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1. Aspirin and Cardiovascular Risk in Individuals With Elevated Lipoprotein(a): The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Author: Bhatia, Harpreet S, Trainor, Patrick, Carlisle, Samantha, Tsai, Michael Y, Criqui, Michael H, DeFilippis, Andrew, and Tsimikas, Sotirios
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology, Clinical Research, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Heart Disease, Prevention, Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular, 2.4 Surveillance and distribution, Aetiology, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Cardiovascular Diseases, Prospective Studies, Aspirin, Risk Factors, Coronary Disease, Heart Disease Risk Factors, aspirin, cardiovascular disease, Lipoprotein(a), primary prevention, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology
Abstract: BackgroundEffective therapies for reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in people with elevated lipoprotein(a) are lacking, especially for primary prevention. Because of the potential association of lipoprotein(a) with thrombosis, we evaluated the relationship between aspirin use and CVD events in people with elevated lipoprotein(a).Methods and resultsWe used data from the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis), a prospective cohort study of individuals free of baseline cardiovascular disease. Due to potential confounding by indication, we matched aspirin users to nonusers using a propensity score based on CVD risk factors. We then evaluated the association between aspirin use and coronary heart disease (CHD) events (CHD death, nonfatal myocardial infarction) stratified by baseline lipoprotein(a) level (threshold of 50 mg/dL) using Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for CVD risk factors. After propensity matching, the study cohort included 2183 participants, including 1234 (57%) with baseline aspirin use and 423 (19%) with lipoprotein(a) >50 mg/dL. Participants with lipoprotein(a) >50 mg/dL had a higher burden of CVD risk factors, more frequent aspirin use (61.7% versus 55.3%, P=0.02), and higher rate of incident CHD events (13.7% versus 8.9%, P50 mg/dL and aspirin use had similar CHD risk as those with lipoprotein(a) ≤50 mg/dL regardless of aspirin use.ConclusionsAspirin use was associated with a significantly lower risk for CHD events in participants with lipoprotein(a) >50 mg/dL without baseline CVD. The results of this observational propensity-matched study require confirmation in studies with randomization of aspirin use.
Published: 2024

2. Nutritional Avocado Intervention Improves Physical Activity Measures in Hispanic/Latino Families: A Cluster RCT

Author: Allen, Tara Shrout, Doede, Aubrey L, King, Colin MB, Pacheco, Lorena S, Talavera, Gregory A, Denenberg, Julie O, Eastman, Amelia S, Criqui, Michael H, and Allison, Matthew A
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Health Services and Systems, Public Health, Health Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Behavioral and Social Science, Physical Activity, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Cardiovascular, Nutrition, Prevention, Clinical Research, Obesity, 3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing, Cancer, Good Health and Well Being, Physical activity, lifestyle intervention, nutrition, sedentary behavior
Abstract: IntroductionNutrition and physical activity are key components for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. There remains a paucity of trial data on the effect of specific nutritional interventions on physical activity and sedentary time. One question is how a common nutrient-dense food such as avocado may impact physical activity and sedentary time in Hispanic/Latino families, a group that reports the lowest levels of physical activity.DesignThis is a 6-month clustered RCT.Setting/participantsSeventy-two families (235 individuals) who identified as Hispanic/Latino were enrolled through the San Ysidro Health Center (San Diego, CA) between April 2017 and June 2018.InterventionAfter a 2-week run-in period, 35 families were randomized to the intervention arm (14 avocados/family/week), and 37 families were assigned to the control arm (3 avocados/family/week).Main outcome measuresLinear mixed-effects models were used to assess changes in physical activity (MET minutes per week) between the groups during the 6-month trial. Secondary outcomes included sedentary time (minutes/week), BMI, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures.ResultsAn adherence goal of >80% was achieved for both arms. Total mean physical activity increased by 2,197 MET minutes per week more in the intervention group (p
Published: 2023

3. Publisher Correction: Nicotinamide riboside for peripheral artery disease: the NICE randomized clinical trial

Author: McDermott, Mary M., Martens, Christopher R., Domanchuk, Kathryn J., Zhang, Dongxue, Peek, Clara B., Criqui, Michael H., Ferrucci, Luigi, Greenland, Philip, Guralnik, Jack M., Ho, Karen J., Kibbe, Melina R., Kosmac, Kate, Lloyd-Jones, Donald, Peterson, Charlotte A., Sufit, Robert, Tian, Lu, Wohlgemuth, Stephanie, Zhao, Lihui, Zhu, Pei, and Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan
Published: 2024
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4. Nicotinamide riboside for peripheral artery disease: the NICE randomized clinical trial

Author: McDermott, Mary M., Martens, Christopher R., Domanchuk, Kathryn J., Zhang, Dongxue, Peek, Clara B., Criqui, Michael H., Ferrucci, Luigi, Greenland, Philip, Guralnik, Jack M., Ho, Karen J., Kibbe, Melina R., Kosmac, Kate, Lloyd-Jones, Donald, Peterson, Charlotte A., Sufit, Robert, Tian, Lu, Wohlgemuth, Stephanie, Zhao, Lihui, Zhu, Pei, and Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan
Published: 2024
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5. Inter-arm systolic blood pressure difference: non-persistence and association with incident cardiovascular disease in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Author: Duprez, Daniel A, Jacobs, David R, Andrews, Leah IB, Brumback, Lyndia C, Denenberg, Julie O, Mcclelland, Robyn L, Thomas, Isac C, Criqui, Michael H, and Allison, Matthew A
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology, Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular, Clinical Research, Aging, Heart Disease, Atherosclerosis, Stroke, Cerebrovascular, Hypertension, Prevention, Brain Disorders, Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Male, Cardiovascular Diseases, Blood Pressure, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Factors, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology, Clinical sciences
Abstract: We investigated inter-arm systolic blood pressure (sIAD) difference, reproducibility, and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). We hypothesized that higher sIAD values have low prevalence and nonpersistence over years, but that CVD risk is higher starting from the time of first high absolute sIAD. In Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants (n = 6725, 53% female, 45-84 years old), Doppler systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurements were made in both arms (10-minute interval) thrice over 9.5 years. Proportional hazards for CVD (coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, peripheral arterial disease (PAD)) over 16.4 years were tested according to time-varying absolute inter-arm difference with covariates: (1) age, gender, race, and clinic; (2) model 1 plus height, heart rate, BP, antihypertensives, BMI, smoking status, lipids, lipid lowering medication, and diabetes. High sIAD was not persistent across exams. Maximum absolute sIAD ≥ 15 mmHg was found at least once in 815 persons. Maximum absolute sIAD had a graded relationship with incident stroke or PAD: 6.2% events; model 2 hazard ratio per 10 mmHg 1.34 (95% CI, 1.15-1.56) and this risk was approximately doubled for maximum absolute sIAD ≥ 15 mmHg vs 0-4 mmHg. Total CVD risk (18.4% events) was increased only for maximum absolute sIAD ≥25 mmHg. Associations with incident CVD did not differ for higher SBP in left vs right arm. A higher maximum absolute sIAD at any exam was associated with greater risk for stroke and PAD especially for values ≥ 15 mmHg, and ≥25 mmHg for other CVD. Measuring SBP between arms may help identify individuals at risk for CVD.
Published: 2023

6. Coronary Artery Calcium Density and Cardiovascular Events by Volume Level: The MESA

Author: Bhatia, Harpreet S, McClelland, Robyn L, Denenberg, Julie, Budoff, Matthew J, Allison, Matthew A, and Criqui, Michael H
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology, Clinical Sciences, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Prevention, Heart Disease, Aging, Cardiovascular, Atherosclerosis, Clinical Research, Humans, Coronary Artery Disease, Calcium, Coronary Vessels, Prospective Studies, Myocardial Infarction, Risk Factors, Risk Assessment, cardiovascular disease, computed tomography scanner, X-ray, coronary disease, heart disease risk factors, primary prevention, computed tomography scanner, X-ray, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology, Clinical sciences
Abstract: BackgroundThe Agatston coronary artery calcium (CAC) score provides robust cardiovascular disease risk prediction but upweights plaque area by a density factor. Density, however, has been shown to be inversely associated with events. Using CAC volume and density separately improves risk prediction, but it is unclear how to apply this method clinically. We aimed to evaluate the association between CAC density and cardiovascular disease across the spectrum of CAC volume to better understand how to incorporate these metrics into a single score.MethodsWe performed an analysis of MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) participants with detectable CAC to evaluate the association between CAC density and events by level of CAC volume using multivariable Cox regression models.ResultsIn a cohort of 3316 participants, there was a significant interaction (P130 mm3 was not significant (hazard ratio, 0.82 per unit of density [95% CI, 0.55-1.22]).ConclusionsThe lower risk for CHD associated with higher CAC density varied by level of volume, and volume ≤130 mm3 is a potentially clinically useful cut point. Further study is needed to integrate these findings into a unified CAC scoring method.
Published: 2023

7. Serum reactivity to citrullinated protein/peptide antigens and left ventricular structure and function in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Author: Hughes-Austin, Jan M, Katz, Ronit, Majka, Darcy S, Criqui, Michael H, Robinson, William H, Firestein, Gary S, Hundley, W Gregory, and Ix, Joachim H
Subjects: Epidemiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Prevention, Heart Disease, Aging, Cardiovascular, Arthritis, Atherosclerosis, Autoimmune Disease, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Clinical Research, Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Aged, Male, Heart Failure, Peptides, Proportional Hazards Models, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ventricular Function, Left, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, General Science & Technology
Abstract: BackgroundAntibodies to citrullinated protein antigens have been linked to altered left ventricular (LV) structure and function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Serum reactivity to several citrullinated protein/peptide antigens has been identified in RA, which are detectable years before RA onset and in individuals who may never develop RA. Among community-living individuals without heart failure (HF) at baseline in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), we investigated associations between serum reactivity to citrullinated protein/peptide antigens, LV mass, LV ejection fraction (LVEF), and incident HF.MethodsAmong 1232 MESA participants, we measured serum reactivity to 28 different citrullinated proteins/peptides using a multiplex bead-based array. Each antibody was defined as having extremely high reactivity (EHR) if >95th percentile cut-off in MESA. Number of EHR antibody responses to citrullinated protein/peptide antigens were summed for each participant (range 0-28). LV mass(g) and LVEF(%) were measured on cardiac MRI. Associations between EHR antibodies and LV mass and LVEF were evaluated using linear regression. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate associations between EHR antibodies and incident HF during 11 years of follow-up, adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, use of anti-hypertensive medications, self-reported arthritis, IL-6, body surface area, and estimated glomerular filtration rate.ResultsMean age was 65±10, 50% were female, 40% were White, 21% were Black, 26% were Hispanic/Latino, and 14% were Chinese. Twenty-seven percent of MESA participants had extremely high reactivity to ≥ 1 citrullinated protein/peptide antigen. In fully adjusted analysis, every additional EHR antibody was significantly associated with 0.1% lower LVEF (95% CI: -0.17%, -0.02%). No association was observed with LV mass (β per additional EHR antibody) = 0.13±0.15 (p = 0.37)). Neither the presence nor number of EHR antibodies was associated with incident HF during follow-up (HR per additional EHR antibody = 1.008 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.05)).ConclusionGreater number of extremely highly reactive antibodies was associated with lower LVEF, but not with LV mass or incident HF. Thus, serum reactivity to citrullinated protein/peptide antigens was associated with subtle subclinical changes in myocardial contractility, but the significance in relation to clinically apparent HF is uncertain.
Published: 2023

8. Biomarkers of Vitamin D Metabolism and Hip and Vertebral Fracture Risk: The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Author: Hsu, Simon, Criqui, Michael H, Ginsberg, Charles, Hoofnagle, Andrew N, Ix, Joachim H, McClelland, Robyn L, Michos, Erin D, Shea, Steven J, Siscovick, David, Zelnick, Leila R, Kestenbaum, Bryan R, and Boer, Ian H
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Osteoporosis, Atherosclerosis, Aging, Nutrition, Prevention, Physical Injury - Accidents and Adverse Effects, Complementary and Integrative Health, Musculoskeletal, FRACTURE PREVENTION, FRACTURE RISK ASSESSMENT, PTH, VITAMIN D, FGF23, PTH/VITAMIN D/FGF23, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract: Studies on associations between biomarkers of vitamin D metabolism and fracture risk have focused predominantly on White or elderly populations and may not be generalizable to relatively healthy multiethnic populations. We tested associations of total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), the ratio of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (vitamin D metabolite ratio, VDMR), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) concentrations measured in serum with risk of hip and vertebral fractures in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The study cohort of 6466 participants was without clinically apparent cardiovascular disease and was 39% White, 27% Black, 22% Hispanic, and 12% Chinese. The mean age was 62 years, and 53% were female. There were 128 hip and vertebral fractures over a mean follow-up of 14.2 years. 25(OH)D, the VDMR, PTH, and FGF-23 were not significantly associated with fracture risk after adjustment for demographics, diabetes, smoking, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, medication use, albuminuria, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Principal component analysis did not suggest differences in linear combinations of 25(OH)D, the VDMR, PTH, and FGF-23 between participants who experienced fractures and those who did not. We did not observe significant interaction between race and ethnicity and any biomarker of vitamin D metabolism on fracture risk. In conclusion, none of the four serum biomarkers of vitamin D metabolism investigated showed a significant association with fracture risk in relatively healthy multiethnic populations. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Published: 2022

9. Genetic and clinical determinants of abdominal aortic diameter: genome-wide association studies, exome array data and Mendelian randomization study

