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This paper presents the evolution of the surfaces arranged with works to combat excess humidity, over a 24 years' period, namely, from 1997 until 2021. The surface area of dissication and drainage works was 358,000 ha in 1944, and this increased progressively to 3,224,600 ha in 1989. In 2007, the total area of land used for the removal of moisture excess was 3198803 ha, and during the years under study, it decreased by approximately 46000 ha over 10 years and by approximately 50,000 ha over 24 years, from which it can be concluded that the largest decrease was recorded over the period from 1997 to 2007. Drainage and desiccation studies are necessary in the perspective of implementing sustainable agriculture in relation to both the need to conserve water and soil resources and the challenges of climate change.

Background and Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the incidence of lower extremity amputations (LEAs) in a representative population from Romania, in both diabetic and non-diabetic adults, including trauma-related amputations. The secondary objective was to evaluate the trends in LEAs and the overall ratio of major-to-minor amputations. Material and Methods: The study was retrospective and included data from the Romanian National Hospital Discharge Records, conducted between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2019. Results: The overall number of cases with LEAs was 88,102, out of which 38,590 were aterosclerosis-related LEAs, 40,499 were diabetes-related LEAs, and 9013 were trauma-related LEAs, with an ascending trend observed annually for each of these categories. Of the total non-traumatic amputations, 51.2% were in patients with diabetes. Most LEAs were in men. The total incidence increased from 80.61/100,000 in 2015 to 98.15/100,000 in 2019. Conclusions: Our study reported a 21% increase in total LEAs, 22.01% in non-traumatic LEAs, and 19.65% in trauma-related amputation. The minor-to-major amputation ratio increased over the study period in patients with diabetes. According to these findings, it is estimated that currently, in Romania, there is one diabetes-related amputation every hour and one non-traumatic amputation every 30 min.

Ensuring safe food for a growing population is a challenge for agriculture. The current systems of intensive agriculture are based on important allocations of factors of production per unit area, like chemical fertilizers and pesticides, allocated in order to stimulate production. In doing so, food security is ensured, by obtaining high yields per hectare, but chemical residues may remain in food and human health is jeopardised. The aim of this research is to identify the role of digitalization in agriculture in balancing the binomial food security-organic farming, starting from the premise that smart agriculture has a significantly lower negative impact on the environment and human health compared to the conventional agricultural system. The relevance of research lies in raising awareness of the importance of smart agriculture in providing agricultural products obtained in accordance with the principles of sustainable development and moreover integrating it into policies and actions at all levels: individual, local, national and global.

We aimed to investigate immunohistochemical expression of the p53 tumor suppressor protein, and the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) apoptotic protein in colorectal adenocarcinoma patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Tissue sections from 95 paraffin-embedded colorectal adenocarcinomas, originating from 52 T2DM and 43 non-diabetic patients, were immunostained for p53 [Ventana mouse monoclonal primary antibody (mAb) in vitro diagnostic (IVD) anti-p53, clone Bp53-11] and Bcl-2 (Ventana mAb IVD anti-Bcl-2, clone Bcl-2/124). Immunohistochemistry analysis did not find statistically significant differences between the two groups, but analysis on subgroups of patients in terms of presence or absence of obesity identified overexpression of p53 (70% of cells) in the T2DM obese patients compared to non-diabetics. Overexpression of p53 was present in 80% of tumor cells coming from T2DM obese patients compared to 37.2% of tumor cells coming from non-diabetics obese and non-obese, and in 36.6% of tumor cells coming from non-diabetic non-obese patients (p=0.024). There was a single non-diabetic obese patient with p53 overexpression. Most cancer cells of T2DM obese patients presented more frequently p53 overexpression by comparison with cancer cells of the T2DM non-obese patients (80% vs 40.5%, p=0.028). Bcl-2/p53 co-expression was an infrequent event in T2DM patients' group. The results of this study suggest that patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma that associate T2DM and obesity exhibit higher p53 protein expression in malignant cells. In conclusion, our research highlights that obesity is a potential key factor in the relationship between T2DM and colorectal cancer.

© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.Thanks to its ecological and geographical location, Turkey is the homeland of many fruit species and allows many fruit species to be grown. Hawthorn, which is understood to be important in human health and nutrition, is one of these fruit types. This study was carried out to identify morphological, biochemical, and molecular genetic variations of 22 hawthorn genotypes belonging to three different species collected from Kayseri province. The fruit (fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, stone weight and soluble solid content) and leaf (leaf length, leaf width, petiole thickness) characteristics of the genotypes showed differences. Among the biochemical properties of the genotypes, the antioxidant activity, as % inhibition, ranged from 23.13 to 61.59%, the total flavonoid content ranged from 14.63 to 57.22 mg QE/100 g, and the total phenolic content ranged from 277.28 to 310.80 mg GAE/100 g. In the principal component analysis, species generally formed similar clusters. In molecular marker analysis, 101 bands were obtained from 13 ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) primers. 76 of the bands were polymorphic and the polymorphism rate was calculated as 75.24%. The similarity index in the UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean of Cluster analysis) dendogram because of the molecular analysis ranged between 0.71 and 0.88. In the dendrogram, genotypes did not show a dense clustering by species. The results obtained may benefit researchers in the determination and protection of genetic resources in breeding studies on hawthorn species.

Identification of areas susceptible to flash floods is essential to establish measures that will help the population in case of a hazard. Therefore, the purpose of the present article is to identify the areas that present a high susceptibility to flash-floods in the Vărbilău catchment. The area, located in the Prahova region, was chosen due to the complexity of the hydrological phenomena. To determine the susceptibility to flash floods, the Flash Flood Susceptibility Index (FFSI) was calculated by integrating ten factors that play an essential role in the flash floods formation. Areas located downstream and in the middle of Vărbilău basin present a low risk, while locations in the northwest (upstream of Luţu Roşu and Scurteşti) present a high risk to flash-floods due to steep slope, narrow valleys, solid rocks, and land use.

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the evolution of Fibromax® parameters (fibrosis, inflammation, steatosis, steatohepatitis) in patients with chronic HCV hepatitis at one year after sustained virologic response (SVR) achieved by direct acting antiviral agents (DAA). Methods: This is a retrospective observational trial including 73 patients with chronic HCV hepatitis, who obtained sustained virologic response under ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir and dasabuvir, ledipasvir/sofosbuvir or sofosbuvir/velpatasvir. All the patients were evaluated by Fibromax before the initiation of therapy and at 12 months after SVR. Results and Conclusion: The study included 42 women (57.53%) and 31 men (42.46%), without significant difference in mean age or BMI. We found a higher prevalence of patients with minimal or moderate fibrosis (F1, F2), compared to patients with advanced fibrosis (F3) (63.01% versus 10.95%). At one year follow-up, we found an increased number of patients in the lower levels of fibrosis, inflammation and NASH, with a relatively constant distribution of patients regarding steatosis. Necro-inflammatory activity was significantly diminished, with 58 patients in the no to minimal activity, compared to 37 patients before antiviral therapy. More patients presented N0 and N1 degree of NASH at follow-up than before therapy (63 patients versus 42 patients, p= 0.02). The mean values of Fibrotest (p= 0.03), ActiTest (p

