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The essays of Deborah Jenson and Chelsea Stieber point the way forward: a closer relationship amongst colleagues in the region, a deep analysis of the foundations that define us and our own way of progressing, as well as a careful look at the structures of national communities and their way of distancing themselves from this relatively hostile global universe. They retain the importance of the local language in getting closer to lived reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay traces the author's intellectual trajectory as a Road Scholar translating academic discourse into the language of the street. Cooper acknowledges the trademarks by which she has come to be known: cultural critic, language-rights activist, feminist scholar, incisive newspaper columnist, television talk show host. These trademarks represent the interwoven strands of the ideas she elaborates in her academic work and her interventions in the media, both local and international. Her brand is an assemblage of identities sharing a common ideological core: contesting many of the "givens" she inherited as a Black girl growing up in the 1950s when institutional racism and class prejudice defined the appropriate place for African Jamaicans. On the periphery! As a public intellectual, Cooper interrogates the fictive national motto—"Out of many, one people"—that reinscribes the diminution of the "many." She locates the culture of the African Jamaican majority at the very center of national consciousness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carolyn Cooper's influence as an academic converges with her important work as tastemaker and trendsetter for Jamaica and the wider Caribbean. In this personal homage to Cooper, charted through their meetings in Haiti, Jamaica, and London, the author proposes that we see this convergence in historical continuity with the resistive potential of swag as manifested in Caribbean expressive performative traditions, including Jamaica's Junkanoo. The same subversive style ties together the Junkanoo reveler captured by Isaac Belisario and Carolyn Cooper's verbal wit and sartorial elegance. Her embodied wor(l)ds convey a powerful message that coolly brushes aside middle-class timidity and conformism to inspire postcolonial people not just in the Caribbean but across the global South, empowering people to wield the beauty of creolized language, music, and movement as decolonial weapons infused with pride and joy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the need for linguists to change their approach to teaching Creole languages in order to rectify historical biases and promote equitable inclusion. The authors developed the Mis/Underrepresented Languages: Teaching and Inclusion (MULTI) Project, which provides pedagogical resources for integrating Creole language data and expertise into linguistics courses. The project aims to amplify the voices of Creole language users and empower educators to incorporate Creole languages into their classrooms. It includes resources such as video clips of interviews with Creole users, contextualized problem sets, and a facilitation guide for incorporating these materials into curricula. The text also emphasizes the importance of diversity and inclusivity in linguistics education, particularly in relation to underrepresented languages and language varieties. [Extracted from the article]

This study explores the extent to which Palenquero/Spanish bilinguals, a population that is said to have a residual high tone of African origin, keep their two languages temporally and intonationally distinct across statements. While creole languages that emerged from the contact of African and European languages, such as Palenquero, may develop hybrid prosodic systems with tones from substrate languages, and stress from the majority language, language-specific prosody might be expected to converge or simplify over the course of time. As prosodic convergence seems to be inescapable under Palenquero's circumstances, which factors could support language-specific prosody in this population, if there are any? Two-hundred and thirty-four five-syllable statements were elicited through a discourse completion task, with the participation of ten Palenquero/Spanish bilinguals, in two unilingual sessions. Both phrase-final lengthening and F0 contours were assessed using linear mixed-effects models testing their association with final stress, language, and generation. F0 contours were dimensionally reduced using functional principal component analysis. Despite the strong similarities between the two languages, results indicate that both groups keep their two languages intonationally distinct using plateau-shaped contours in Palenquero initial rises followed by steeper declinations in Spanish. However, elderly bilinguals implement penultimate lengthening language-specifically, being more pronounced in Palenquero. Adults, in contrast, do not show this distinction. In addition to this, elderly speakers show hyperarticulation in Spanish intonation, increasing the difference between their languages. This leads us to believe that adults exhibit a more simplified prosodic system between their languages, relative to elderly bilinguals. In spite of such differences, both generations seem to have the same underlying process (perhaps a substrate effect) driving plateau-shaped intonation in Palenquero, which enhances language differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines Glissant's idea of generosity against Derrida's non-concept of absolute hospitality through their different approaches to language and translation, further illuminated by recent theoretical contributions by decolonial critics and theorists from the Global South. Generosity as the recognition of the Other's innate nobility manifests a Relation without ethics since the latter presupposes an exchange subtended by the principles of commensurability and transparency. Underpinning his reflection on the strangers' co-presence in the world is the "improbable" case of creole languages which, far from being mere by-products of the physical labor forcibly extracted from their speakers, or operating as contingent and disposable tools, became enduring idioms that bear testimony to the material conditions and the historical context of their creation while continuing to bear the traces of their coming-into-being. In the wake of the abyssal experience of the Middle Passage, Glissant's proposition invites us to consider generosity as the model for an incommensurable and untranslatable Relation epitomized in his poetic creed: "Je te parle dans ta langue, et c'est dans mon langage que je t'entends." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article historicizes the character of Bouki in the context of Creole Louisiana, showing how the story of Bouki has evolved to become the story of Kouri-Vini, Louisiana's native and endangered Creole language. This historicization takes place in three distinct periods; those periods are defined by their relation to Kouri-Vini. The first period aligns with the Antebellum period; the second aligns with the early 20th century; and the final coincides with the present day. Moving across these periods, Bouki finds himself demoted, at which point he enters the 'creolized folkloresque.' The folkloresque is a larger mosaic of folkloric forms detached from the material conditions of their production and available to popular culture; for the folkloresque to be creolized designates the same process but under vastly unequal social and material conditions. In short, Bouki enters the creolized folkloresque, becoming a folkoresque figure available to all who find themselves subject to creolized conditions. In the pre-American part of Louisiana's history, creolized conditions included slavery and colonization; post-Americanization, linguistic discrimination plays an outsized role. Where such conditions persist in Louisiana, there Bouki can be found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we discuss the way of life of haitians in Porto Velho - RO, taking into account aspects such as language, in this case Haitian Creole, and religion. This research was carried out using bibliographic data, participant observation and oral history. To obtain the data, we conducted interviews in Haitian Creole, the mother tongue of the main author and the interviewees. The research made it possible to understand interculturality in the migration process of Haitians in Porto Velho - RO, since the mother tongue and religion are elements that are configured as sociocultural practices that contribute to the strengthening of the Haitian community in Brazil, producing a feeling of belonging, acceptance and security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on analyzing verb marking and classifying adjectival predicates in creole languages, with specific emphasis on Vincentian Creole. It explores how tense marking interacts with different predicate types and influences temporal readings and syntactic behavior in creoles. It aims to contribute to a better understanding of adjectival predicates in English-based creoles and reevaluate the notion of the creole prototype.

The verbal suffix ‑(a)bad is a frequent form in Australian Kriol and is well attested across all described varieties of the language. Despite the prevalence of this suffix, its precise semantics have so far gone undescribed in the literature. In this article, we present a semantic analysis of this suffix, drawing on data from a variety of Kriol spoken in the north-east Kimberley region of Western Australia. We argue that the diverse set of readings associated with ‑(a)bad can be best unified under an analysis of this form as a marker of verbal plurality (i.e. pluractionality). The suffix derives a set of plural events from a modified verb stem, which then interacts with aspect and argument structure to produce a wide range of readings, particularly readings of temporal, participant, and spatial plurality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yarrie Lingo is the local name for the English-lexified creole language spoken in the Aboriginal community of Yarrabah in far north-eastern Queensland, Australia. This creole has only recently been gaining recognition but it is the main language of everyday interactions in Yarrabah. This study describes the recognitional trajectory of Yarrie Lingo and what has fostered this language awareness. With a focus on the experiences of the local Aboriginal educator, language activist and researcher, Bernadine Yeatman, we showcase a range of grounded methodologies, including devices like language posters, interviews and illustrative stories, along with maps, timelines and cartoons developed in conjunction with a linguist, Denise Angelo. This shines a light onto the practical 'how to' of language awareness for under-recognised language communities and the potential support a linguist can provide. It exemplifies a research approach which engages linguistic knowledge with local language expertise to co-design materials for community members, educators and service providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jahrbuch für Germanistische Sprachgeschicht is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Contact between French and Martinican Creole (MC) takes place in a society where bilingualism is the standard, in a situation of constant language mixing. French and MC, although related, show significant typological divergences on some specific features, e.g. the order between noun and definite determiner in the noun phrase, or the use of a linker to mark a possessive embedded noun phrase. In this paper, I explore the possible combination of the different values of these features in mixed noun phrases occurring in corpora. I inquire about the possible parameters which may influence the outcome and explain the relative frequencies of these different combinations. It appears that there is a partially common pool of elementary structures. Many utterances fall into the category termed by Muysken (2000) 'congruent lexicalization'. I also observe that apparent complex double embeddings have an internal logic, as they result from adjunction of multi-word modifiers. Finally I propose a model which accounts for the observed occurrences by postulating a level in the speech generation process where language itself is underspecified, and where it is in a position to be specified on the fly by contextual factors, coming either from the lexicon or from the constructional frame. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes and analyses the linguistic situation and current status of Creole in the Cape Verde Islands. The focus is partly on the demography and the history, but mainly on the linguistic politics of this territory and the position of Creole in Cape Verdean society. Creole is the mother tongue of practically the entire Cape Verdean population and the language is used in all informal oral and written communication. The majority of the local population wish Creole to be used in schools and in formal written communication, desiring that the country will move definitively from diglossia to bilingualism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the debate on the ontological status of creoles and mixed languages by analyzing the Berbice Dutch language formation underlying assumptions of the two-stage genesis scenario proposed by the authors. Topics include differences between traditional languages and contact languages, including pidgins, creoles, and intertwined languages; and consequence of prior pidginhood resulting in a relative lack of grammatical complexity compared to traditional languages.

Berbice Dutch was a creole language spoken in the Republic of Guyana in South America, a country first under Dutch, and later under British colonial rule. Owing mainly to Silvia Kouwenberg (A grammar of Berbice Dutch Creole, De Gruyter Mouton, 1994), we were blessed with a detailed synchronic documentation of Berbice Dutch before its demise. However, the formation of the language remains clouded in mystery: its grammar and (basic) lexicon display a seemingly unique mixture of Dutch (Creole) and Eastern Ijo, as a result of which the language is often portrayed as a challenge to existing contact-linguistic theory. In this paper, a scenario is proposed that, rather than challenging the said theory, is fully grounded in it: it will be argued that the language was a case of serial glottogenesis: a first stage of creolisation was later followed by language mixing. The paper furthermore presents hitherto unknown historical data pertaining to the arrival of Ijo speakers in Berbice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the emergence of Berbice Dutch, detailing the process of "creolization" of Dutch in Berbice and questioning the definition of creoles. Topics include arrival of the slave ship Sint Antony Galeij and the importance of timing and demographics, the antiexceptionalist position which suggests that morphological impoverishment; and evolution of language varieties and the changing definition of creoles for a reevaluation of a language.

The two African English-lexifier Creole languages Krio (Sierra Leone) and Pichi (Equatorial Guinea) are closely related. A close look at specific aspects of their grammar, however, shows divergence due to differing contact ecologies since their split in the 19th century. Krio has been spoken alongside its lexifier (the main lexicon-providing language) and superstrate (the socially dominant colonial language) English since its beginnings and Pichi alongside its superstrate Spanish for almost two centuries, but not alongside English. Resulting differences in contact outcomes transpire in the expression of tense, aspect, and mood, and the use of prepositions for the marking of participants. In these two areas, Krio has converged more with English than Pichi with Spanish because existing overlaps between Creole and lexifier forms have facilitated transfer from English. There is therefore evidence for different contact outcomes in Creoles depending on whether they continue to be in contact with a superstrate that is simultaneously the lexifier (in this case English), or not. No previous work has compared Krio and Pichi nor looked at these two Creole languages from the viewpoint of their differing linguistic ecologies and their resulting differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This letter discusses the availability of non-English language telephone recordings at ambulatory clinics in Boston, Massachusetts. The study used a "secret shopper" approach to evaluate the recordings at primary care and specialty clinics. The results showed that 35% of the clinics offered options to proceed in non-English languages, with primary care clinics more likely to offer these recordings compared to specialty clinics. The most common non-English languages represented were Spanish, Cantonese/Mandarin, Haitian Creole, and Cape Verdean Creole. The study highlights the importance of language-concordant telephone recordings in facilitating access to healthcare and reducing disparities in care. [Extracted from the article]

