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O presente artigo apresenta uma análise discursiva dos enunciados da prova de redação aplicada no Vestibular da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (1978-2024), para qual atribuímos a denominação de arqueologia, à luz de Foucault (2022 [1969]). Dessa forma, na seção “A metáfora da metáfora”, buscamos estabelecer a compreensão da base teórica cunhada por Michel Foucault em “A Arqueologia do Saber”, com a qual procuramos apresentar o aspecto metodológico da prática arqueológica. No segundo momento, na seção “O arquivo dos cadernos de prova”, destacamos o trabalho com o arquivo, demonstrando as incursões que foram necessárias para a compreensão de nosso objeto. Na seção final, “A delimitação de séries enunciativas na prova de redação do Vestibular da UFSC”, apresentamos alguns dos resultados das escavações promovidas em nosso campo enunciativo. Acreditamos que o trabalho de identificação dos sistemas que regem e impactam nosso objeto permite o estabelecimento de reflexões necessárias e importantes também sobre os efeitos da prova de redação em sala de aula.

No Brasil, 67,7% dos municípios têm menos de 20 mil habitantes, sendo caracterizados como de pequeno porte. O objetivo do presente artigo é sistematizar a experiência e identificar os desafios e as lições aprendidas na implantação do modelo de fortalecimento da governança regional e da organização da rede de atenção à saúde (RAS) em uma região do Brasil composta por esses municípios, que apresentam baixa capacidade técnica e orçamentária, além de fragilidades diversas relacionadas à organização da RAS. Na perspectiva do fortalecimento da governança regional e da organização do processo de trabalho da atenção primária em saúde (APS) e, por consequência, dos fluxos com os outros níveis de atenção, foi proposta a estratégia intitulada Mais Cuidado Mais Saúde, desenvolvida em parceria com a Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde/Organização Mundial da Saúde (OPAS/OMS) e o Ministério da Saúde. O projeto foi executado por meio de processos de educação permanente em saúde e fortalecimento de capacidades institucionais na região de Ivaiporã/Paraná, com oficinas descentralizadas, contemplando três eixos prioritários: integração da RAS, formação de capacidades e gestão da informação. O público-alvo foram as equipes de APS ampliada. O projeto permitiu desenvolver capacidades locais e de governança regional por meio de reflexões conjuntas a respeito do modelo de atenção à saúde, de seus componentes e das mudanças necessárias nos processos de trabalho para a promoção de saúde com foco na qualidade de vida dos usuários. Por se tratar de uma experiência que considera as fragilidades, necessidades e autonomia dos atores locais, o projeto tem alto poder de replicação e customização para outras regiões com características similares dentro e fora do Brasil.

Abstract Acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) is a super-fruit with high ascorbic acid content and its quality can be highly affected by the genetic and environmental conditions. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the influence of genetic variability on acerola quality traits. It was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) recommendations. PubMed, Scopus and SciELO electronic databases were searched using terms acerola, selection, and genotypes. 29 studies were selected after assessing articles for eligibility criteria, which reported data on 22 quality parameters. A high genetic diversity was observed for all quality traits. Soluble solids and ascorbic acid contents are the main parameters determined in studies with acerola. Titratable acidity, SS/TA ratio and pH are also evaluated in most studies. Different studies have already identified possible genotypes for use in acerola breeding programs based on fruit quality, both for launching new cultivars and for use as parents in crosses. Our review is a useful basis for acerola breeding programs and germplasm conservation. Future studies are required to further identify and quantify bioactive compounds in acerolas of different genotypes.

Although acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) is a tropical fruit of high interest due to its high ascorbic acid content and attractive sensory attributes, fruit production is characterized by high genetic variability. Additionally, the use of new biometric tools for acerola breeding is scarce. This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters and the coefficient of repeatability, as well as determine the optimal number of fruits for quality trait analyses in different acerola genotypes, using different approaches. Twenty-three (Experiment I) and thirty-five (Experiment II) genotypes were evaluated in a randomized block design with four replicates and three plants per plot. Twenty fruits per plant were harvested and evaluated for the following quality traits: diameter, mass, skin color (lightness, chroma and hue), firmness, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, and ascorbic acid content. The genetic parameters and the coefficient of repeatability were estimated for each experiment using classical and Bayesian methods. Both approaches achieved similar results on estimating variance components, genetic parameters and the coefficient of repeatability. Genetic parameters showed favorable conditions for acerola selection. The coefficient of repeatability was high for all acerola quality traits. A total of 17 fruits are required for the effective selection of acerola genotypes with an accuracy of 95%.

