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ABSTRACT Six new species of Parmotrema (P. aristidesii, P. hypoflavum, P. marjorieanum, P. marlitonii, P. nelihondae, and P. subcristiferum) and P. cristiferum, all containing salazinic acid, were collected from the Amazon rainforest in Mato Grosso State, Brazil, (Central South America), and are described, illustrated, and commented by using the ultimate version of the GEL (Lichenological Studies Group) descriptive protocol, that has explained its most important recent improvements.

A catarata é uma das principais afecções que causam cegueira nos cães. Devido à opacidade do cristalino, ocorre a dificuldade ou mesmo a não visualização de estruturas presentes na câmara vítrea, degenerações e hemorragias. Com isso, a ultrassonografia ocular torna-se uma ferramenta importante para essa avaliação das estruturas oculares. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho realizar a ultrassonografia ocular em cães de diversas raças, idades e graus de desenvolvimento da catarata com o intuito de avaliar a presença da degeneração vítrea (DV), condições do cristalino, localização da opacidade, posicionamento da retina, suas relações e outras alterações que prejudiquem o pós-cirúrgico ou impeçam a realização da facectomia. Um total de 31 animais participaram do estudo, no qual 57 olhos foram examinados. A raça predominante foi a Poodle, com 45,16% (14/31) dos cães avaliados. A idade variou de 2 a 16 anos, 48,4% (15/31) eram machos e 51,6% (16/31) fêmeas. Quanto à DV, 19,29% (11/57) dos bulbos oculares apresentavam grau zero; o mesmo quantitativo foi encontrado nos graus 1 e 2 com 35,8% (20/57) cada e, no grau 3, 10,52% (6/57). Em 12,56% (7/57) havia hialose e em 3,5% (2/57) descolamento parcial da retina. Após a análise dos dados não foi possível observar uma correlação entre a catarata e a DV, bem como o grau de DV e a idade dos animais.

El macroaneurisma arterial retiniano es una afección poco frecuente en la población y suele observarse en ancianos con diversas comorbilidades metabólicas como diabetes mellitus tipo II e hipertensión arterial, que predisponen a la esclerosis de los vasos retinianos. Puede conducir a la pérdida de visión por edema macular o hemorragia. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 87 años que acudió a consulta oftalmológica por pérdida de visión. La exploración física reveló opacificación del cristalino y astigmatismo miópico simple en ambos ojos, además, las pruebas complementarias mostraron adelgazamiento corneal, exudados bilaterales y hemorragia subretiniana en el ojo derecho. El diagnóstico fue de una retinopatía diabética proliferativa en conjunto con macroaneurisma arterial retiniano y catarata en el ojo derecho. Como tratamiento se decidió administrar anti-factor de crecimiento endotelial vascular (Bevacizumab) durante cinco meses para evitar la deformación macular y después se realizó una cirugía láser de retina en el ojo derecho.

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RESUMO Ao longo da vida, o cristalino produz novas fibras dispostas de forma concêntrica, que aumentam seu diâmetro anteroposterior e peso, tornando seu núcleo mais compacto e endurecido. A catarata hipermadura é uma forma de progressão avançada dessa proliferação de fibras, que pode desencadear uma variedade de complicações. A ruptura espontânea da cápsula anterior do cristalino, evoluindo com deslocamento anterior do núcleo, é uma complicação rara e com poucos casos publicados na literatura. Descrevemos o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 68 anos, que apresentou ruptura espontânea da cápsula anterior do cristalino com deslocamento anterior do núcleo em olho esquerdo sem histórico de trauma ocular. A paciente foi submetida à facoemulsificação do cristalino e ao controle da pressão intraocular, evoluindo com melhora do quadro clínico.