Author: Portilla-Fernandez, Eliana, Klarin, Derek, Hwang, Shih-Jen, Biggs, Mary L, Bis, Joshua C, Weiss, Stefan, Rospleszcz, Susanne, Natarajan, Pradeep, Hoffmann, Udo, Rogers, Ian S, Truong, Quynh A, Völker, Uwe, Dörr, Marcus, Bülow, Robin, Criqui, Michael H, Allison, Matthew, Ganesh, Santhi K, Yao, Jie, Waldenberger, Melanie, Bamberg, Fabian, Rice, Kenneth M, Essers, Jeroen, Kapteijn, Daniek MC, van der Laan, Sander W, de Knegt, Rob J, Ghanbari, Mohsen, Felix, Janine F, Ikram, M Arfan, Kavousi, Maryam, Uitterlinden, Andre G, Roks, Anton JM, Danser, AH Jan, Tsao, Philip S, Damrauer, Scott M, Guo, Xiuqing, Rotter, Jerome I, Psaty, Bruce M, Kathiresan, Sekar, Völzke, Henry, Peters, Annette, Johnson, Craig, Strauch, Konstantin, Meitinger, Thomas, O’Donnell, Christopher J, Dehghan, Abbas, and Program, VA Million Veteran
Subjects: Prevention, Human Genome, Cardiovascular, Genetics, Clinical Research, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Exome, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Triglycerides, VA Million Veteran Program, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Genetics & Heredity
Abstract: Progressive dilation of the infrarenal aortic diameter is a consequence of the ageing process and is considered the main determinant of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). We aimed to investigate the genetic and clinical determinants of abdominal aortic diameter (AAD). We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in 10 cohorts (n = 13 542) imputed to the 1000 Genome Project reference panel including 12 815 subjects in the discovery phase and 727 subjects [Partners Biobank cohort 1 (PBIO)] as replication. Maximum anterior-posterior diameter of the infrarenal aorta was used as AAD. We also included exome array data (n = 14 480) from seven epidemiologic studies. Single-variant and gene-based associations were done using SeqMeta package. A Mendelian randomization analysis was applied to investigate the causal effect of a number of clinical risk factors on AAD. In genome-wide association study (GWAS) on AAD, rs74448815 in the intronic region of LDLRAD4 reached genome-wide significance (beta = -0.02, SE = 0.004, P-value = 2.10 × 10-8). The association replicated in the PBIO1 cohort (P-value = 8.19 × 10-4). In exome-array single-variant analysis (P-value threshold = 9 × 10-7), the lowest P-value was found for rs239259 located in SLC22A20 (beta = 0.007, P-value = 1.2 × 10-5). In the gene-based analysis (P-value threshold = 1.85 × 10-6), PCSK5 showed an association with AAD (P-value = 8.03 × 10-7). Furthermore, in Mendelian randomization analyses, we found evidence for genetic association of pulse pressure (beta = -0.003, P-value = 0.02), triglycerides (beta = -0.16, P-value = 0.008) and height (beta = 0.03, P-value
Published: 2022

10. Higher Arm Versus Lower Arm Systolic Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Outcomes: a Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data From the INTERPRESS-IPD Collaboration

Author: Clark, Christopher E, Warren, Fiona C, Boddy, Kate, McDonagh, Sinéad TJ, Moore, Sarah F, Teresa Alzamora, Maria, Ramos Blanes, Rafel, Chuang, Shao-Yuan, Criqui, Michael H, Dahl, Marie, Engström, Gunnar, Erbel, Raimund, Espeland, Mark, Ferrucci, Luigi, Guerchet, Maëlenn, Hattersley, Andrew, Lahoz, Carlos, McClelland, Robyn L, McDermott, Mary M, Price, Jackie, Stoffers, Henri E, Wang, Ji-Guang, Westerink, Jan, White, James, Cloutier, Lyne, Taylor, Rod S, Shore, Angela C, McManus, Richard J, Aboyans, Victor, and Campbell, John L
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology, Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research, Hypertension, Cardiovascular, Prevention, Good Health and Well Being, Antihypertensive Agents, Blood Pressure, Blood Pressure Determination, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Humans, Hypotension, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, blood pressure, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, meta-analysis, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Public Health and Health Services, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology, Clinical sciences
Abstract: BackgroundGuidelines recommend measuring blood pressure (BP) in both arms, adopting the higher arm readings for diagnosis and management. Data to support this recommendation are lacking. We evaluated associations of higher and lower arm systolic BPs with diagnostic and treatment thresholds, and prognosis in hypertension, using data from the Inter-arm Blood Pressure Difference-Individual Participant Data Collaboration.MethodsOne-stage multivariable Cox regression models, stratified by study, were used to examine associations of higher or lower reading arm BPs with cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular events, in individual participant data meta-analyses pooled from 23 cohorts. Cardiovascular events were modelled for Framingham and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk scores. Model fit was compared throughout using Akaike information criteria. Proportions reclassified across guideline recommended intervention thresholds were also compared.ResultsWe analyzed 53 172 participants: mean age 60 years; 48% female. Higher arm BP, compared with lower arm, reclassified 12% of participants at either 130 or 140 mm Hg systolic BP thresholds (both P
Published: 2022

11. Associations between Weight-Adjusted Waist Index and Abdominal Fat and Muscle Mass: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Author: Kim, Ji Yoon, Choi, Jimi, Vella, Chantal A, Criqui, Michael H, Allison, Matthew A, and Kim, Nam Hoon
Subjects: Cardiovascular, Aging, Nutrition, Obesity, Prevention, Metabolic and endocrine, Good Health and Well Being, Abdominal Fat, Anthropometry, Atherosclerosis, Ethnicity, Humans, Muscles, Body composition, Sarcopenia
Abstract: BackgroundThe weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) reflected body compositional changes with aging. This study was to investigate the association of WWI with abdominal fat and muscle mass in a diverse race/ethnic population.MethodsComputed tomography (CT) data from 1,946 participants for abdominal fat and muscle areas from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (785 Whites, 252 Asians, 406 African American, and 503 Hispanics) were used. Among them, 595 participants underwent repeated CT. The WWI was calculated as waist circumference (cm) divided by the square root of body weight (kg). The associations of WWI with abdominal fat and muscle measures were examined, and longitudinal changes in abdominal composition measures were compared.ResultsIn all race/ethnic groups, WWI was positively correlated with total abdominal fat area (TFA), subcutaneous fat area, and visceral fat area, but negatively correlated with total abdominal muscle area (TMA) and abdominal muscle radiodensity (P
Published: 2022

12. Coronary artery calcium incidence and changes using direct plaque measurements: The MASALA study

Author: Bhatia, Harpreet S, Lin, Feng, Thomas, Isac C, Denenberg, Julie, Kandula, Namratha R, Budoff, Matthew J, Criqui, Michael H, and Kanaya, Alka M
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology, Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Prevention, Heart Disease, Cardiovascular, Atherosclerosis, Asian People, Calcium, Calcium, Dietary, Coronary Artery Disease, Coronary Vessels, Humans, Incidence, Plaque, Atherosclerotic, Risk Factors, Vascular Calcification, Coronaryarterydisease, Coronaryarterycalcium, Southasians, lipoprotein(a), Coronary artery calcium, Coronary artery disease, South asians, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology, Clinical sciences
Abstract: Background and aimsWe aimed to identify predictors of change in direct measures of coronary artery calcium (CAC) volume and density in South Asian participants.MethodsWe used data from participants in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study with prevalent CAC and direct measures of CAC by serial computed tomography (CT) exams (2010-2013, 2016-2018). We examined the distribution of incident CAC volume and peak density, as well as progression and identified risk factors for progression of change in volume and density in multivariable models.ResultsThe study cohort consisted of 102 participants with incident CAC and 285 with CAC progression. CAC volume and density were highest, and incident CAC was most common in the left anterior descending artery (LAD). The greatest progression in volume was in the right coronary artery and the greatest change in density was in the left main. In linear regression models for CAC progression adjusted for baseline density, volume, risk factors, smoking (β +190.1, p = 0.02), baseline volume (β +0.24 per mm3, p
Published: 2022

13. Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author: Brauer, Michael, Roth, Gregory A, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Zheng, Peng, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasgholizadeh, Rouzbeh, Abbasi, Madineh Akram, Abbasian, Mohammadreza, Abbasifard, Mitra, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abd ElHafeez, Samar, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Abdi, Parsa, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdoun, Meriem, Abdulah, Deldar Morad, Abdullahi, Auwal, Abebe, Mesfin, Abedi, Aidin, Abedi, Armita, Abegaz, Tadesse M, Abeldaño Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel, Abiodun, Olumide, Abiso, Temesgen Lera, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abouzid, Mohamed, Aboye, Girma Beressa, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abualruz, Hasan, Abubakar, Bilyaminu, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Abukhadijah, Hana Jihad Jihad, Aburuz, Salahdein, Abu-Zaid, Ahmed, Adane, Mesafint Molla, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Addolorato, Giovanni, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adekanmbi, Victor, Aden, Bashir, Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi, Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther, Adha, Rishan, Adibi, Amin, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Adzigbli, Leticia Akua, Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika, Afolabi, Rotimi Felix, Afshin, Ashkan, Afyouni, Shadi, Afzal, Muhammad Sohail, Afzal, Saira, Agampodi, Suneth Buddhika, Agbozo, Faith, Aghamiri, Shahin, Agodi, Antonella, Agrawal, Anurag, Agyemang-Duah, Williams, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Aqeel, Ahmad, Danish, Ahmad, Firdos, Ahmad, Noah, Ahmad, Shahzaib, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed, Anisuddin, Ahmed, Ayman, Ahmed, Luai A, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Safoora, Ahmed, Syed Anees, Ajami, Marjan, Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse, Akara, Essona Matatom, Akbarialiabad, Hossein, Akhlaghi, Shiva, Akinosoglou, Karolina, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed, Akkala, Sreelatha, Akombi-Inyang, Blessing, Al Awaidy, Salah, Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz, Alahdab, Fares, AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali, Alalalmeh, Samer O, Alalwan, Tariq A, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Nazmul, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M, Albakri, Almaza, AlBataineh, Mohammad T, Aldhaleei, Wafa A, Aldridge, Robert W, Alemayohu, Mulubirhan Assefa, Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta, Al-Fatly, Bassam, Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed, Al-Habbal, Khairat, Alhabib, Khalid F, Alhassan, Robert Kaba, Ali, Abid, Ali, Amjad, Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir, Ali, Iman, Ali, Liaqat, Ali, Mohammed Usman, Ali, Rafat, Ali, Syed Shujait Shujait, Ali, Waad, Alicandro, Gianfranco, Alif, Sheikh Mohammad, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alla, François, Al-Marwani, Sabah, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Almustanyir, Sami, Alomari, Mahmoud A, Alonso, Jordi, Alqahtani, Jaber S, Alqutaibi, Ahmed Yaseen, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alrawashdeh, Ahmad, Al-Rifai, Rami Hani, Alrousan, Sahel Majed, Al-Sabah, Salman Khalifah, Alshahrani, Najim Z, Altaany, Zaid, Altaf, Awais, Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Aluh, Deborah Oyine, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J, Alwafi, Hassan, Al-Wardat, Mohammad Sami, Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed, Aly, Hany, Aly, Safwat, Alzoubi, Karem H, Al-Zyoud, Walid, Amaechi, Uchenna Anderson, Aman Mohammadi, Masous, Amani, Reza, Amiri, Sohrab, Amirzade-Iranaq, Mohammad Hosein, Ammirati, Enrico, Amu, Hubert, Amugsi, Dickson A, Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi, Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderlini, Deanna, Anderson, Jason A, Andrade, Pedro Prata, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Anenberg, Susan C, Angappan, Dhanalakshmi, Angus, Colin, Anil, Abhishek, Anil, Sneha, Anjum, Afifa, Anoushiravani, Amir, Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo, Antony, Catherine M, Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, Anuoluwa, Boluwatife Stephen, Anvari, Davood, Anvari, Saeid, Anwar, Saleha, Anwar, Sumadi Lukman, Anwer, Razique, Anyabolo, Ekenedilichukwu Emmanuel, Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward, Apostol, Geminn Louis Carace, Arabloo, Jalal, Arabzadeh Bahri, Razman, Arafat, Mosab, Areda, Demelash, Aregawi, Brhane Berhe, Aremu, Abdulfatai, Armocida, Benedetta, Arndt, Michael Benjamin, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arooj, Mahwish, Artamonov, Anton A, Artanti, Kurnia Dwi, Aruleba, Idowu Thomas, Arumugam, Ashokan, Asbeutah, Akram M, Asgary, Saeed, Asgedom, Akeza Awealom, Ashbaugh, Charlie, Ashemo, Mubarek Yesse, Ashraf, Tahira, Askarinejad, Amir, Assmus, Michael, Astell-Burt, Thomas, Athar, Mohammad, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atorkey, Prince, Atreya, Alok, Aujayeb, Avinash, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Awoke, Andargie Abate, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayatollahi, Haleh, Ayestas Portugal, Carlos, Ayuso-Mateos, Jose L, Azadnajafabad, Sina, Azevedo, Rui M S, Azhar, Gulrez Shah, Azizi, Hosein, Azzam, Ahmed Y, Backhaus, Insa Linnea, Badar, Muhammad, Badiye, Ashish D, Bagga, Arvind, Baghdadi, Soroush, Bagheri, Nasser, Bagherieh, Sara, Bahrami Taghanaki, Pegah, Bai, Ruhai, Baig, Atif Amin, Baker, Jennifer L, Bakkannavar, Shankar M, Balasubramanian, Madhan, Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin, Bam, Kiran, Bandyopadhyay, Soham, Banik, Biswajit, Banik, Palash Chandra, Banke-Thomas, Aduragbemi, Bansal, Hansi, Barchitta, Martina, Bardhan, Mainak, Bardideh, Erfan, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barone-Adesi, Francesco, Barqawi, 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Samer H, Murray, Christopher J L, and Gakidou, Emmanuela
Published: 2024
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14. Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author: Schumacher, Austin E, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, Aali, Amirali, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Jaffar, Abbasgholizadeh, Rouzbeh, Abbasi, Madineh Akram, Abbasian, Mohammadreza, Abd ElHafeez, Samar, Abdelmasseh, Michael, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Abdelwahab, Ahmed, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdoun, Meriem, Abdullahi, Auwal, Abdurehman, Ame Mehadi, Abebe, Mesfin, Abedi, Aidin, Abedi, Armita, Abegaz, Tadesse M, Abeldaño Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel, Abhilash, E S, Abiodun, Olugbenga Olusola, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abouzid, Mohamed, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrha, Woldu Aberhe, Abrigo, Michael R M, Abtahi, Dariush, Abu Rumeileh, Samir, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Aburuz, Salahdein, Abu-Zaid, Ahmed, Acuna, Juan Manuel, Adair, Tim, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adegboye, Oyelola A, Adekanmbi, Victor, Aden, Bashir, Adepoju, Abiola Victor, Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun, Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther, Adeyomoye, Olorunsola Israel, Adha, Rishan, Adibi, Amin, Adikusuma, Wirawan, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Adra, Saryia, Afework, Abel, Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika, Afraz, Ali, Afyouni, Shadi, Afzal, Saira, Agasthi, Pradyumna, Aghamiri, Shahin, Agodi, Antonella, Agyemang-Duah, Williams, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Aqeel, Ahmad, Danish, Ahmad, Firdos, Ahmad, Muayyad M, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmadzade, Amir Mahmoud, Ahmadzade, Mohadese, Ahmed, Ayman, Ahmed, Haroon, Ahmed, Luai A, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Syed Anees, Ajami, Marjan, Aji, Budi, Ajumobi, Olufemi, Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse, Akara, Essona Matatom, Akinosoglou, Karolina, Akkala, Sreelatha, Akyirem, Samuel, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz, Al Homsi, Ammar, Al Qadire, Mohammad, Ala, Moein, Aladelusi, Timothy Olukunle, AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali, Alalalmeh, Samer O, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Manjurul, Alam, Zufishan, Al-amer, Rasmieh Mustafa, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M, Albashtawy, Mohammed, AlBataineh, Mohammad T, Aldridge, Robert W, Alemi, Sharifullah, 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Published: 2024
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15. Global fertility in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2021, with forecasts to 2100: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author: Bhattacharjee, Natalia V, Schumacher, Austin E, Aali, Amirali, Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis, Abbasgholizadeh, Rouzbeh, Abbasian, Mohammadreza, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd ElHafeez, Samar, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahifar, Mohammad-Amin, Abdoun, Meriem, Abdullahi, Auwal, Abebe, Mesfin, Abebe, Samrawit Shawel, Abiodun, Olumide, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abolmaali, Meysam, Abouzid, Mohamed, Aboye, Girma Beressa, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrha, Woldu Aberhe, Abrigo, Michael R M, Abtahi, Dariush, Abualruz, Hasan, Abubakar, Bilyaminu, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Adal, Tadele Girum Girum, Adane, Mesafint Molla, Adeagbo, Oluwafemi Atanda Adeagbo, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adekanmbi, Victor, Aden, Bashir, Adepoju, Abiola Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi, Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo, Adeyomoye, Olorunsola Israel, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Adra, Saryia, Afolabi, Rotimi Felix, Afyouni, Shadi, Afzal, Muhammad Sohail, Afzal, Saira, Aghamiri, Shahin, Agodi, Antonella, Agyemang-Duah, Williams, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahlstrom, Austin J, Ahmad, Aqeel, Ahmad, Danish, Ahmad, Firdos, Ahmad, Muayyad M, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed, Ayman, Ahmed, Haroon, Ahmed, Luai A, Ahmed, Meqdad Saleh, Ahmed, Syed Anees, Ajami, Marjan, Aji, Budi, Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse, Akbarialiabad, Hossein, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed, Akkala, Sreelatha, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz, Al Qadire, Mohammad, AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali, Alalalmeh, Samer O, Alalwan, Tariq A, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Al-amer, Rasmieh Mustafa, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M, Albakri, Almaza, Albashtawy, Mohammed, AlBataineh, Mohammad T, Alemi, Hediyeh, Alemi, Sharifullah, Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed, Alhabib, Khalid F, Alhajri, Noora, Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji, Alhassan, Robert Kaba, Ali, Abid, Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir, Ali, 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16. Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author: Ferrari, Alize J, Santomauro, Damian Francesco, Aali, Amirali, Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd ElHafeez, Samar, Abdelmasseh, Michael, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Abdollahi, Arash, Abdullahi, Auwal, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Abeldaño Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abualruz, Hasan, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Ackerman, Ilana N, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Addolorato, Giovanni, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adepoju, Abiola Victor, Adewuyi, Habeeb Omoponle, Afyouni, Shadi, Afzal, Saira, Afzal, Sina, Agodi, Antonella, Ahmad, Aqeel, Ahmad, Danish, Ahmad, Firdos, Ahmad, Shahzaib, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed, Luai A, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ajami, Marjan, Akinosoglou, Karolina, Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed, Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz, Alalalmeh, Samer O, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Albashtawy, Mohammed, Aldridge, Robert W, Alemu, Meseret Desalegn, Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed, 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Theo, and Murray, Christopher J L
Published: 2024
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17. Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author: Naghavi, Mohsen, Ong, Kanyin Liane, Aali, Amirali, Ababneh, Hazim S, Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasgholizadeh, Rouzbeh, Abbasian, Mohammadreza, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd ElHafeez, Samar, Abdelmasseh, Michael, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Abdelwahab, Ahmed, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahifar, Mohammad-Amin, Abdoun, Meriem, Abdulah, Deldar Morad, Abdullahi, Auwal, Abebe, Mesfin, Abebe, Samrawit Shawel, Abedi, Aidin, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Abhilash, E S, Abidi, Hassan, Abiodun, Olumide, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abolmaali, Meysam, Abouzid, Mohamed, Aboye, Girma Beressa, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrha, Woldu Aberhe, Abtahi, Dariush, Abu Rumeileh, Samir, Abualruz, Hasan, Abubakar, Bilyaminu, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Aburuz, Salahdein, Abu-Zaid, Ahmed, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Adal, Tadele Girum, Adamu, Abdu A, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Addolorato, Giovanni, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adepoju, Abiola Victor, Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun, Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi, Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther, Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo, Adeyomoye, Olorunsola Israel, Admass, Biruk Adie Adie, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Adra, Saryia, Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika, Afzal, Muhammad Sohail, Afzal, Saira, Agampodi, Suneth Buddhika, Agasthi, Pradyumna, Aggarwal, Manik, Aghamiri, Shahin, Agide, Feleke Doyore, Agodi, Antonella, Agrawal, Anurag, Agyemang-Duah, Williams, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Aqeel, Ahmad, Danish, Ahmad, Firdos, Ahmad, Muayyad M, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmad, Shahzaib, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmadzade, Amir Mahmoud, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed, Ayman, Ahmed, Haroon, Ahmed, Luai A, Ahmed, Mehrunnisha Sharif, Ahmed, Meqdad Saleh, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Syed Anees, Ajami, Marjan, Aji, Budi, Akara, Essona Matatom, Akbarialiabad, Hossein, Akinosoglou, Karolina, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed, Akyirem, Samuel, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz, 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Published: 2024
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18. Association between Statin use and Incident Peripheral Artery Disease According to Race, Age, and Presence of Depression in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Author: Bolden, Demetria M., Wogu, Adane F., Peterson, Pamela N., Ross, Elsie G., Hogan, Shea E., Matsushita, Kunihiro, Criqui, Michael H., and Allison, Matthew
Published: 2024
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19. Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author: Steinmetz, Jaimie D, Seeher, Katrin Maria, Schiess, Nicoline, Nichols, Emma, Cao, Bochen, Servili, Chiara, Cavallera, Vanessa, Cousin, Ewerton, Hagins, Hailey, Moberg, Madeline E, Mehlman, Max L, Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis, Abbas, Jaffar, Abbasi, Madineh Akram, Abbasian, Mohammadreza, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abdelmasseh, Michael, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahi, Mozhan, Abdollahifar, Mohammad-Amin, Abd-Rabu, Rami, Abdulah, Deldar Morad, Abdullahi, Auwal, Abedi, Aidin, Abedi, Vida, Abeldańo Zuńiga, Roberto Ariel, Abidi, Hassan, Abiodun, Olumide, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Aboyans, Victor, Abrha, Woldu Aberhe, Abualhasan, Ahmed, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Aburuz, Salahdein, Adamu, Lawan Hassan, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adekiya, Tayo Alex, Adikusuma, Wirawan, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Adra, Saryia, Afework, Tsion, Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika, Afraz, Ali, Afzal, Saira, Aghamiri, Shahin, Agodi, Antonella, Agyemang-Duah, 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Morovatdar, Negar, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Mosapour, Abbas, Mosser, Jonathan F, Mossialos, Elias, Motaghinejad, Majid, Mousavi, Parsa, Mousavi, Seyed Ehsan, Mubarik, Sumaira, Muccioli, Lorenzo, Mughal, Faraz, Mukoro, George Duke, Mulita, Admir, Mulita, Francesk, Musaigwa, Fungai, Mustafa, Ahmad, Mustafa, Ghulam, Muthu, Sathish, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Naghavi, Pirouz, Naik, Ganesh R, Nainu, Firzan, Nair, Tapas Sadasivan, Najmuldeen, Hastyar Hama Rashid, Nakhostin Ansari, Noureddin, Nambi, Gopal, Namdar Areshtanab, Hossein, Nargus, Shumaila, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Naser, Abdallah Y, Nashwan, Abdulqadir J J, Nasoori, Hadis, Nasreldein, Ahmed, Natto, Zuhair S, Nauman, Javaid, Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Nazri-Panjaki, Athare, Negaresh, Mohammad, Negash, Hadush, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Negru, Serban Mircea, Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria, Nematollahi, Mohammad Hadi, Nesbit, Olivia D, Newton, Charles Richard James, Nguyen, Dang H, Nguyen, Hau Thi Hien, Nguyen, Hien Quang, Nguyen, Ngoc-Trinh Thi, Nguyen, Phat Tuan, Nguyen, Van Thanh, Niazi, Robina Khan, Nikolouzakis, Taxiarchis Konstantinos, Niranjan, Vikram, Nnyanzi, Lawrence Achilles, Noman, Efaq Ali, Noroozi, Nafise, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nri-Ezedi, Chisom Adaobi, Ntaios, George, Nuńez-Samudio, Virginia, Nurrika, Dieta, Oancea, Bogdan, Odetokun, Ismail A, O'Donnell, Martin James, Ogunsakin, Ropo Ebenezer, Oguta, James Odhiambo, Oh, In-Hwan, Okati-Aliabad, Hassan, Okeke, Sylvester Reuben, Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul, Okonji, Osaretin Christabel, Okwute, Patrick Godwin, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olaiya, Muideen Tunbosun, Olana, Matifan Dereje, Olatubi, Matthew Idowu, Oliveira, Gláucia Maria Moraes, Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Omar Bali, Ahmed, Ong, Sokking, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Ordak, Michal, Orji, Aislyn U, Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V, Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi, Otstavnov, Nikita, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Ouyahia, Amel, Owolabi, Mayowa O, P A, Mahesh Padukudru, Pacheco-Barrios, Kevin, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pal, Pramod Kumar, Palange, Padmavali Nanaji, Palladino, Claudia, Palladino, Raffaele, Palma-Alvarez, Raul Felipe, Pan, Feng, Panagiotakos, Demosthenes, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Anamika, Pandey, Ashok, Pandian, Jeyaraj Durai, Pangaribuan, Helena Ullyartha, Pantazopoulos, Ioannis, Pardhan, Shahina, Parija, Pragyan Paramita, Parikh, Romil R, Park, Seoyeon, Parthasarathi, Ashwaghosha, Pashaei, Ava, Patel, Jay, Patil, Shankargouda, Patoulias, Dimitrios, Pawar, Shrikant, Pedersini, Paolo, Pensato, Umberto, Pereira, David M, Pereira, Jeevan, Pereira, Maria Odete, Peres, Mario F P, Perico, Norberto, Perna, Simone, Petcu, Ionela-Roxana, Petermann-Rocha, Fanny Emily, Pham, Hoang Tran, Phillips, Michael R, Pinilla-Monsalve, Gabriel D, Piradov, Michael A, Plotnikov, Evgenii, Poddighe, Dimitri, Polat, Burcu, Poluru, Ramesh, Pond, Constance Dimity, Poudel, Govinda Raj, Pouramini, Alireza, Pourbagher-Shahri, Ali Mohammad, Pourfridoni, Mohammad, Pourtaheri, Naeimeh, Prakash, Peralam Yegneswaran, Prakash, Sanjay, Prakash, V, Prates, Elton Junio Sady, Pritchett, Natalie, Purnobasuki, Hery, Qasim, Nameer Hashim, Qattea, Ibrahim, Qian, Gangzhen, Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman, Raee, Pourya, Raeisi Shahraki, Hadi, Rafique, Ibrar, Raggi, Alberto, Raghav, Pankaja Raghav, Rahati, Meghdad M, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi, Zahra, Rahimifard, Mahban, Rahman, Md Obaidur, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Mosiur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahmani, Amir Masoud, Rahmani, Shayan, Rahmani Youshanlouei, Hamed, Rahmati, Masoud, Raj Moolambally, Sheetal, Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali, Ramadan, Hazem, Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran, Ramasubramani, Premkumar, Ramazanu, Sheena, Rancic, Nemanja, Rao, Indu Ramachandra, Rao, Sowmya J, Rapaka, Deepthi, Rashedi, Vahid, Rashid, Ahmed Mustafa, Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi, Rashidi Alavijeh, Mehran, Rasouli-Saravani, Ashkan, Rawaf, Salman, Razo, Christian, Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed, Rekabi Bana, Atefe, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Rezaei, Nazila, Rezaei, Negar, Rezaei, Nima, Rezaeian, Mohsen, Rhee, Taeho Gregory, Riad, Abanoub, Robinson, Stephen R, Rodrigues, Mónica, Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia, Roever, Leonardo, Rogowski, Emma L B, Romoli, Michele, Ronfani, Luca, Roy, Priyanka, Roy Pramanik, Koushik, Rubagotti, Enrico, Ruiz, Milagros A, Russ, Tom C, S Sunnerhagen, Katharina, Saad, Aly M A, Saadatian, Zahra, Saber, Korosh, SaberiKamarposhti, Morteza, Sacco, Simona, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Erfan, Sadeghian, Saeid, Saeed, Umar, Saeed, Usman, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safi, Sher Zaman, Sagar, Rajesh, Sagoe, Dominic, Saheb Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh, Saheb Sharif-Askari, Narjes, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahoo, Soumya Swaroop, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajedi, Seyed Aidin, Sakshaug, Joseph W, Saleh, Mohamed A, Salehi Omran, Hossein, Salem, Marwa Rashad, Salimi, Sohrab, Samadi Kafil, Hossein, Samadzadeh, Sara, Samargandy, Saad, Samodra, Yoseph Leonardo, Samuel, Vijaya Paul, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanadgol, Nima, Sanjeev, Rama Krishna, Sanmarchi, Francesco, Santomauro, Damian Francesco, Santri, Ichtiarini Nurullita, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, Saravanan, Aswini, Sarveazad, Arash, Satpathy, Maheswar, Saylan, Mete, Sayyah, Mehdi, Scarmeas, Nikolaos, Schlaich, Markus P, Schuermans, Art, Schwarzinger, Michaël, Schwebel, David C, Selvaraj, Siddharthan, Sendekie, Ashenafi Kibret, Sengupta, Pallav, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Serban, Dragos, Sergindo, Mihretu Tagesse, Sethi, Yashendra, SeyedAlinaghi, SeyedAhmad, Seylani, Allen, Shabani, Mohammad, Shabany, Maryam, Shafie, Mahan, Shahabi, Saeed, Shahbandi, Ataollah, Shahid, Samiah, Shahraki-Sanavi, Fariba, Shahsavari, Hamid R, Shahwan, Moyad Jamal, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shaji, KS, Sham, Sunder, Shama, Adisu Tafari T, Shamim, Muhammad Aaqib, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsi, Mohammad Anas, Shanawaz, Mohd, Sharath, Medha, Sharfaei, Sadaf, Sharifan, Amin, Sharma, Manoj, Sharma, Rajesh, Shashamo, Bereket Beyene, Shayan, Maryam, Sheikhi, Rahim Ali, Shekhar, Shashank, Shen, Jiabin, Shenoy, Suchitra M, Shetty, Pavanchand H, Shiferaw, Desalegn Shiferaw, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shittu, Aminu, Shivakumar, K M, Shokri, Fereshteh, Shool, Sina, Shorofi, Seyed Afshin, Shrestha, Sunil, Siankam Tankwanchi, Akhenaten Benjamin, Siddig, Emmanuel Edwar, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, João Pedro, Silva, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues, Sinaei, Ehsan, Singh, Balbir Bagicha, Singh, Garima, Singh, Paramdeep, Singh, Surjit, Sirota, Sarah Brooke, Sivakumar, Shravan, Sohag, Abdullah Al Mamun, Solanki, Ranjan, Soleimani, Hamidreza, Solikhah, Solikhah, Solomon, Yerukneh, Solomon, Yonatan, Song, Suhang, Song, Yimeng, Sotoudeh, Houman, Spartalis, Michael, Stark, Benjamin A, Starnes, Joseph R, Starodubova, Antonina V, Stein, Dan J, Steiner, Timothy J, Stovner, Lars Jacob, Suleman, Muhammad, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan, Sultana, Abida, Sun, Jing, Sunkersing, David, Sunny, Angel, Susianti, Hani, Swain, Chandan Kumar, Szeto, Mindy D, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad, Tabatabai, Shima, Tabish, Mohammad, Taheri, Majid, Tahvildari, Azin, Tajbakhsh, Ardeshir, Tampa, Mircea, Tamuzi, Jacques JL Lukenze, Tan, Ker-Kan, Tang, Haosu, Tareke, Minale, Tarigan, Ingan Ukur, Tat, Nathan Y, Tat, Vivian Y, Tavakoli Oliaee, Razieh, Tavangar, Seyed Mohammad, Tavasol, Arian, Tefera, Yibekal Manaye, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Temesgen, Worku Animaw, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Teramoto, Masayuki, Tesfaye, Amensisa Hailu, Tesfaye, Edosa Geta, Tesler, Riki, Thakali, Ocean, Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan, Thapa, Rajshree, Thapar, Rekha, Thomas, Nikhil Kenny, Thrift, Amanda G, Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera, Tillawi, Tala, Toghroli, Razie, Tonelli, Marcello, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Traini, Eugenio, Tran, Nghia Minh, Tran, Ngoc-Ha, Tran, Phu Van, Tromans, Samuel Joseph, Truelsen, Thomas Clement, Truyen, Thien Tan Tri Tai, Tsatsakis, Aristidis, Tsegay, Guesh Mebrahtom, Tsermpini, Evangelia Eirini, Tualeka, Abdul Rohim, Tufa, Derara Girma, Ubah, Chukwudi S, Udoakang, Aniefiok John, Ulhaq, Inam, Umair, Muhammad, Umakanthan, Srikanth, Umapathi, Krishna Kishore, Unim, Brigid, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj, Vakilian, Alireza, Valadan Tahbaz, Sahel, Valizadeh, Rohollah, Van den Eynde, Jef, Vart, Priya, Varthya, Shoban Babu, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vaziri, Siavash, Vellingiri, Balachandar, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Verras, Georgios-Ioannis, Vervoort, Dominique, Villafańe, Jorge Hugo, Villani, Leonardo, Vinueza Veloz, Andres Fernando, Viskadourou, Maria, Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch, Vlassov, Vasily, Volovat, Simona Ruxandra, Vu, Loc Tri, Vujcic, Isidora S, Wagaye, Birhanu, Waheed, Yasir, Wahood, Waseem, Walde, Mandaras Tariku, Wang, Fang, Wang, Shu, Wang, Yanzhong, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Waqas, Muhammad, Waris, Abdul, Weerakoon, Kosala Gayan, Weintraub, Robert G, Weldemariam, Abrha Hailay, Westerman, Ronny, Whisnant, Joanna L, Wickramasinghe, Dakshitha Praneeth, Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana, Willekens, Barbara, Wilner, Lauren B, Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, Wolfe, Charles D A, Wu, Ai-Min, Wulf Hanson, Sarah, Xu, Suowen, Xu, Xiaoyue, Yadollahpour, Ali, Yaghoubi, Sajad, Yahya, Galal, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Yang, Lin, Yano, Yuichiro, Yao, Yao, Yehualashet, Sisay Shewasinad, Yeshaneh, Alex, Yesiltepe, Metin, Yi, Siyan, Yiğit, Arzu, Yiğit, Vahit, Yon, Dong Keon, Yonemoto, Naohiro, You, Yuyi, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, Yusuf, Hadiza, Zadey, Siddhesh, Zahedi, Mohammad, Zakham, Fathiah, Zaki, Nazar, Zali, Alireza, Zamagni, Giulia, Zand, Ramin, Zandieh, Ghazal G Z, Zangiabadian, Moein, Zarghami, Amin, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zeariya, Mohammed G M, Zegeye, Zelalem Banjaw, Zeukeng, Francis, Zhai, Chunxia, Zhang, Chen, Zhang, Haijun, Zhang, Yunquan, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zhao, Hanqing, Zhao, Yang, Zheng, Peng, Zhou, Hengxing, Zhu, Bin, Zhumagaliuly, Abzal, Zielińska, Magdalena, Zikarg, Yossef Teshome, Zoladl, Mohammad, Murray, Christopher J L, Ong, Kanyin Liane, Feigin, Valery L, Vos, Theo, and Dua, Tarun
Published: 2024
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20. Discordance of patient-reported outcome measures with objectively assessed walking decline in peripheral artery disease

