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Flagelliflory refers to the production of inflorescences exclusively on long, whip-like branches which emerge from the main trunk and extend along the ground or below it. It is the rarest type of cauliflory and only a few cases have been reported in the world. Here, a new species of Annonaceae with flagelliflory is described and illustrated. The phylogenetic relationships of the new species were inferred using a hybrid-capture phylogenomic approach and we present some notes on its reproductive ecology and pollen characteristics. The new species, namely Desmopsis terriflora sp. nov., is part of a clade composed of Mexican species of Stenanona with long, awned petals. Desmopsis terriflora is distinguished by its flageliflorous inflorescences, basely fused sepals, thick red petals, reduced number of ovules per carpel, pollen grains with a weakly rugulate to fossulate exine ornamentation, and its globose, apiculate fruits with a woody testa. The morphological characteristics of the flagella suggest that these are specialized branches rather than inflorescences, and the absence of ramiflory implies an exclusively reproductive function. The flowers are infrequently visited by insects, their potential pollinators being flies and ants.

2. Valeriana yacuriensis Sklenář & B.Eriksen, sp. nov. — Figures 1 D–E, 2 F–J Type: ECUADOR. Loja: Cordillera las Lagunillas (de Sabanilla), paramo de las Lagunas Negras [Parque Nacional Yacurí], S4° 42’ 36’’, W79° 25’ 44’’, 3500 m, 16 June 2009 (fl), P. Sklenar, J. Mackova, & P. Macek 12053 (holotype PRC; isotypes GB-0210434, QCA-188696). Shrubs to 40 cm tall, branched stems ascending to erect, terete, to 4.1 mm in diameter. Leaves numerous, wellspaced basally but becoming densely clustered in the upper part of the branches; the petiole persistent, triangular, flat, sheathing, 1.6–1.7 mm broad basally, ca 2.2 mm long, green distally, whitish-brown with violet streaks basally when young, sparsely ciliate along the margins; the lamina spreading, glossy-green, tubercled, glabrous, flat to shallowly canaliculate towards the petiole, grooved adaxially, ca 0.3 mm thick, oblong to obovate, 4.6–6.3 × 1.7–2.1 mm, the apex obtuse, the margin entire, rarely with a few cilia basally. Inflorescence capitoid, 6–20-flowered, sessile, the bracts leaf-like, ovate, 0.8–1.6 x 2.8–3.8 mm, acute. Flowers gynodioecious; calyx vestigial; corolla white, 3-lobed, narrowly funnelform, the tube to 4.2 mm long, the lobes triangular, 1.3–1.7 × 0.9–1.4 mm, spreading and recurved, the apex obtuse; stamens exserted to 2.1 mm, spreading, the thecae 0.35–0.46 mm long; pistil with the style exserted to 2.7 mm, 3-parted, the branches ca 0.15 mm long. Fruits unknown. Additional specimens examined: ECUADOR. Loja: Parque Nacional Yacurí, around the upper Laguna Negra, W79°25’27”, S04°42’51”, 3325 m, 7 November 2018, Sklenar P., Ptacek J., Klimesova J., Klimes A. 15684 (PRC, QCA-241671). Valeriana yacuriensis is distinguished from the other 3-lobed species of Valeriana in Ecuador and northern Peru by the shrubby habit and petiolate leaves which are distinctly clustered apically. Valeriana imbricata Killip (1928: 501) and V. plateadensis are shrubs but have (sub)sessile, closely imbricate leaves which are persistent throughout the stem, whereas V. xenophylloides (described below) is cushion-forming. Distribution and habitat:— Valeriana yacuriensis was collected twice at the type locality, i.e., in humid paramo grasslands with scattered shrubs around the Laguna Negra in the Parque Nacional Yacurí (Figure 3B). Since the locality occurs at the Ecuador-Peruvian border, the occurrence of the species in the latter country is likely. Conservation status: Data deficient (DD); as Valeriana yacuriensis has only been collected twice from the type locality it is obvious that more field work is needed in order to assess the conservation status according to the IUCN criteria properly (IUCN 2022). Phenology: Flowers were observed in July and November which indicates that the population of the species has a very extended (perhaps continuous) period of flowering. Etymology: The epithet refers to the name of the Parque Nacional Yacurí where the species was found., Published as part of Persson, Claes, Eriksen, Bente, Pérez, Álvaro J., Zapata, J. Nicolás, Couvreur, Thomas L. P. & Sklenář, Petr, 2023, Three new species of Valeriana (Valerianoideae, Caprifoliaceae) from southern Ecuador, pp. 47-53 in Phytotaxa 579 (1) on pages 49-51, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.579.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7532106, {"references":["Killip, E. P. (1928) Seven new species of Valeriana. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 18: 498 - 501.","IUCN (2022) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria. Version 15.1. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: https: // www. iucnredlist. org / resources / redlistguidelines (accessed 12 December 2022)"]}

3. Valeriana xenophylloides Sklenář & B.Eriksen, sp. nov. — Figures 1 F–G, 2 K–O Type: ECUADOR. Azuay: Páramo de Patococha, road Gualaceo-Limón, to the south of the military antennas, W78°40’09’’, S03°02’ 02’’, 3400 m, 1 November 2018 (fl), P. Sklenar, Klimes A. 15580 (holotype PRC; isotype QCA-242019). Plants forming semi-globose cushions to 30 cm large. Stems terete, woody, 1.5–1.9 mm in diameter near the base, the upper branches 1.6–2.1 mm in diameter including leaves. Leaves numerous, persistent, only the terminal ones green; petiole white to pale brown with violet streaks, flat, appressed, to 3.7 mm long and 0.5 mm broad, ciliate along the margins; lamina erect to spreading, glossy-green, tubercled, flat to semi-terete, to 0.5 mm thick, narrowly ovate, 1.5–1.9 × 0.6–0.9 mm, the apex obtuse, crowned with (4–)6–8(–11) spreading to erect pellucid trichomes to 0.8 mm long. Inflorescences capitoid, 1–3-flowered, (sub)sessile with the peduncles to 0.5 mm long, the outer bracts leaf-like, ovate, 1.4–1.9 × 0.8–1.2 mm, the inner bracts oblong, 1.2–1.7 × 0.5–0.8 mm, both type of bracts ciliate along the margins and with a few pellucid trichomes at the apex. Flowers gynodioecious; calyx vestigial; corolla white, 3-lobed, funnelform, the tube 1.4–1.8 mm long, the lobes spreading, triangular to ovate, obtuse, 0.9–1.3 × 0.7–1 mm; stamens exserted and spreading, the thecae oblong, 0.16–0.24 mm long; pistil with the style exserted to 1.5 mm, 2-parted, the branches to 0.13 mm long. Fruits unknown. Among the high-elevation species of Valeriana from the tropical Andes, the cushion habit is also present in V. aschersoniana Graebner (1945: 37) from Peru and V. aretioides Kunth (1819: 324) from Ecuador – Colombia (Weberling & Uhlarz 1977, Eriksen 1989). However, both species have typically 5-lobed corollas, although flowers are occasionally 3–4-lobed in V. aschersoniana (Weberling & Stützel 2006) and 4-lobed in V. aretioides (Eriksen 1989), and leaf laminas lack the distinct crown of trichomes at the apex (Weberling & Uhlarz 1977), which provides the cushions of V. xenophylloides a slightly silvery-white appearance. Moreover, the flowers of V. aretioides are yellow. Confusion with other species of Valeriana is unlikely. Distribution and habitat:— Valeriana xenophylloides was collected only once in a very humid bamboo-shrub páramo of southern Ecuador. It grew in patches of open vegetation on wet slopes with a rich cover of bryophytes and lichens (Figure 3C). Only a few individual cushions were observed but more plants can be expected to occur at higher elevations. Conservation status: Data deficient (DD); as only a few individuals have been observed from one locality more field work is needed to assess the conservation status according to the IUCN criteria properly (IUCN 2022). Phenology: Flowers were collected in November. Etymology: The habit of Valeriana xenophylloides resembles Xenophyllum humile (Kunth) (1820: 150) Funk (1997: 239), a distinct cushion-forming Asteraceae species which is commonly found in the paramos of Ecuador and the epithet of the new species refers to this resemblance., Published as part of Persson, Claes, Eriksen, Bente, Pérez, Álvaro J., Zapata, J. Nicolás, Couvreur, Thomas L. P. & Sklenář, Petr, 2023, Three new species of Valeriana (Valerianoideae, Caprifoliaceae) from southern Ecuador, pp. 47-53 in Phytotaxa 579 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.579.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7532106, {"references":["Kunth, K. S. (1819) Nova Genera et Species Plantarum (quarto ed.) 3: 324.","Weberling, F. & Uhlarz, H. (1977) Morphologische, anatomische und palynologische Untersuchungen an der Gattung Aretiastrum (Valerianaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 127: 217 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00985989","Weberling, F. & Stutzel, T. (2006) Morphological and anatomical investigations of Aretiastrum magellanicum (Hombr. & Jacq.) Skottsb. Wulfenia 13: 193 - 205.","IUCN (2022) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria. Version 15.1. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: https: // www. iucnredlist. org / resources / redlistguidelines (accessed 12 December 2022)"]}

Cleistopholis glauca Pierre ex Engl. & Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 35, 1901 Figs 21, 23; Map 3C = Cleistopholis grandiflora De Wild., Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot. sér. 5, 1(1): 39, 1903. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Kinshasa, Région de Kimuenza, Gérard P. s.n. , Oct 1900: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000008820327]; isotype: BR[BR0000008820655]. = Cleistopholis bequaertii De Wild., Pl. Bequaert. i.; 464, 1922. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Nord-Kivu, Walikale - Lubutu, Bequaert J.C.C. 6624, 15 Jan 1915: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000008820402]; isotype: BR[BR0000008820396]. Type. Gabon. Estuaire; Libreville, Klaine T.-J. 376, Apr 1896: holotype: B[B 10 0154073]; isotypes: K[K000198885, K000198884]; P[P00362650, P00362649, P00362652]; MPU[MPU011662]. Description. Tree, 10-35 m tall, d.b.h. 80 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches glabrous. Leaves: petiole 10-20 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, glabrous, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 5-15 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, oblong to elliptic, apex acuminate, acumen 0.5-1.5 cm long, base decurrent to cuneate, subcoriaceous, below glabrous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 8 to 15 pairs, glabrous below; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young and old leafless branches, axillary, peduncule distinct 2-10 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 2 to 8 per inflorescence; pedicel 10-18 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent; in fruit 15-35 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 1 to 3, all basal, basal bracts 1-2 mm long, 2 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, ca. 2 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, triangular to ovate, apex acute, base truncate, green, glabrous outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free; outer petals 3, 10-15 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, oblong to elliptic, apex rounded, base truncate, green, margins flat, glabrous outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, imbricate, 2-4 mm long, 2-4 mm wide, ovate to orbicular, apex rounded, base truncate, green, margins flat, glabrous outside, glabrous inside; stamens 20 to 30, in 3 to 4 rows, ca. 1 mm long, broad; connective discoid, glabrous, green; staminodes absent; carpels free, 12 to 24, ovary ca. 1 mm long, stigma flat, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipe 18-30 mm long, 3-4 mm in diameter; monocarps 3 to 8, 18-30 mm long, 10-15 mm in diameter, obovoid, apex rounded, glabrous, finely warty, not bumpy, green when ripe; seed (1 to) 2 per monocarp, 15-25 mm long, 10-12 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. Central Africa; from Cameroon to Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from South, Central, Littoral, South-West and East regions, with one collection from Adamaoua region. Habitat. A very common species, mainly growing as a pioneer species in disturbed areas and along forest margins. Altitude 100-1200 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019f). Uses in Cameroon. None recorded. Notes. Closely resembles C. patens, see below for differences. Specimens examined. Adamaoua Region: A 80 km au SO de Banyo-Plaine Tikar, 6.75°N, 11.82°E, 27 June 1969, Biholong M. 219 (P,YA). Central Region: Feup (Yaoundé), 3.87°N, 11.52°E, 01 July 1917, Chevalier A.J.B. 33473 (P,WAG); near Ebolbom village 3 km est of Ngoumou 2 km north west of Otélé, 3.59°N, 11.28°E, 02 May 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 430 (MPU,WAG,YA); Avom, 3.87°N, 11.52°E, 01 January 1935, Foury P. 57 (P). East Region: Bertoua, 4.58°N, 13.68°E, 17 February 1960, Letouzey R. 3036 (P,YA); Région de Moloundou, 2.05°N, 15.17°E, 01 August 1949, SRFK 1372 (P,YA). Littoral Region: 18 km SEof Douala along road to Ndonga (=old to Edea), 4.05°N, 9.71°E, 20 August 1965, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 6467 (B,BR,C,GC,K,L,LUAI,MO,P,UC,WAG,YA). South Region: 20 km from Kribi Lolodorf road, 3.05°N, 10.05°E, 09 June 1969, Bos J.J. 4784 (B,BR,K,LD,LM,MO,P,POZG,WAG,YA); on road between Campo and Kribi, 2.62°N, 9.847°E, 16 February 2012, Couvreur T.L.P. 389 (WAG,YA); Rocher du Loup km 36 road Kribi-Campo, 2.61°N, 9.85°E, 06 January 1983, de Kruif A.P.M. 1046 (MO,WAG,YA); Campo-Ma’an area 2.73°N, 9.873°E, 13 August 2001, van Andel T.R. 3846 (KRIBI,WAG,YA). South-West Region: Mungo River F.R., 4.78°N, 9.566°E, 02 December 1999, Cheek M. 10229 (K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Ntali, 5.25°N, 9.576°E, 01 December 2000, Etuge M. 4873 (K); Nyandong-forest above village, 4.98°N, 9.585°E, 20 March 2003, Etuge M. 4917 (K); Forest and forest relictss near Mundemba, 4.96°N, 8.916°E, 16 January 1985, Thomas D.W. 4200 (P); Near Mundemba town, 4.96°N, 8.916°E, 12 May 1986, Thomas D.W. 6121 (MO,P,WAG,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 87-89, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371","Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019f. Cleistopholis glauca. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T61984554A61984556. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T61984554A61984556.en"]}