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Oftalmologia is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Oftalmologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction and Objectives: To compare the real time skin dosimeter values at lens between with the lens included in the scan range (orbitomeatal base line [OML]) or without the lens included in the scan range (superior orbitomeatal line [SOML]) at different tube voltages., Materials and Methods: We used three pediatric anthropomorphic phantoms with a 64 detector-row computed tomography (CT) scanner with the OML- or SOML-protocol at different tube voltages during the head CT. A real time skin dosimeter was inserted into the phantom center of the head, and surfaces of the lens. We compared the real time skin dosimeter values at lens between the OML- and SOML-protocol., Results: There were no significant differences in the real time skin dosimeter values for the head in the scan area for each phantom at different tube voltages between the OML- and SOML-protocol (p > 0.05 for all phantom). Compared with the OML protocol, it is possible to reduce the real time skin dosimeter values at lens by approximately 80% by using the SOML protocol (p < 0.05) at all tube voltages. Compared with the OML protocol, it is possible to reduce the real time skin dosimeter values at mammary gland by approximately 20% by using the SOML protocol (p < 0.05) at all tube voltages., Conclusions: During the pediatric head CT examination, SOML protocol was possible to reduce the real time skin dosimeter values at lens by approximately 80% compared with OML protocol at all tube voltages., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U.)

Chlorpromazine is a medication widely used in psychiatry for the treatment of psychoses, especially schizophrenia. Since 1964, published articles have been correlating this medication with the appearance of ocular alterations. In this paper, we report the case of a 65-year-old patient with ocular effects due to long-term therapy with chlorpromazine. Biomicroscopy of both eyes presented diffuse granular brown deposits, most prominent at the deep stroma and corneal endothelium level. Also showed anterior subcapsular brown deposits with a stellate pattern in the lens. The total amount exceeds 2.000g (significant for the ocular alterations described) considering the patient's daily dosage of chlorpromazine of 300mg for ten years. After performing complete ophthalmic evaluation and discarding other causes for the ocular deposits, we diagnosed a secondary corneal deposit and cataract due to the use of chlorpromazine. This case reinforces the importance of periodic follow-up with an ophthalmologist for chlorpromazine users to trace ocular changes, heeding the exposure time and its dosage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Medicas de La Habana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Clear lens extraction is considered in patients older than 50 years with primary angle closure and intraocular pressure greater than or equal to 30 mm Hg or damage due to glaucoma. The results are unknown in eyes with a moderate elevation of intraocular pressure. Objective: To evaluate the influence of preoperative intraocular pressure in the control of the primary angle closure treated with clear lens extraction. Material and Methods: A pre-experimental study was conducted between January 2013 and January 2020. It included a total of 78 eyes of 78 patients with primary angle closure treated with clear lens extraction. They were divided into two groups according to preoperative intraocular pressure. For statistical analysis, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact probability test, and t test were used for independent samples and analysis of variance with repeated measurements; with 95 % statistical significance. Results: There were significant differences in axial length (p=0,003), lens thickness (p

Copyright of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia is the property of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To know the accumulated doses that can be associated to repetitive computed tomography (CT) scans to show the importance of the justification. Method: A single patient underwent several CT studies, 35 head CTs, 4 chest CT, 2 chest CT angiography (CTA), 2 head CTA and 1 sinuses CT, during 5 months. Due to this, an estimation of the dose to the eye lens and brain was performed to show the importance of the justification of the exams. The dose to the eye lens and brain was estimated using CT-Expo v.2.4, a dedicated CT dosimetry software, where all the CT parameters of each of the scans were considered. Results: The cumulative dose to the eye lens and brain attributed to the 44 CT scans was 1860 mGy and 1580 mGy, respectively. There was not always a clear justification of all the performed CT scans. Conclusions: The cumulative dose to the eye lens was more than 3 times the threshold established by the International Commission on Radiological Protection for detectable opacities. Medical doctors should understand and always justify the examinations to avoid any detriment to the patients and avoid high cumulative doses when not justified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We build a simple and inexpensive system that simulates the process of human accommodation. We used a ball lens, made of a male latex condom filled with water, and two diode lasers that can change from collimated to divergent beams, adjusting their rotatory supports. The device is suitable for secondary classes in optics. Students have calculated and measured the focal length of the ball lens (fmeasured /fcalculated = 0.94 ±0.06) and have studied how human vision shifts from the relaxed condition to the condition of visualizing nearby objects, by squeezing the lens (simulating the crystalline work). Other details of human vision accommodation are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: Evaluación dinámica de estructuras anatómicas involucradas en el mecanismo de acomodación por ultrabiomicroscopia (UBM) y ecografía (US) modo A. Material y método: Estudio prospectivo, observacional, descriptivo en una serie de casos en el Hospital Oftalmológico Nuestra Señora de la Luz. Se incluyeron pacientes menores de 40 años, con una refracción