In this article I show how ubiquitous hybridity is in cultures. It is enabled by layers of population movements and contacts since the dispersal of Homo sapiens out of Africa around 50,000 years ago. I demonstrate how hybridization has proceeded in the emergence of creole language varieties and show that the same process has also driven, for instance, the emergence and differential evolution of English and the speciation of Vulgar Latin into the Romance languages. Differences in outcomes are determined by the specificities of the contact ecologies, including population structure, differences in the demographic proportions of the populations in contact and power relations between them, as well as patterns of population growth, among other factors. I argue that hybridity is not unique to languages. It is conspicuous in other domains of culture, including cuisine, music, clothing fashions, and technologies, for example. I submit a uniformitarian approach inspired by evolutionary biology to better understand how hybridization occurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zamboanga Chavacano is a Philippine Creole Spanish (PCS) variety, spoken as a first language (L1) by over 400,000 people (as of 2010). However, its spelling was only recently standardised, in 2014. This paper describes a research aimed at semi-automatically identifying and annotating spelling errors commonly made by Chavacano speakers in writing, according to its standardised orthography. Firstly, we explain in detail the criteria for the construction of a written Chavacano corpus containing over 8 million words, the genres that it comprises, and the formats used to code it. Secondly, we describe the steps taken in the study of the spelling errors present in this corpus and in the development of a taxonomy created to represent and classify them, later formalised as a ontology. Finally, we discuss the main results of this work, namely a written Zamboanga Chavacano corpus with semi-automatically classified and annotated spelling errors linked to an ontology and accompanied by the corresponding corrected forms. These annotations will enable us to carry out a systematic and deeper analysis of the spelling mistakes made by Zamboanga Chavacano writers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article the author suggests that Melanesian and Australian creoles have important contributions to make to some of the debates which have preoccupied Creolists since 2003. Topics include whether pidgins are possible precursors of creoles, the possible contribution of substrate and superstrate languages to the development of creoles and the issue of morphological complexity in creoles.

Copyright of Synergies France is the property of GERFLINT (Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches pour le Francais Langue Internationale) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Forma y Funcion is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Departamento de Linguistica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Addresses research gap of current spoken English in Dominica. • Study in the school context that includes teachers and students. • Field-research-based investigation of morphosyntactic variation. • Covers a broad range of features associated with English Creole and others. • Complementary language use and metalinguistic perspectives. In the anglophone Caribbean, varieties of English typically coexist with English-based Creoles in a continuum of sociolinguistic variation. In the small Eastern Caribbean island of Dominica, English has historically coexisted with a French-based Creole. Only in recent decades has a major shift towards Dominican English Creole (DEC) occurred. This study investigates morphosyntactic variation in spoken English based on speech data from interviews conducted at two Dominican secondary schools. A cline is found where the teachers incorporate DEC features least into their speech, while the students from one of the schools use these and other non-standard morphosyntactic features the most. Furthermore, different features seem to be associated with DEC to different degrees, another finding which supports the notion of a continuum. The absence of stylistic uses of DEC morphosyntactic features can be attributed to the interview situation. At the same time, given limited recognition and identification with DEC, stylistic uses in connection with the expression of identity in discourse are not necessarily expected. The further development of variation in spoken English in Dominica in connection with the ongoing language shift will merit further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies in linguistics and anthropology have demonstrated that kinship systems and cultural practices change upon contact with other languages and cultures; however, creole kinship systems are generally overlooked. This paper examines the kinship terminology used by the Portuguese Settlement community in Malacca, Malaysia. The mapping of this kinship terminology is based on the division into terms of address and terms of reference, using three theoretical frameworks ('identity alignment', 'language as an act of identity', and 'partial reciprocal diffusion'), while also taking into account Malacca Creole Portuguese, the standard variety of Malay, Baba Malay, Chetti Malay, Dutch, and English. The findings point to the existence of parallel kinship systems within the same language and indicate lexical connections to the other creole communities in Malacca (namely, Chettis and Baba-Nyonya). Accordingly, the terminology is divided into two segments: one oriented to the Portuguese superstrate and one toward the substrates and adstrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay revisits the early phases of the history of poetry written primarily in an anglophone Caribbean Creole by closely examining the circumstances in which the White Guyanese administrator Michael McTurk launched his Creole-speaking persona "Quow." It focuses on an 1870 verse letter to the editor in which McTurk dons the racialized mask of his persona to warn that an inquiry into the abuse of indentured Indian laborers will provoke a violent response from the Afro-Guyanese community. The essay argues that the versification of Quow's voice seeks to implant him as a "found" character from oral culture within the crossfire of heated yet formal public letters regarding the inquiry. The ballad