Hexalobus monopetalus (A. Rich.) Engl. & Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 56, 1901 Fig. 30; Map 4G ≡ Uvaria monopetala A.Rich., Guill. & Perr., Fl. Seneg. tent.: 8, 1831. Hexalobus senegalensis A.DC., Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 5: 213, 1832, superfluous name. = Hexalobus monopetalus var. parvifolius Baker.f.; Macleod, Chiefs and cities of Central Africa: 301, 1912. Type. Central African Republic. Environs de Kaga M’bra, Chevalier A.J.B. 6486, 30 Nov 1902: holotype: K[K000582056]; isotypes: G[G00011614]; L[L0049298]; P; WAG[WAG0162940]. = Hexalobus tomentosus A.Chev., Expl. bot. Afr. occ. Énum. pl. 1: 10, 1920. Type. Mali. Ségou, Sansanding, Chevalier A.J.B. 2542, 29 Sep 1899: lectotype, designated by Botermans et al. (2011), p. 42: P[P00486157]. = Hexalobus glabrescens Hutch. & Dalziel, Fl. W. trop. Afr. 1: 52, 1927. Type. Central African Republic: Ouham, Lere to Ham, Talbot P.A. 531, 1911: lectotype, designated by Botermans et al. (2011), p. 42: K; isolectotypes: BM[BM000546380]; Z[Z-000034501]. = Hexalobus monopetalus (A. Rich.) Engl. & Diels var. obovatus Brenan, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 8, 3: 214, 1953. Type. Zambia. North-Western, E. of Matonchi Farm, Milne-Redhead E.W.B.H. 4536, 12 Feb 1938: holotype: K[K000198933]; isotypes: BM[BM000546381]; BR[BR0000008800664]; PRE[PRE0397001-0]. = Hexalobus huillensis (Engl. & Diels) Engl. & Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 56, 1901; Uvaria huillensis Engl. & Diels, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin. 2: 296, 1899. Type. Angola. Benguela, Benguella, Huilla, Antunes J.M. 266, no date: lectotype, designated by Botermans et al. (2011), p. 42: COI[COI00033141]; isolectotype: BM[BM000546379]. Type. Senegal. Tambacounda; Galam prope Bakel, Leprieur F.M.R. s.n., 1828: lectotype, designated by Botermans et al. (2011), p. 42: G[G00011597]; isolectotypes: G[G00011595, G00011593]; P[P00315834, P00315832, P00315836]. Description. Tree to shrub, 10-15 m tall, d.b.h. up to 35 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent, often several stemmed, not fluted. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches pubescent. Leaves: petiole 1-4 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 3.6-17.5 cm long, 1.2-6.5 cm wide, ovate to obovate, apex rounded to obtuse, rarely acuminate, acumen 1 cm long, base cuneate to cordate, coriaceous, below pubescent when young, glabrous when old, above pubescent when young, glabrous when old, concolorous; midrib impressed, above pubescent when young, glabrous when old, below pubescent when young, glabrous when old; secondary veins 6 to 14 pairs, below; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, more rarely cauliflorous, axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 2 whorls, 1 to 3 per inflorescence; pedicel sessile or short up to 2 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter when present, densely pubescent; in fruit 2-4 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent; bracts 5 to 6, several basal and two (sometimes fused) towards the upper half of pedicel, basal bracts ca. 5 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide; upper bracts ca. 5 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 4-7 mm long, 3-6 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, brown, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals basally fused, tube 3-4 mm long, inner and outer whorl not differentiated, sub equal; lobes 9-27 mm long, 3-7 mm wide, elliptic, apex rounded, cream, margins wavy, pubescent outside, pubescent inside, lobes curving inwards at the base and margins reflexed forming a hollow chamber; stamens numerous, 1-2 mm long, elongated; connective discoid, glabrous, cream-yellow; staminodes absent; carpels free, 2 to 7, ovary 2-3 mm long, stigma divided into two lobes with margins coiled inwards, pubescent. Monocarps stipitate to sessile, stipes 22-46 mm long, 13-22 mm in diameter, ellipsoid to cylindrical, apex rounded, sparsely pubescent, warty, constricted around the seeds, orange when ripe; seeds 2 to 8 per monocarp, 10-15 mm long, 7-10 mm in diameter, flattened ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A widespread species, known from Senegal to northern South Africa, with a disjunct population in southern Angola; in Cameroon known from the North and Far-North regions. Habitat. A common species in drier regions of Africa; in woodland, savannas or gallery forests, on sandy soils or in rocky places. Altitude 200-1000 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. Bohili (Fulfuldé) (Malzy 1954). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019n). Uses in Cameroon. None recorded. Notes. Hexalobus monopetalus is distinguished from the other Cameroonian species by being a small deciduous shrub or tree (no taller than 15 m) growing in drier areas, with sessile or subsessile flowers and small smooth monocarps (up to 46 mm long versus more than 45 mm generally). Selected specimens examined. Far-North Region: Route Lara-Guidiguis (15 km ENE de Kaele), 10.1°N, 14.45°E, 29 August 1964, Letouzey R. 6540 (P,YA); Près Bourka (65 km SS0 de Mokolo), 10.3°N, 13.56°E, 13 October 1964, Letouzey R. 7301 (P,YA); 9 km SE Guili 10 km NE Bourrah, 10.6°N, 13.74°E, 27 November 1989, Villiers J.-F. 4713 (P,YA). North Region: Ecole de faune de Garoua, 9.3°N, 13.4°E, 09 August 2000, Dong E. 393 (YA); Sanguéré (10 km Garoua), 9.27°N, 13.47°E, 01 October 1949, Malzy P. 309 (P,YA); Environs village Boulko au pied Hossere Gode 15 km NW de Poli, 8.53°N, 13.13°E, 24 October 1983, Satabié B. 702 (P,YA); Collines de Tinguelin 10 km N de Garoua, 9.3°N, 13.4°E, 26 November 1984, Satabié B. 781 (P,YA); map # NC 33 VIII Garoua, 9.93°N, 13.86°E, 13 August 1983, Thomas D.W. 2432 (MO,P,WAG,YA).

Monodora undulata (P.Beauv.) Couvreur, Reveal. Secrets African Annon.: Isolona & Monodora: 246, 2008 Figs 78, 79; Map 10C ≡ Unona undulata (Palisot de Beauvois) Dunal, Monogr. Anonac.: 111, 1817. = Monodora brevipes Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 23(3): 475, 1862. Type. Saõ Tomé & Principe: Principe Island, Mann G. 1115, 1861: lectotype, designated by Couvreur (2009), p. 246; sheet here designated: K[K000199026]; isotypes: K[K000199025]; P[P00363308]. = Monodora preussii Engl. & Diels, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 301 1899. Type. Cameroon. South Region, Victoria (Limbe), Preuss, P.R. 1314, 1898: lectotype, designated by Couvreur (2009): 246: K[K000105558]; isolectotypes: A[A00295524]; EA; PH[PH00018358]; S[S10-21404]; Z[Z-000034547]. Type. Nigeria. no region; no location, Palisot de Beauvois A.M.F.J. s.n., no date: holotype: G-DC, scanned image[excluding fruits] [G00011671]. Description. Tree, up to 20 m tall, d.b.h. up to 100 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches glabrous. Leaves: petiole 2-14 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, glabrous, slightly grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 10-40 cm long, 8-15 cm wide, oblong to obovate, apex acuminate, acumen 3-9 cm long, base rounded to obtuse, coriaceous to papyraceous, below glabrous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, concolorous; midrib raised above, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 9 to 17 pairs, glabrous below; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old or young foliate branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers bisexual with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 30-55 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, glabrous; in fruit 40-50 mm long, 8-10 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 1, upper only, towards the upper half or middle of pedicel, 6-10 mm long, 7-11 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 7-11 mm long, 5-10 mm wide, ovate, apex rounded to obtuse, base truncate, green, glabrous, pubescent towards margins outside, glabrous, pubescent towards margins inside, margins wavy; petals basally fused, tube 2-3 mm long, inner and outer whorl differentiated, outer petals longer than inner; outer petals 3, 25-45 mm long, 15-30 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, speckled and streaked yellow and purple, base creamy-white, margins wavy, glabrous, pubescent towards margins outside, glabrous, pubescent towards margins inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 17-27 mm long, 13-20 mm wide, rhombic, apex acute, base narrowed into a claw, claw 2-5 mm long, yellow with brown-purple spots, margins flat, glabrous outside, sparsely pubescent inside; receptacle strongly convex; stamens numerous, in 12 to 14 rows, ca. 1 mm long, broad; connective discoid, densely pubescent, cream; staminodes absent; carpels fused into a single structure, 4 mm long, stigma bilobed, slightly capitate, sparsely pubescent. Fruits syncarpous, 60-120 mm long, 40-60 mm in diameter, ovoid, apex rounded, tomentose, faintly ribbed longitudinally, otherwise smooth, brown when ripe; seeds 9-20 mm long, 6-11 mm in diameter, flattened ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A widespread species, disjunct between West Africa (Sierra Leone to Togo) and Central Africa (Nigeria, Cameroon and São Tome Island); in Cameroon known from East, South, Central, Littoral and South-West regions. Habitat. A fairly uncommon species even though it has been collected numerous times in Cameroon; in lowland primary and secondary rain forests, along rivers and in swamps. Altitude 0-700 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. Yellow-Flowering Nutmeg (English) (Cooper and Record 1931). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019a c). Uses in Cameroon. food: seeds used for sauces, as condiment or spice; medicine: bark used against venereal diseases. Notes. Monodora undulata closely resembles M. myristica; both share a strongly convex receptacle, large leaves, and completely connivent inner petals; but M. undulata is distinguished from M. myristica by its smaller flowers with shorter pedicels, cup-shaped and non-undulate upper bract, and ovoid densely tomentose fruits. Specimens examined. Central Region: Reserve forestière de Makak, 3.48°N, 11.01°E, 14 December 1967, Bamps P.R.J. 1449 (BR,YA). East Region: ca 9 km from Bertoua near the road to Doumé, 4.53°N, 13.61°E, 09 December 1961, Breteler F.J. 2182 (K,P,WAG,YA). Littoral Region: Ebo Proposed National Park Iboty to Bekob village, 4.46°N, 10.46°E, 14 February 2006, Cheek M. 12928 (K). South Region: along main road Kribi-Bipindi, 2.99°N, 10.01°E, 17 February 2012, Couvreur T.L.P. 391 (WAG,YA); Lolodorf, 3.23°N, 10.71°E, 1896, Staudt A. 40 (G,K,P). South-West Region: Path above Kupe village, 4.76°N, 9.694°E, 22 May 1996, Cable S. 2544 (K,WAG,YA); Nyangdong volcanic waterfall-whirlpool path, 4.96°N, 9.577°E, 27 March 2003, Cheek M. 11464 (K); Mount Cameroon National Park Bakinguili trail above Bakinguili village, 4.07°N, 9.051°E, 02 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1042 (WAG,YA); Nyasoso village on max’s trail to Mt 4.82°N, 9.692°E, 05 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1061 (WAG,YA); Kupe village to Loum State Forest, 4.73°N, 9.716°E, 29 May 1996, Etuge M. 2017 (K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Korup National Park, 5.06°N, 8.855°E, 06 February 1998, Kenfack D. 1027 (MO,WAG); 6 km W of Bota rocky coast with volcanic boulders, 4.01°N, 9.144°E, 31 August 1972, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 10295 (BR,MO,P,WAG,YA); Limbe (Victoria) Bimbia road, 4.00°N, 13.21°E, 01 February 1929, Maitland T.D. 408 (K); Johann-Albrechtshöhe [Kumba] area 4.63°N, 9.416°E, 1896, Staudt A. 495 (A); Southern slope of Mount above Batoke, 4.03°N, 9.1°E, 25 January 1984, Thomas D.W. 3025 (B,BR,MO,P,YA); Small Koto, 4.31°N, 9.066°E, 07 March 1985, Thomas D.W. 4516 (K,MO,P,YA); Cameroon Mountain, 4.31°N, 9.066°E, 01 June 1985, Thomas D.W. 4814 (BR,MO,P,WAG)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 260-262, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Couvreur, TLP, 2009. Monograph of the syncarpous African genera Isolona and Monodora (Annonaceae). Systematic Botany Monographs 87: 1 - 150","Cooper, PG, Record, SJ, 1931. The Evergreen Forests of Liberia. Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series 31: 1 - 153","Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019a. Annickia affinis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132512369A132513599. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132512369A132513599.en"]}