Author: McDermott, Mary M., Tian, Lu, Zhang, Dongxue, Zhao, Lihui, Greenland, Philip, Kibbe, Melina R., Criqui, Michael H., Thangada, Neela D., Ferrucci, Luigi, Ho, Karen J., Guralnik, Jack M., and Polonsky, Tamar S.
Published: 2024
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21. Evaluation of the Value of Waist Circumference and Metabolomics in the Estimation of Visceral Adipose Tissue.

Author: Boone, Sebastiaan C, van Smeden, Maarten, Rosendaal, Frits R, le Cessie, Saskia, Groenwold, Rolf HH, Jukema, J Wouter, van Dijk, Ko Willems, Lamb, Hildo J, Greenland, Philip, Neeland, Ian J, Allison, Matthew A, Criqui, Michael H, Budoff, Matthew J, Lind, Lars L, Kullberg, Joel, Ahlström, Håkan, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O, and de Mutsert, Renée
Subjects: Adipose Tissue, Humans, Obesity, Body Mass Index, Prospective Studies, Middle Aged, Intra-Abdominal Fat, Waist Circumference, Metabolomics, added value, development, external validation, metabolomics, prediction, visceral adipose tissue, Cardiovascular, Atherosclerosis, Mathematical Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Epidemiology
Abstract: Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a strong prognostic factor for cardiovascular disease and a potential target for cardiovascular risk stratification. Because VAT is difficult to measure in clinical practice, we estimated prediction models with predictors routinely measured in general practice and VAT as outcome using ridge regression in 2,501 middle-aged participants from the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity study, 2008-2012. Adding waist circumference and other anthropometric measurements on top of the routinely measured variables improved the optimism-adjusted R2 from 0.50 to 0.58 with a decrease in the root-mean-square error (RMSE) from 45.6 to 41.5 cm2 and with overall good calibration. Further addition of predominantly lipoprotein-related metabolites from the Nightingale platform did not improve the optimism-corrected R2 and RMSE. The models were externally validated in 370 participants from the Prospective Investigation of Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS, 2006-2009) and 1,901 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA, 2000-2007). Performance was comparable to the development setting in PIVUS (R2 = 0.63, RMSE = 42.4 cm2, calibration slope = 0.94) but lower in MESA (R2 = 0.44, RMSE = 60.7 cm2, calibration slope = 0.75). Our findings indicate that the estimation of VAT with routine clinical measurements can be substantially improved by incorporating waist circumference but not by metabolite measurements.
Published: 2022

22. Coronary calcium density in relation to coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease in adults with diabetes or metabolic syndrome: the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Author: Zhao, Yanglu, Malik, Shaista, Criqui, Michael H, Allison, Matthew A, Budoff, Matthew J, Sandfort, Veit, and Wong, Nathan D
Subjects: Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Clinical Research, Prevention, Nutrition, Diabetes, Heart Disease, Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular, Aging, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Humans, Metabolic Syndrome, Calcium, Cardiovascular Diseases, Coronary Artery Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Coronary Vessels, Risk Factors, Risk Assessment, Coronary calcium density, Coronary heart disease, Cardiovascular disease, Diabetes mellitus, Metabolic syndrome, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Cardiovascular System & Hematology
Abstract: BackgroundCoronary artery calcium (CAC) density is inversely associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We examined this relation in those with diabetes mellitus (DM) or metabolic syndrome (MetS).MethodsWe studied 3,818 participants with non-zero CAC scores from the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and classified them as DM, MetS (without DM) or neither DM/MetS. Risk factor-adjusted CAC density was calculated and examined in relation to incident CHD and CVD events over a median follow-up of 15 years among these three disease groups.ResultsAdjusted CAC density was 2.54, 2.61 and 2.69 among those with DM, MetS or neither DM/MetS. Hazard ratios (HRs) for CHD per 1 SD increase of CAC density was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.72-1.16), 0.70 (95% CI: 0.56-0.87) and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.66-0.95) for those with DM, MetS or neither DM/MetS groups and were 0.77 (95% CI: 0.64-0.94), 0.83 (95% CI: 0.70-0.99) and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.71-0.95) for CVD, respectively. Adjustment for CAC density increased the HRs of CAC volume for CHD/CVD events. Compared to prediction models with or without single CAC measures, c-statistics of models with CAC volume and density were the highest ranging 0.67-0.72.ConclusionCAC density is lower among patients with DM or MetS than those with neither DM/MetS and is inversely associated with future CHD/CVD risk among them. Including CAC density in risk assessment among those with MetS may improve prediction of CHD and CVD.
Published: 2022

23. Associations of cardiac injury biomarkers with risk of peripheral artery disease: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Author: Garg, Parveen K, Lima, Joao, deFilippi, Christopher R, Daniels, Lori B, Seliger, Stephen L, de Lemos, James A, Maisel, Alan S, Criqui, Michael H, and Bahrami, Hossein
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology, Cardiovascular, Clinical Research, Atherosclerosis, Heart Disease, Prevention, Aging, 4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies, Detection, screening and diagnosis, Ankle Brachial Index, Biomarkers, Humans, Natriuretic Peptide, Brain, Peptide Fragments, Peripheral Arterial Disease, Risk Factors, Troponin T, Peripheral vascular disease, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Public Health and Health Services, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology
Abstract: IntroductionWe investigated the associations of high-sensitivity cardiac Troponin T (hs-cTnT) and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels with risk of developing clinical peripheral artery disease (PAD) or a low ankle-brachial index (ABI).MethodsHs-cTnT and NT-proBNP were measured in 6692 and 5458 participants respectively without baseline PAD between 2000 and 2002 in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. A significant number also had repeat biomarker measurement between 2004 and 2005. Incident clinical PAD was ascertained through 2017. Incident low ABI, defined as ABI 0.9 at baseline and at least one follow-up ABI measurement 3-10 years later. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression modeling were used to determine the association of these biomarkers with clinical PAD and low ABI, respectively.ResultsOverall, 121 clinical PAD and 118 low ABI events occurred. Adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics, each log unit increment in hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP was associated with a 30% (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1, 1.6) and 50% (HR) 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2, 1.8) higher risk of clinical PAD respectively. No significant associations were observed for incident low ABI. Change in these biomarkers was not associated with either of the PAD outcomes.ConclusionsNT-proBNP and hs-cTnT are independently associated with the development of clinical PAD. Further study should determine whether these biomarkers can help to better identify those at higher risk for PAD.
Published: 2021

24. Association of coronary artery calcification and thoracic aortic calcification with incident peripheral arterial disease in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Author: Bakhshi, Hooman, Bagchi, Pramita, Meyghani, Zahra, Tehrani, Behnam, Qian, Xiaoxiao, Garg, Parveen K, Ambale-Venkatesh, Bharath, Bhatia, Harpreet S, Ohyama, Yoshiaki, Wu, Colin O, Budoff, Matthew, Allison, Matthew, Criqui, Michael H, Bluemke, David A, Lima, Joao AC, and deFilippi, Christopher R
Subjects: Epidemiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Heart Disease, Prevention, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular, Clinical Research, Good Health and Well Being, Ankle-brachial index, Cardiac computed tomography, Coronary artery calcification, Peripheral arterial disease, Thoracic aortic calcification
Abstract: AimsThe association of subclinical atherosclerotic disease in the coronary arteries and thoracic aorta with incident peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is unknown. We investigated the association between coronary artery calcium score (CACs) and thoracic aortic calcium score (TACs) with incident clinical and subclinical PAD.Methods and resultsThe Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) recruited 6814 men and women aged 45-84 from four ethnic groups who were free of clinical cardiovascular disease at enrolment. Coronary artery calcium score and thoracic aortic calcium score were measured from computed tomography scans. Participants with a baseline ankle-brachial index (ABI) ≤0.90 or >1.4 were excluded. Abnormal ABI was defined as ABI ≤0.9 or >1.4 at follow-up exam. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to test the associations between baseline CACs and TACs with incident abnormal ABI and clinical PAD, respectively. A total of 6409 participants (female: 52.8%) with a mean age of 61 years were analysed. Over a median follow-up of 16.7 years, 91 participants developed clinical PAD. In multivariable analysis, each unit increase in log (CACS + 1) and log (TACs + 1) were associated with 23% and 13% (P < 0.01for both) higher risk of incident clinical PAD, respectively. In 5725 (female: 52.6%) participants with an available follow-up ABI over median 9.2 years, each 1-unit increase in log (CACs + 1) and log (TACs + 1) were independently associated with 1.15-fold and 1.07-fold (P < 0.01for both) higher odds of incident abnormal ABI, respectively.ConclusionHigher baseline CACs and TACs predict abnormal ABI and clinical PAD independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and baseline ABI.
Published: 2021

25. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Collaborators, GBD 2019 Stroke, Feigin, Valery L, Stark, Benjamin A, Johnson, Catherine Owens, Roth, Gregory A, Bisignano, Catherine, Abady, Gdiom Gebreheat, Abbasifard, Mitra, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abedi, Vida, Abualhasan, Ahmed, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Agarwal, Gina, Agasthi, Pradyumna, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Sohail, Ahmadi, Sepideh, Salih, Yusra Ahmed, Aji, Budi, Akbarpour, Samaneh, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Hamad, Hanadi Al, Alahdab, Fares, Alif, Mohammad, Alipour, Vahid, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Almustanyir, Sami, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderlini, Deanna, Anderson, Jason A, Ansar, Adnan, Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo, Arabloo, Jalal, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artanti, Kurnia Dwi, Aryan, Zahra, Asgari, Samaneh, Ashraf, Tahira, Athar, Mohammad, Atreya, Alok, Ausloos, Marcel, Baig, Atif Amin, Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin, Banach, Maciej, Barboza, Miguel A, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara, Basu, Sanjay, Bazmandegan, Gholamreza, Beghi, Ettore, Beheshti, Mahya, Béjot, Yannick, Bell, Arielle Wilder, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Bezabhe, Woldesellassie Mequanint, Bezabih, Yihienew Mequanint, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Birhanu, Mulugeta M, Boloor, Archith, Bonny, Aime, Brauer, Michael, Brenner, Hermann, Bryazka, Dana, Butt, Zahid A, dos Santos, Florentino Luciano Caetano, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Cantu-Brito, Carlos, Carrero, Juan J, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Catapano, Alberico L, Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo, Charan, Jaykaran, Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan, Chowdhury, Enayet Karim, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Chung, Sheng-Chia, Colozza, David, Costa, Vera Marisa, Costanzo, Simona, Criqui, Michael H, Dadras, Omid, Dagnew, Baye, Dai, Xiaochen, Dalal, Koustuv, Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura, D'Amico, Emanuele, Dandona, Lalit, and Dandona, Rakhi
Subjects: Brain Disorders, Aging, Prevention, Stroke, Clinical Research, 2.4 Surveillance and distribution, Aetiology, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Body Mass Index, Cerebral Hemorrhage, Female, Global Burden of Disease, Humans, Incidence, Income, Ischemic Stroke, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Risk Factors, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, GBD 2019 Stroke Collaborators, Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery
Abstract: BackgroundRegularly updated data on stroke and its pathological types, including data on their incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability, risk factors, and epidemiological trends, are important for evidence-based stroke care planning and resource allocation. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) aims to provide a standardised and comprehensive measurement of these metrics at global, regional, and national levels.MethodsWe applied GBD 2019 analytical tools to calculate stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and the population attributable fraction (PAF) of DALYs (with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) associated with 19 risk factors, for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. These estimates were provided for ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and all strokes combined, and stratified by sex, age group, and World Bank country income level.FindingsIn 2019, there were 12·2 million (95% UI 11·0-13·6) incident cases of stroke, 101 million (93·2-111) prevalent cases of stroke, 143 million (133-153) DALYs due to stroke, and 6·55 million (6·00-7·02) deaths from stroke. Globally, stroke remained the second-leading cause of death (11·6% [10·8-12·2] of total deaths) and the third-leading cause of death and disability combined (5·7% [5·1-6·2] of total DALYs) in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, the absolute number of incident strokes increased by 70·0% (67·0-73·0), prevalent strokes increased by 85·0% (83·0-88·0), deaths from stroke increased by 43·0% (31·0-55·0), and DALYs due to stroke increased by 32·0% (22·0-42·0). During the same period, age-standardised rates of stroke incidence decreased by 17·0% (15·0-18·0), mortality decreased by 36·0% (31·0-42·0), prevalence decreased by 6·0% (5·0-7·0), and DALYs decreased by 36·0% (31·0-42·0). However, among people younger than 70 years, prevalence rates increased by 22·0% (21·0-24·0) and incidence rates increased by 15·0% (12·0-18·0). In 2019, the age-standardised stroke-related mortality rate was 3·6 (3·5-3·8) times higher in the World Bank low-income group than in the World Bank high-income group, and the age-standardised stroke-related DALY rate was 3·7 (3·5-3·9) times higher in the low-income group than the high-income group. Ischaemic stroke constituted 62·4% of all incident strokes in 2019 (7·63 million [6·57-8·96]), while intracerebral haemorrhage constituted 27·9% (3·41 million [2·97-3·91]) and subarachnoid haemorrhage constituted 9·7% (1·18 million [1·01-1·39]). In 2019, the five leading risk factors for stroke were high systolic blood pressure (contributing to 79·6 million [67·7-90·8] DALYs or 55·5% [48·2-62·0] of total stroke DALYs), high body-mass index (34·9 million [22·3-48·6] DALYs or 24·3% [15·7-33·2]), high fasting plasma glucose (28·9 million [19·8-41·5] DALYs or 20·2% [13·8-29·1]), ambient particulate matter pollution (28·7 million [23·4-33·4] DALYs or 20·1% [16·6-23·0]), and smoking (25·3 million [22·6-28·2] DALYs or 17·6% [16·4-19·0]).InterpretationThe annual number of strokes and deaths due to stroke increased substantially from 1990 to 2019, despite substantial reductions in age-standardised rates, particularly among people older than 70 years. The highest age-standardised stroke-related mortality and DALY rates were in the World Bank low-income group. The fastest-growing risk factor for stroke between 1990 and 2019 was high body-mass index. Without urgent implementation of effective primary prevention strategies, the stroke burden will probably continue to grow across the world, particularly in low-income countries.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2021

26. Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: Contemporary Epidemiology, Management Gaps, and Future Directions: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Author: Criqui, Michael H, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Aboyans, Victor, Hess, Connie N, Hicks, Caitlin W, Kwan, Tak W, McDermott, Mary M, Misra, Sanjay, Ujueta, Francisco, and Council, on behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Council on Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease and Stroke
Subjects: Clinical Research, Health Services, Heart Disease, Prevention, Cardiovascular, 4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies, Detection, screening and diagnosis, Good Health and Well Being, American Heart Association, Atherosclerosis, Combined Modality Therapy, Diagnostic Tests, Routine, Disease Management, Disease Susceptibility, Female, Humans, Lower Extremity, Male, Mass Screening, Peripheral Arterial Disease, Prevalence, Prognosis, Public Health Surveillance, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Treatment Outcome, United States, AHA Scientific Statements, diagnosis, epidemiology, peripheral artery disease, prognosis, risk factors, American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention, Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health, Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease, and Stroke Council, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Cardiovascular System & Hematology
Abstract: Lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects >230 million adults worldwide and is associated with increased risk of various adverse clinical outcomes (other cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease and stroke and leg outcomes such as amputation). Despite its prevalence and clinical importance, PAD has been historically underappreciated by health care professionals and patients. This underappreciation seems multifactorial (eg, limited availability of the first-line diagnostic test, the ankle-brachial index, in clinics; incorrect perceptions that a leg vascular disease is not fatal and that the diagnosis of PAD would not necessarily change clinical practice). In the past several years, a body of evidence has indicated that these perceptions are incorrect. Several studies have consistently demonstrated that many patients with PAD are not receiving evidence-based therapies. Thus, this scientific statement provides an update for health care professionals regarding contemporary epidemiology (eg, prevalence, temporal trends, risk factors, and complications) of PAD, the present status of diagnosis (physiological tests and imaging modalities), and the major gaps in the management of PAD (eg, medications, exercise therapy, and revascularization). The statement also lists key gaps in research, clinical practice, and implementation related to PAD. Orchestrated efforts among different parties (eg, health care providers, researchers, expert organizations, and health care organizations) will be needed to increase the awareness and understanding of PAD and improve the diagnostic approaches, management, and prognosis of PAD.
Published: 2021

27. Perceived Versus Objective Change in Walking Ability in Peripheral Artery Disease: Results from 3 Randomized Clinical Trials of Exercise Therapy

Author: McDermott, Mary M, Tian, Lu, Criqui, Michael H, Ferrucci, Luigi, Greenland, Philip, Guralnik, Jack M, Kibbe, Melina R, Li, Lingyu, Sufit, Robert, Zhao, Lihui, and Polonsky, Tamar S
Subjects: Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Rehabilitation, Cardiovascular, Prevention, Clinical Research, Aged, Exercise Therapy, Exercise Tolerance, Female, Humans, Intermittent Claudication, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Reported Outcome Measures, Peripheral Arterial Disease, Predictive Value of Tests, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Recovery of Function, Reproducibility of Results, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Walk Test, Walking, exercise, intermittent claudication, patient-reported outcome measures, peripheral artery disease, patient‐reported outcome measures, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology
Abstract: Background In people with lower-extremity peripheral artery disease, the effects of exercise on patient-reported outcomes remain unclear. Methods and Results Four hundred four people with peripheral artery disease in 3 clinical trials were randomized to exercise (N=205) or a control group (N=199) and completed the 6-minute walk and the Walking Impairment Questionnaire distance score (score 0-100, 100=best) at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Compared with the control group, exercise improved 6-minute walk distance by +39.8 m (95% CI, 26.8-52.8, P
Published: 2021

28. Distribution of calcium volume, density, number, and type of coronary vessel with calcified plaque in South Asians in the US and other race/ethnic groups: The MASALA and MESA studies

Author: Al Rifai, Mahmoud, Kanaya, Alka M, Kandula, Namratha R, Cainzos-Achirica, Miguel, Patel, Jaideep, Budoff, Matthew, Criqui, Michael H, Blaha, Michael J, and Virani, Salim S
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology, Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular, Atherosclerosis, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Clinical Research, Aging, Heart Disease, Prevention, Minority Health, Good Health and Well Being, Asian, Calcium, Coronary Artery Disease, Coronary Vessels, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Plaque, Atherosclerotic, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology, Clinical sciences
Abstract: Background and aimsSouth Asians (SA) experience disproportionately higher rates of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events than non-Hispanic whites (NHW) and several other Asian groups. The coronary artery calcium (CAC) Agatston score may not capture the unique characteristics of coronary plaque in SA. We therefore evaluated the prevalence and patterns of advanced CAC measures (specific coronary vessel involvement, CAC volume and density) in SA versus other race/ethnicities.MethodsWe combined data from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) and Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohorts. We used multivariable-adjusted linear regression models to compare advanced CAC measures between SA and other ethnicities.ResultsOur analyses included 7,625 individuals (810 SA, 2,622 whites, 1,893 African Americans, 1,496 Hispanics, 803 Chinese Americans) with mean (SD) age 62 (10) years and 48% men. In adjusted analyses, compared to NHW, SA had lower overall CAC volume [beta coefficient (95% CI)] [-0.46 (-0.62,-0.29)] but higher overall CAC density [0.14 (0.11,0.18)]. These trends were similar when SA were compared to non-whites (Hispanics, Chinese Americans, and African Americans). SA had higher overall [0.07 (0.03,0.12)] and right coronary artery [0.09 (0.03,0.16)] CAC density compared to non-whites, while CAC volume was not significantly different between these two groups.ConclusionsSA have lower CAC volume compared to NHW but similar compared to non-whites. Overall CAC density is higher among SA compared to NHW and non-whites. Future longitudinal studies of ASCVD events are required to confirm the prognostic significance of these findings among SA.
Published: 2021

29. Meaningful change in 6-minute walk in people with peripheral artery disease.

Author: McDermott, Mary M, Tian, Lu, Criqui, Michael H, Ferrucci, Luigi, Conte, Michael S, Zhao, Lihui, Li, Lingyu, Sufit, Robert, Polonsky, Tamar S, Kibbe, Melina R, Greenland, Philip, Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan, and Guralnik, Jack M
Subjects: Leg, Humans, Walking, Follow-Up Studies, Aged, Female, Male, Peripheral Arterial Disease, Surveys and Questionnaires, Walk Test, Cardiovascular, Clinical Research, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Medical and Health Sciences, Cardiovascular System & Hematology
Abstract: ObjectiveThe 6-minute walk test is a common outcome measure in clinical trials of people with lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD). However, what constitutes a meaningful change in the 6-minute walk distance has not been well defined for people with PAD. The present study related the change in the 6-minute walk distance to the degree of participant-reported improvement or decline in the 6-minute walk distance to define a meaningful change in the 6-minute walk distance for those with PAD.MethodsParticipants with PAD from three observational longitudinal studies completed the walking impairment questionnaire (WIQ) distance score and 6-minute walk at baseline and 1 year later. The WIQ distance score measures participants' perceived difficulty walking seven different distances without stopping (ranging from walking around the home to walking 5 blocks) on a 0 to 4 Likert scale, with 0 representing an inability to walk the distance and 4 representing no difficulty. The mean changes in the 6-minute walk distance corresponding to the participants' report of no change, 1-unit change, or 2-unit change, respectively, in the Likert scale score between the baseline and 1-year follow-up measures were calculated for each WIQ distance.ResultsA total of 777 participants with PAD (mean age, 71.2 ± 8.8 years; mean baseline 6-minute walk distance, 350.1 ± 118.1 meters) completed 5439 questions about their difficulty walking each WIQ distance at baseline and follow-up. Participants with PAD who reported no change in their difficulty in walking each WIQ distance between baseline and follow-up had a decline of 7.2 meters (95% confidence interval [CI], -11.6 to -2.8 meters) in the 6-minute walk test. Relative to those reporting no change in difficulty walking, the participants reporting 1- and 2-point improvements in walking ability showed 6-minute walk distance improvements of 7.8 meters (95% CI, -0.3 to 15.9 meters) and 20.1 meters (95% CI, 1.1-39.2 meters), respectively. Relative to those reporting no change in walking difficulty, those reporting 1- and 2-point declines in perceived walking difficulty showed declines of -11.2 meters (95% CI, -19.0 to -3.4 meters) and -23.8 meters (95% CI, -37.4 to -10.3 meters) in the 6-minute walk distance.ConclusionsAmong people with PAD, ∼8- and ∼20-meter improvements in the 6-minute walk distance represent small and large improvements in walking ability, respectively. People with PAD who reported no change in their ability to walk distances over 1 year simultaneously declined by a mean of 7 meters in the 6-minute walk test. These findings will be useful for interpreting the results from randomized trials of interventions to improve the walking performance of people with PAD.
Published: 2021