supplies the means for McTurk to "Black up" the planter voice. In the process, he unwittingly inaugurated a regional tradition of public Creole verse authorship, one whose later exponents would, in different ways, have to contend with McTurk's minstrel legacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The paper makes a case for regarding Nigerian Pidgin (Naijá) and Jamaican Creole (Patois) as informal linguistic epicentres in the global English Language Complex. This requires a few modifications to current definitions of linguistic epicentres but leads to a sociolinguistically realistic and more comprehensive account of the profound influence that Jamaica and Nigeria have had on the development of Englishes in their regions and in the world at large. In the absence of large corpora, qualitative methods from linguistic ethnography and interactional sociolinguistics were used for the study of possible epicentral effects of Naijá and Patois. They allow access to speakers' language attitudes and language ideologies, a shaping factor of epicentral influences that generally deserves more attention in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Romanische Philologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A comparison of emerging signed languages and creole languages provides evidence that, when language is emerging, it prioritizes marking the novelty of information; is readily recursive; favors the manner of action (aspect) over the time of action (tense); develops inflection readily only in a visual, as opposed to aural, mode; and develops derivational opacity only as the result of drift over long periods of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Latin American & Caribbean Anthropology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Sam Selvon's seven one-act radio-drama Eldorado West One, written for BBC radio in 1969, a universe of colours, contrasts, accents, nostalgia, and struggle that peculiarise the life experience of the Caribbean community in London is at stake. The main characters of the play are the same as in the well-known novel The Lonely Londoners (1956), re-represented in a theatrical context, constructed on the orality and urban communication, reinvented through the immediate representation of radio actors and the expression of the Trinidadian Creole Language. The surrounding reality described by Selvon's conscious disillusionment is interwoven with the historical events that have marked British society, such as the massive migration from the Caribbean territories to London, like the Windrush generation in the 50s, that, in the last decades, have shaped the United Kingdom into a cross-cultural society. This essay is an attempt to show, from a linguistic reflection to ethnographic data about Trinidadian Carnival, how we incur in these elements through the play indicated above; through the connection in Selvon's narrative between the Caribbean heritage, in particular the manifestation of the subculture related to the Trinidadian Carnival, the Creole and Calypso music; and the syncretism created by the tradition and the contact with the Western culture, in the era of European decolonisation during the 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of proposals have tried to account for the genesis and development of a set of Afro-Hispanic language varieties, the vernaculars that formed in Latin America from the contact between African languages and Spanish in colonial times (Sessarego 2021). This article presents a sociohistorical and linguistic analysis of Loíza Spanish (LS), an Afro-Puerto Rican vernacular spoken in Loíza, Puerto Rico by the descendants of the Africans brought to this Caribbean island in colonial times to work as slaves on sugarcane plantations. This article assesses the evolution of this variety and its implications for creole studies. In so doing, it contributes to the long-lasting debate on the reasons behind the paucity of Spanish-based creoles in the Americas (Granda 1968 et seq.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the speech of 27 Trinidadian professionals (lawyers, lecturers, and politicians), who are typical speakers of Standard Trinidadian English in formal contexts, where traditionally Standard English is targeted. We investigate phonetic variation in Trinidadian English speech with regard to the varying integration of Creole features. The paper presents the results of an acoustic study of 10 vowels and an auditory analysis of three consonantal variables, using data from the Trinidad and Tobago component of the International Corpus of English. The analysis shows that exonormative influences do not play a role. Individual Trinidadian Creole features are integrated into standard speech (voiced TH-stopping, partial overlap of bath-start-trap, partial overlap of strut-lot) and some realizations are identical in both codes (face and goat), while others are avoided (voiceless TH-stopping, the realization of down with as a monophthong with a velar nasal, the cloth-thought merger, and the realization of mouth as [ɔʊ]). These results from Trinidad confirm the validity of Irvine's (2004, 2008) model of load-bearing and non load-bearing variables for the distinction between English and Creole. The conclusion highlights methodological differences to Irvine's study and discusses an extended conceptualization of Standard English that incorporates variation along the dimension of exo- versus endonormativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors respond to comments by Mauro Fernández and Eeva Sippola to their article about the origin of Chabacano, or Philippine Creole Spanish language. Topics discussed include a series of papers which contain a genesis scenario for Chabacano, the main purpose of the reply from Fernández and Sippola, and the systematic resemblance between the three varieties, namely Philippine Creole Spanish, Ternateño and Caviteño.