Piptostigma submontanum Ghogue, Sonké & Couvreur, Pl. Ecol. Evol. 150 (2): 208, 2017 Fig. 92; Map 12B Type. Cameroon. South-West Region; Rumpi Mountains, between Lokando and Dikome Balue, 30 km NNW Kumba, Letouzey R.G. 14535, 23 Mar 1976: holotype: YA[YA0002870]; isotype: P[P02032181]. Description. Tree, up to 25 m tall, d.b.h. up to 20 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches sparsely pubescent, young foliate branches tomentose. Leaves: petiole 2-4 mm long, 2 mm in diameter, tomentose, cylindrical, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 40-49 cm long, 16-23 cm wide, obovate, apex acuminate to mucronate, acumen 0.8-1.3 cm long, base decurrent to cuneate and narrowly cordate, coriaceous, below densely pubescent when young, densely pubescent when old, above pubescent when young, glabrous when old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above pubescent when young and old, below pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 58 to 65 pairs, sparsely pubescent above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescence cauliflorous, peduncle like base 10-18 mm long, axial internodes 2-5 mm long, compact, sympodial rachis 20-40 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 4 per inflorescence; pedicel 2-6 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, tomentose; in fruit ca. 25 mm long, ca. 4 mm in diameter, tomentose; basal bract 7-8 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide; upper bract 4-6 mm long, ca. 6 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 5-8 mm long, ca. 5 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, brown, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals shorter than inner; outer petals 3, ca. 5 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, light yellow to red, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 50-60 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, narrowly elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, margins wavy, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside; stamens numerous, in 6 to 8 rows, 1 mm long, broad; connective discoid, glabrous, red; staminodes absent; carpels free, 12 to 15, ovary ca. 2 mm long, stigma globose, pubescence not seen. Monocarps sessile, 1 to 2, 20-30 mm long, 10-25 mm in diameter, obovoid, apex rounded, tomentose, bumpy, brown when ripe; seeds 6 to 8 per monocarp, 6-12 mm long, 3-5 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. Endemic to Cameroon; known from the South-West and Littoral regions. Habitat. A fairly uncommon species; in submontane rain forests. Altitude 900-1200 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Endangered (EN) (Cosiaux et al. 2019a r). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. See under P. calophyllum. Specimens examined. Littoral Region: Ebo Forest Reserve Djuma camp Djashaka trail, 4.36°N, 10.25°E, 15 February 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 625 (WAG,YA). South-West Region: Edip to Kodmin ca 1 hour’s walk, 4.96°N, 9.666°E, 02 December 1998, Cheek M. 9177 (K,P,WAG,YA); Mount Kupe Kodmin, 4.96°N, 9.683°E, 21 November 1998, Gosline W.G. 198 (K,P,WAG,YA); Abang road and then right to forest, 4.93°N, 9.731°E, 11 December 1999, Gosline W.G. 256 (K,MO,WAG,YA); Entre Lokando (900 m) et Dikome Balue (1200 m) 30 km NNW-Kumba, 4.85°N, 9.28°E, 23 March 1976, Letouzey R. 14535 (P,YA); Rumpi Hills near Madie River, 4.94°N, 9.123°E, 22 February 1995, Thomas D.W. 10496 (K)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 307-308, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019a. Annickia affinis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132512369A132513599. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132512369A132513599.en"]}

Xylopia villosa Chipp, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew: 183, 1923 Fig. 153; Map 1E ≡ Xylopiastrum villosum (Chipp) Aubrév., Flor. For. Côte d’Ivoire, ed. 2, 1: 140, 1959. Type. Nigeria. Lagos State; Ibadan Forest Reserve, Lagos, Punch C. 119, Dec 1913: lectotype, designated by Johnson and Murray (2018), p. 215: K[000199069]. Description. Tree, up to 30 m tall, d.b.h. up to 90 cm; buttresses narrowly concave ca. 1 m high. Old branches sparsely pubescent to glabrous, young branches densely villous, with erect orange or reddish brown hairs 0.5-1.3 mm long. Leaves: petiole 2-4 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 8.6-12.6 cm long, 2.6-4.1 cm wide, lanceolate to lanceolate-elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, apex acuminate to acute, acumen 0.4-1.3 cm long, base cuneate to rounded, subcoriaceous, below golden-sericeous when young, sparsely golden-sericeous to golden-sericeous when old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous; midrib impressed, above pubescent when young, glabrous to pubescent when old, below glabrous to pubescent when young, pubescent when old; secondary veins 10 to 15 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, axillary, peduncle 8.5-17 mm. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 8 per inflorescence; pedicel 2-5 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; in fruit 6-42 mm long, 7-11 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 2 to 4, evenly spaced, 3-4 mm long, 3-4 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally to ½ fused, forming a cup , 4-6 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside; petals free, subequal; outer petals 3, 22-34 mm long, 3.5-3.9 mm wide at base, linear, apex acute to obtuse, base broad and concave, light yellow, pubescent, base glabrous outside, pubescent, base glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 17.4-23 mm long, 2.5-3.6 mm wide at base, linear, apex acute, base broad and concave, light yellow, pubescent with glabrous base outside, pubescent towards base to pubescent and glabrous towards center inside; stamens ca. 200, in 4 to 6 rows, 1-2 mm long, oblong; connective apex shield-like, glabrous; carpels 10 to 12, ovary 1-2 mm long, stigmas connivent with tips free, linear, 2.5-4 mm long, pubescent to sparsely pubescent. Monocarps stipitate, stipe ca. 3 mm long, ca. 9 mm in diameter; monocarps 1 to 10, ca. 46 mm long, ca. 23 mm wide, oblongoid, apex rounded, sparsely pubescent, verrucose and wrinkled when dried, green outside, endocarp color unknown; seeds unknown (sarcotesta blue?). Distribution. A widespread species in West Africa from Liberia to Ghana, and in Central Africa from southern Nigeria to Cameroon; in Cameroon known from East, South, Central and South-West regions. Given the past confusion with X. letestui, it is difficult to state the full distribution of X. villosa precisely. Habitat. A large tree species not commonly collected, although locally common westward (O. Lachenaud, personal communication); in evergreen or semi-deciduous rain forests of Sterculiaceae and Ulmaceae, and old secondary forest with Lophira alata, Coula edulis, and Sacoglottis gabonensis. Altitude 0-100 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. oyakwi (Letouzey 9524, Yaoundé). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Botanic Gardens Conservation International and IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group 2019h). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Xylopia villosa and X. letestui share thick pubescent leaves but the former differs in the broadly cuneate to rounded rather than truncate leaf bases, the longer petioles (2-4 versus 1-1.8 mm), and the longer outer petals (22-34 versus 16.5-19.1 mm). Xylopia villosa also lacks the marginal hair tufts toward the base of the inner petals. The specimen Thomas 7703, which consists of fallen fruits containing seeds, reported the seeds to be "blue, “blue,” suggesting the presence of a sarcotesta. Specimens examined. Central Region: près Nkomeyo 10 km d’Esse, 4.07°N, 11.97°E, 07 November 1969, Letouzey R. 9524 (P,YA). East Region: 65 km south of Yokadouma 30 km after Ngato 15 km after river ALPICAM 'base de vie’ then 40 km on forestry road starting 4 km before Maséa village, 3.08°N, 14.67°E, 08 March 2019, Couvreur T.L.P. 1227 (MPU,WAG,YA). South Region: Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.49°N, 10.34°E, 12 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 686 (WAG,YA); 3 km E of km 58 of road Edéa-Kribi, 3.72°N, 10.3°E, 05 October 1965, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 6815 (BR,K,MO,P,WAG,YA). South-West Region: Korup National Park, 5.26°N, 9.2°E, 08 April 1988, Thomas D.W. 7703 (MO). Unresolved names Uvaria busgenii Unwin (non Diels), West African Forests & Forestry: 263, 1920 This species was published by Unwin in his West African Forests & Forestry book (Unwin 1920) suggesting it grows in the region of Johann-Albrechtshöhe (now Kumba, South-West region). Unwin states (p. 263) it is a common "large tree" and wood is used to make "European “European” houses in the Calabar region of Nigeria. The name is accompanied by the description of the plant (mainly the wood) and its uses. However, no specimen is listed. The species is presumably named in honor of the German collector Moritz Büsgen (1858-1921), who collected in SW Cameroon in 1908. It is possible that Unwin could have seen a specimen collected by Büsgen. Specimens of Büsgen are deposited in Berlin (B) and four collections of Annonaceae species are available online. Only one refers to an Uvaria collected in Johann-Albrechtshöhe [B 10 0153104, Büsgen 191 ]. This specimen is however the holotype (and only specimen) of Uvaria marginata Diels (now synonym of U. obanensis) and does not correspond to a tree as stated in the description. Uvaria species are generally scrambling shrubs or lianas. However, several tree genera were initially included in Uvaria based on flower characters, such as Uvariodendron ("section Uvariodendron " within Uvaria in Engel and Diels (1901)) or Hexalobus (Botermans et al. 2011). These were generally erected to genus status afterwards (Candolle 1832, in the case of Hexalobus, Fries 1930, in the case of Uvariodendron). Thus, Uvaria busgenii certainly refers to a species in a different genus than Uvaria, possibly Uvariodendron. However, without further material it will be hard to confirm this. Uvaria busgenii Diels (non Unwin), nom. nud. This name was first (?) published in Gilg (1909) page 124, although it doesn’t appear to be the description of a species per se. Only a local name is provided and the indication that it occurs in North Cameroon, and represents a tree. The name has also been used in various other publications (e.g. Wiesner 1918, pages 558, 762). We were however unable to find the original publication describing this name, nor does it appear on IPNI. This name does not refer to the same species as Unwin (see above) as it occurs in North Cameroon. It is probably a manuscript name that was never published, although we have not found any herbarium sheets with this name marked on it yet. Northern Cameroon harbors very few Annonaceae species, and it is hard to see what species or even genus Gilg is referring too here. The common name is "bongele “bongele”, but this name is attributed to Eribroma oblongum (Mast.). Pierre ex A.Chev.) now a synonym of Sterculia oblonga Mast. (Malvaceae)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 495-497, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Johnson, DM, Murray, NA, 2018. A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa. PhytoKeys 97: 1 - 252, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975","Unwin, AH, 1920. West African Forests and Forestry. Adelphi Terrace, London, U.K., DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.57756","Botermans, M, Sosef, MSM, Chatrou, LW, Couvreur, TLP, 2011. A revision of the African genus Hexalobus (Annonaceae). Systematic Botany 36: 33 - 48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364411X553108","Candolle, AP de, 1832. Memoire sur la famille des Annonacees, et en particulier sur les especes du pays des Birmans. Memoires de la Societe Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve 5: 177 - 221","Fries, RE, 1930. Revision der Arten einiger Anonaceen-Gattungen I. Acta Horti Bergiani 10: 1 - 128","Gilg, E, 1909. IV. Die bis jetzt bekannten hohen Baeume Kameruns, welche wertvolles Holz geben oder als Nutzhoelzer in Frage kommen koennten. Notizblatt des Koenigl. botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin 45: 123 - 131, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3994004","Wiesner, J, 1918. 2 Die Rohstoffe des Pflanzenreichs : versuch einer Technischen Rohstofflehre des Pflanzenreiches. 3. Aufl. W. Engelmann, Leipzig"]}