Aqueous Two Phase Systems (ATPS) composed of 2-propanol + inorganic salt (Na2SO4/MgSO4) + water, at different temperatures T = (20, 30, 40 and 50) °C were applied in the partition studies of the textile dyes Yellow, Blue Royal and Red Dianix CC. The thermodynamic parameters of the free transfer energy (∆Gtr), enthalpy (∆Htr) and entropy (∆Str), respectively, were determined for dye partitioning, using the Van’t Hoff equation. The values of the partition coefficients of textile dyes Yellow, Royal Blue and Red Dianix CC, ranged from 14.21 to 1610.00, 15.15 to 994.00 and 17.32 to 311.75, respectively; and with dye extraction yields ranging from 93.17 to 99.93; 94.53 to 99.89 and 97.19 to 99.64, respectively. Based on the ∆Gtr results, it was verified that the dyes partition process was thermodynamically spontaneous, in all evaluated systems. For the 2-propanol + sodium sulfate ATPS, there was a prevalence of the enthalpic contribution over the entropic contribution (∆Htr > ∆Str), while for the 2-propanol + magnesium sulfate systems, a greater predominance of the entropic contribution was observed (∆Htr < ∆Str). The recovery yields (Y) values obtained were above 90% for all systems.

Although enzymes have been used for thousands of years, their application in industrial processes has gained importance since the 20th century due to technological and scientific advances in several areas, including biochemistry [...]

Resumo A disponibilidade pública de currículos e dados sobre projetos de pesquisa está oferecendo um novo campo para análise de relações entre pesquisadores e o uso de redes é uma ferramenta adequada para esse fim. No entanto, poucos estudos ainda têm analisado cursos de graduação em Enfermagem que não estão associadas a programas de pós-graduação em Enfermagem. Este estudo avaliou redes de intenção de pesquisa entre professores permanentes de um curso de graduação em Enfermagem de uma instituição brasileira, federal e pública, com base em grupos de pesquisa registrados no Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (conhecido como CNPq) e projetos de pesquisa registrados na Plataforma Lattes. Os grupos de pesquisa e currículos de todos os professores (ativos ou aposentados) foram acessados e avaliado como esses professores interagem por diferentes redes de interação, de acordo com a intenção da pesquisa, baseada em diferentes relações como as entre professores, áreas e instituições. Observou-se redes não estruturadas, com atores sem conexão, presença de vínculos "negligenciados" e possíveis registros inativos relacionados à formação acadêmica. As nuvens de palavras também mostraram que as palavras usadas na maioria das vezes são pouco informativas sobre as temáticas de pesquisa. O uso de redes foi eficaz na interpretação das interações relacionadas à intenção de pesquisa quando aplicada a um curso de graduação, destacando muitos padrões de comportamento do grupo e se apresentou como uma ferramenta eficaz para planejar e compreender as intenções de pesquisa em uma unidade de ensino.

(1) Background: This study assessed the spatial position and anatomical features associated with impacted third molars through a map-reading strategy employing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). (2) Methods: The positioning of impacted third molars on CBCT was assessed using Winter’s and Pell and Gregory’s classifications. External root resorption in mandibular second molars was categorized according to Herman’s classification. Additionally, the relationship between the mandibular third molar root apex and the mandibular canal was examined. Comparative statistical analysis was conducted using Fisher’s exact test, with a significance level considered as 5%. (3) Results: The results indicated that, based on Winter’s classification, 48.06 % of impacted teeth were positioned mesioangularly. Employing Pell and Gregory’s classification, 43.22% of the impacted molars fell into positions B and C, with 54.2% classified as Class II. A notable 69.7% of teeth exhibited no contact between the root apex and the mandibular canal, and external root resorption in the distal aspect of the second molar was absent in 88.7% of cases. (4) Conclusions: Utilizing the map-reading strategy with CBCT scans to assess the anatomical positions and characteristics of impacted third molars enhances professional confidence and sets a standard for quality and safety in the surgical procedure for patients.