El coloboma de cristalino es una anomalía congénita que se caracteriza por una muesca del ecuador inferior del cristalino con una ausencia correspondiente de las fibras zonulares que causa un defecto en el borde del lente haciéndolo más esférico. Puede aparecer solo o asociado a otras malformaciones oculares como colobomas de iris, coroides o retina. Este defecto congénito puede causar ambliopía especialmente cuando está asociado a una catarata. Se describió el caso de una fémina de 29 años de edad con un coloboma unilateral de cristalino típico, no asociado a otras malformaciones, a la cual se le realizó tratamiento quirúrgico con técnica de facoemulsificación obteniéndose resultados satisfactorios.

Objetivo Comparar a acuidade visual (AV) final dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de catarata com e sem complicações intraoperatórias e possíveis fatores que contribuíram para o resultado ao final do pós-operatório. Métodos Análise dos prontuários de 179 pacientes, retrospectivo, longitudinal, operados de fevereiro a julho de 2013 no Instituto Dr. Suel Abujamra, pela técnica de facoemulsificação (FACO), divididos em dois grupos: com e sem complicações intraoperatórias. Os dados obtidos foram analisados pelos métodos teste-t para duas amostras ou Análise de Variância (ANOVA). Os critérios de exclusão foram pacientes com cirurgia ocular prévia, retinopatia diabética proliferativa ou não proliferativa grave, outras retinopatias, escavação do disco óptico igual ou maior que 0,7x0,7 ou uso de mais de dois hipotensores oculares, olho único, catarata secundária à uveíte, traumática ou congênita. Resultados Dos 179 pacientes, 37 (20,7%) tiveram complicações intraoperatórias e 142 (79,3%) não tiveram complicações intraoperatórias. A média da idade dos pacientes foi de 70,33 anos. O olho direito foi o operado em 49,7% dos casos, e o olho esquerdo em 50,3%. O diabetes mellitus estava presente em 29,05% dos casos, sendo 29,73% de pacientes com complicação e 28,87% sem complicações. Do total, 77,65% atingiram uma AV final 20/40 ou melhor, sendo que nos pacientes com complicação a média para esta AV foi de 59,46% e no grupo sem complicações foi de 82,40%. A principal complicação foi ruptura de cápsula posterior. Conclusão Após toda a análise, verificamos que os fatores que implicaram com significância estatística em menor AV final foram as complicações intraoperatórias e a idade dos pacientes.

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Introducción: Correlacionar el grado de la opacidad cristaliniana según el sistema Lens Opacities Classification System (LOCS III) y la densitometría por sistema de imágenes de Scheimpflug, y los beneficios de la densitometría como método eficaz en la optimización de la cirugía de catarata por facoemulsificación. Método: Se estudiaron 266 ojos con diferentes grados de dureza del cristalino que tenían criterio de cirugía. Se clasificaron por el mismo observador según el sistema de LOCS III, luego se les realizó densidad del cristalino según sistema de imágenes de Scheimpflug, y se tomaron los datos de poder de ultrasonido (PU), tiempo de ultrasonido (TU), tiempo de facoemulsificación efectiva (TFE), y conteo celular endotelial preoperatorio y posoperatorio a los 30 días de la cirugía. Calculándose el porcentaje de pérdida celular endotelial (PPCE). Se calcularon valores de media y desviaciones estándar, y correlación de Pearson, utilizando el paquete estadístico SPSS® versión 19. Resultados: La correlación del sistema LOCS III para opalescencia nuclear (NO) y color nuclear (NC) con la densitometría medida por sistema de imágenes de Scheimpflug fue positiva y alta, sin hallar diferencias significativas para NO y NC. Al correlacionar los parámetros facodinámicos con la densidad cristaliniana la correlación resultó lineal alta entre los mismos, al igual que la correlación entre densitometría y, PPCE y TEF con PPCE. Conclusiones: La medición de la densidad del cristalino a través del sistema de imágenes de Scheimpflug ha demostrado ser superior al sistema de clasificación LOCS III, demostrándose las ventajas de este método en la planificación preoperatoria de los parámetros facodinámicos en la cirugía de cataratas por facoemulsificación, permitiendo además la personalización de esta cirugía.