“BEYOND FREEDOM AND DIGNITY”? HOMO RELIGIOSUS IN MIRCEA ELIADE: CONCEPT, CONTENT, CONTEXT (PART 1. WHAT IS MAN?)&nbsp

For more than a quarter of a century, China has experienced a significant economic growth. Yet, this rapid growth has brought on many economic, social and environmental challenges, which might negatively influence the future development of the country. The objective of this paper is to analyse the Chinese economic evolution in order to determine if its growth model is sustainable over time. The research methods consisted in an investigation of the specialized literature, which helped us formulate four research hypotheses, and in a statistical analysis of secondary data, which allowed us develop four models, in order to test the hypotheses. The conclusions show that, to sustain the growth rate, China needs to increase its human capital stock, to keep the pace of attracting the foreign investments, to reduce the size of the government, to diminish the public consumption and to invest in the renewable energy, for increasing the energy efficiency.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are essential soil microorganisms for terrestrial ecosystems and form beneficial symbioses with the root systems of most agricultural plants. The purpose of this paper was to examine the effect of the community of six AMF on the growth, physiological response, and flowering performance in organic potted lavender culture. The mixture of AMF containing Rhizophagus irregularis, Claroideoglomus claroideum, Funneliformis mosseae, Funneliformis geosporum, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, and Glomus microaggregatum was added in a pot with peat, volcanic rock, and coconut bark. We analyzed the fresh shoot biomass, root biomass, total plant biomass, leaf area, flowering performance, photosynthesis rate, and photosynthetic pigment content. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was performed to get a better understanding of the relationships between the studied variables. The total plant biomass was more pronounced in plants with AMF-S20g (212.01 g plant−1) and AMF-S30g (220.25 g plant−1) than with AMF-S10g (201.96 g plant−1) or in untreated plants (180.87 g plant−1). A statistically significant increase for Chl a, Chl b, and Car was found for AMF-S20g and AMF-S30. Our findings suggest that the AMF mixture application in a growing substrate with peat, coconut bark, and volcanic rock improved plant growth, physiological processes, and ornamental value in mycorrhizal lavender plants. This environmentally friendly agricultural practice could be used for the sustainable production of lavender.

The specialized literature offers relevant support for the idea that the entrepreneurship and the private initiative represent the foundation of the economic growth. Despite this evidence, there are a lot of debates regarding the influence of the different religious orientations on the intention to become an entrepreneur. The purpose of the present paper is to analyze the impact that religion has on the entrepreneurial intentions of the Romanian students. To achieve this objective, the research methods consisted in an extensive investigation of the specialized literature and in empirical research, conducted on a sample of 682 Romanian students. Our results underline that the young Orthodox individuals are more optimistic regarding their future ability to develop businesses than the Roman-Catholics. Yet, this optimism has not been proven by the assessment of their personality traits, which may be very important for the business success.

Common Agricultural Policy represents the main instrument of the European Union for the development of agriculture and rural areas. European funds are vital for the productivity and competitiveness of agricultural holdings, as well as for the transfer of agricultural knowledge and innovation. Supporting small and young farms is essential for the vitality of rural areas and for the renewal of generations of farmers. The aim of this work is to transfer agricultural knowledge in order to improve the productivity of agricultural holdings, especially among young farmers and small farms. We implemented training program through European funds related to Measure 1. “Actions for knowledge transfer and information actions” from Rural Development Programme of Romania. The characteristic of 100 participants and their responses were analyzed. Most of the participants were young people up to 40 years old (59%). The vast majority of the participants were from the rural area and only 17% were from the urban area. 53% from participants were strongly agree with the fact that level of knowlegde influence farm productivity. Actions for knowledge transfer improve the adaptation of farmers to the new challenges of agriculture, as well as productivity.

The purpose of our study is to identify the nature of the link between government spending and economic growth, in order to test the two theories of Wagner and Keynes, in the case of Romania. On the one hand, Keynes argues that public spending is an important tool to stimulate growth. On the other hand, Wagner says that increased public spending is a result of economic growth. We analyzed the long-term dynamics of the two time series through Johansen’s cointegration approach and, in the short term, with the help of Granger’s causality test. The obtained results do not indicate the existence of long-term cointegration vectors, but they support the double causality relation in the short term. Therefore, not only does GDP represent a Granger cause for government spending but also vice versa. Our results validate the liberal criticism of the state’s involvement in supporting economies. As the critics of the monetarist school said, the effect of multiplying government spending on national income is short-term. The long-term effect appears under the action of inflationary macroeconomic bottlenecks.

In the treatment of tibial plateau fracture, the successful incorporation of the grafted biomaterials requires the ability of materials to promote new bone formation and provide a scaffold for osteogenesis. Due to osteogenic, osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties, the autogenous bone is still frequently used in the treatment of tibial plateau fractures. Allografts materials present similar clinical and radiological results with autogenous bone, but its use is limited by infection risk, requirement of a bone bank and high costs. Calcium phosphate cements have been proved with excellent results on medium and long term in the bone augmentation for patients with tibial plateau fractures. Hydroxiapatite tricalcium phosphate ceramics are extensively used in the treatment of tibial plateau fractures due to bioactivity and the tissue/surface bonding bioabsorbable ability that allow them to support a progressive degradation associated with bone healing and regeneration. Also, they can be used as a vehicle for osteoinductive substances, to accelerate the rate of new bone formation.