The pandemic provoked by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) devastated poor urban neighborhoods across the world, particularly in the Global South, although empirical data on this remain limited. In this article, the authors present data collected through a mixed-methods, participatory action research approach on the impacts of the pandemic in Cidade de Deus, a “favela,” or poor informal settlement, in Rio de Janeiro. The authors find that the indirect consequences of COVID-19, in particular economic and mental health problems, were experienced as more severe than the direct effects of the virus itself, despite high rates of infection and mortality. The study also revealed that residents relied heavily on one another through local systems of mutual aid to address immediate crises. These findings suggest that the pandemic provoked a complex and diverse set of challenges and actions in the economic, social, physical, and mental spheres of poor urban neighborhoods.

Introduction: The prevalence of Apical Root Resorption (ARR) after orthodontic treatment is high. It is associated with several factors, such as tooth group, type and duration of treatment, applied force and root morphology. Aim: To evaluate the apical root morphology of maxillary incisors in a Brazilian subpopulation using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective and cross-sectional study, 400 maxillary incisors from 167 patients registered in the data base of Dental Radiology Clinics between January 2012 and April 2017 were analysed. The apical root configuration was verified by navigating 0.1 mm/0.1 mm, in the three planes, axial, coronal, and sagittal sections on CBCT images, from the root canal entrance to the apical foramen, as well as from the apical direction to the crown. The standard reference for apical root form corresponded to the long axis of the tooth. The root forms and their frequency were characterised according to the classification proposed by Levander and Malmgren (1988). The qualitative variables were analysed by the Chi-square test. The level of significance was p-value

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the clinical course of a newborn who developed dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) after COVID-19 infection.Methods: We retrospectively assessed the clinical notes of a pediatric patient with decompensated heart failure and who was previously positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).Results: A 23-day-old newborn presented with diarrhea, hypoactivity, tachypnea, and lethargy. The infant progressed to develop respiratory failure and required orotracheal intubation due to apnea. A nasopharyngeal swab tested positive for SARS-COV-2. An echocardiogram (ECHO) demonstrated severe left ventricular dysfunction. The patient was discharged after 18 days with furosemide and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. During the follow-up period, the infant had two episodes of decompensated heart failure, with evidence of DCM. Investigations for known causes of secondary DCM were negative. The infant was promptly referred for heart transplantation.Conclusion: Although rare, we have observed a case of DCM in a newborn following COVID-19 disease. DCM may be a complication following COVID-19 disease in newborns.

O processo educativo vivenciado por estudantes e professores deve ser focado na aquisição de conhecimento, habilidades e atitudes relevantes para compreensão dos fenômenos da vida e sua aplicação na prática profissional, exigindo a participação ativa e efetiva dos muitos envolvidos: estudantes, professores, gestores acadêmicos e outros atores importantes. Ainda que essa máxima faça parte dos discursos dos cursos da área da saúde, ressalta-se, neste trabalho, o valor fundamental do planejamento para uma ação educacional de qualidade. A adoção de instrumentos pedagógicos próprios para este fim pode favorecer uma melhor reflexão, desenvolvimento e comunicação do percurso de formação dos estudantes. Na Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), o instrumento utilizado é conhecido como Plano de Ensino e Aprendizagem, o PEA. Neste relato de experiência, apresenta-se o seu contexto de implementação, as discussões envolvendo a comunidade acadêmica, as ações formativas para torná-lo um recurso vivo e potente para o fazer docente, elementos estes que fortaleceram o ensino nos cursos de graduação da FMRP. Ao longo deste artigo, o leitor conhecerá as partes que compõem o PEA, orientações sobre como elaborá-lo, exemplos produzidos por professores e um conjunto de rubricas e critérios que contribuem para nortear o planejamento no contexto da docência nas profissões da saúde.