OBJETIVO:Correlacionar os níveis de straylight, de scattering, de opacidade do cristalino (LOCS III) e das aberrações ópticas intraoculares em pacientes com catarata nuclear. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional, prospectivo envolvendo 30 olhos de 30 pacientes com diagnóstico de catarata nuclear. A avaliação do straylight (espalhamento de luz) através do Log(s) foi realizada pelo C-Quant (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). A densitometria do cristalino (scattering) através do PNS (Pentacam Nucleus Staging) foi realizada pela tomografia de córnea e segmento anterior (Pentacam® - Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) e a análise do tipo e graduação da opacidade do cristalino foi feito pelo Lens Opacities Classification System (LOCS III). O Ray tracing (iTrace, Vista, Tracy Technologies) foi utilizado para avaliação da aberrometria total e intraocular onde foi calculado com a integração da Topografia de Plácido. Os critérios de exclusão foram: doença corneana, doenças da retina e/ou nervo óptico e cirurgia ocular prévia. O Teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov foi utilizado para avaliar a distribuição normal e o Teste de Spearman (não paramétrico) utilizado para as correlações entre as variáveis Log(s) x PNS; Log(s) x LOCS III; LOCS III x PNS; RMS IO x PNS; RMS IO x LOCS III e RMS IO x Log(s). Foi considerado como estatisticamente significante p≤ 0,05%. RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 72,3 anos (±8,9). As médias do PNS, do LOCS III, do Log(s) e da RMS IO, foram 2,7 (±1,14), 3,7 (±1,15), 1,49 (±0,38) e 1,23 (±0,5), respectivamente. As correlações de Spearman e o seu coeficiente de correlação (rho) foram p=0,270 (rho 0,20) entre Log(s) x PNS, um p=0,717 (rho 0,06) entre Log(s) x LOCS III, um p=0 (rho 0,76) entre LOCS III x PNS, um p=0,41 (rho -0,15) entre RMS IO x PNS, um p=0,39 (rho -0,15) entre RMS IO x LOCS III e um p=0,83 (rho 0.03) entre RMS IO x Log(s). CONCLUSÃO:A perda da qualidade de visão não se restringe somente aos resultados da acuidade visual, logo novos métodos objetivos e qualitativos do desempenho visual têm sido introduzidos. Os estudos do espalhamento de luz na retina, da sensibilidade ao contraste e da análise da óptica intraocular através da aberrometria são novos parâmetros funcionais que associados a métodos objetivos de diagnóstico como o PNS vão nos permitir o entendimento e o conhecimento da qualidade de visão destes pacientes e o seu prognóstico visual.

