. Results: Integrated strategy is crucial to roll out food waste bin within a community for successful implementation of source segregation of food waste. This strategy should involve a dedicated team from the local authority who continue to visit, monitor and co-ordinate the activities of local authorities, waste collectors, civic amenity sites and public to implement and enforce the food waste regulations. In addition to organising appropriate infrastructure for recycling of food waste, continuous awareness raising through education, leaflets and local and national media is also crucial. Conclusion: The role of local authorities should include facilitating the development of appropriate facilities such as composting, anaerobic digestion within communities and to encourage communities to take ownership of these facilities and reuse the resultant material within the local area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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