Uvariopsis pedunculosa (Diels) Robyns & Ghesq., Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles, Ser. B 53: 321 1933 Figs 136, 137; Map 16F ≡ Tetrastemma pedunculosum Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 53(3-5): 441. 1915. = Uvariopsis vanderystii Robyns & Ghesq., Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles, Ser. B 53: 64, 1933. Syn. nov. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Bandundu; Kikwit, Vanderyst H. 9973, 1921: holotype: BR[BR0000008824387]. Type. Cameroon. South Region, Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 3868, Mar 1906: B[B 10 0153122]; isotypes: BM[BM000554078]; BR[BR0000008824196, BR0000008824226]; HBG[HBG502486]; K[K000199041]; M [M0107937]; P[P00362599, P00362601]; US [US 00098850]. Description. Shrub to tree, 3-8 m tall, d.b.h. 1.5-5 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches glabrous to pubescent. Leaves: petiole 2-3 mm long, 1-3 mm in diameter, pubescent, slightly grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 17.2-29 cm long, 5.7-11 cm wide, elliptic to obovate, apex acuminate, acumen 0.3-2.3 cm long, base acute, coriaceous, below glabrous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 8 to 15 pairs per side, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals unisexual, monoecious; inflorescences cauliflorous. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 2 whorls, globose in bud, 1 to 5 per inflorescence, male and female inflorescences dimorphic; male pedicels 25-130 mm, 1-2 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent to glabrous; bracts 2, one basal and one upper towards the lower half of pedicel, both bracts 1.5 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide; female pedicels 80-320 mm long, 2-4 mm in diameter; in fruit mm long, mm in diameter; bracts 2, one basal and one upper towards the lower half of pedicel, both bracts 2.5-6 mm long, 5-6 mm wide; male sepals 2, valvate, basally fused, 7 mm long, 7 mm wide, very broadly ovate, apex acute, base truncate, brown, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; female sepals 2, valvate, basally fused, 7-17 mm long, 13-15 mm wide, very broadly ovate, apex acute, base truncate, fleshy, brown, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; male petals 4, basally fused, tube ca. 3 mm long, 10-15 mm long, 8-10 mm wide, broadly ovate to broadly elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, wine-brown outside, white cream inside, margins flat, shortly tomentose outside, glabrous inside; female petals 4, basally fused, tube 2.5-3 mm long, 14-16 mm long, 8-12 mm wide, broadly ovate, apex acute, base truncate, fleshy, wine-brown outside, white cream inside, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; male flowers: stamens 150 to 250, in 10 to 12 rows, ca. 1 mm long, oblong; connective reduced or absent, glabrous, cream; staminodes absent; female flowers: carpels free, 50 to 140, ovary 2-4 mm long, stigma globose, glabrous. Monocarps sessile, 4 to 9, 10-17 mm long, 7-11 mm in diameter, cylindrical, apex rounded, sparsely pubescent, verrucose, longitudinally 1 ribbed, brown when ripe; seeds 6 to 10 per monocarp, 7-10 mm long, 5-7 mm in diameter; aril absent. Distribution. A central African species from Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea Gabon and Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from South, South-West and Littoral regions. Habitat. In primary or secondary lowland rain forests. Altitude: 200-1100 m a.s.l. IUCN conservation status. assessed under the name U. vanderystii, Least Concern (LC) (Cheek 2014e). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvariopsis pedunculosa is easily distinguished in flower by the combination of globose flower buds and basally fused petals. Le Thomas (1969b) had not seen any fruiting material of the species (as U. vanderystii), but it has since become available. Uvariopsis pedunculosa was placed in synonymy with U. dioica in the second edition of the Flora of West Tropical Africa (Keay 1952). However, after careful examination of the type materials of both names, we conclude that U. pedunculosa is in fact conspecific with U. vanderystii. Indeed, the type of U. pedunculosa (Zenker 3868) has long flowering pedicels (up to 130 mm) and clearly globose flowers (as seen in the BR specimen [BR0000008824226]), while U. dioica has pedicels up to 50 mm long and ovoid-conical flower buds (Robyns and Ghesquière 1933; Kenfack et al. 2003). Given the priority rule, the name U. pedunculosa (1915, as Tetrastemma pedunculosum Diels) should be retained over U. vanderystii (1933). Specimens examined. Littoral Region: Mapubi 30 km before Edea on Yaoundé-Edea road On forestry road 5 km direction to Sanaga river, 3.84°N, 10.38°E, 28 February 2018, Couvreur T.L.P. 1173 (MPU,P,WAG,YA). South Region: Elephant Mont, 2.79°N, 10.02°E, 16 October 2001, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. ELEX_15 (WAG); Campo-Ma’an area Onoyong, 2.52°N, 10.69°E, 18 March 2001, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. ONOX_182 (WAG); Campo-Ma’an area Onoyong, 2.52°N, 10.69°E, 18 March 2001, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. ONOX_274 (WAG); Campo-Ma’an area Mamelles Massif, 2.56°N, 9.949°E, 23 April 2001, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 3242 (KRIBI,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 January 1909, Zenker G.A. 3868 (B,BM,BR,K,L,P). South-West Region: on forest trail north of Ngomboku village, 4.91°N, 9.724°E, 06 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1063 (WAG,YA); on forest trail north of Ngomboku village, 4.91°N, 9.730°E, 06 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1066 (WAG,YA); on trail through palm oil plantation 3 km before lava flow and Seme Beach hotel when coming from Limbe, 4.07°N, 9.085°E, 18 October 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 517 (WAG,YA); Ajang saprophyte plot, 4.76°N, 9.683°E, 01 December 1999, Gosline W.G. 244 (K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Crète du Nta Ali (1266 m) entre côtes 1009 et 1202 30 km SE Mamfe, 5.59°N, 9.502°E, 19 June 1975, Letouzey R. 13849 (P,YA); Likomba-Pflanzung 15-35 km NE von Victoria [Limbe], 4.1°N, 9.333°E, 03 December 1928, Mildbraed G.W.J. 10745 (B,K); Environs de Matene RF Takamanda 32 km SW Akwaya, 6.25°N, 9.372°E, 30 April 1987, Satabié B. 873 (YA); Forest on the southern slope of Mount above Batoke, 4.08°N, 9.1°E, 29 December 1983, Thomas D.W. 2756 (MO,YA); Takamanda Forest Reserve, 6.21°N, 9.433°E, 30 April 1987, Thomas D.W. 7364 (P); Massif du Ntali crête sommitale 30 km SE Mamfe, 5.58°N, 9.510°E, 14 June 1982, Villiers J.-F. 1427 (P,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 427-431, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Cheek, M, 2014e. Uvariopsis vanderystii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T45422A3001751. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T45422A3001751.en","Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371","Keay, RWJ, 1952. Revision of the \"Flora of West Tropical Africa\", I - Annonaceae. Kew Bulletin 7: 149 - 157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4109256","Robyns, W, Ghesquiere, J, 1933. Essai de revision des genres Uvariopsis Engl. et Diels et Tetrastemma Diels (Annonacees). Annales de la Societe scientifique de Bruxelles, Serie B 53.","Kenfack, D, Gosline, G, Gereau, RE, Schatz, GE, 2003. The genus Uvariopsis (Annonaceae) in tropical Africa with a recombination and one new species from Cameroon. Novon 13: 443 - 449, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3393377"]}

Monanthotaxis enghiana (Diels) P.H.Hoekstra, Taxon 66: 14, 2017 Figs 53, 54; Map 7D ≡ Popowia enghiana Diels, Wiss. Ergebn. Deut. Zentr.-Afr. Exped. (1907-1908), Bot. 2: 213, 1911; Friesodielsia enghiana (Diels) Verdc. in Le Thomas Fl. Gabon No. 16: 240, 1969. = Oxymitra grandiflora Boutique, Bull. Jard. Bot. État Brux. 21: 116, 1951; Richella grandiflora (Boutique) R.E.Fr., in Engler & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 17a (2): 139, 1959; Fiesodielsia grandiflora (Boutique) Steenis, Blumea 12: 359, 1964. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Orientale, Yalibutu, 45 km NW of Yangambi, Germain R.G.A. 883, 22 Jan 1948: lectotype, chosen by Hoekstra et al. (2021), p. 150: BR n.v.; isolectotypes: K [K000913652, K000913653]; MO n.v. = Unona obanensis Baker f., Cat. Pl. Oban 4, 1913; Oxymitra obanensis (Baker f.) Sprague & Hutch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 6: 156, 1916; Richella obanensis (Baker f.) R.E.Fr., in Engler & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 17 a (2): 139, 1959; Friesodielsia obanensis (Baker f.) Steenis, Blumea 12 (2): 359, 1964. Type. Nigeria. Cross River State, Oban, Talbot P.A. 1246, 1911: holotype: BM [BM000547069]. = Popowia mangenotii Sillans, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. sér. 2, 24: 578, 1953. Type. Central African Republic: Lobaye, Station de Boukoko, Boukokok, Tisserant C. (Équipe) 1285 , 14 Dec 1948: lectotype, chosen by Hoekstra et al. (2021), p. 150: P [P00363339]; isolectotypes: BR n.v.; K[K000913654]; P[P00363338]. = Popowia mangenotii f. concolor Sillans, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. sér. 2, 24: 580, 1953. Type. Central African Republic, Lobaye, Station de Boukoko, Boukokok, 5 Apr 1951. C. Tisserant (Équipe) 2062 : lectotype, chosen by Hoekstra et al. (2021), p. 150: P[P00363336]; isolectotypes: BM [BM000547068]; BR n.v., P[P003633385, P01985781]. Type. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Nord Kivu; Fort Beni à Semliki, Mildbraed G.W.J. 2213, 1907-1908: holotype: B[B100153056]. Description. Liana, up to 15 m tall or up to canopy, d.b.h. to 6 cm. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrescent, young foliate branches densely pubescent with dense erect dark-brown hairs 0.9-1.4 mm long. Leaves: petiole 3-4 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent, slightly grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 10.8-35 cm long, 3.3-7.5 cm wide, narrowly oblong to narrowly oblanceolate, apex acuminate to acute, acumen up to 5 cm long, base rounded to subcordate, subcoriaceous to membranous, below whitish blue, densely pubescent to pubescent with erect brown hairs when young, pubescent to glabrous when old, above pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent to glabrous when old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above densely pubescent when young and old, below sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old; secondary veins 11 to 20 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, (1)2 to 5 per inflorescence; pedicel 18-22 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; in fruit 18-22 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter; basal bract ca. 2 mm long, 2-3 mm wide; upper bract 3-5 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, 3-5 mm long, 5-8 mm wide, ovate, apex rounded, base truncate, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals longer than inner, inner petals entirely covered in bud; outer petals 3, 12-22 mm long, 7-14 mm wide, elliptic to ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, brown-violet, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, pubescent with a glabrous base inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 9-14 mm long, 8-10 mm wide, ovate to rhombic, apex acute, base truncate, brown-violet, margins flat, glabrous but pubescent towards base outside, glabrous but pubescent towards the base inside; stamens 90 to 110, in 3 to 4 rows, ca. 1 mm long, cuneate; connective truncate, glabrous; staminodes absent; carpels free, 40 to 60, ovary ca. 3 mm long, stigma elongate, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 2-5 mm long, 2 mm in diameter; monocarps 5 to 15, 14-18 mm long, 34 mm in diameter, moniliform, ellipsoid, apex rounded to apiculate, densely pubescent, smooth, constricted around seeds when more than 1, glaucous green when ripe; seeds 1 to 2(3) per monocarp, 11-12 mm long, 7-11 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A widespread west and central African species, from Guinea to Ivory Coast, and from Cameroon to the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic and Uganda; in Cameroon recorded from Adamaoua, Central, East, Littoral, South, South-West regions. Habitat. A very common and widespread species; in primary and young or old secondary rain forests, or semi-deciduous forests, submontane forests, gallery forests and swamp forests. Altitude 0-1200 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. Mavembegne (Pygmée name, language not specified). Preliminary IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Hoekstra et al. 2021). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Monanthotaxis enghiana is usually distinguished by the narrowly oblong to oblanceolate leaves that are whitish-blue below, and the long dense dark-brown erect hairs on the young foliate branches, petioles and lower side of leaf blades. Some specimens have oblong leaves and can be confused with M. hirsuta when sterile. However, this latter species has much larger flowers (the petals being more than twice as long) and its thecae cover more than half the stamen length, while in M. enghiana the thecae are very short covering less than half the stamen length. Monanthotaxis enghiana is also morphologically close to M. dielsiana and M. glaucifolia, but clearly differs in the pubescence type. This is one of the most common species of Annonaceae across the forest region of Cameroon. It is generally encountered as a sapling on the forest floor. As for most lianas, it resembles a scrambling shrub when juvenile, sometimes forming large clumps. Selected specimens examined. Adamaoua Region: Mbakaou, 6.00°N, 12.88°E, 12 January 2017, Kamdem N. 465 (YA). Central Region: Mefou proposed national park Near Mefou town, 3.62°N, 11.58°E, 08 March 2004, Cheek M. 11499 (K,YA); Ottotomo Forest reserve 7 km north-west from Ngoumou 30 km south west from Yaoundé, 3.65°N, 11.28°E, 24 February 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 986 (WAG,YA); Ngoro, 5.07°N, 11.22°E, 29 April 2017, Kamdem N. 499 (YA). East Region: 18 km NW of Doumé along road to Nguélémendouka, 4.23°N, 13.45°E, 24 November 1961, Breteler F.J. 2137 (BR,P,WAG,YA); 75 km south of Yokadouma 30 km after Ngato 15 km after river ALPICAM 'base de vie’ then 40 km on forestry road starting 4 km before Maséa village, 3.15°N, 14.73°E, 05 March 2019, Couvreur T.L.P. 1201 (MPU,WAG,YA); Palisco forest consession 15 km along main road into consession, 3.48°N, 13.59°E, 27 March 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 754 (WAG,YA); Deng Deng, 5.20°N, 13.13°E, 27 July 2014, Kamdem N. 167 (YA); Route Bertoua-Deng Deng à 6 km au Sud de Mambaya, 4.91°N, 13.76°E, 26 January 1961, Letouzey R. 3248 (P,YA); A 15 km au S de Djouo (20 km E de Somalomo sur le Dja), 3.32°N, 12.93°E, 23 February 1962, Letouzey R. 4359 (P,YA); A 20 km au S de Mvoy I (45 km à l’Est de Yokadouma), 3.31°N, 15.51°E, 16 May 1963, Letouzey R. 5071 (P,YA). Littoral Region: Mapubi 30 km before Edea on Yaoundé-Edea road On forestry road 5 km direction to Sanaga river, 3.84°N, 10.38°E, 28 February 2018, Couvreur T.L.P. 1176 (MPU,WAG,YA); Ebo Wildlife Reserve Djuma permanent camp On Djashaka trail, 4.35°N, 10.24°E, 13 February 2014, Couvreur T.L.P. 618 (WAG,YA); Mambe Massif above Boga village 100 km along road from Yaoundé to Ed 3.91°N, 10.77°E, 19 June 2014, Couvreur T.L.P. 653 (WAG,YA); Ebo forest reserve ca 2500 m on Dicam trail from Bekob camp, 4.34°N, 10.40°E, 11 March 2007, Wieringa J.J. 5898 (WAG). South Region: 20 km from Kribi 2 km N of Lolodorf road, 3.01°N, 10.05°E, 12 December 1969, Bos J.J. 5818 (WAG); 24 km from Kribi ca 3 km N of Lolodorf road, 3.03°N, 10.08°E, 31 March 1970, Bos J.J. 6653 (BR,K,LD,LM,MO,P,WAG,YA); 20 km east from Lélé village, 2.27°N, 13.33°E, 07 September 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 466 (WAG,YA); Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.47°N, 10.33°E, 11 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 669 (WAG,YA); Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.47°N, 10.33°E, 12 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 691 (WAG,YA); Ebom, 3.1°N, 10.71°E, 27 February 1997, Parren M.P.E. 23 (KRIBI,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 May 1913, Zenker G.A. 357 (M,P,U,WAG). South-West Region: Kupe village, 4.76°N, 9.694°E, 21 May 1996, Cable S. 2523 (K); Gully by Daniel Ajang’s saprophyte site, 4.78°N, 9.716°E, 07 July 1996, Cable S. 3683 (K,YA); Bayang Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary after Mbu river, 5.35°N, 9.502°E, 25 March 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1003 (WAG,YA); Mount Cameroon National Park Bakinguili trail above Bakinguili village, 4.09°N, 9.057°E, 02 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1037 (WAG,YA); on forest trail north of Ngomboku village, 4.91°N, 9.730°E, 06 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1065 (WAG,YA); Etome, 4.05°N, 9.116°E, 31 January 1997, Nning J. 212 (K,MO,YA); Bakingili, 4.06°N, 9.033°E, 15 February 1997, Nning J. 259 (K,YA); Mahole, 4.81°N, 9.615°E, 29 November 1999, Onana J.M. 947 (K,MO,WAG,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 192-195, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Hoekstra, PH, Wieringa, JJ, Maas, JM, Chatrou, LW, 2021. Revision of the African species of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae). Blumea 66: 107 - 221, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.02.01","Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371"]}