Se presenta un caso clínico asistido de urgencia en el Hospital Universitario Clínico Quirúrgico Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández, de la ciudad de Matanzas, en el año 2012, con un cuerpo extraño intraocular a nivel del cristalino en una paciente del sexo femenino, de 43 años de edad, ama de casa, con antecedente de trauma ocular en su hogar. En el examen físico presentaba déficit visual de 0,3 con herida corneal, que afectaba, además, limbo corneo escleral y cristalino con cuerpo extraño incluido. En examen ecográfico se observó imagen ecogénica compatible con cuerpo extraño a nivel del cristalino. Se suturó córnea y se extrajo cuerpo extraño con evolución satisfactoria; no presentando secuelas.We present a clinical case attended at the emergency unit of the University Clinic-Surgical Hospital Comandante Faustino Perez, of Matanzas, in 2012, with a foreign intraocular body at the level of the crystalline lens in a female patient aged 43 years old, housewife, with antecedents of an ocular trauma at home. At the physical examination she had a visual deficit of 0,3, and a corneal injury affecting also the cornea-scleral limbus and the crystalline with an included foreign body. At the echographic examination we found an echogenic image compatible with a foreign body at the level of the crystalline. The cornea was sutured and the foreign body was extracted with a satisfactory evolution; there were not sequels.

Los traumatismos oculares pueden provocar opacidad secundaria del cristalino, así como la pérdida de su posición anatómica o la de la lente intraocular. Estas son afecciones frecuentes con devastadoras consecuencias si no son atendidas correctamente. Con el desarrollo de las nuevas técnicas quirúrgicas, los resultados anatómicos y visuales de estos pacientes operados son cada día más sorprendentes; pero es mandatorio examinar exhaustivamente al paciente, el abordaje en el momento idóneo y la elección de la técnica quirúrgica adecuada.Ocular injuries can develop secondary opacity of the crystalline lens as well as the loss of its anatomical position or intraocular lens dislocation. These disorders can frequently lead to devastating consequences if not properly assisted. Recent surgical techniques have dramatically changed the visual prognosis of these patients, achieving amazing anatomical and functional success. However, thorough examination of the patient and the selection of the right surgical time and surgery technique are the keys to attaining good final visual results.

This is a case report of a 45-year-old anisometropic woman with stage 2 keratoconus submitted to refractive lens exchange employing SN60T5 AcrySof Toric intraocluar lens on her left eye. Phacoemulsification followed by proper lens implantation was accomplished successfully. On postoperative period, favorable refractive and visual outcomes were obtained. The use of toric intraocular lenses may be an option in the refractive treatment of stage 2 keratoconus in selected cases.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o perfil demográfico dos pacientes atendidos na Campanha da Catarata e correlacionar as características do sistema de referenciamento com o desfecho cirúrgico. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, observacional, realizado com pacientes atendidos no ambulatório de Oftalmologia do Hospital Santa Clara do Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Porto Alegre referenciados à consulta via Campanha de Catarata entre fevereiro e abril de 2008. Foi utilizado questionário de avaliação dos pacientes atendidos e realizado exame oftalmológico de biomicroscopia e fundoscopia. RESULTADOS: Dos 234 pacientes com questionários completos, a média de espera pela consulta no sistema terciário foi de 2,5 meses, variando de 1 a 24 meses. Do total de pacientes incluídos no estudo, 152 (65%) foram operados. CONCLUSÃO: Através da análise do atendimento dos pacientes referenciados pôde-se perceber, pelo tempo de espera para a consulta no sistema terciário e pelo percentual de pacientes operados, a eficiência e agilidade proporcionada por esse tipo de campanha de saúde pública.OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the demographic profile of patients assisted on Cataract Campaign and correlate the characteristics of the reference system incoming patients with surgery results. METHODS: Prospective study, observational, performed with outpatients assisted on the Ophthalmology Ambulatory of Santa Clara's Hospital (Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Porto Alegre) in Cataract Campaign between february and april 2008. It was utilized a questionnaire to evaluate assisted patients and performed the ophthalmological exam by biomicroscopy and fundoscopy. RESULTS: From 234 patients with complete questionnaire, the average waiting time for the consult in the tertiary system was 2,5 months, varying from 1 to 24 months. From the total of patients included in the study, 152 (65%) were operated. CONCLUSION: Through the analyses of the attending patients who were referred we can realize by the time of waiting for the consult in the tertiary system and by the percentage of patients operated the efficiency and agility provided by this public health campaign.