Background Vaginal laxity is an underreported condition that negatively affects women’s sexual function and their relationships. Evidence-based studies are needed to better understand this complaint and to discuss its treatment options. Thus, we present a study protocol to compare the effect of radiofrequency and pelvic floor muscle training in the treatment of women with complaints of vaginal laxity. Methods/Design This is a prospective, parallel-group, two-arm, randomized clinical trial (Registry: RBR-2zdvfp–REBEC). Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the two groups of intervention (Radiofrequency or Pelvic Floor Muscle Training). The study will be performed in the Urogynecology outpatient clinic and in the physiotherapy outpatient clinic at the State University of Campinas–UNICAMP and will include women aged ≥ 18 years and with self-reported complaints of vaginal laxity. Participants will be assessed at baseline (pre-intervention period) and will be followed up in two periods: first follow-up (30 days after intervention) and second follow-up (six months after intervention). Expected results The results of this randomized clinical trial will have a positive impact on the participants’ quality of life, as well as add value to the development of treatment options for women with complaints of vaginal laxity. Trial registration Registry: RBR-2zdvfp–Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos–REBEC (19/02/2020).

A series of 3-substituted-7-aminoalcoxy-coumarin was designed and evaluated as cholinesterase inhibitors and antioxidants. All compounds were effective in inhibiting AChE with potencies in the nanomolar range. The 3-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-7-aminoethoxy-coumarin (6a) was considered a hit, showing good AChE inhibition potency (IC50 = 20 nM) and selectivity (IC50 BuChE/AChE = 354), quite similar to the reference drug donepezil (IC50 = 6 nM; IC50 BuChE/AChE = 365), also presenting antioxidant properties, low citotoxicity and good-predicted ADMET properties. The mode of action (mixed-type) and SAR analysis for this series of compounds were described by means of kinetic and molecular modeling evaluations.

Glyphosate, a non-selective herbicide with systemic action, is one of the most widely used substances in modern agriculture. With the objective of comparing the efficiency of glyphosate previously complexed with copper (Cu421) with that of the commercial product (Roundup WG®) and the purified substance (purified glyphosate) in controlling Brachiaria decumbens Stapf (signal grass), tests were conducted of the in vitro and in vivo activity of the enzymes 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPs) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). The Cu421 complex significantly inhibited the EPSPs activity, as did the commercial product. In vivo test showed that treatments increased PAL activity more than double. The Cu421 complexed caused a substantial decline in the Falker chlorophyll index, as well as, the greatest reduction in the fresh mass yield and total protein concentration. In addition, the Cu 421 complexed application resulted in an increase in N-NO3- content in B. decumbens. The Cu421 complex had similar action as Roundup WG® and the purified glyphosate, indicating the possibility of using this complex to control weeds.

Starch stability under the processing conditions can be improved by modifying the granule structure using chemical and/or physical processes. The effect of heat-moisture treatment (HMT) on the physicochemical, morphological, pasting and thermal properties of green banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) starch was investigated. To analyze the changes in starch properties due to the combined effect of the process variables, time (h), moisture (%), and temperature (°C) were considered as independent variables using a central composite rotatable design. The native starch extracted using ammonium hydroxide as an antioxidant contained 80.4 % total carbohydrates, 53.7 % apparent amylose, 11.46 % moisture, and other constituents (ash, protein, lipids), which accounted for less than 1 %. The granule morphology was affected by the moisture and temperature used in HMT. A and B type X-ray diffraction patterns were observed in the native and modified starch. Mathematical models that describe the behaviour of modified starch properties as a function of the evaluated parameters were obtained. Then variables time and temperature significantly affected the physicochemical, rheological and digestibility properties of starch.

Abstract Objective To define transvaginal ultrasound reference ranges for uterine cervix measurements according to gestational age (GA) in low-risk pregnancies. Methods Cohort of low-risk pregnantwomen undergoing transvaginal ultrasound exams every 4 weeks, comprisingmeasurements of the cervical length and volume, the transverse and anteroposterior diameters of the cervix, and distance fromthe entrance of the uterine artery into the cervix until the internal os. The inter- and intraobserver variabilities were assessed with the linear correlation coefficient and the Student t-test. Within each period of GA, 2.5, 10, 50, 90 and 97.5 percentiles were estimated, and the variation by GA was assessed with analysis of variance for dependent samples. Mean values and Student t-test were used to compare the values stratified by control variables. Results After confirming the high reproducibility of the method, 172 women followed in this cohort presented a reduction in cervical length, with an increase in volume and in the anteroposterior and transverse diameters during pregnancy. Smaller cervical lengths were associated with younger age, lower parity, and absence of previous cesarean section (C-section). Conclusion In the studied population, we observed cervical length shortening throughout pregnancy, suggesting a physiological reduction mainly in the vaginal portion of the cervix. In order to better predict pretermbirth, cervical insufficiency and premature rupture of membranes, reference curves and specific cut-off values need to be validated.