Piptostigma Oliv., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 8: 158, 1864 = Phaeanthus Hook. f. & Thoms. sect. Piptostigma (Oliv.) Baillon Hist. Pl. 4: 287 1878. Type species. Piptostigma pilosum Oliv. Description. Trees, 1-20 m tall, d.b.h. up to 21 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs. Leaves: petiole 2-11 mm long, 1-6 mm in diameter; blade 7-66 cm long, 3-3 cm wide, ovate or elliptic or obovate or oblong, apex acuminate to emarginate, acumen 0.2-2.7 cm long, base cordate to decurrent, blade inserted on top of the petiole, discolorous, whitish below; midrib sunken or flat; secondary veins 14 to 65 pairs; tertiary venation percurrent. Inflorescence variable in length from compact to lax, composed of a peduncle like base and axial internodes. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences cauliflorous or ramiflorous on old leafless branches, axillary, 1 to 28 per inflorescence; pedicel 2-20 mm long; in fruit 9-25 mm long; bracts 2, one basal and one upper towards the lower half of pedicel; sepals 3, valvate, free, 2-12 mm long, apex acute or acuminate, base truncate; petals free, valvate, outer petals shorter than inner; outer petals 3, 5-28 mm long, 1.5-11 mm wide, elliptic or ovate or obovate, apex acute or acuminate, base truncate; inner petals 3, valvate, 15-80 mm long, 4-20 mm wide, elliptic or ovate, apex acute, base truncate; stamens numerous, 1-2 mm long, broad; connective discoid; staminodes absent; carpels free, 1 to 15, ovary 1-3 mm long, stigma globose or lobed. Monocarps sessile, 1 to 6, 13-65 mm long, 8-40 mm in diameter, globose to oblong, apex acute or rounded or cuspidate; seeds biseriate, 1-15 mm long, 2-10 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. A genus of 13 species from West and Central Africa (no species yet known from East Africa); all species are present in Cameroon, six endemic, making it the center of diversity for this genus. Piptostigma and Brieya are the only Annonaceae genera in Cameroon with longer inner petals than outer. Piptostigma has spectacular inflorescences that are unique among Cameroonian Annonaceae. They appear complex, but are in fact simple and, the different inflorescence types are an important character to identify species. First, inflorescences appear to be "stalked “stalked”, that is they have a short woody peduncle at the based on the inflorescence structure and is probably the result of fallen old inflorescences. This peduncle is variable in length. Then follows the indeterminate part or sympodial rachis, which contains axial internodes variable in length. Different lengths between the internodes will lead to different overall aspects of the inflorescence. Following Ghogue et al. (2017) and Maas et al. (2003) we can distinguish three types: compact: internodes are shorter than 1 cm giving a very compact appearance to the inflorescence. lax or sub-lax: internodes are between 1 and 4 cm long, leading to more or less long inflorescences. This is found in most species. panicle-like: internodes between 5 and 10.5 cm long leading to long pendant inflorescences. We shall refer to these terms in the descriptions below and the key. Finally, we end up with the pedicel and flower per se. Taxonomy. Ghogue et al. (2017)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 277-278, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Ghogue, J-P, Sonke, B, Couvreur, TLP, 2017. Taxonomic revision of the African genera Brieya and Piptostigma (Annonaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 150: 173 - 216, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2017.1137","Maas, PJM, Westra, LYTH, Chatrou, LW, 2003. Duguetia. Flora Neotropica Monograph 88. New York Botanical Garden, New York, 1-275."]}

Xylopia hypolampra Mildbr., Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, Append. 27: 18, 1913 Figs 144, 145; Map 17I = Xylopia brieyi De Wild., Bull. Jard. Bot. État 4: 385, 1914. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Kongo Central Province, Ganda-Sundi, de Briey J. 108, 8 Oct 1911: lectotype, designated by Johnson and Murray (2018), p. 169: BR[BR 0000008824844]; isolectotypes: BR[BR0000008824790, BR 0000008824806, BR 0000008824813, BR 0000008824837]; US[US1270066]. Type. Cameroon. East Region; Lomié, Mildbraed G.W.J. 5183, 13 May 1911: lectotype, designated by Le Thomas (1969b), p. 181: HBG[HBG502479]. Description. Tree, 30-40 m tall, d.b.h. up to 80 cm; stilt roots and buttresses absent. Old branches glabrous, young branches glabrous to pubescent, with fine matted hairs 0.2-0.4 mm long. Leaves: petiole 5 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 5.7-7.5 cm long, 1.4-1.9 cm wide, lanceolate to elliptic, apex acuminate to acute, acumen 1.2 cm long, base cuneate to rounded, subcoriaceous, below densely silvery-sericeous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous when young and old, below densely pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 10 to 18 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, axillary, peduncle absent. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 3 per inflorescence; pedicel 2-4 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 3-6 mm long, 3-5 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 3 to 4, evenly spaced, ca. 2 mm long, 1-2 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, 2-3 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base truncate, green, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; petals free, subequal; outer petals 3, 25-28.7 mm long, 2.5-2.6 mm wide at base, linear, apex obtuse, base broad and concave, yellow to light green, pubescent with base glabrous to sericeous outside, pubescent and glabrous towards base inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 16-31 mm long, 1.9-2.5 mm wide at base, linear, apex acute, base broad and concave, yellow to light green, pubescent outside, pubescent inside; stamens ca. 100, in 7 to 8 rows, 1-2 mm long, oblong; connective apex shield-like, glabrous, red; carpels 7 to 12, ovary ca. 1 mm long, stigmas connivent, sometimes free at tips, filiform, 1.6-2.5 mm long, pubescent. Monocarps sessile; monocarps 6 to 8, 26-41 mm long, 11-22 mm wide, obovoid, ellipsoid or oblongoid, becoming slightly ridged and sunken between the ridges when dried, apex rounded, glabrous, greenish brown, flecked with pale brown lenticels outside, endocarp pink-red; seeds up to 10 per monocarp, in two rows, 7-11 mm long, 6-8 mm wide, ellipsoid; sarcotesta greenish white in vivo; aril absent. Distribution. Central Cameroon to southwestern Central African Republic and south to southwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from East, South, Central and South-West regions. Habitat. A common species, in lowland or submontane evergreen or semi-deciduous rain forest, sometimes along forest edges, and in gallery forest. Altitude 400-900 m. a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. abiès (Bulu, de Wilde 7963), odjobi (Foury 101); moley, munjié, monjié, sangé, sangi (Bibaya); nom akwi, mvomba (Yaoundé). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Botanic Gardens Conservation International and IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group 2019f). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Xylopia hypolampra is easily distinguished from other species of Xylopia by its narrow, lanceolate to elliptic leaves that are distinctly silvery-sericeous below. The flower pedicels are short, the flowers appearing sessile in the leaf axils. The monocarps are sessile and when fresh are brown with pale brown lenticels. At maturity the monocarps open along 3 lines, and reflex strongly, showing the seeds covered with a greenish white sarcotesta on a red endocarp. Hornbills and monkeys feed on the fruits and seeds; at the Dja Faunal Reserve site in Cameroon Ceratogymna hornbills were particularly effective in extending the seed shadow for individual trees (Holbrook and Smith 2000). Specimens examined. Central Region: Mefou proposed national park near Mefou town, 3.62°N, 11.58°E, 08 March 2004, Cheek M. 11487 (K,YA); Méfou National Park just after Ape Action Africa center along road, 3.62°N, 11.58°E, 24 April 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 420 (WAG,YA); Ottotomo Forest Reserve 1 km after reserve base near small loggers road, 3.66°N, 11.28°E, 25 June 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 450 (WAG,YA); Yaoundé, 3.87°N, 11.52°E, 01 January 1935, Foury P. 101 (OWU,P); Banlieu de Yaoundé sur une piste après la borne 9, 3.87°N, 11.52°E, 26 November 1959, Mpom B. 362 (P,YA). East Region: 74 km south of Yokadouma 30 km after Ngato 15 km after river ALPICAM 'base de vie’ then 40 km on forestry road starting 4 km before Maséa village, 3.16°N, 14.71°E, 04 March 2019, Couvreur T.L.P. 1198 (MPU,WAG,YA); A 30 km au NE de Bange (km 75 route Yokadouma-Moloundou), 3.02°N, 15.12°E, 25 May 1963, Letouzey R. 5139 (P,YA); entre Bidjum et Dscha-Posten, 3.15°N, 13.61°E, 13 May 1911, Mildbraed G.W.J. 5183 (HBG); Deng Deng, 5.2°N, 13.52°E, 01 January 1914, Mildbraed G.W.J. 8827 (BM,K). South Region: 21 km east from Lélé village, 2.27°N, 13.33°E, 07 September 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 467 (WAG,YA); Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.47°N, 10.33°E, 13 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 694 (WAG,YA); 17 km on the road from Ebolowa to Minkok, 2.81°N, 11.13°E, 06 February 1975, de Wilde J.J.F.E 7963 (B,BR,K,MO,P,U,WAG,YA); Bipindi - Ebolowa, 3.00°N, 10.92°E, 01 December 1913, Mildbraed G.W.J. 7618 (B,K); Mvie (Akom II), 2.88°N, 10.58°E, 28 January 1998, van der Burgt X.M. 364 (P)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 460-463, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Johnson, DM, Murray, NA, 2018. A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa. PhytoKeys 97: 1 - 252, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975","Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371","Holbrook, KM, Smith, TB, 2000. Seed dispersal and movement patterns in two species of Ceratogymna hornbills in a West African tropical lowland forest. Oecologia 125: 249 - 257, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420000445"]}