O objetivo deste artigo foi reunir estudos de resultados e segurança da técnica de troca do cristalino com finalidade refrativa (TCR) disponíveis na literatura científica, considerando suas vantagens, desvantagens e riscos, analisando separadamente a sua indicação em cada tipo de ametropia.The purpose of this article is to review the data on the scientific literature on refractive lens exchange considering the advantages, disadvantages and the risks involved on this procedure, taking under consideration each type of ametropia.

O relato mostra um caso de corpo estranho intracristaliniano de material metálico, em um paciente metalúrgico, com diagnóstico tardio, descrevendo a importância do exame clínico, a técnica cirúrgica empregada para a retirada do cristalino e a necessidade de divulgar e promover medidas preventivas nos ambientes ocupacionais e domésticos.The authors present a case of intralenticular metallic foreign body, in a metallurgist patient, with lateness diagnosis. They describe the importance of clinical exame, the surgical technical that was used to remove the foreign body of the crystalline and necessity to divulge and promote preventive ways at the occupational and domestical ambients.

El cristalino es un componente fundamental del órgano de la visión, y una de sus enfermedades, la catarata, es la primera causa de ceguera en el mundo. Actualmente contamos con técnicas quirúrgicas seguras y efectivas para solucionar esta patología. Es fundamental que el profesional de atención primaria provea la información adecuada al paciente, para que lo guíe en su búsqueda de la solución de su catarata. En este artículo revisamos libros de texto reconocidos y empleando Medline, algunos artículos representativos sobre este tema. Mostramos un panorama general del estado actual, clínico e investigativo, de la cirugía de catarata

Purpose: To study the biometric modifications of the eyeball during suction in Laser assisted in Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK)., Methods: Observational and cross-sectional study. We studied 43 patients who underwent surgery for myopia and myopic astigmatism. Mean age was 38.3 ± 11.5 years, and 19 were female (44.2%). Conventional LASIK surgery with a manual microkeratome was performed. Before and during the suction maneuvre the following parameters were measured using an 11 Mhz biometric probe: aqueous depth (AQD), lens thickness (LT), vitreous cavity length (VCL) and axial length (AXL). Paired t-test was used to compare the biometric measurements before and during suction., Results: The mean spherical equivalent refractive error was -4.5 ± 2.3 diopters. During suction, the AQD did not change significantly (p = 0.231). However, AXL and VCL increased by 0.12 mm and 0.22 mm respectively (p = 0.039 and <0.01) and LT decreased by 0.20 mm (p < 0.01). AXL increased in 42% of the eyes and decreased in 16%, VCL increased in 70% of the eyes and decreased in 9%, and the LT was reduced in 67% of the eyes., Conclusions: Suction maneuvres during LASIK surgery produce changes of little magnitude in the eye globe, mainly a decrease in LT and an increase in VCL and AXL. Therefore, these modifications are expected to produce minimal anatomic alterations., (Copyright © 2023 Sociedad Española de Oftalmología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

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Desde épocas remotas, la aparición de cataratas, fue causa frecuente, de la pérdida de visión. Y aunque el ojo, es un órgano delicado, las cataratas fueron abordadas con procedimientos quirúrgicos desde la antigüedad. Se destacaron investigadores que contribuyeron al conocimiento y progreso de la especialidad, así como al correcto tratamiento de las cataratas. El trabajo con una mirada retrospectiva, recuerda algunos famosos profesionales en el campo de la oftalmología y a tres ilustres enfermos: Bach; Haendel y San Martín.