30. Lipoprotein(a) and the pooled cohort equations for ASCVD risk prediction: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Author: Bhatia, Harpreet S., Rikhi, Rishi, Allen, Tara S., Yeang, Calvin, Guan, Weihua, Garg, Parveen K., Tsai, Michael Y., Criqui, Michael H., Shapiro, Michael D., and Tsimikas, Sotirios
Published: 2023
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31. Prevalence, years lived with disability, and trends in anaemia burden by severity and cause, 1990–2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author: Gardner, William M, Razo, Christian, McHugh, Theresa A, Hagins, Hailey, Vilchis-Tella, Victor M, Hennessy, Conor, Taylor, Heather Jean, Perumal, Nandita, Fuller, Kia, Cercy, Kelly M, Zoeckler, Leo Zucker, Chen, Catherine S, Lim, Stephen S, Aali, Amirali, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Abdurehman, Ame Mehadi, Abebe, Getachew, Abidi, Hassan, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Aboye, Girma Beressa Aboye, Abtew, Yonas Derso, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Adane, Denberu Eshetie Adane, Adane, Tigist Demssew, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Adesina, Miracle Ayomikun, Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Afzal, Muhammad Sohail, Afzal, Saira, Agustina, Rina, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Aqeel, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmadi, Sepideh, Ahmed, Ayman, Ahmed Rashid, Tarik, Aiman, Wajeeha, Ajami, Marjan, Akbarialiabad, Hossein, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Nazmul, Alemayehu, Astawus, Alhassan, Robert Kaba, Ali, Muhammad Ashar, Almustanyir, Sami, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Al-Rifai, Rami H, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Alvand, Saba, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amer, Yasser Sami Abdel Dayem, Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena, Amu, Hubert, Anagaw, Tadele Fentabil, Ancuceanu, Robert, Anoushirvani, Ali Arash, Antwi, Maxwell Hubert, Anvari, Davood, Arabloo, Jalal, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Ariffin, Hany, Aripov, Timur, Arja, Asrat, Arndt, Michael Benjamin, Arulappan, Judie, Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo, Ashraf, Tahira, Asresie, Melash Belachew, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atlaw, Daniel, Aujayeb, Avinash, Awoke, Andargie Abate, Awoke, Mamaru Ayenew, Azadnajafabad, Sina, Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza, B, Darshan B, Badawi, Alaa, Badiye, Ashish D, Baghcheghi, Nayereh, Bagheri, Nasser, Bagherieh, Sara, Baig, Atif Amin, Banach, Maciej, Banik, Palash Chandra, Bantie, Abere Tilahun, Barr, Ronald D, Barrow, Amadou, Bashiri, Azadeh, Basu, Saurav, Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad, Begum, Tahmina, Belete, Melaku Ashagrie, Belo, Luis, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berhie, Alemshet Yirga, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhardwaj, Nikha, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhat, Ajay Nagesh, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bikbov, Boris, Billah, Sk Masum, Birara, Setognal, Bishai, Jessica Devin, Bitaraf, Saeid, Boloor, Archith, Botelho, João Silva Botelho, Burkart, Katrin, Calina, Daniela, Cembranel, Francieli, Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo, Chanie, Gashaw Sisay, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chien, Ju-Huei, Chukwu, Isaac Sunday, Chung, Eunice, Criqui, Michael H, Cruz-Martins, Natália, Dadras, Omid, Dagnew, Gizachew Worku, Dai, Xiaochen, Danawi, Hadi A, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Das, Jai K, Das, Saswati, De la Cruz-Góngora, Vanessa, Demisse, Fitsum Wolde, Demissie, Solomon, Demsie, Desalegn Getnet, Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai, Desalegn, Markos Desalegn, Dessalegn, Fikadu Nugusu, Dessie, Gashaw, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dhingra, Sameer, Diaz, Daniel, Didehdar, Mojtaba, Dirac, M Ashworth, Diress, Mengistie, Doaei, Saeid, Dodangeh, Milad, Doku, Paul Narh, Dongarwar, Deepa, Dora, Bezabih Terefe, Dsouza, Haneil Larson, Edinur, Hisham Atan, Ekholuenetale, Michael, Elagali, Ahmed Elabbas Mustafa, Elbahnasawy, Mostafa Ahmed, Elbarazi, Iffat, ElGohary, Ghada Metwally Tawfik, Elhadi, Muhammed, El-Huneidi, Waseem, Elmonem, Mohamed A, Enyew, Daniel Berhanie, Eshetu, Habitu Birhan, Ewald, Samuel B, Ezzeddini, Rana, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis, Fasanmi, Abidemi Omolara, Fatehizadeh, Ali, Fekadu, Ginenus, Feyisa, Bikila Regassa, Fischer, Florian, Fitzgerald, Ryan, Foroutan, Masoud, Fowobaje, Kayode Raphael, Gadanya, Muktar A, Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji, Gaihre, Santosh, Gaipov, Abduzhappar, Galali, Yaseen, Galehdar, Nasrin, Garg, Priyanka, Garg, Tushar, Gebremariam, Yosef Haile, Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork, Gebremichael, Berhe, Gela, Yibeltal Yismaw, Gerema, Urge, Getacher, Lemma, Ghaffari, Kazem, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi, Ghasemi Nour, Mohammad, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Gholamalizadeh, Maryam, Ghozy, Sherief, Gizaw, Abraham Tamirat T, Glasbey, James C, Golechha, Mahaveer, Goleij, Pouya, Golitaleb, Mohamad, Goulart, Alessandra C, Goyomsa, Girma Garedew, Guadie, Habtamu Alganeh, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, Gudisa, Zewdie, Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajat Das, Gupta, Sapna, Gupta, Vivek Kumar, Guta, Alemu, Habibzadeh, Parham, Hamidi, Samer, Handal, Alexis J, Hanif, Asif, Hannan, Md Abdul, Harapan, Harapan, Harorani, Mehdi, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, Hasan, Md Mehedi, Hasani, Hamidreza, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hassen, Mohammed Bheser, Hay, Simon I, Hayat, Khezar, Heidari, Golnaz, Hess, Sonja Y, Heyi, Demisu Zenbaba, Hezam, Kamal, Hiraike, Yuta, Holla, Ramesh, Hossain, Sheikh Jamal, Hosseini, Kaveh, Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Huang, Junjie, Hussain, Salman, Hussien, Foziya Mohammed, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M, Immurana, Mustapha, Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah, J, Linda Merin, Jamshidi, Elham, Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar, Jayarajah, Umesh, Jayaram, Shubha, Jebai, Rime, Jemal, Bedru, Jeyakumar, Angeline, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jonas, Jost B, Joseph, Nitin, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Kabir, Ali, Kalankesh, Laleh R, Kalhor, Rohollah, Kamal, Vineet Kumar, Kandel, Himal, Kanko, Tesfaye K, Karaye, Ibraheem M, Kashoo, Faizan Zaffar, Katoto, Patrick DMC, Kauppila, Joonas H, Kaur, Harkiran, Kayode, Gbenga A, Kebede, Adera Debella, Keshri, Vikash Ranjan, Keykhaei, Mohammad, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khajuria, Himanshu, Khalid, Nauman, Khammarnia, Mohammad, Khan, Imteyaz A, Khan, Moien AB, Khatab, Khaled, Khazaei, Zaher, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kisa, Sezer, Kompani, Farzad, Kosen, Soewarta, Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi, Krishan, Kewal, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kuddus, Mohammed, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Naveen, Kumar, Nithin, Kurmi, Om P, Kuti, Oluwatosin, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Landires, Iván, Larsson, Anders O, Lassi, Zohra S, Latief, Kamaluddin, Laxmaiah, Avula, Ledda, Caterina, Lee, Sang-woong, Legesse, Samson Mideksa, Liu, Xuefeng, Lorenzovici, László, Machado, Vanessa Sintra Machado, Mahajan, Preetam Bhalchandra, Mahjoub, Soleiman, Mahmoodpoor, Ata, Mahmoudi, Elham, Malakan Rad, Elaheh, Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Masoudi, Sahar, Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra, Medina, John Robert Carabeo, Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mendes, José João Mendes, Mendoza, Walter, Mendoza-Cano, Oliver, Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A, Meresa, Haftu Asmerom, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Mirghafourvand, Mojgan, Mirica, Andreea, Mirza, Moonis, Misganaw, Awoke, Misra, Sanjeev, Mohammad, Dara K, Mohammadi, Shadieh, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohan, Syam, Moka, Nagabhishek, Mokdad, Ali H, Momtazmanesh, Sara, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moni, Mohammad Ali, Moosavi, Delaram, Moradi, Maryam, Mosapour, Abbas, Mostafavi, Ebrahim, Muche, Temesgen, Mulita, Francesk, Mulu, Getaneh Baye, Murray, Christopher J L, Musina, Ana-Maria, Mustafa, Ghulam, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Nair, Tapas Sadasivan, Narasimha Swamy, Sreenivas, Nassereldine, Hasan, Natto, Zuhair S, Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Naz, Shumaila, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Nguefack-Tsague, Georges, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Niazi, Robina Khan, Noori, Maryam, Nowroozi, Ali, Nurrika, Dieta, Nuruzzaman, Khan M, Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet, Oancea, Bogdan, Obaidur, Rahman Md, Obsa, Mohammed Mohammed Suleiman Suleiman, Odhiambo, Julius Nyerere, Ogunsakin, Ropo Ebenezer, Okati-Aliabad, Hassan, Okonji, Osaretin Christabel, Oladunjoye, Adeolu Olufunso, Oladunjoye, Olubunmi Omotola, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa, Omar Bali, Ahmed, Omonisi, Abidemi E Emmanuel, Ortiz, Alberto, Owolabi, Mayowa O, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pakzad, Reza, Palicz, Tamás, Pandey, Anamika, Pandya, Apurva Kumar, Papadopoulou, Paraskevi, Pardhan, Shahina, Patel, Jay, Pathak, Ashish, Pathan, Aslam Ramjan, Paudel, Rajan, Paudel, Uttam, Pawar, Shrikant, Pereira, Gavin, Perico, 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Published: 2023
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32. Abstract 13805: Associations of Subclavian Artery Calcification With Future Cardiovascular Events and Death: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Author: Duprez, Daniel A, Jacobs, David R, Daniels, Michael R, Andrews, Leah, Brumbach, Lyndia, Denenberg, Julie, Watanabe, Kelly, Cornelissen Guillaume, Germaine, Criqui, Michael H, Szklo, Moyses, and Allison, Matthew A
Published: 2023
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33. Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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Andrea, Mazzaglia, Giampiero, Mekonnen, Teferi, Meshkat, Mahboobeh, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miao Jonasson, Junmei, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Minh, Le Huu Nhat, Mini, GK, Miranda, J Jaime, Mirfakhraie, Reza, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad, Misganaw, Awoke, Misgina, Kebede Haile, Mishra, Manish, Moazen, Babak, Mohamed, Nouh Saad, Mohammadi, Esmaeil, Mohammadi, Mohsen, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadshahi, Marita, Mohseni, Alireza, Mojiri-forushani, Hoda, Mokdad, Ali H, Momtazmanesh, Sara, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moniruzzaman, Md, Mons, Ute, Montazeri, Fateme, Moodi Ghalibaf, AmirAli, Moradi, Yousef, Moradi, Maryam, Moradi Sarabi, Mostafa, Morovatdar, Negar, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Morze, Jakub, Mossialos, Elias, Mostafavi, Ebrahim, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Mulita, Francesk, Mulita, Admir, Murillo-Zamora, Efrén, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mwita, Julius C, Nagaraju, Shankar Prasad, Naghavi, Mohsen, Nainu, Firzan, Nair, Tapas Sadasivan, Najmuldeen, 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Mohammad-Mahdi, Ratan, Zubair Ahmed, Rawaf, Salman, Rawal, Lal, Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Rengasamy, Kannan RR, Renzaho, Andre M N, Reyes, Luis Felipe, Rezaei, Nima, Rezaei, Nazila, Rezaeian, Mohsen, Rezazadeh, Hossein, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Rias, Yohanes Andy, Riaz, Muhammad, Ribeiro, Daniela, Rodrigues, Mónica, Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia, Roever, Leonardo, Rohloff, Peter, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roustazadeh, Abazar, Rwegerera, Godfrey M, Saad, Aly M A, Saber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed, Sabour, Siamak, Sabzmakan, Leila, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Erfan, Saeed, Umar, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Safi, Sare, Safi, Sher Zaman, Saghazadeh, Amene, Saheb Sharif-Askari, Narjes, Saheb Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahoo, Soumya Swaroop, Sahoo, Harihar, Saif-Ur-Rahman, KM, Sajid, Mirza Rizwan, Salahi, Sarvenaz, Salahi, Saina, Saleh, Mohamed A, Salehi, Mohammad Amin, Salomon, Joshua A, Sanabria, Juan, Sanjeev, Rama Krishna, Sanmarchi, Francesco, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, Sarasmita, Made Ary, Sargazi, Saman, Sathian, Brijesh, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Sawhney, Monika, Schlaich, Markus P, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schuermans, Art, Seidu, Abdul-Aziz, Senthil Kumar, Nachimuthu, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Sethi, Yashendra, Seylani, Allen, Shabany, Maryam, Shafaghat, Tahereh, Shafeghat, Melika, Shafie, Mahan, Shah, Nilay S, Shahid, Samiah, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shanawaz, Mohd, Shannawaz, Mohammed, Sharfaei, Sadaf, Shashamo, Bereket Beyene, Shiri, Rahman, Shittu, Aminu, Shivakumar, K M, Shivalli, Siddharudha, Shobeiri, Parnian, Shokri, Fereshteh, Shuval, Kerem, Sibhat, Migbar Mekonnen, Silva, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues, Simpson, Colin R, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Paramdeep, Singh, Surjit, Siraj, Md Shahjahan, Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna, Sohag, Abdullah Al Mamun, Soleimani, Hamidreza, Solikhah, Solikhah, Soltani-Zangbar, Mohammad Sadegh, Somayaji, Ranjani, Sorensen, Reed J D, Starodubova, Antonina V, Sujata, Sujata, Suleman, Muhammad, Sun, Jing, Sundström, Johan, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad, Tabatabaeizadeh, Seyed-Amir, Tabish, Mohammad, Taheri, Majid, Taheri, Ensiyeh, Taki, Elahe, Tamuzi, Jacques JL Lukenze, Tan, Ker-Kan, Tat, Nathan Y, Taye, Birhan Tsegaw, Temesgen, Worku Animaw, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Tesler, Riki, Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Thapa, Rajshree, Tharwat, Samar, Thomas, Nihal, Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera, Tiyuri, Amir, Tonelli, Marcello, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Trico, Domenico, Trihandini, Indang, Tripathy, Jaya Prasad, Tromans, Samuel Joseph, Tsegay, Guesh Mebrahtom, Tualeka, Abdul Rohim, Tufa, Derara Girma, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ullah, Sana, Upadhyay, Era, Vahabi, Seyed Mohammad, Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj, Valizadeh, Rohollah, van Daalen, Kim Robin, Vart, Priya, Varthya, Shoban Babu, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vaziri, Siavash, Verma, Madhur verma, Verras, Georgios-Ioannis, Vo, Danh Cao, Wagaye, Birhanu, Waheed, Yasir, Wang, Ziyue, Wang, Yanqing, Wang, Cong, Wang, Fang, Wassie, Gizachew Tadesse, Wei, Melissa Y Wei, Weldemariam, Abrha Hailay, Westerman, Ronny, Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana, Wu, YiFan, Wulandari, Ratna DWI, Xia, Juan, Xiao, Hong, Xu, Suowen, Xu, Xiaoyue, Yada, Dereje Y, Yang, Lin, Yatsuya, Hiroshi, Yesiltepe, Metin, Yi, Siyan, Yohannis, Hunachew Kibret, Yonemoto, Naohiro, You, Yuyi, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamora, Nelson, Zare, Iman, Zarea, Kourosh, Zarrintan, Armin, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zeru, Naod Gebrekrstos, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zhong, Chenwen, Zhou, Jingjing, Zielińska, Magdalena, Zikarg, Yossef Teshome, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zoladl, Mohammad, Zou, Zhiyong, Zumla, Alimuddin, Zuniga, Yves Miel H, Magliano, Dianna J, Murray, Christopher J L, Hay, Simon I, and Vos, Theo
Published: 2023
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34. Lipoprotein(a) and coronary artery calcium in comparison with other lipid biomarkers: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis

Author: Jackson, Candace L., Garg, Parveen K., Guan, Weihua, Tsai, Michael Y., Criqui, Michael H., Tsimikas, Sotirios, and Bhatia, Harpreet S.
Published: 2023
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35. Peripheral Arterial Disease

Author: Golomb, Beatrice A., primary, Criqui, Michael H., additional, and Bundens, Warner P., additional
Published: 2023
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36. Relation of Statin Use Prior to Admission to Severity and Recovery Among COVID-19 Inpatients

Author: Daniels, Lori B, Sitapati, Amy M, Zhang, Jing, Zou, Jingjing, Bui, Quan M, Ren, Junting, Longhurst, Christopher A, Criqui, Michael H, and Messer, Karen
Subjects: Clinical Research, Rehabilitation, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Aged, Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, Coronavirus Infections, Critical Care, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Male, Middle Aged, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral, Recovery of Function, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, SARS-CoV-2, Severity of Illness Index, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Cardiovascular System & Hematology
Abstract: The impact of statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and recovery is important given their high prevalence of use among individuals at risk for severe COVID-19. We studied the association between use of statin/angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/ARB in the month before hospital admission, with risk of severe outcome, and with time to severe outcome or disease recovery, among patients hospitalized for COVID-19. We performed a retrospective single-center study of all patients hospitalized at University of California San Diego Health between February 10, 2020 and June 17, 2020 (n = 170 hospitalized for COVID-19, n = 5,281 COVID-negative controls). Logistic regression and competing risks analyses were used to investigate progression to severe disease (death or intensive care unit admission), and time to discharge without severe disease. Severe disease occurred in 53% of COVID-positive inpatients. Median time from hospitalization to severe disease was 2 days; median time to recovery was 7 days. Statin use prior to admission was associated with reduced risk of severe COVID-19 (adjusted OR 0.29, 95%CI 0.11 to 0.71, p < 0.01) and faster time to recovery among those without severe disease (adjusted HR for recovery 2.69, 95%CI 1.36 to 5.33, p < 0.01). The association between statin use and severe disease was smaller in the COVID-negative cohort (p for interaction = 0.07). There was potential evidence of faster time to recovery with ARB use (adjusted HR 1.92, 95%CI 0.81 to 4.56). In conclusion, statin use during the 30 days prior to admission for COVID-19 was associated with a lower risk of developing severe COVID-19, and a faster time to recovery among patients without severe disease.
Published: 2020

37. Burden of Peripheral Artery Disease on Mortality and Incident Cardiovascular Events

Author: Unkart, Jonathan T, Allison, Matthew A, Araneta, Maria Rosario G, Ix, Joachim H, Matsushita, Kunihiro, and Criqui, Michael H
Subjects: Public Health, Health Sciences, Heart Disease, Cardiovascular, Minority Health, Aging, Atherosclerosis, Good Health and Well Being, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Ankle Brachial Index, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Peripheral Arterial Disease, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, United States, ankle brachial index, claudication, multivessel, primary prevention, screening, Mathematical Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Epidemiology
Abstract: Using data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (United States, 2000-2015), 6,527 racially/ethnically diverse adults (mean age, 62 (standard deviation, 10) years) free of known cardiovascular (CVD) had ankle brachial index (ABI) assessment of their bilateral dorsalis pedis/posterior tibial arteries (4 vessels total) and were followed for total mortality and incident CVD events/mortality. Individuals were classified into categories of 0-, 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-vessel peripheral artery disease (PAD) (ABI of ≤0.9). There were 1,202 deaths (18%), 656 incident CVD events (10%), and 282 CVD deaths (4.3%). Of the 6,527 individuals, 5,711 (87.5%) had 0-, 460 (7.0%) had 1-, 218 (3.3%) had 2-, 69 (1.1%) had 3-, and 69 (1.1%) had 4-vessel PAD, respectively. In multivariable Cox models, higher number of vessels with PAD was associated with higher risk of mortality (P for trend
Published: 2020

38. Associations of abdominal muscle area and density with coronary artery calcium volume and density: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis

Author: Crawford, Margaret A, Criqui, Michael H, Forbang, Nketi, Unkart, Jonathan T, Allison, Matthew A, and Larsen, Britta A
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Aging, Cardiovascular, Biomedical Imaging, Heart Disease, Atherosclerosis, Prevention, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Abdominal Muscles, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Asian, Black People, Body Mass Index, Cardiovascular Diseases, Coronary Vessels, Dyslipidemias, Ethnicity, Female, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Assessment, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Vascular Calcification, White People, Agatston score, Body composition, Cardiovascular risk, Subclinical atherosclerosis, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Clinical sciences
Abstract: BackgroundDue to the opposing cardiovascular risk profiles of CAC volume and density, we tested the hypothesis that increased abdominal muscle area (AMA) and density (AMD) were significantly associated with lower coronary arterial calcium (CAC) volume and higher CAC density.MethodsUsing data from 787 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, Ancillary Body Composition Study, we analyzed abdominal and chest computed tomography (CT) scans. Abdominal scans were scored for muscle area, muscle density (attenuation) and visceral and subcutaneous fat. Chest scans were scored for CAC volume and Agatston values, which were used to derive CAC density scores.ResultsThe mean (SD) age and BMI of the participants was 67.8 (9.0) years and 27.9 (4.8) kg/m2, respectively. Forty-one percent were female, 46% were Caucasian, 60% had hypertension, 17% had diabetes, and 46% had dyslipidemia. AMA was positively associated with CAC volume (p
Published: 2020

39. Correlations of Calf Muscle Macrophage Content With Muscle Properties and Walking Performance in Peripheral Artery Disease

Author: Kosmac, Kate, Gonzalez‐Freire, Marta, McDermott, Mary M, White, Sarah H, Walton, R Grace, Sufit, Robert L, Tian, Lu, Li, Lingyu, Kibbe, Melina R, Criqui, Michael H, Guralnik, Jack M, Polonsky, Tamar S, Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan, Ferrucci, Luigi, and Peterson, Charlotte A
Subjects: Cardiovascular, Musculoskeletal, Adaptation, Physiological, Aged, Biomarkers, CD11b Antigen, Case-Control Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Extracellular Matrix, Female, Humans, Macrophages, Male, Membrane Glycoproteins, Microvascular Density, Middle Aged, Muscle, Skeletal, Observational Studies as Topic, Peripheral Arterial Disease, Phenotype, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Receptors, Immunologic, Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle, Walking, macrophage, peripheral artery disease, skeletal muscle, walking performance, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology
Abstract: Background Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a manifestation of atherosclerosis characterized by reduced blood flow to the lower extremities and mobility loss. Preliminary evidence suggests PAD damages skeletal muscle, resulting in muscle impairments that contribute to functional decline. We sought to determine whether PAD is associated with an altered macrophage profile in gastrocnemius muscles and whether muscle macrophage populations are associated with impaired muscle phenotype and walking performance in patients with PAD. Methods and Results Macrophages, satellite cells, and extracellular matrix in gastrocnemius muscles from 25 patients with PAD and 7 patients without PAD were quantified using immunohistochemistry. Among patients with PAD, both the absolute number and percentage of cluster of differentiation (CD) 11b+CD206+ M2-like macrophages positively correlated to satellite cell number (r=0.461 [P=0.023] and r=0.416 [P=0.042], respectively) but not capillary density or extracellular matrix. The number of CD11b+CD206- macrophages negatively correlated to 4-meter walk tests at normal (r=-0.447, P=0.036) and fast pace (r=-0.510, P=0.014). Extracellular matrix occupied more muscle area in PAD compared with non-PAD (8.72±2.19% versus 5.30±1.03%, P
Published: 2020

40. Associations of Peripheral Artery Disease With Calf Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial DNA Heteroplasmy

Author: Gonzalez‐Freire, Marta, Moore, A Zenobia, Peterson, Charlotte A, Kosmac, Kate, McDermott, Mary M, Sufit, Robert L, Guralnik, Jack M, Polonsky, Tamar, Tian, Lu, Kibbe, Melina R, Criqui, Michael H, Li, Lingyu, Leeuwenburgh, Christian, and Ferrucci, Luigi
Subjects: Cardiovascular, Clinical Research, Genetics, Prevention, Musculoskeletal, Aged, Case-Control Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, DNA, Mitochondrial, Female, Heteroplasmy, Humans, Ischemia, Leg, Male, Middle Aged, Mitochondria, Muscle, Mobility Limitation, Muscle, Skeletal, Peripheral Arterial Disease, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Severity of Illness Index, Walking, ankle brachial index, D-loop, heteroplasmy, mtDNA, mtDNA copy number, peripheral artery disease, D‐loop, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology
Abstract: Background Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) undergo frequent episodes of ischemia-reperfusion in lower extremity muscles that may negatively affect mitochondrial health and are associated with impaired mobility. We hypothesized that skeletal muscle from PAD patients will show high mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy, especially in regions more susceptible to oxidative damage, such as the displacement loop, and that the degree of heteroplasmy will be correlated with the severity of ischemia and mobility impairment. Methods and Results Mitochondrial mutations and deletions and their relative abundance were identified by targeted mitochondrial DNA sequencing in biopsy specimens of gastrocnemius muscle from 33 PAD (ankle brachial index 0.9) subjects aged ≥60 years. The probability of heteroplasmy per DNA base was significantly higher for PAD subjects than non-PAD within each region. In adjusted models, PAD was associated with higher heteroplasmy than non-PAD (P=0.003), but the association was limited to microheteroplasmy, that is heteroplasmy found in 1% to 5% of all mitochondrial genomes (P=0.004). Heteroplasmy in the displacement loop and coding regions were significantly higher for PAD than non-PAD subjects after adjustment for age, sex, race, and diabetes mellitus (P=0.037 and 0.004, respectively). Low mitochondrial damage, defined by both low mitochondrial DNA copy number and low microheteroplasmy, was associated with better walking performance. Conclusions People with PAD have higher "low frequency" heteroplasmy in gastrocnemius muscle compared with people without PAD. Among people with PAD, those who had evidence of least mitochondrial damage, had better walking performance than those with more mitochondrial damage. Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02246660.
Published: 2020

41. Sedentary time and peripheral artery disease: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Author: Unkart, Jonathan T, Allison, Matthew A, Parada, Humberto, Criqui, Michael H, Qi, Qibin, Diaz, Keith M, Carlson, Jordan A, Sotres-Alvarez, Daniela, Ostfeld, Robert J, Raij, Leopoldo, and Bellettiere, John
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Health Disparities, Physical Activity, Chronic Pain, Pain Research, Clinical Research, Prevention, Minority Health, Cardiovascular, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Ankle Brachial Index, Cause of Death, Exercise, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Incidence, Lower Extremity, Male, Middle Aged, Peripheral Arterial Disease, Prognosis, Public Health, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sedentary Behavior, Survival Rate, Ultrasonography, Doppler, United States, Young Adult, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Public Health and Health Services, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology
Abstract: BackgroundExperimental evidence suggests that sedentary time (ST) may contribute to cardiovascular disease by eliciting detrimental hemodynamic changes in the lower limbs. However, little is known about objectively measured ST and lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD).MethodsWe included 7,609 Hispanic/Latinos (ages 45-74) from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. PAD was measured using the ankle brachial index (≤0.9). ST was measured using accelerometry. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess associations of quartiles of ST and PAD, and then used the same logistic models with restricted cubic splines to investigate continuous nonlinear associations of ST and PAD. Models were sequentially adjusted for traditional PAD risk factors, leg pain, and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA).ResultsMedian ST was 12.2 h/d, and 5.4% of individuals had PAD. In fully adjusted restricted cubic splines models accounting for traditional PAD risk factors, leg pain, and MVPA, ST had a significant overall (P = .048) and nonlinear (P = .024) association with PAD. A threshold effect was seen such that time spent above median ST was associated with higher odds of PAD. That is, compared to median ST, 1, 2, and 3 hours above median ST were associated with a PAD odds ratio of 1.16 (95% CI = 1.02-1.31), 1.44 (1.06-1.94), and 1.80 (1.11-2.90), respectively.ConclusionsAmong Hispanic/Latino adults, ST was associated with higher odds of PAD, independent of leg pain, MVPA, and traditional PAD risk factors. Notably, we observed a threshold effect such that these associations were only observed at the highest levels of ST.
Published: 2020

42. Comparing 6-minute walk versus treadmill walking distance as outcomes in randomized trials of peripheral artery disease

Author: McDermott, Mary M, Guralnik, Jack M, Tian, Lu, Zhao, Lihui, Polonsky, Tamar S, Kibbe, Melina R, Criqui, Michael H, Zhang, Dongxue, Conte, Michael S, Domanchuk, Kathryn, Li, Lingyu, Sufit, Robert, Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan, and Ferrucci, Luigi
Subjects: Cardiovascular, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Clinical Research, Rehabilitation, Aged, Exercise Test, Female, Humans, Male, Peripheral Arterial Disease, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Walk Test, 6-Minute walk, Peripheral artery disease, Functional status, Disability, Clinical trials, Medical and Health Sciences, Cardiovascular System & Hematology
Abstract: BackgroundRandomized trials of people with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and intermittent claudication have traditionally used maximal treadmill walking distance as the primary outcome, but the 6-minute walk test is increasingly used as a primary outcome in randomized trials of PAD. This study compared relative changes in maximal treadmill walking distance versus 6-minute walk distance in response to a therapeutic intervention or control in randomized trials of participants with PAD.MethodsData from four randomized trials of therapeutic interventions in participants with PAD that measured both 6-minute walk and treadmill walking performance at baseline and the 6-month follow-up were combined. Two trials studied supervised treadmill exercise, one studied home-based walking exercise, and one studied resveratrol.ResultsOf 467 participants (mean age, 69.8; standard deviation, 9.7), the mean ankle-brachial index was 0.66 (standard deviation, 0.17). At the 6-month follow-up, participants with PAD randomized to control or placebo significantly declined in 6-minute walk distance (-10.2 m; 95% confidence interval, -18.2 to -2.2; P = .013), but improved maximal treadmill walking distance (+25.7 m; 95% CI, +6.0 to +45.3 m; P = .010; difference between change in 6-minute walk versus maximal treadmill walking distance: -37.3 m; 95% CI, -56.4 to -18.2; P < .001). Home-based exercise improved the 6-minute walk distance by 43.2 m (95% CI, +28.4 to +57.9), and supervised treadmill exercise improved the 6-minute walk distance by 25.0 m (95% CI, +14.7 to +35.2; mean difference, +18.2 m favoring home-based exercise [95% CI, +0.2 to +36.2 m; P = .048]). Among all participants, the presence (vs absence) of treadmill exercise training was associated with a 141.3-m greater improvement in maximal treadmill walking distance compared to 6-minute walk distance (95% CI, 88.2-194.4; P < .001), suggesting a benefit from treadmill training on the treadmill outcome.ConclusionsMaximal treadmill walking distance and the 6-minute walk distance are not interchangeable outcomes in participants with PAD. Participants with PAD randomized to control groups improved treadmill walking distance but simultaneously meaningfully declined in 6-minute walk distance. Supervised treadmill exercise training amplified improvement in treadmill walking distance because of a training to the outcome measure phenomenon.
Published: 2020