RESUMO: Neste artigo apresentamos os resultados de uma pesquisa que investigou (i) como uma licencianda identificou aspectos de natureza da ciência (NdC) possíveis de serem discutidos no contexto de ensino fundamentado em modelagem; (ii) como tais discussões foram conduzidas; e (iii) a participação dos estudantes nas mesmas. As aulas ocorreram em uma turma do primeiro ano do ensino médio. Os dados que subsidiaram nossas análises foram coletados a partir de registro em vídeo do planejamento e da condução das aulas. Neste último caso, focamos nos debates e interações entre licencianda e estudantes. Os resultados mostram que, apesar de a licencianda ter sido capaz de identificar todos os aspectos possíveis de serem discutidos a partir daquelas atividades de modelagem, nem sempre a condução das aulas resultou na participação dos estudantes e expressão de suas ideias sobre NdC. Isto ocorreu somente quando a licencianda explorou os conhecimentos vivenciados pelos estudantes durante as discussões dos processos de modelagem desenvolvidos por eles. Isto mostra o papel essencial do professor na condução dessas atividades e aponta para a necessidade de que os processos de formação de professores favoreçam instruções sobre NdC que contemplem discussões sobre o assunto e explorem aspectos práticos desse ensino.

The extraction of protein from flour of jackfruit seeds by reverse micelles was evaluated. Reverse micelle system was composed of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as surfactant, butanol as solvent, and water. The effects of stirring time, temperature, molar ratio H2O SDS-1, concentration of butanol (mass percentage) and flour mass were tested in batch systems. Based on the adjusted linear regression model, only butanol concentration provided optimum extraction conditions (41.16%). Based on the analysis of surface response, the best extraction yield could be obtained at 25°C, stirring time of 120 min, mass of flour of 100 mg, and a ratio H2O SDS-1 of 50. Experimental results showed that a 79.00% extraction yield could be obtained.

Abstract Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) negatively affects the physical and biopsychosocial aspects of the lives of individuals with the disease, thereby affecting the quality of life (QOL) of patients and their families. Objectives: This study aimed to measure the QOL of individuals with CKD and compare the QOL scores of patients with CKD to the scores of disease-free individuals to find factors associated with better QOL. Method: The local Ethics Committee approved this cross-sectional study. The study was carried out at a public clinic and a private hemodialysis clinic. Participants were asked to answer the WHOQOL-BREF and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Statistical tests were used according to the variables of interest and significance was attributed to differences with p-values < 0.05. Results: Nearly two thirds (59%) of the case group members were males and 55% did not have a spouse; 53% were seen at a private clinic and 57% had complications. The variables that more significantly affected QOL were smoking (perception of QOL) (Bi = - 0.4061; p = 0.032), undergoing hemodialysis (general health status) (Bi = - 0.3029; p = 0.034), and duration of sessions (Bi = 0.117; p = 0.039) (environmental domain). Conclusion: The QOL of patients with CKD was significantly lower when compared to controls in the physical and psychological domains. Several variables affected the perception of QOL and should be considered in clinical assessment.

This study intended to measure the scores of psych-emotional constructs and self-management in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), compare those scores according to the type of IBD, and verify the influence of these measures on self-management in health. This is a cross-sectional study performed at the outpatient clinic of a public Hospital. The patients were adults and diagnosed with IBD; they answered instruments of measure of self-esteem, anxiety and depression, health status and of activation. Pearson's correlation test and Student's t test evaluated the variables of interest. The level of significance was 0.05. We evaluated 65 patients (average age = 40.71; SD = 14.26). We found high score of activation (average = 57.5; SD = 13.38) and high score of self-esteem (average = 31.58; SD = 4.98), moderate score of anxiety (average = 8.24; SD = 4.38) and low score of depression (average = 5.47; SD = 3.53). Significant correlations were observed, from low to moderate magnitude, between the other measures and activation (p < 0.05). There were weak correlations between activation and time since diagnosis; anxiety and number of comorbidities (p < 0.05). We have concluded that patients with IBD presented high self-esteem, moderate levels of anxiety, low levels of depression and a high level of activation. Longer time since diagnosis was related with better self-management in health.