Monanthotaxis dielsiana (Engl.) P.H.Hoekstra, Taxon 66: 14, 2017 Map 7B ≡ Unona dielsiana Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39(3-4): 476, 1907. Oxymitra dielsiana (Engl.) Sprague & Hutch.Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 6: 156, 1916; Richella dielsiana (Engl.) R.E.Fr., in Engler & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 17a (2): 139, 1959; Friesodielsia dielsiana (Engl.) Steenis, Blumea 12: 359, 1964. Type. Cameroon. South Region; Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 2473, Dec 1901: lectotype, chosen by Hoekstra et al. (2021), p. 147: B[B100154098]; isolectotypes: B[B100154096, B100154097, B100154099]; BM[BM001125043]; BR[BR000008801388]; COI[COI00071518]; E; G[G00308364]; GOET[GOET005688, GOET005689]; HBG[HBG502481]; K[K000198948]; KFTA[KFTA 0001554, KFTA 0001555]; L[L 0182291]; M[M-0240178]; P[P00363342, P00363343, P01988326]; S[S07-13404]; WAG[WAG0057970]; WU[WU 0025876]. Description. Liana, height unknown, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrescent, young foliate branches densely pubescent with orange-brown hairs ca. 0.5 mm long. Leaves: petiole 6-11 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 10.5-21.5 cm long, 3.5-4 cm wide, narrowly oblong to oblanceolate, apex acuminate, acumen 0.5-2.5 cm long, base subcordate, subcoriaceous to membranous, below glabrous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above sparsely pubescent when young and old, below sparsely pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 7 to 14 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old leafless branches, leaf opposed. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 3 per inflorescence, pedicel 15-27 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 15-30 mm long, ca. 3 mm in diameter, pubescent; basal bract ca. 4 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide; upper bract ca. 5 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, ca. 4 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base truncate, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals longer than inner, inner petals entirely covered in bud; outer petals 3, 10-15 mm long, 8-9 mm wide, ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, ca. 8 mm long, ca. 8 mm wide, broadly ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; stamens ca. 65, in 3 rows, ca. 0.5 mm long, cylindrical; connective rounded, glabrous; staminodes absent; carpels free, ca. 41, ovary ca. 2 mm long, stigma globose, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes ca. 3 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter; monocarps ca. 6, ca. 45 mm long, 10-12 mm in diameter, moniliform, ellipsoid to cylindrical, apex rounded, densely pubescent, rugulose, constricted around seeds when more than 1, brown when unripe; seeds 1 to 2 per monocarp, ca. 15 mm long, ca. 9 mm in diameter, subcylindrical; aril absent. Distribution. endemic to Cameroon; known from the Central and South regions. Habitat. A rare species, known from two collections; in primary rain forests. Altitude 0-200 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. Preliminary IUCN conservation status. Critically Endangered (CR) (Hoekstra et al. 2021). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Monanthotaxis dielsiana is distinguished by its dense yellow to orange-brown appressed pubescence on the young foliate branches, and flowers with around 65 stamens. It resembles M. enghiana and M. glaucifolia by the overall morphology of the flowers and leaves, but M. enghiana has longer erect hairs and M. glaucifolia has denser light-brown appressed hairs; in addition, M. enghiana and M. glaucifolia have many more stamens (more than 90). Specimens examined. Central Region: 60 km SW of Eséka S of Nyong R 12 km W of Songbong, 3.47°N, 10.5°E, 10 March 1965, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 5088 (BR,K,MO,P,WAG,YA). South Region: Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 January 1902, Zenker G.A. 2473 (L,P,WAG)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 188-191, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Hoekstra, PH, Wieringa, JJ, Maas, JM, Chatrou, LW, 2021. Revision of the African species of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae). Blumea 66: 107 - 221, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.02.01"]}

Annickia letestui (Le Thomas) Setten & Maas, Taxon 39(4): 676, 1990 Fig. 6; Map 1D ≡ Enantia letestui Le Thomas, Adansonia sér. 2, 2: 306, 1962. Type. Gabon. Ogooué-Lolo, Ikembélé, Le Testu G.M.P.C. 8432, Oct 1930: lectotype, here designated: P[P00267987]; isolectotypes: BM[BM000547036]; BR[BR0000006418700]; P[P00362651, P02005895, P02005896]. Description. Tree, 2-8 m tall, d.b.h. unknown; stilt roots or buttresses absent, slash yellow. Indumentum of simple, bifid, fasciculate or stellate hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches tomentose. Leaves: petiole 3-8 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, tomentose to sparsely pubescent, cylindrical, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 10-29.5 cm long, 3.5-10.5 cm wide, elliptic to obovate, apex acuminate to mucronate, acumen 1-2 cm long, base cuneate to rounded to acuminate, subcoriaceous, above glabrous when young and old, below pubescent when young and old, hairs simple, bifid and stellate pointing in all directions, concolorous; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous when young and old, below pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 9 to 13 pairs, glabrous below; tertiary venation intermediate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 6 perianth parts in 2 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 4-14 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent; in fruit ca. 10 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, pubescent; bracts 2, one basal and one upper towards the lower half of pedicel, basal bract 2-4 mm long, 2-3 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 5-9 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base truncate, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free; outer petals absent; inner petals 3, valvate, 12-26 mm long, 7-12 mm wide, ovate to inversely Y-shaped ridged, apex acute, base broad and concave, yellow-green, margins flat, pubescent outside, pubescent towards margins inside; stamens 60 to 125, in 5 to 6 rows, ca. 2 mm long, linear; connective flattened, glabrous; staminodes absent; carpels free, 20 to 35, ovary ca. 3 mm long, stigma lobed, pubescent. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 8-19 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter; monocarps 8 to 20, 19-25 mm long, 10-14 mm in diameter, ellipsoid, apex mucronate, glabrous, smooth, glossy, green turning red to black when ripe; seeds ca. 20 mm long, ca. 10 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. From Cameroon to Gabon, and one collection in northern Republic of Congo; in Cameroon known from the South region. Habitat. A rare species; in lowland rain forests, mainly in primary habitats. Altitude 300-700 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. M’Fo, Mofo, Mpuley (dial. Mab Kwasio, van Andel 4216); N’jie (Dials. Duala, Punu, Bos 4962). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019c). Uses in Cameroon. None recorded. Notes. Annickia letestui is characterized by having tomentose young foliate branches and petioles, the lower side of the leaf blades are pubescent with appressed or erect hairs that are simple, bifid, fasciculate or stellate, pointing in all directions. Versteegh and Sosef (2007) note that the indumentum is quite variable within this species, even within individuals, varying from short and appressed to erect and longer hairs. Vernacular names are likely to apply to other species of the genus. Specimens examined. South Region: 15 km from Kribi Lolodorf road, 3.00°N, 10.02°E, 01 July 1969, Bos J.J. 4962 (MO,WAG); Mendoum, 2.22°N, 11.23°E, 13 February 1965, Raynal J. 13392 (P); Campo-Ma’an area Bifa, 2.67°N, 10.28°E, 13 October 2001, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. BIFAX_150 (WAG); Campo-Ma’an area 2.73°N, 9.873°E, 16 August 2001, van Andel T.R. 3882 (WAG); Campo-Ma’an area near Boussebeliga creek bridge, 2.37°N, 9.822°E, 26 October 2001, van Andel T.R. 4216 (WAG)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 36-38, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371","Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019c. Annickia letestui. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132513323A132513614. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132513323A132513614.en","Versteegh, PC, Sosef, MSM, 2007. Revision of the African genus Annickia (Annonaceae). Systematics and Geography of Plants 77 (1): 91 - 118, https://www.jstor.org/stable/20649730"]}

Duguetia dilabens Chatrou & Repetur, Changing Genera: 69, 1998 Map 4A Type. Gabon. Ngounié; new road from Mouila to Yeno, 5 km on either side of Kembele village, Thomas D.W. & Wilks C.M. 6510, 20 Jul 1986: lectotype, sheet here designated: WAG[WAG0143388]; isotypes: MO[MO-357359]; P[P00389133]; WAG[WAG0027128]. Description. Tree, up to 30 m tall, d.b.h. unknown; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of stellate or fasciculate hairs; old leafless branches sparsely pubescent to glabrous, young foliate branches sparsely pubescent. Leaves: petiole 4-5 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 7-16 cm long, 2.5-6 cm wide, narrowly elliptic to narrowly obovate, apex acuminate to acute, acumen ca. 1 cm long, base acute, subcoriaceous, below sparsely pubescent when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, concolorous; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous when young and old, below sparsely pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 8 to 15 pairs, distinct, glabrous below; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, leaf opposed, not forming a peduncle. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 2 to 4 per inflorescence; pedicel 10-12 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent to densely pubescent; in fruit 10-50 mm long, 1-15 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent to densely pubescent; bracts 2, one basal and one towards the lower half of pedicel, basal bracts 5-9 mm long, 7-9 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 12-15 mm long, 6-9 mm wide, elliptic to ovate, apex acute, base truncate, greyish green, pubescent outside, pubescent inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals longer than inner to sub equal; outer petals 3, 12-15 mm long, 4-6 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, white, margins flat, sparsely pubescent outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, imbricate, 13-15 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; stamens numerous, 1 mm long, broad; connective discoid, glabrous, red; staminodes absent; carpels free, ca. 75, 2-3.5 mm long, stigma globose, glabrous. Fruit pseudosyncarpous, size and shape unknown; carpels sessile, free to basally fused, unknown number of carpels, 20-35 mm long, ovary 10-30 mm in diameter, obovoid to deltoid, apex apiculate, pubescent, densely pubescent, longitudinally ribbed with 6 to 7 main ribs, color unknown; seed 1 per monocarp, 12-20 mm long, 10-13 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril present, color unknown. Distribution. Known from Gabon and Cameroon; in Cameroon known from South and Littoral regions. Habitat. A rare species known from four specimens; in lowland periodically inundated or non-inundated rain forests. Altitude 0-500 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Endangered (EN) (Texier and Stévart 2020) Uses in Cameroon. None recorded. Notes. Duguetia dilabens is distinguished by its leaves that are narrowly elliptic to narrowly obovate, the midrib not grooved above and the carpels only basally fused in fruit. It was recently collected in Campo Ma’an National Park (Couvreur 692), but the sample is sterile and the identification remains doubtful, although the leaves do match the type specimen. Couvreur 692 also notes that the trunk had a bark peeling in smallish flakes. Specimens examined. South Region: Reserve forestière de la Kienké (Kribi-Ebolowa km 16), 3.1°N, 10.25°E, 05 January 1968, Bamps P.R.J. 1679 (BR, YA); Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.49°N, 10.34°E, 12 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 692 (WAG,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 106-108, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Texier, N, Stevart, T, 2020. Duguetia dilabens. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132517129A132517218. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T132517129A132517218.en"]}