There is disagreement as to the formation period of Chabacano, Philippine Creole Spanish. This article examines lexical items that have been claimed to stem from an early period of formation of Chabacano (Jacobs & Parkvall 2020). As a response to these claims, we show with ample dialectological and diachronic evidence that Chabacano items ansina 'this way, like this,' endenantes 'a little while ago', onde 'where,' and vos '2sg' are compatible with any period of formation for the Creole. Consequently, the presence of these lexical items in the Chabacano varieties does not link their formation to a hypothetical proto-Creole created before 1640, nor does it lend proof to the hypothesis that the current varieties descend directly from it. In general, we argue that creoles require as rigorous diachronic and diatopic studies as their lexifiers to show the maturity of Creole Studies as a field of inquiry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Haitian Creole (Kreyòl) spoken by bilingual speakers is a prestigious form of speech generally referred to as Kreyòl swa (KS), where Frenchified features (e.g. front rounded vowels) are often used. In contrast, monolingual speakers use Kreyòl rèk (KR), a variety in which Frenchified features do not generally occur (Fattier-Thomas 1984; Valdman 2015). In this article, I establish the nasalization of the definite determiner /la/ in non-nasal environments (LÃ), e.g. chat lan for chat la 'the cat', as a feature of KS. I show that while bilingual speakers do use both Frenchification and LÃ, monolingual speakers overuse nasalization as compared to bilingual speakers, but use Frenchification less than the bilingual group because it is harder to produce. Based in these findings, I suggest that the sociolinguistic situation of Haiti is more complex, i.e. it is extended beyond the relationship between French and Kreyòl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the most comprehensive inventory of lexical similarities between Chabacano and Luso-Asian creoles to date. Certain formal similarities, especially regarding function words, have not gone unnoticed in the past, but for the most part have been treated as coincidences. Less attention has been paid to cases of parallel formal and semantic innovation involving content words. Taken together, these data suggest a non-coincidental lexical component shared between Luso-Asian creoles and the multi-directional propagation of features across Ibero-Asian creoles. This notion is further supported if we consider the well-known cultural, commercial and demographic connections between the Philippines and the Portuguese colonies in Asia. At the individual level, discarding a Spanish etymology in favor of a Portuguese one is a very problematic endeavor that often leads to inconclusiveness. However, we argue that the sheer number of shared retentions and innovations presented in this study can only be accounted for by factoring in some degree of language contact. Luso-Asian elements must have seeped into Chabacano at the time of its genesis and at later stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article tries to present some very important “ongoing” phenomena for linguists: the birth of linguistic mixtures called pidgins, creoles and mixed languages. These processes are considered by many specialists to be very similar to the formation processes of all the world’s languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fact that body-part reflexives (BPR s) are widespread in Romance-lexifier pidgin, creole and mixed (PCM) languages of the Atlantic area has usually been accounted for in terms of substratum influence from West African languages, in which such reflexives are common. However, this approach does not explain why BPR s are also frequently found in Romance-lexifier PCM languages like Zamboanga Chavacano and Malacca Creole, which lack a demonstrable African substrate, are spoken outside the Atlantic area and are in contact with languages that lack BPR s. Drawing on cross-linguistic as well as historical corpus data, this paper argues that the source of BPR s in these languages should be traced back to the late-medieval and early-Renaissance lexifiers. More specifically, it is proposed that speakers of Romance-lexifier PCM languages identified, recapitulated and replicated reflexive-like uses of words such as 'body' and 'head' in the lexifiers. A number of bridging contexts is argued to have fostered these processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a comparative sketch of two emergent creoles: St. Lucia Creole English and Dominica Creole English. With very similar circumstances surrounding their formation and emergence, it is expected that they will have many features in common. While this is generally the case, however, this paper also outlines some areas in which their grammars diverge. This research represents original data for varieties that are somewhat under‐documented and calls for further data collection and fieldwork to confirm the patterns found here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Romanische Philologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)