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Supplementary Material 1

Background Podiatry is an allied health profession which has seen a substantial decline in numbers in recent years. Every effort is required to recruit more students to reverse this diminishing supply and meet national foot health needs. To increase the number of applications to podiatry courses and encourage individuals to choose podiatry careers, the aim of this study was to understand the key motivations, sources of influence and barriers to choosing a podiatry career among current podiatry students, and consider the influence of choosing podiatry before or after a first career. Methods An online questionnaire, comprising mainly Likert-scale questions, was disseminated to podiatry students in England between February and March 2021. Respondents to the questionnaire were categorised as individuals who had either decided to engage in the profession ‘before’ or ‘after’ a first career. Mann-Whitney U non-parametric difference tests were performed to compare outcome questions relating to motivations, sources of influence and barriers between groups. Results One hundred and fifteen students completed the questionnaire. Overall, the study demonstrated many similarities between the groups (before and after a first career). However, there were distinct differences when considering some of the motivations (i.e., intellectually stimulating, student bursaries), sources of influence (i.e., own patient experience) and barriers (i.e., financial, job availability) associated with engaging in the podiatry profession. Overall, altruistic reasons were the key motivations for choosing podiatry. Personal sources of influence such as conducting own research, was the most important source of influence. Similar to other studies, a lack of awareness of the podiatry profession and what it entails remains problematic. Conclusions This is the first national questionnaire investigating career choice decision-making for podiatry students in England or in any other country. The similarities suggest that marketing is applicable to both groups. However, an absolute must is a future national strategy that makes educational sources more impactful. Additionally, following the Covid-19 pandemic, the increased interest in health and care professions suggests now is the right time to market podiatry to individuals looking for a career change. Finally, the influence of personal encounters with podiatrists shows the transformational role podiatrists can have in recruiting to the profession.

Purpose: The HERizon Project is a home-based multi-component physical activity (PA) intervention for adolescent girls in the UK and Ireland. This study was a formative evaluation of its implementation during the initial COVID-19 lockdown restrictions. Methods: 42 female participants aged 13 to 16 years old (mean = 14.2, SD = 1.1), were randomly allocated to: (i) the HERizon intervention group (n = 22) or (ii) a wait-list control group (n = 20). Participants in the six-week intervention group were asked to complete three PA sessions of their choice each week, engage in weekly need-supportive videocalls with an Activity Mentor, and had access to live workouts and a private social media group. The primary outcome was self-reported habitual PA. Secondary outcomes included cardiorespiratory fitness (20 m shuttle run), muscular strength (standing long jump), muscular endurance (push up test), and psychosocial outcomes (Perceived Competence Scale, Body Appreciation Scale, Self-Esteem Questionnaire, Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire). Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and after the six-week intervention. Quantitative and qualitative process evaluation data were also collected which included online interviews (n = 10). Linear mixed modelling and reflexive thematic analysis were used to analyse the data. Results: There was no significant change in habitual PA between groups (p = 0.767). The intervention group had significantly increased cardiorespiratory fitness (p = 0.001), muscular endurance (p = 0.022), intrinsic motivation (p = 0.037), and body appreciation (p, The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol. 14 No. 3 (2021): Proceedings from the 8th International Society for Physical Activity and Health Congress

Additional file 1. Questionnaire - An example of the full questionnaire which was distributed to students is provided.

Additional file 2: Supplementary Table 1. Day-today context for engaging in podiatry for both Pre-FC and Post-FC participants and Supplementary Table 2. How information on podiatry is accessed for both Pre-FC and Post-FC participants and Supplementary Table 3. Professional, personal and understanding barriers for engaging in podiatry for both Pre-FC and Post-FC participants.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Formula for PAFs. Figure S2. Association of Adiposity markers with overall, liver, pancreas and colorectal cancer mortality. Figure S3. Association of Adiposity markers with colorectal cancer incidence. Figure S4. Association of Adiposity markers with colorectal cancer mortality. Figure S5. Association of Adiposity markers with gallbladder and stomach cancer mortality. Figure S6. Association of Adiposity markers oesophagus, oral and lung cancer mortality in no smokers. Figure S7. Association of Adiposity markers with lymphatic cancer mortality. Figure S8. Association of Adiposity markers with uterine, endometrial, ovary and cervical cancer incidence adjusted. Figure S9. Association of Adiposity markers with uterine, endometrial, ovary and cervical cancer mortality. Figure S10. Association of Adiposity markers with prostate, testicular cancer in men and breast cancer in postmenopausal women mortality. Figure S11. Association of adiposity markers with prostate, testicular, and breast cancer incidence additionally adjusted for sex-related covariates. Figure S12. Association of adiposity markers with brain, melanoma, thyroid, bladder and kidney cancer mortality. Figure S13. Association of Adiposity markers with overall, liver, pancreas, colorectal cancer and stomach cardia incidence with underweight people. Figure S14. Association of Adiposity markers with gallbladder, bladder, kidney, breast and endometrium cancer incidence with underweight people. Table S1. Association of adiposity markers with incidence from 24 cancer sites per 1 SD increase in adiposity markers. Table S2. Association of adiposity markers with mortality from 24 cancer sites per 1 SD increase in adiposity markers. Table S3. C-Index for the predictive ability of BMI versus other adiposity markers. Table S4. Association of adiposity markers with incidence from 24 cancer sites after accounting for competing risk. Table S5. Association of adiposity markers with incidence from 24 cancer sites per 1 SD increase in adiposity markers with height as covariate. Table S6. Association of adiposity markers with mortality from 24 cancer sites per 1 SD increase in adiposity markers with height as covariate.

Emma worked as an NHS podiatrist in general practice before gaining a Senior 1 role specialising in musculoskeletal podiatry. During this time, she undertook a Masters degree in Clinical Podiatric Biomechanics. Having enjoyed mentoring students on placement, she decided a career in education was her next step. Emma gained postgraduate qualifications in learning and teaching and corticosteroid injection therapy, and extended scope skills in manual therapy and gait analysis, and is currently writing up her PhD thesis on Applied Biomechanics. Emma has been awarded fellowships from the Higher Education Academy, the College of Podiatry and the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow (both in podiatric medicine) and Chartered Scientist status from the Science Council

Musculoskeletal pains in the foot and ankle are a common cause of disability, particularly in middle to older age groups. It is the reason why many of our patients seek help and relief from symptoms. One of the main challenges facing our profession is to provide safe and effective treatments for joint and soft-tissue pains in the foot and ankle. Not only do we need to show patient benefit, we also need to understand the how our treatments work. For this edition we have invited a wide variety of authors from home-grown and international podiatrists with clinical and research expertise in musculoskeletal conditions. We have included big picture articles like, ‘Foot pain - what are the big issues?’ and ‘What has research taught us about foot and ankle conditions in the last 10 years?’. We also included articles to inform our core practice ‘Paradigms of foot and ankle function’ and ‘How do foot orthoses work?’. There are also topical articles around new emerging treatments, such as taping and manual therapies. Finally, possibly the most important issue is addressed: ‘What is the impact of our profession in musculoskeletal conditions?’.In line with MSK:UK’s main aims, we hope this edition will be enjoyable and inform your clinical knowledge.

In a new regular discussion series for Podiatry Now, we bring togethera group of leading podiatrists to discuss common and sometimeschallenging conditions that will be familiar to all practising podiatrists.We pose a series of questions to the panel and their responses providea valuable insight into the current knowledge base. In the first of theseseries, our experts share their knowledge on the clinical assessment andmanagement of plantar heel pain.