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Copyright of Journal of Optometry is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Spontaneous rupture of the anterior lens capsule, evolving with anterior dislocation of the lens nucleus is a rare complication of hypermature cataract. We report a case of a female patient, 79 years old, who presented with spontaneous rupture of the anterior lens capsule with anterior dislocation of the nucleus in the right eye with no history of ocular trauma. The diagnosis was confirmed by the visualization of the tabs of the anterior capsule, especially when the nucleus was removed. We perform phacoemulsification of the nucleus by the risk of decompensating the cornea. It is important to highlight the rarity of the case, the first being reported in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This publication represents a summary of the results of the doctoral thesis Reconstruction of the Gradient Refractive Index of the Crystalline Lens presented in Universidad de Valladolid, Spain, on July, 2012. The optical properties of the crystalline lens of the eye depend on the shape of the external surfaces and on its refractive index. In humans and many other species, the refractive index of the lens is not homogeneous and there is a gradient refractive index (GRIN) that peaks around the center of the lens. To study the influence of the GRIN in the optics of the lens, a method to reconstruct the GRIN in in vitro lenses was proposed in this PhD thesis. The method was used to measure the GRIN of lenses of animal models and humans and study its changes with age or its influence on the optical properties of the lens. Also, the effect of the GRIN in the visualization of the posterior surface of the lens in Optical Coherence Tomography images was quantified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Cellulose acetate electrophoresis of eye-lens proteins and Polyacrylamide flat gel electrophoresis of skeletic muscle proteins of six species of marine catfishes were carried out. Genetic polymorphism only occured at one locus of the electropherograms of eye-lens of Cathorops spixii. Ontogenetic variations in the relative concentration of bands were found in the electropherograms of eye-lens and skeletic muscle proteins. The six species of catfishes can be identified by means of quantitative and qualitative differences in the electropherograms. Coefficients of similarity were determined by the band-counting method and UPGMA dendrograms were constructed to illustrate the interspecific relationships among the species.Eletroforeses de proteínas gerais de cristalinos e de músculo esquelético de seis espécies de bagres marinhos foram realizadas, respectivamente, em membranas de acetato de celulose e em géis de poliacrilamida. Polimorfismo genético ocorreu apenas em um locus de eletroferogramas do cristalino de Cathorops spixii. Variações ontogenéticas nas concentrações relativas das bandas foram observadas nos eletroferogramas do cristalino e do músculo esquelético. As seis espécies de bagres marinhos podem ser identificadas através das diferenças quantitativas e qualitativas nos eletroferogramas. Coeficientes de similaridade foram determinadas pelo método de contagem de bandas e dendrogramas UPGMA foram construídos para ilustrar as relações interespecíficas entre as espécies.

Gold catalysts supported on ZrO2 and ZrO2-SiO2 were prepared by incipient impregnation and deposition-precipitation with urea (DPU) with 1% of nominal gold loading. The solids were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), N2-physisorption and temperature programmed reduction (TPR). Catalytic activities were investigated in cinnamaldehyde hydrogenation. The selectivity towards the desired product was influenced by the crystalline or amorphous phase support and method of gold deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Optometry is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia is the property of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Os principais processos que determinam a composição química das águas superficiais e subterrâneas da Bacia da Gameleira, no município de Aiuaba/CE foram estudados. A área é preservada pelo IBAMA e faz parte do projeto IBESA (Implantação de Bacias Experimentais no Semi-Árido). Análises hidroquímicas de três açudes e de três cacimbas coletadas durante o período de fevereiro de 2003 a maio de 2004 mostram que: (i) as águas dos açudes são menos mineralizadas, com STD até 274,3 mg/L e as das cacimbas, mais mineralizadas com STD até 794 mg/L; (ii) o risco de sódio é baixo em todas as amostras; (iii) predominam águas bicarbonatadas mistas; águas cloretadas magnesianas foram encontradas em uma cacimba; (iv) o excesso de Cl- em relação ao Na+ na cacimba C2 está associado ao magnésio (v) Os diagramas de Gibbs indicam que as águas têm domínio de interação com as rochas na maioria das amostras.

Crystalline lens is a basic component of the vision organ and one of its diseases, the cataract, is the first cause of blindness in the world. Currently there are safe and effective surgical techniques to solve this pathological condition. It is fundamental that primary care physician provides adequate information to the patients, so that he/she can guide them in the search of the solution to cataract. In this article we reviewed recognized textbooks and using Medline we found some representative articles on this subject. We provide an overview of the current clinical and research status of cataract surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]