Checkpoint inhibitors were a major breakthrough in the field of oncology. In September 2014, based on the KEYNOTE-001 study, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved pembrolizumab, a programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor, for advanced or unresectable melanoma. Up until now, seven PD-1/PD-ligand(L)-1 inhibitors are approved in various solid cancers and hundreds of clinical studies are currently ongoing. In hematology, PD-1 inhibitors nivolumab and pembrolizumab were approved for the treatment of relapsed/refractory (R/R) classic Hodgkin lymphoma, and later pembrolizumab was approved for R/R primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the combination of hypomethylating agents and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors has shown promising results, worth of further investigation, while other combinations or single agent therapy have disappointing results. On the other hand, rather than in first line, these therapies could be useful in the consolidation or maintenance setting, for achieving minimal residual disease negativity. Furthermore, an interesting application could be the use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the post allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation relapse. There are several reasons why checkpoint inhibitors are not very effective in treating AML, including the characteristics of the disease (systemic, rapidly progressive, and high tumor burden disease), low mutational burden, and dysregulation of the immune system. We here review the results of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition in AML and discuss their potential future in the management of this disease.

During a long period of marketing practice, we have decided to write this article, especially seeing the problems of entrepreneurial beginnings from Romania, and from other countries from EU. In this article are highlighted the entrepreneurial mistakes encountered during my entrepreneurial activity, but also due to a long activity in the marketing theory, that it should be thought, adapted at all entrepreneurial levels. Even if it seems difficult to understand by some investors in various fields of activity, however, entrepreneurial marketing is very complex, and requires very good knowledge in the applicability of marketing combined with other fields of economics. Thus, Romanian entrepreneurs have a relatively good thinking, but in general they only consider the short-term strategy, and from here in the same terms all other components of economic disciplines. Hence a whole series of problems that arise in the development of an enterprise, especially in the second stage, when, after entering the market and the enterprise must develop on the market. Through this article I highlight the wrong decisions from a strategic point of view, with concrete examples, which are very common in Romania, but also in other countries, in entrepreneurial practice, mistakes that are widespread. I could say that, in my practice as an entrepreneur and as a theorist, in the last years I started to give more pro bono consultancy to entrepreneurs and their startups rather than to “negotiate” something with them, at least at a first discussion to help them develop their businesses. So, through quantitative research I aim to achieve as objectives the information of entrepreneurial specialists, but also of specialists in marketing theory, about the current mistakes in the application of marketing, especially where there are mistakes of economic calculations that can be very difficult be correct later.

Macrophages are terminally differentiated innate immune cells. Through their activation, they can be polarized towards the pro-inflammatory M1 type or the wound healing-associated, anti-inflammatory M2 type macrophages. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), M2 is the dominant phenotype and these cells are referred to as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs secrete cytokines and chemokines, exerting an antiapoptotic, proliferative and pro-metastatic effect on the tumor cells. TAMs can be found in many cancers, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), where they are called nurse-like cells (NLCs). Despite the generally indolent behavior of CLL, the proportion of treatment-refractory patients is significant. As with the majority of cancers, despite significant recent progress, CLL pathogenesis is poorly understood. The emerging role of the TME in nurturing the neoplastic process warrants the investigation of macrophages as a significant pathogenetic element of tumors. In this paper, we review the current knowledge on the role of stromal macrophages in CLL.

Locally advanced larynx cancer benefits from curative surgery therapy. Clinical trials have been proposed for assessing the quality of life for patients with larynx malignant neoplasia who underwent radical surgery. The removal of the “voice box” is known to have great impact on the social reintegration of these patients as well as psychological distress. The presence of tracheostomy and voice impairment are two of the major issues that need to be thought of by patients that will have a total laryngectomy. The quality of life is a multi-dimensional subjective and personal concept which includes normal physical activity, looks, psychological status, somatic symptoms and, non the less, sexual activity. Cancer free survival intervals for patients with larynx cancer must be evaluated physical and psychological modifications with particular considerations to stress, anxiety and depression related symptoms and to functional rehabilitation adaptation regarding swallowing and speech. Oncology surgeons must consider that QoL is impaired in all patients with larynx cancer that benefit from total laryngectomy. However, there is evidence presented below that the difference in QoL parameters is small when comparing radical surgery, total laryngectomy, and larynx conservation by radio and chemotherapy.