43. Associations of Perirenal Fat Thickness with Renal and Systemic Calcified Atherosclerosis.

Author: Koo, Bo Kyung, Denenberg, Julie O, Wright, C Michael, Criqui, Michael H, and Allison, Matthew A
Subjects: Kidney, Humans, Kidney Diseases, Prognosis, Follow-Up Studies, Middle Aged, California, Female, Male, Intra-Abdominal Fat, Atherosclerosis, Vascular Calcification, Aorta, abdominal, Obesity, Renal artery, Vascular calcification, Aorta, abdominal
Abstract: BackgroundWe investigated associations between perirenal fat thickness and atherosclerotic calcification in six different vascular beds.MethodsUsing a community-based cohort (n=3,919), perirenal fat thickness was estimated from computed tomography scans. It was classified as Q1 (the lowest quartile) to Q4 (the highest quartile) in each sex. Calcification in the carotid arteries, coronary arteries, thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, iliac arteries, and renal arteries was evaluated.ResultsPerirenal fat thickness was associated with older age (P
Published: 2020

44. Cocoa to Improve Walking Performance in Older People With Peripheral Artery Disease: The Cocoa-Pad Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial

Author: McDermott, Mary M, Criqui, Michael H, Domanchuk, Kathryn, Ferrucci, Luigi, Guralnik, Jack M, Kibbe, Melina R, Kosmac, Kate, Kramer, Christopher M, Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan, Li, Lingyu, Lloyd-Jones, Donald, Peterson, Charlotte A, Polonsky, Tamar S, Stein, James H, Sufit, Robert, Van Horn, Linda, Villarreal, Francisco, Zhang, Dongxue, Zhao, Lihui, and Tian, Lu
Subjects: Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Complementary and Integrative Health, Prevention, Cardiovascular, Clinical Research, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Beverages, Catechin, Chocolate, Double-Blind Method, Electron Transport Complex IV, Female, Humans, Male, Muscle, Skeletal, Peripheral Arterial Disease, Regional Blood Flow, Walking, clinical trial, intermittent claudication, mitochondria, muscles, peripheral artery disease, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular System & Hematology
Abstract: RationaleCocoa and its major flavanol component, epicatechin, have therapeutic properties that may improve limb perfusion and increase calf muscle mitochondrial activity in people with lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD).ObjectiveIn a phase II randomized clinical trial, to assess whether 6 months of cocoa improved walking performance in people with PAD, compared with placebo.Methods and resultsSix-month double-blind, randomized clinical trial in which participants with PAD were randomized to either cocoa beverage versus placebo beverage. The cocoa beverage contained 15 g of cocoa and 75 mg of epicatechin daily. The identical appearing placebo contained neither cocoa nor epicatechin. The 2 primary outcomes were 6-month change in 6-minute walk distance measured 2.5 hours after a study beverage at 6-month follow-up and 24 hours after a study beverage at 6-month follow-up, respectively. A 1-sided P
Published: 2020

45. The Impact of Substance Abuse on Heart Failure Hospitalizations

Author: Nishimura, Marin, Bhatia, Harpreet, Ma, Janet, Dickson, Stephen D, Alshawabkeh, Laith, Adler, Eric, Maisel, Alan, Criqui, Michael H, Greenberg, Barry, and Thomas, Isac C
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Public Health, Health Sciences, Health Services, Clinical Research, Substance Misuse, Drug Abuse (NIDA only), Heart Disease, Cardiovascular, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alcoholism, Amphetamine-Related Disorders, California, Female, Heart Failure, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Methamphetamine, Middle Aged, Opioid-Related Disorders, Retrospective Studies, Heart failure, Readmission, Substance abuse, Medical and Health Sciences, General & Internal Medicine, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract: BackgroundThe burden of substance abuse among patients with heart failure and its association with subsequent emergency department visits and hospital admissions are poorly characterized.MethodsWe evaluated the medical records of patients with a diagnosis of heart failure treated at the University of California-San Diego from 2005 to 2016. We identified substance abuse via diagnosis codes or urine drug screens. We used Poisson regression to evaluate the incidence rate ratios (IRR) of substance abuse for emergency department visits or hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis of heart failure, adjusted for age, sex, race, medical insurance status, and medical diagnoses.ResultsWe identified 11,268 patients with heart failure and 15,909 hospital encounters for heart failure over 49,712 person-years of follow-up. Substance abuse was diagnosed in 15.2% of patients. Disorders such as methamphetamine abuse (prevalence 5.2%, IRR 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.85-2.07), opioid use and abuse (8.2%, IRR 1.54, 95% CI 1.47-1.61), and alcohol abuse (4.5%, IRR 1.51, 95% CI 1.42-1.60) were associated with a greater number of hospital encounters for heart failure, with associations that were comparable to diagnoses such as atrial fibrillation (37%, IRR 1.78, 95% CI 1.73-1.84), ischemic heart disease (24%, IRR 1.67, 95% CI 1.62-1.73), and chronic kidney disease (26%, IRR 1.57, 95% CI 1.51-1.62).ConclusionsAlthough less prevalent than common medical comorbidities in patients with heart failure, substance-abuse disorders are significant sources of morbidity that are independently associated with emergency department visits and hospitalizations for heart failure. Greater recognition and treatment of substance abuse may improve outcomes among patients with heart failure.
Published: 2020

46. Associations of recreational and non-recreational physical activity with coronary artery calcium density vs. volume and cardiovascular disease events: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Author: Thomas, Isac C, Takemoto, Michelle L, Forbang, Nketi I, Larsen, Britta A, Michos, Erin D, McClelland, Robyn L, Allison, Matthew A, Budoff, Matthew J, and Criqui, Michael H
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology, Atherosclerosis, Prevention, Heart Disease, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Aging, Clinical Research, Physical Activity, Cardiovascular, Calcium, Cardiovascular Diseases, Coronary Artery Disease, Exercise, Humans, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, physical activity, recreational, coronary artery calcium, density, volume, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology
Abstract: AimsThe benefits of physical activity (PA) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) are well known. However, studies suggest PA is associated with coronary artery calcium (CAC), a subclinical marker of CVD. In this study, we evaluated the associations of self-reported recreational and non-recreational PA with CAC composition and incident CVD events. Prior studies suggest high CAC density may be protective for CVD events.Methods and resultsWe evaluated 3393 participants of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis with prevalent CAC. After adjusting for demographics, the highest quintile of recreational PA was associated with 0.07 (95% confidence interval 0.01-0.13) units greater CAC density but was not associated with CAC volume. In contrast, the highest quintile of non-recreational PA was associated with 0.08 (0.02-0.14) units lower CAC density and a trend toward 0.13 (-0.01 to 0.27) log-units higher CAC volume. There were 520 CVD events over a 13.7-year median follow-up. Recreational PA was associated with lower CVD risk (hazard ratio 0.88, 0.79-0.98, per standard deviation), with an effect size that was not changed with adjustment for CAC composition or across levels of prevalent CAC.ConclusionRecreational PA may be associated with a higher density but not a higher volume of CAC. Non-recreational PA may be associated with lower CAC density, suggesting these forms of PA may not have equivalent associations with this subclinical marker of CVD. While PA may affect the composition of CAC, the associations of PA with CVD risk appear to be independent of CAC.
Published: 2020

47. HDAC9 is implicated in atherosclerotic aortic calcification and affects vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype

Author: Malhotra, Rajeev, Mauer, Andreas C, Lino Cardenas, Christian L, Guo, Xiuqing, Yao, Jie, Zhang, Xiaoling, Wunderer, Florian, Smith, Albert V, Wong, Quenna, Pechlivanis, Sonali, Hwang, Shih-Jen, Wang, Judy, Lu, Lingyi, Nicholson, Christopher J, Shelton, Georgia, Buswell, Mary D, Barnes, Hanna J, Sigurslid, Haakon H, Slocum, Charles, Rourke, Caitlin O’, Rhee, David K, Bagchi, Aranya, Nigwekar, Sagar U, Buys, Emmanuel S, Campbell, Catherine Y, Harris, Tamara, Budoff, Matthew, Criqui, Michael H, Rotter, Jerome I, Johnson, Andrew D, Song, Ci, Franceschini, Nora, Debette, Stephanie, Hoffmann, Udo, Kälsch, Hagen, Nöthen, Markus M, Sigurdsson, Sigurdur, Freedman, Barry I, Bowden, Donald W, Jöckel, Karl-Heinz, Moebus, Susanne, Erbel, Raimund, Feitosa, Mary F, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Thanassoulis, George, Zapol, Warren M, Lindsay, Mark E, Bloch, Donald B, Post, Wendy S, and O’Donnell, Christopher J
Subjects: Biological Sciences, Genetics, Human Genome, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Heart Disease, Cardiovascular, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aged, Animals, Aorta, Atherosclerosis, Cohort Studies, Female, GTPase-Activating Proteins, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Histone Deacetylases, Humans, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Middle Aged, Muscle Contraction, Muscle, Smooth, Vascular, Phenotype, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Repressor Proteins, Vascular Calcification, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology, Agricultural biotechnology, Bioinformatics and computational biology
Abstract: Aortic calcification is an important independent predictor of future cardiovascular events. We performed a genome-wide association meta-analysis to determine SNPs associated with the extent of abdominal aortic calcification (n = 9,417) or descending thoracic aortic calcification (n = 8,422). Two genetic loci, HDAC9 and RAP1GAP, were associated with abdominal aortic calcification at a genome-wide level (P
Published: 2019

48. The Global Epidemiological Transition in Cardiovascular Diseases: Unrecognised Impact of Endemic Infections on Peripheral Artery Disease

Author: Agius, Paul A., Cutts, Julia C., Song, Peige, Rudan, Igor, Rudan, Diana, Aboyans, Victor, McDermott, Mary M., Criqui, Michael H., Fowkes, F. Gerald R., and Fowkes, Freya J. I.
Published: 2022
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49. Variants Associated with the Ankle Brachial Index Differ by Hispanic/Latino Ethnic Group: a genome-wide association study in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Author: Sofer, Tamar, Emery, Leslie, Jain, Deepti, Ellis, Alicia M, Laurie, Cathy C, Allison, Matthew A, Lee, Jiwon, Kurniansyah, Nuzulul, Kerr, Kathleen F, González, Hector M, Tarraf, Wassim, Criqui, Michael H, Lange, Leslie A, Palmas, Walter R, Franceschini, Nora, and Wassel, Christina L
Subjects: Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Dystrophin, Prospective Studies, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Middle Aged, African Americans, European Continental Ancestry Group, Hispanic Americans, United States, Female, Male, Genome-Wide Association Study, Ankle Brachial Index, Young Adult, Genetic Loci, Peripheral Arterial Disease, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Abstract: Lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) burden differs by race/ethnicity. Although familial aggregation and heritability studies suggest a genetic basis, little is known about the genetic susceptibility to PAD, especially in non-European descent populations. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of the ankle brachial index (ABI) and PAD (defined as an ABI 45 years from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). We also performed GWAS for ABI stratified by Hispanic/Latino ethnic subgroups: Central American, Mexican, and South American (Mainland group), and Cuban, Dominican, and Puerto Rican (Caribbean group). We detected two genome-wide significant associations for the ABI in COMMD10 in Puerto Ricans, and at SYBU in the Caribbean group. The lead SNP rs4466200 in the COMMD10 gene had a replication p = 0.02 for the ABI in Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) African Americans, but it did not replicate in African Americans from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). In a regional look-up, a nearby SNP rs12520838 had Bonferroni adjusted p = 0.05 (unadjusted p = 7.5 × 10-5) for PAD in MESA Hispanics. Among three suggestive associations (p
Published: 2019

50. Women's Reproductive History and Pre-Clinical Peripheral Arterial Disease in Late Life: The San Diego Population Study

Author: Cortés, Yamnia I, Parikh, Nisha, Allison, Matthew A, Criqui, Michael H, Suder, Natalie, Barinas-Mitchell, Emma, and Wassel, Christina L
Subjects: Reproductive Medicine, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research, Heart Disease, Aging, Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular, Estrogen, Contraception/Reproduction, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Reproductive health and childbirth, Good Health and Well Being, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Ankle Brachial Index, California, Carotid Intima-Media Thickness, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Femoral Artery, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Menarche, Menopause, Middle Aged, Peripheral Arterial Disease, Plaque, Atherosclerotic, Prospective Studies, Reproductive History, Risk Factors, Sex Characteristics, reproductive health, subclinical atherosclerosis, peripheral arterial disease, risk factors, Women, Peripheral artery disease, Older population, Medical and Health Sciences, Public Health, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract: Objective: Reproductive events have been linked with increased cardiovascular risk in women, but whether they are associated with pre-clinical peripheral arterial disease (PAD) has been understudied. We evaluated associations between reproductive factors and later-life ankle-brachial index (ABI), femoral artery intima-media thickness (fIMT), and femoral plaques. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 707 multiethnic women who participated in a follow-up exam of the San Diego Population Study in 2007-2011. To assess associations between reproductive factors (age at menarche, parity, age at menopause, surgical menopause, hormone therapy) with ABI, and Doppler ultrasound measurements of common and superficial fIMT, linear regression was used; for femoral plaque presence, logistic regression was used. Models were adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, and cardiometabolic factors. We tested interactions of reproductive factors with menopause type (natural vs. surgical). Results: Women were on average 71 years old, and 56% were non-Hispanic White. Reproductive factors were not associated with fIMT, femoral plaque presence, or ABI. There were significant interactions between menopause type (surgical vs. natural) and oral contraceptive use (-β: 0.04, p = 0.03) for ABI, as well as between menopause type and parity (β: 0.11, p = 0.05) and age at menopause (β: 0.001, p = 0.05) for fIMT. Among women with natural menopause, oral contraceptive use was associated with higher ABI (β: 0.03, p = 0.007) and older age at natural menopause was related to greater fIMT (β: 0.009, p = 0.06). Among women with surgical menopause, nulliparity was marginally associated with greater fIMT (β: 0.33, p = 0.07). Conclusions: Reproductive history may not be independently associated with later-life lower extremity atherosclerosis in women. Studies are necessary to confirm findings and examine pregnancy-related exposures in relation to pre-clinical PAD.
Published: 2019

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