The present study aimed measure self-esteem, anxiety and depression and activation scores in individuals with cancer; compare these scores according to whether or not chemotherapy was performed and verify the influence of these constructs in the self-management in health. This study is a Cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, performed at the outpatient clinic of a school hospital. The instrument was answered by adult patients, diagnosed with cancer for at least 6 months and in outpatient follow-up. We used the Pearson correlation test and the Student t test in order to evaluate the variables of interest. The level of significance was 0.05. Seventy patients participated in the study; forty six of them were women. The average age was 50.17 years (SD = 11.26) and the average of the education level in years was 8.27 (SD = 3.73). The most prevalent cancer was the breast cancer. The average score obtained by the instruments were: 32.71 (SD = 4.64) for self-esteem; 6.07 (SD = 3.84) for anxiety; 4.90 (SD = 3.76) for depression and 64.24 (SD = 15.21) for activation. We observed weak correlations of these constructs with activation (p 0.05). The education level presented a weak correlation with the measure of activation (r = 0.240, p

ABSTRACT Plant-pollinator interactions range from obligatory specialists to facultative generalists, and floral morphology and pollination system may not match completely. The floral biology, reproductive system and floral visitors of a species of the tribe Rhipsalideae were investigated with a focus on the consistency between the pollination system and the floral phenotype. Rhipsalis neves-armondii is an obligate xenogamous species, due to self-sterility. Its flowers are white, small and diurnal, and radially symmetrical. These features, along with their small amount of nectar, characterize the flowers as phenotypic generalists. The most frequent pollinators were a solitary oligolectic species of Andrenidae (Rhophitulus solani), two species of Meliponinae (Trigona spinipes and T. braueri) and Apis mellifera. Despite the generalist floral phenotype, the pollination system is functionally specialized, since only small bees performed effective visits. Flowers of R. neves-armondii may represent a case of cryptic floral specialization in which attributes other than morphology act as filters, restricting them to a single functional group of pollinators. Moreover, the four most frequent species of pollinators cover a spectrum ranging from solitary oligolectic to social polylectic bees, including an exotic species. These results illustrate the distinct dimensions of specialization-generalization that may occur in the pollination process of a single species.

Os micro-organismos antagonistas (bactérias, leveduras e fungos filamentosos) têm a capacidade de exercer um efeito antagonista sobre diferentes patógenos sendo empregados para controlar diversas enfermidades de frutos e vegetais. Este estudo objetivou isolar e testar microrganismos presentes em Eugenia dysenterica DC contra Aspergillus parasiticus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides e Monilinia fructicola e in vitro. Foram coletados caules e folhas de 30 indivíduos de Cagaiteira. Os fragmentos vegetais passaram por desinfecção superficial, de acordo com o proposto por Rosa, et. al, (2010). Os fragmentos foram inoculados em placas de Petri contendo ágar Batata a 25-28 ºC por um período de até 60 dias. Os 263 endofíticos obtidos foram purificados e avaliados quanto ao seu potencial de inibição por produção de substâncias difusíveis e voláteis. Um total de 96 dos isolados, demonstraram atividade antagonista contra os fitopatógenos. Sendo 45 isolados capazes de inibir o crescimento do fitopatógeno A. parasiticus. Contra o fitopatógeno C. gloeosporioides 68 endofíticos apresentaram atividade antagonista. Já contra o fitopatógeno M. fructicola apenas 17 fungos foram capazes de exercer efeito inibitório. Os isolados obtidos apresentaram potencial para produção de substâncias bioativas contra estes fitopatógenos.