Environmentally friendly grape growing is an important objective of modern viticulture. The aim of the study was to examine the response of two grapevine Vitis vinifera L. cultivars to humic acids (HA) foliar application as biostimulant in order to provide sustainable viticultural practices for farmers. The experiment was carried out under field conditions and repeated in two consecutive years. In order to evaluate the effect of humic acids application, the grapevines were treated with three concentrations: 30 ml.L-1 (HAT1), 40 ml∙L-1 (HAT2) and 50 ml∙L-1 (HAT3). The grapevines were represented by two grape varieties: cv. Feteasca Regala (cv. FR) and cv. Riesling Italian (cv. RI). Foliar sprays with humic acid derived from vermicompost at a concentration of 50 ml∙L-1 induced a significant increase in the total leaf area, yield and total soluble solids. For several measurements performed in plants we found no significant difference between grapevines treated with HAT2 and those with HAT3. The experimental results in the present study confirm that foliar application with humic acid may improve growth, yield, and berry quality attributes of grapevine.

The current financial crisis and the lack of resources made imperative the analysis of the efficiency for managing public money, both at the central and at the local level. The general objective of the research is constituted by the estimate of the technical efficiency of all counties in Romania, as well as the analysis of its implications in local development. The originality and novelty of the study are supported by the research of a subject that has in the center the efficiency of the public authorities, current research direction for the public sector, in view of achieving a complex study. In order to reach the objective proposed, we will perform calculations on the basis of the Data Envelopment Analysis mathematical model and of the Tobit non-linear econometric model. At the same time, we reach the conclusion that in Romania, as in other states, there is a causality link between the efficiency of the local authorities and the level of corruption.

Grapevine is a perennial crop whose growth and productivity can be affected by many pedoclimatic and agrotechnological factors. Currently, land terracing is a common field organization for new vineyard plantations, reducing slope on the cultivated land, and for the introduction of new areas for agricultural production. One of these pedoclimatic factors is the position of vines on vineyard slope. The aim of this paper was to assess the effect of the grapevine position on the field slope on growth expressed by pruning weight and on cold hardiness of bud and cane grapevine. The research used relatively simple methods and it was conducted in a commercial hillside vineyard from Samburesti viticultural region in Romania. The grapevines used for this study were represented by three red grape varieties: Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon, Vitis vinifera L. cv. Merlot, and Vitis vinifera L. cv. Feteasca Neagra. Annual growth of grapevine and cane maturation in the previous growing season was influenced by slope positions. The lowest pruning weight was recorder in Merlot planted at the top of the vineyard slope. For all grapevine cultivars we found statistically significant differences between vines cultivated on the top of slope and vines cultivated on the foot of slope.

Regeneration in adult skeletal muscle relies on the activation, proliferation, and fusion of myogenic precursor cells (MPC), mostly resident satellite cells (SC). However, the regulatory mechanism during this process is still under evaluation, with the final aim to manipulate regeneration when the intrinsic mechanism is corrupted. Furthermore, intercellular connections during skeletal muscle regeneration have not been previously thoroughly documented. Our hypothesis was that a direct and close cellular interaction between SC/MPC and invading myeloid cells is a key step to control regeneration. We tested this hypothesis during different steps of skeletal muscle regeneration: (a) the recruitment of activated SC; (b) the differentiation of MPC; (c) myotubes growth, in a mouse model of crush injury. Samples harvested (3 and 5 days) post-injury were screened by light and confocal microscopy. Ultrastructural analysis was performed by conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) followed by 3D modeling of electron tomography (ET) data. This revealed a new type of interaction between macrophages and myogenic cells by direct heterocellular surface apposition over large areas and long linear distances. In the analyzed volume, regions spaced below 20 nm, within molecular range, represented 31% of the macrophage membrane surface and more than 27% of the myotube membrane. The constant interaction throughout all stages of myogenesis suggests a potential new type of regulatory mechanism for the myogenic process. Thus, deciphering structural and molecular mechanisms of SC-macrophage interaction following injury might open promising perspectives for improving muscle healing.

