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21 results on '"Cox, Kieran D."'

16. Infaunal community responses to ancient clam gardens

Author

Cox, Kieran D, primary, Gerwing, Travis G, additional, Macdonald, Tara, additional, Hessing-Lewis, Margot, additional, Millard-Martin, Ben, additional, Command, Rylan J, additional, Juanes, Francis, additional, and Dudas, Sarah E, additional

Published
2019
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17. Human Consumption of Microplastics

Author

Cox, Kieran D., primary, Covernton, Garth A., additional, Davies, Hailey L., additional, Dower, John F., additional, Juanes, Francis, additional, and Dudas, Sarah E., additional

Published
2019
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18. Poleward range expansion of invasive bopyrid isopod, Orthione griffenis Markham, 2004, confirmed by establishment in Central British Columbia, Canada.

Author

Whalen, Matthew A., Millard-Martin, Ben R., Cox, Kieran D., Lemay, Matthew A., and Paulay, Gustav

Subjects
BIOLOGICAL invasions, BIODIVERSITY monitoring, SHRIMP populations, LOCAL history, LIFE history theory, MARINE biology
Abstract

Dispersal of parasites into novel host populations is often initiated by human activities at global scales, but largely determined by parasite and host life history traits at local scales. In summer 2017, we discovered the parasitic bopyrid isopod, Orthione griffenis Markham, 2004, in a population of mud shrimp, Upogebia pugettensis (Dana, 1852), in Central British Columbia, Canada. This parasite has infested most host populations along the Pacific coast of North America to the south. We estimated that 25% of susceptible hosts on Calvert Island were parasitized during summer 2018 and winter 2019. Steady infestation of mud shrimp on Calvert Island confirmed that the invasive bopyrid has successfully established itself in a novel host population 300 km further north than previously recorded, but with lower parasite prevalence than in the known invasive range, where heavy infestations have been implicated in host population declines. Prevalence rates increased with host size as previously documented, with a minimum infestation size of 10.6 mm carapace length. The parasite has a planktonic larval phase, suggesting that its spread along the coast is not limited to transport via boat traffic. The prognosis for the persistence of Upogebia in Canada and further north is unclear, but population declines further south in the presence of O. griffenis provide a troubling outlook. As biodiversity monitoring efforts continue in this region, tracking the spread of parasites like O. griffenis and their impacts on host populations will yield new insights into the traits that make invasive species successful and the ecosystem consequences of invasions in changing environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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21. Community assessment techniques and the implications for rarefaction and extrapolation with Hill numbers

Author

Cox, Kieran D., Black, Morgan J., Filip, Natalia, Miller, Matthew R., Mohns, Kayla, Mortimor, James, Freitas, Thaise R., Loerzer, Raquel Greiter, Gerwing, Travis G., Juanes, Francis, and Dudas, Sarah E.

Subjects
Ecology, FOS: Biological sciences, Environmental monitoring, respiratory system, 15. Life on land, human activities, Species diversity
Abstract

Diversity estimates play a key role in ecological assessments. Species richness and abundance are commonly used to generate complex diversity indices that are dependent on the quality of these estimates. As such, there is a long-standing interest in the development of monitoring techniques, their ability to adequately assess species diversity, and the implications for generated indices. To determine the ability of substratum community assessment methods to capture species diversity, we evaluated four methods: photo quadrat, point intercept, random subsampling, and full quadrat assessments. Species density, abundance, richness, Shannon diversity, and Simpson diversity were then calculated for each method. We then conducted a method validation at a subset of locations to serve as an indication for how well each method captured the totality of the diversity present. Density, richness, Shannon diversity, and Simpson diversity estimates varied between methods, despite assessments occurring at the same locations, with photo quadrats detecting the lowest estimates and full quadrat assessments the highest. Abundance estimates were consistent among methods. Sample-based rarefaction and extrapolation curves indicated that differences between Hill numbers (richness, Shannon diversity, and Simpson diversity) were significant in the majority of cases, and coverage-based rarefaction and extrapolation curves confirmed that these dissimilarities were due to differences between the methods, not the sample completeness. Method validation highlighted the inability of the tested methods to capture the totality of the diversity present, while further supporting the notion of extrapolating abundances. Our results highlight the need for consistency across research methods, the advantages of utilizing multiple diversity indices, and potential concerns and considerations when comparing data from multiple sources.

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