Xylopia L., Systema Naturae ed. 10, 2: 1250, 1759 = Xylopicrum P. Browne; Hist. Jamaic. 250-251 + t. 5, fig. 2, 1756; Xylopicron, orth. mut., Adanson; Fam. 2: 365, 1763; Unona Linnaeus f., Suppl. pl. 270. Apr 1782; Bulliarda Necker, Elem. bot. 2: 321. 1790, nom. superfl., non Candolle, 1801; Krockeria Necker, Elem. bot. 2: 317-318. 1790; Coelocline A. de Candolle, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 5: 208-209. 1832; Habzelia Hook. f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 123. 1855, non A. DC.; Parartabotrys Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 3: 374. 1861 ['1860 ‘1860’]; Pseudanona (Baillon) Safford, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 17. 1913, as " Pseudannona." Description. Trees or shrubs, 2-50 m tall, d.b.h. up to 90 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent or present. Indumentum of simple hairs. Leaves: petiole 1-12 mm long, 1-2 mm wide; blade 3.6-21.3 cm long, 1.2-8.4 cm wide, lanceolate, ovate, elliptic, obovate, oblong, or oblanceolate, apex acuminate or acute or obtuse or cuspidate, acumen 0.2-2.1 cm long, base rounded, cordate, cuneate, obtuse, or truncate; midrib sunken or flat above, rarely slightly raised; secondary veins 7 to 20 pairs; tertiary venation reticulate. Inflorescences axillary, plants ramiflorous on young foliate or older leafless branches, rarely cauliflorous, 1-32-flowered; pedicel 1-12 mm long; in fruit 1-30 mm long; bracts 1-6, basal or inserted along the pedicel. Flowers bisexual with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls; sepals 3, valvate, free or basally fused, 1-7 mm long, apex acute or acuminate or rounded or apiculate, base truncate; petals free, outer petals longer than inner; outer petals 3, 5.8-64 mm long, 1.2-6 mm wide, linear, lanceolate, ligulate-lanceolate, or ovate, apex acute, rounded, or obtuse, base broad and concave; inner petals 3, valvate, 3.5-48 mm long, 1-5.4 mm wide, linear, ovate, oblong, rhombic, or lanceolate, apex acute, obtuse, or acuminate, base broad and concave,; stamens 40-300, 1-2 mm long, oblong or clavate; connective apex capitate, shieldlike, or conical, filaments connate at base to form a cone surrounding the carpels, or staminal cone absent; staminodes present, in one outer and one inner whorl, the inner whorl absent in X. aurantiiodora, X. mildbraedii, and X. quintasii; carpels free, 3 to 50, 1-3 mm long, stigma filiform, cylindrical, oblong, linear-falcate or ellipsoid. Monocarps dehiscent, stipitate, subsessile, or sessile; monocarps 1 to 36, 19-98 mm long, 6-40 mm wide, narrowly oblong to oblong, sometimes falciform, torulose, or moniliform, apex acute, rounded or mucronate; seeds 5-22 mm long, 3-17 mm wide, ellipsoid to oblong, somewhat flattened, seed coat with a fleshy outer layer (sarcotesta) and hard inner layer, or sarcotesta absent; aril absent or present. Type species. Xylopia muricata L. (a West Indian species). A genus of nearly 200 species trees and shrubs, the genus with a pantropical distribution. In Cameroon there are 22 species, comprising over 13% of the Annonaceae flora for the country, but no species is endemic to the country. The dehiscent monocarps of Xylopia are unique among the Annonaceae genera found in Cameroon. Xylopia flamignii Boutique was reported for Cameroon by Onana (2013), but the voucher specimen (Harris 3680B) has been re-identified as X. cupularis. Xylopia flamignii reaches its northern limit in southeastern Gabon and central Republic of the Congo (Johnson and Murray 2018). Taxonomy. Johnson and Murray (2018)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 441-442, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Onana, JM, 2013. Synopsis des especes vegetales vasculaires endemiques et rares du Cameroun - Check Liste pour la gestion durable et la conservation de la biodiversite. Flore du Cameroun 40. Herbier National du Cameroun, Yaounde, Cameroon","Johnson, DM, Murray, NA, 2018. A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa. PhytoKeys 97: 1 - 252, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975"]}

Artabotrys insignis Engl. & Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 483, 1907 Fig. 11; Map 2E = Artabotrys malchairi De Wild., Etudes Fl. Bangala & Ubangi: 312, 1911. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Equateur, Environ de Likimi, Malchair L. 282, 20 Apr 1910: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000014480478]; isotype: BR[BR0000014480461]. = Artabotrys insignis var. latifolius Pellegr., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 94: 256, 1947. Type. Gabon. Ogooué-Lolo, région de Lastoursville, Moughimba, Le Testu G.M.P.C. 8474; 27 Oct 1930: lectotype, here designated: P[P01954179]; isolectotype: BM[BM000546856]. = Artabotrys lucidus A. Chev.; Expl. Bot. Afr. Occ. Franc., 1: 9, 1920, nom. nud. Type. Cameroon. South Region; Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 2801, 1904: lectotype, sheet here designated: B[B 10 0153021]; isotypes: B[B 10 0153022]; COI[COI00004928]; GOET[GOET005674]; HBG[HBG502547]; K[K000198855]; MO[MO-216862]; P[P00363364]; S[S-G-7465]; WAG[WAG0053175]; WU[WU0025886]. Description. Liana, up to 10 m tall, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches pubescent with short appressed hairs. Leaves: petiole 2-3 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent to glabrous, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 10-20 cm long, 3.5-6 cm wide, ovate to elliptic, apex acuminate to acute, acumen 0.5-1 cm long, base acute, subcoriaceous, below sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old, above glabrous when young and old, concolorous; midrib impressed, above sparsely pubescent to glabrous when young, glabrous when old, below sparsely pubescent to pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent when old; secondary veins 9 to 12 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old leafless branches. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, leaf opposed, 1 to 3 per inflorescence, hook-shaped peduncle 16-25 mm long; pedicel 2-5 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent with short appressed hairs; in fruit 2-3 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 2(?), all basal, basal bracts not seen; sepals 3, valvate, free, 10-15 mm long, 5-8 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base truncate, green turning light reddish, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, sub equal; outer petals 3, 30-35 mm long, 7-12 mm wide, elliptic, apex acute, base attenuate (rounded), green, margins flat but recurved outwards in vivo, pubescent to densely pubescent outside, pubescent to sparsely pubescent inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 15-25 mm long, 2-6 mm wide, elliptic to oblong, apex acute, base broad and concave, margins flat, but recurved outwards in vivo, densely pubescent to pubescent outside, pubescent to sparsely pubescent inside; stamens numerous, number of rows not seen, 2 mm long, cuneiform; connective discoid, glabrous; staminodes absent; carpels free, 12 to 17, ovary 3-4 mm long, stigma cylindrical, pubescent. Monocarps sessile, 7 to 9, 20-25 mm long, 10-12 mm in diameter, ellipsoid, apex long apiculate and slightly curved, glabrous, smooth, not ribbed; red when ripe, seeds 2 per monocarp, 8-11 mm long, 4-6 mm in diameter, flattened ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A west and central African species, from Sierra Leone to Benin and from Cameroon to the Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from Central, East, South and South-West regions. Habitat. A fairly common species in Cameroon, in secondary rain forests a long fringes of forests, in swampy regions too. Altitude 100-800 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated. Uses in Cameroon. None recorded. Notes. Artabotrys insignis var. insignis is distinguished by its overall relatively glabrous branches and petioles, long (> 10 cm) elliptic leaves with an acute leaf base (more rarely rounded), long (10-15 mm) triangular sepals, long and wide petals, and glabrous smooth fruits with a distinctive long curved apicule. Specimens examined. Central Region: Route Ndanan I-Ndangan I, 3.62°N, 11.58°E, 10 March 2004, Cheek M. 11641 (K,YA); Yangafok II 25 km ENE de Bafia, 4.93°N, 11.37°E, 26 November 1969, Letouzey R. 9607 (P,YA). East Region: 82 km south of Yokadouma 30 km after Ngato 15 km after river ALPICAM 'base de vie’ then 40 km on forestry road starting 4 km before Maséa village, 3.15°N, 14.73°E, 06 March 2019, Couvreur T.L.P. 1214 (MPU,WAG,YA). South Region: Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.46°N, 10.35°E, 14 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 710 (WAG,YA); Ebom, 3.1°N, 10.73°E, 25 February 1997, Elad M. 580 (KRIBI,WAG); Ebom, 3.1°N, 10.71°E, 26 February 1997, Parren M.P.E. 4 (KRIBI,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 January 1904, Zenker G.A. 2801 (B,BR,K,L,P,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1907, Zenker G.A. 3320 (P). South-West Region: Mount Cameroon National Park on the Bomona trail behind Bomona village 10 km NW from Idenau, 4.29°N, 9.096°E, 03 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1044 (MPU,WAG,YA); Korup National Park, 5.28°N, 9.083°E, 03 April 1988, Thomas D.W. 7578 (MO,P)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 65-67, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432

Isolona hexaloba (Pierre) Engler, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. zu 3(2): 161, 1897 Figs 37, 38; Map 5D ≡ Monodora hexaloba Pierre, Fig. Herb. L. Pierre, del. E. Delpy 5/1896, 1896. = Isolona bruneelii De Wild., Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot. ser. 5, 3(1): 82, 1909. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Orientale, Dikila, Bruneel A.C.E. s.n., Dec 1906: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000008800152]; isotypes: BR[BR0000008799692, BR0000008799364, BR0000008799302]; S[S10-20956]. = Isolona seretii De Wild., Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot. ser. 5, 3[1]: 82, 1909. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Equateur, near Nala, Seret F. 792, Mar 1907: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000008800992]; isotype: BR[BR0000008801326]. = Isolona solheidii De Wild., Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot. sér. 5, 3: 83, 1909. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Equateur, surroundings of Yambuya, Solheid A.F. s.n., 1906: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000008799395]; isotype: BR[BR0000008799722]. = Isolona seretii var. grandifolia De Wild., Ét. Fl. Bang. Ub.: 313, 1911. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Orientale, Mobwasa, Claessens J. 615, Apr 1910: holotype: BR. = Isolona pleurocarpa subsp. nigerica Keay, Kew Bull. 7: 157, 1952. Type. Nigeria. Ijebu State, Shasha Forest Reserve, Richards P.W. 3343, 8 Apr 1935: holotype: BM[BM000546386]; isotypes: BR[BR0000014130090]; G[G00011543, G00011544]; MO[MO-2246487]; S[S10-20983]. Type. Gabon. Estuaire; Environs de Libreville, Klaine T.-J. 360, 17 Feb 1896: lectotype, sheet here designated: P[P00363270]; isotypes: B; K[K00198842]; P[P00363269, P00363268]; WAG[WAG0251603]. Description. Tree to shrub, 15-30 m tall, d.b.h. up to 50 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent, trunk deeply fluted. Indumentum absent; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches glabrous. Leaves: petiole 2-4 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, glabrous, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 10-28 cm long, 3-11 cm wide, ovate to elliptic, apex acuminate, acumen 1-2 cm long, base obtuse to acute, coriaceous, below glabrous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, concolorous; midrib raised, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 8 to 16 pairs, glabrous below; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old or young foliate branches, axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 2 whorls, 1 to 2 per inflorescence; pedicel 7-30 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, glabrous; in fruit 20-29 mm long, 3-5 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 3 to 5, several basal and one upper towards the lower half of pedicel, basal bracts ca. 1 mm long, 0.5 mm wide; upper bract 2-5 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 1-3 mm long, 2-4 mm wide, elliptic, apex acuminate, base truncate, green, glabrous outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals basally fused, tube 4-10 mm long, inner and outer whorl not differentiated, equal; lobes 6-25 mm long, 4-12 mm wide, elliptic to ovate, apex acute to rounded, dark red, margins flat to wavy, glabrous outside, glabrous inside, spreading horizontally; stamens numerous, in 3 to 4 rows, 2 mm long, broad; connective discoid, glabrous, green; staminodes absent; carpels fused into a single structure, ca. 1 mm long, stigma bilobed, slightly capitate, glabrous. Fruit syncarpous, sessile, 30-70 mm long, 25-40 mm in diameter, ovoid, apex rounded, glabrous, smooth, bumpy, irregularly and transversely ribbed, light green to dark purple when ripe; seeds not counted, 8-15 mm long, 4-6 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A widespread species from Nigeria to the Democratic Republic of Congo and northern Angola (one specimen); in Cameroon known from Adamaoua, East, South, Central, Littoral and South-West, North-West regions. Habitat. A relatively rare species in Cameroon; in lowland primary and secondary evergreen forests, but also in semi-deciduous forests, also along rivers. Altitude 0-700 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019t). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Isolona hexaloba is distinguished by the short and grooved petiole with the leaf blade inserted on its sides. The corolla lobes are coriaceous and can be quite variable in shape, ranging from elliptic to obovate, with a narrowed base. It is a polymorphic species and has been described under several names, now all reduced to synonymy (Couvreur 2009). Isolona hexaloba resembles I. cooperi by the shape of the corolla lobes, but is distinguished by the insertion of the leaf blade on the side a short petiole and lacks the strong sweet smell. Isolona hexaloba is also similar to I. pleurocarpa, but the later can be distinguished by its decurrent to narrowly cuneate leaf bases, longer petioles, and papyraceous corolla lobes. Specimens examined. Central Region: Tibati près Mbatimbang, 6.14°N, 12.48°E, 04 December 1959, Letouzey R. 2392 (P,YA). East Region: A 25 km environ à l’ENE de Mikel village situé à 85 km au N de Moloundou sur la route de Yokadouma 2.93°N, 15.33°E, 24 February 1971, Letouzey R. 10419 (P,WAG,YA); A 14 km à l’Ouest de Yenga Port Gentil village situé à 35 km au NNE de Moloundou, 2.35°N, 15.35°E, 21 April 1971, Letouzey R. 10703 (BR,COI,K,P,WAG,YA); A 20 km au Sud de Mboy I (45 km à l’Est de Yokadouma), 3.38°N, 15.13°E, 16 May 1963, Letouzey R. 5072 (K,P,WAG,YA). Littoral Region: Douala (route Razel), 4.05°N, 9.71°E, 01 January 1955, Endengle E. SRFK 2121 (P,YA); Roue forestière SNCB (km 36 vers Ndoksom) environ 25 km Sud Yabassi, 4.31°N, 9.958°E, 11 May 1976, Letouzey R. 14910 (C,K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Tissongo, 3.58°N, 9.9°E, 01 August 1976, McKey D.B. 245 (K). South Region: ca 15 km east from Lélé village, 2.28°N, 13.32°E, 10 September 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 495 (WAG,YA); near Bipaga II km 40 road Kribi-Edéa, 3.15°N, 10.01°E, 30 December 1982, de Kruif A.P.M. 998 (MO,WAG,YA); 17 km S of the Lobe river along the road to Campo, 2.81°N, 10.13°E, 18 March 1975, de Wilde J.J.F.E 8088 (BR,K,MO,P,U,WAG,YA); A l’Ouest d’Alati (100 km SE de Djoum), 2.2°N, 13.42°E, 13 January 1973, Letouzey R. 11840 (K,P,YA); 22 km on road Kribi to Campo 12 km past Gross Batanga, 2.76°N, 9.881°E, 24 February 1994, Wieringa J.J. 2327 (MPU,U,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 November 1901, Zenker G.A. s.n. (P). South-West Region: Korup National Park, 5.01°N, 8.783°E, 31 October 2005, van der Burgt X.M. 791 (BR,G,K,MO,P,WAG,YA). West Region: Bali- Ngemba FR, 5.81°N, 10.08°E, 13 April 2002, Onana J.M. 2030 (K,WAG)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 141-144, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019t. Isolona hexaloba. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132677050A132678224. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132677050A132678224.en","Couvreur, TLP, 2009. Monograph of the syncarpous African genera Isolona and Monodora (Annonaceae). Systematic Botany Monographs 87: 1 - 150","Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371"]}