International audience; The co-inhibitory receptor programmed cell death (PD)-1, expressed by immune effector cells, is credited with a protective role for normal tissue during immune responses, by limiting the extent of effector activation. Its presently known ligands, programmed death ligands (PD-Ls) 1 and 2, are expressed by a variety of cells including cancer cells, suggesting a role for these molecules as an immune evasion mechanism. Blocking of the PD-1-PD-L signaling axis has recently been shown to be effective and was clinically approved in relapsed/refractory tumors such as malignant melanoma and lung cancer, but also classical Hodgkin's lymphoma. A plethora of trials exploring PD-1 blockade in cancer are ongoing. Here, we review the role of PD-1 signaling in lymphoid malignancies, and the latest results of trials investigating PD-1 or PD-L1 blocking agents in this group of diseases. Early phase studies proved very promising, leading to the clinical approval of a PD-1 blocking agent in Hodgkin's lymphoma, and Phase III clinical studies are either planned or ongoing in most lymphoid malignancies.

Grapevine is one of the most important horticultural perennial crops grown in many countries from worldwide. In this paper, we review the global benefits of arbuscular mycorrhiza application for grapevine production and the impact of viticultural practices for these natural microorganisms to establish symbiotic associations with vine roots. This review aims to provide a brief overview of the status of and to outline the most important application and effects of AMF in viticulture in order to increase the sustainability of vineyards. Viticulture has to adapt to new challenges of pest and chemicals fertilizers management, climate change, global urbanization, land erosions, increasing droughts, world population growth and others factors that can affect the sustainability of viticultural production systems. One of eco-friendly approaches is to use the application of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF). Response of grapevine to AMF application demonstrated a lot of benefits for viticultural ecosystems. Technologies on sustainable agriculture and conservation of ecosystems vineyards may consider arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi as biofertilizers. Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi could be an effective tool for improving the agro-enviromental perfomance in viticultural farms.

In the decision-making process investors need quality financial information based on reported accounting numbers. Such numbers are present in financial statements and must meet a series of fundamental characteristics, such as relevance and faithful representation. The present paper aims to analyse and assess the value relevance of financial information on the financial market in India under the influence of the main country risk components (i.e. economic risk and freedom to set up businesses, corruption control, financial, fiscal, monetary and investment freedom). The research was carried out on a sample of companies listed on the regulated market in India between 2006 and 2014. The results of applying general linear models have shown that, over time, the country risk can have a significant influence on the value relevance of the financial statements reported at the financial market level.

There is an imbalance in asthma between classically activated macrophages (M1 cells) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2 cells) in favor of the latter. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in regulating macrophage proliferation and differentiation and control the balance of M1 and M2 macrophage polarization, thereby controlling immune responses. Here we review the current published data concerning miRNAs with known correlation to a specific human macrophage phenotype and polarization, and their association with adult asthma. MiRNA-targeted therapy is still in the initial stages, but clinical trials are under recruitment or currently running for some miRNAs in other diseases. Regulating miRNA expression via their upregulation or downregulation could show potential as a novel therapy for improving treatment efficacy in asthma.

Strawberry is one of the first horticultural species introduced in the plant tissue culture technology. Nowadays microprogation technology is one of the most important techniques to produce plants with high quality and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors. The researches were carried out in the Biotechnology and Physiology laboratory of University of Pitesti, with the following cultivars of strawberry: Premial, Elsanta and Senga Sengana. The purpose of this study was to examine the reaction of strawberry in vitro cultures on different kinetin concentration. Terminal buds were dissected and cultured on Lee and Fossard medium (1977). The explants were incubated in a growth chamber under 16/8 h light/dark cycle at 22 – 24 oC. LF medium supplemented with kinetin (1.25 mg l-1) was found best for culture survival for all strawberry cultivars. Percentage survival of explants increased with increase in kinetin concentration from 0.5 mg l-1 to 1.25 mg l-1 for all strawberry cultivars.