Meiocarpidium Engl. & Diels, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 54, 1900 Type species. Meiocarpidium oliverianum (Baillon) D.M.Johnson & N.A.Murray Description. Same as species. A monotypic genus from the Central Atlantic African region (Lower Guinea). Meiocarpidium is characterized by the presence of peltate scale-like hairs, a character unique among Central African Annonaceae. Taxonomy. Le Thomas (1969b)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 159-160, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371"]}

Monanthotaxis ferruginea (Oliv.) Engl. & Diels, Kew Bull. 25(1): 26, 1971 Map 7E ≡ Unona ferruginea Oliv., Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 35, 1868. Popowia ferruginea (Oliv.) Engl. & Diels: Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 46, 1901. = Unona eminii Engl., Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C: 179, 1895. Syntypes: Stuhlmann F.L. 1556, n.v., Stuhlmann F.L. 4022, n.v. = Popowia djumaensis De Wild., Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot. sér. 5, 3[1]: 76, 1909. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Bandundu, vallée de la Dju Gillet J. 2803, Jul. 1907: holotype: BR[BR0000008803160, BR0000008803962]. Type. Angola. Cuanza Norte; Golungo Alto, Welwitsch F.M.J. 761, Jul 1855: lectotype, designated by Paiva (1966), p. 41: LISU[LISU206061]; isolectotypes: B[B100153029]; BM[BM000553834, BM000553835]; BR[BR0000008805324]; COI[COI00004905]; G[G00308369]; K[K000198968]; LISU[LISU206062]; P[P00362602]. Description. Shrub to liana, 3-6 m tall, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrescent, young foliate branches densely pubescent with dense erect reddish brown hairs 0.5-0.9 mm long. Leaves: petiole 4-8 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent, cylindrical, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 3.6-17.2 cm long, 1.8-6.8 cm wide, obovate to oblong-elliptic, apex acute, base subcordate, papyraceous, below pubescent with erect reddish brown hairs when young, sparsely pubescent when old, above sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above pubescent when young and old, below densely pubescent when young, pubescent when old; secondary veins 7 to 15 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old leafless branches, leaf opposed to extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 13-36 mm long, 0.5-1 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 5-27 mm long, 1 mm in diameter; bracts 2, one basal, soon falling, and one upper towards the middle of pedicel or lower half of pedicel, basal bract not seen, upper bract 2-6 mm long, 1-5 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 2-3 mm long, 3 mm wide, ovate to semiorbicular, apex rounded, base truncate, sparsely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals longer than inner, inner petals entirely covered in bud; outer petals 3, 5.8-6.7 mm long, 4.5-6 mm wide, ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, pale yellow, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, pubescent towards the margins inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 3-5.4 mm long, 2.7-2.9 mm wide, elliptic to ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, pale yellow, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, pubescent with a glabrous base inside; stamens 22 to 25, in 3 rows, 1-2 mm long, obovate; connective truncate, glabrous; staminodes absent; carpels free, 12 to 24, ovary 1-2 mm long, stigma elongate, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 3-7 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter; monocarps 2 to 17, 12-35 mm long, 6-9 mm in diameter, moniliform, ellipsoid, apex rounded to apiculate, glabrous, verrucose to weakly torulose, constricted around seeds when more than 1, orange to red when ripe; seeds 1 to 3(to 5) per monocarp, 7-8 mm long, 5-6 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A widespread species in Central and East Africa, with a disjunct distribution between Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo and western Democratic Republic of the Congo and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda, Ethiopia, and western Tanzania and Kenya; in Cameroon known from the East and South regions. Habitat. A fairly uncommon species in Cameroon, known from three collections to date; in gallery forests, lowland rain forest, brachystegia woodlands, forest edges, old secondary forests, montane forests and rocky plateaus. Altitude 300-700 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. Preliminary IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Hoekstra et al. 2021). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Monanthotaxis ferruginea is distinguished by its pubescent branches, petioles and underside of leaf blades with dense erect reddish brown hairs, and its flowers with 22-25 stamens and glabrous carpels. In the vegetative state, it resembles M. bokoli, but M. ferruginea has acute leaf apices (for specimens in Cameroon and Gabon), while these are obtuse in M. bokoli. Specimens examined. East Region: Letta vers Bertoua, 4.55°N, 13.49°E, 07 February 1960, Letouzey R. 2955 (P,P,YA). South Region: 25 km on the road from N’Koemvone to Akoakas Akoakas rock, 2.71°N, 11.28°E, 18 July 1975, de Wilde J.J.F.E 8371 (BR,MO,P,WAG); Rocher d’Ako’Akas 25 km SE d’Ebolowa sur piste d’Evindissi, 2.43°N, 11.18°E, 04 February 1970, Letouzey R. 10007 (IFAN,MO,P,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 196-197, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Paiva, JAR, 1966. Revisao das Annonaceae de Angola. Memorias Sociedade Broteriana 19: 5 - 128","Hoekstra, PH, Wieringa, JJ, Maas, JM, Chatrou, LW, 2021. Revision of the African species of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae). Blumea 66: 107 - 221, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.02.01"]}

Sirdavidia Couvreur & Sauquet, PhytoKeys 46: 4, 2015. Type species. Sirdavidia solannona Couvreur & Sauquet. Description. Same as species. Taxonomy. Couvreur et al. (2015)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on page 317, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Couvreur, TLP, Sonke, B, Niangadouma, R, Sauquet, H, 2015. Sirdavidia, an extraordinary new genus of Annonaceae from Gabon. PhytoKeys 46: 1 - 19, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.46.8937"]}

Monanthotaxis bokoli (De Wild. & T. Durand) Verdc., Kew Bull. 25(1): 24, 1971 Fig. 46; Map 6E ≡ Xylopia bokoli De Wild. & T. Durand, Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot. sér. 2, 1(2.1): 2, 1900; Popowia bokoli (De Wild. & T. Durand) Boutique, Fl. Congo Belge & Ruanda-Urundi 2: 349, 1951. = Popowia iboundjiensis Pellegr., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 96: 212, 1950. Type. Gabon. Ngounié, Ndingui (Mullerville), Le Testu G.M.P.C. 5729, 11 nov 1925: lectotype, chosen by Hoekstra et al. (2021), p. 134: P[P00362791]; isolectotypes: BM[BM000553827]; LISC[LISC000388]; P[P00362789, P00362790]. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. no region; no location, Dewèvre A.P. 785 , no date: lectotype, sheet designated in Hoekstra et al. (2021), p. 133: BR[BR0000024941433]; isolectotypes: BR [BR0000008804020, BR0000008804358]. Description. Shrub to liana, 6 m tall, d.b.h unknown. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrescent with lenticels, young foliate branches densely pubescent with erect reddish brown hairs 0.4-1.3 mm long. Leaves: petiole 3-6 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, pubescent, cylindrical, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 4.5-12.5 cm long, 2-7 cm wide, oblong to elliptic, apex obtuse, base subcordate, papyraceous to subcoriaceous, below sparsely pubescent when young and old, above sparsely pubescent to glabrous when young and old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above pubescent when young and old, below pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 7 to 11 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young and old leafless branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 11-24 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent to densely pubescent; in fruit 12-22 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter; basal bracts when present 1-2 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; upper bract 1-2 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, 3-4 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, ovate, apex rounded, base truncate, sparsely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals longer than inner, inner petals entirely covered in bud; outer petals 3, 15-19 mm long, 8.4-11.8 mm wide, ovate, apex rounded to obtuse, base truncate, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, pubescent inside; inner petals 3, valvate, ca. 13 mm long, 4.5-5.5 mm wide, linear to elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, glabrous but pubescent towards margins inside; stamens 24 to 32, in 3 to 4 rows, ca. 1 mm long, obovate; connective truncate, glabrous; staminodes absent; carpels free, 27 to 38, ovary ca. 3 mm long, stigma cylindrical, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 7-25 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter; monocarps 1 to 25, 26-65 mm long, 5-8 mm in diameter, moniliform, cylindrical, apex rounded to apiculate, glabrous, verrucose to weakly torulose, constricted around seeds when more than 1, yellow turning orange when ripe; seeds 1 to 4 per monocarp, 14-21 mm long, 4-6 mm in diameter, subcylindrical; aril absent. Distribution. A central African species, from Cameroon to Gabon, and the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from the Adamaoua, East and South-West regions. Habitat. A rare species in Cameroon but with a wide distribution; in swamp forests, gallery forests, premontane primary and secondary rain forests. Altitude: 600-1200 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. Preliminary IUCN conservation status. Least concern (LC) (Hoekstra et al. 2021). Uses in Cameroon. None recorded. Notes. Monanthotaxis bokoli is distinguished by its dense erect reddish brown hairs on the branches and leaves, large flowers, almost glabrous inner petals inside and monocarps with long stipes and subcylindrical seeds. In pubescence M. bokoli resembles M. ferruginea. Specimens examined. Adamaoua Region: rocher conglomératique de Mbalarzi dans la vallée de la Mbere (65 km NE de Meiganga), 7°N, 14.51°E, 16 October 1963, Letouzey R. 6195 (P). East Region: km 17 of Bétaré Oya-Meiganga road 5 km SE of Ndokayo, 5.55°N, 14.1°E, 03 February 1966, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 7716 (BR,K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Kongolo, 5.4°N, 14.03°E, 01 April 1914, Mildbraed G.W.J. 9010 (K). South-West Region: Piste Akwaya-Mamfe près Makomono 7 km S Akwaya, 6.31°N, 9.557°E, 25 July 1975, Letouzey R. 14081 (MO,P,WAG,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 172-174, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Hoekstra, PH, Wieringa, JJ, Maas, JM, Chatrou, LW, 2021. Revision of the African species of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae). Blumea 66: 107 - 221, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.02.01","Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371"]}