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides e Fusarium guttiforme são fungos fitopatogênicos causadores de diversas doenças pós-colheita em frutos. As substâncias “GRAS”- (Generally d Regarded As Safe), são uma alternativa no controle de micro-organismos na fase pós-colheita, devido seus efeitos fungistáticos e fungicidas comprovados. O presente estudo observou os efeitos de cinco substâncias “GRAS” no controle de crescimento dos fungos fitopatogênicos C. gloeosporioides e F. guttiforme in vitro. Meios de cultura (BDA) foram suplementados com 1%, 3% e 5% de bicarbonato de sódio, carbonato de sódio, carbonato de cálcio, cloreto de cálcio e 0,1%, 0,5% 1% de cloreto de potássio. Foram inoculados 10µl de solução de esporo na concentração de 5x103 esporo/ml. Das cinco substâncias utilizadas nos testes, bicarbonato de sódio e carbonato de sódio inibiram 100% o crescimento do fungo C. gloeosporioides, as demais não foram limitantes para o desenvolvimento do fungo quando comparado ao controle. Carbonato de sódio inibiu em 100% o crescimento de F. guttiforme em todas as concentrações. Foram positivos também, bicarbonato de sódio nas concentrações de 3% e 5%. O tratamento utilizando 5% de cloreto de cálcio reduziu em 51% o crescimento deste fitopatógeno. As outras substâncias não reduziram ou inibiram o crescimento micelial do fitopatógeno quando comparado com o controle. Das cinco substâncias “GRAS” testadas neste trabalho, carbonato de sódio e bicarbonato de sódio, foram eficazes em inibir o crescimento micelial de C. gloeosporioides. Carbonato de sódio, bicarbonato de sódio e cloreto de cálcio se mostraram capazes de inibir o crescimento micelial F. guttiforme.

As celulases e xilanases fúngicas, derivadas de sua habilidade degradativa e excretadas, em geral, para o meio, despertam interesse biotecnológico por terem um largo espectro de aplicação. Objetivou-se verificar a produção das enzimas celulase e xilanase por fungos filamentosos isolados de detritos foliares alóctone em um córrego no Cerrado. Os testes foram realizados com 100 cepas utilizando meio de cultura sintético contendo, como única fonte de carbono, carboximetilcelulose e xilana, para celulase e xilanase, respectivamente. Foram realizados inóculos no centro das placas e armazenadas por 4 dias em BOD a 28°C e submetido a choque térmico em estufa a 50°C por 16 horas. Para melhor visualização do halo de hidrólise as placas foram coradas com solução de vermelho congo e lavadas com solução de NaCl. Dos fungos testados 69% apresentaram resultado positivo para celulase dos quais 23% foram consideramos com potencial para aplicação em biotecnologia. Não houve resultados positivos para a produção da enzima xilanase. Os fungos testados, associados ao processo de decomposição de matéria orgânica vegetal, apresentaram produção da enzima celulase, mas não da enzima xilanase.

Associations between generic and specific perceived health status have been little used in the clinical practice of the cardiovascular sciences. Describe the clinical and socio-economic profile of heart failure patients (HF) and correlate their perceived health status (PHS) (generic and specific) with clinical and socio-economic variables. Cross-sectional, quantitative and analytical study approved by the ethics committee - Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (number 833.007). A sample of 91 individuals with different functional classes and etiologies of HF and who were in outpatient follow-up answered the following questionnaire: 1. Clinical and socioeconomic questionnaire; 2. Visual Analog Scale (VAS); 3. Minnesota Questionnaire (MLWHFQ). We studied 91 patients with HF; the majority was male (50.5%) married (52.7%), inactive (working condition) (83.51%), NYHA functional class IV (29.7%) hypertension etiology (46.2%). The VAS was correlated significantly (p

Aim: This study carried out cranial measurements (in mm) [Zygion-Zygion (Zy-Zy); Zygion-Glabella-right side (Zy-Ga-right); Zygion-Glabella-left side (Zy-Ga-left); Zygion-Glabella-mean (Zy-Ga-mean); Rhinion-Anterior Nasal Spine (Rhi-ANS); Nasal Width (Na Wid); Nasion-Anterior Nasal Spine (Na-ANS); Glabella-Anterior Nasal Spine (Ga-ANS); Glabella-Prosthion (Ga-Pr)], to verify whether they are dimorphic. Methods: We used skulls from the Eduardo Daruge Laboratory of Forensic Physical Anthropometry, which did not present growth abnormalities and belonged to the age range of 18 to 100 years. Linear measurements were performed by digital caliper, properly calibrated. Inter and intra-calibrator calibration was performed by obtaining as result the value of 0.98 (considered excellent). Results: We found that all measures carried out are dimorphic, and we were able to create a logistic regression model (logit: Sex = −33.6 + (0.15 × Zy-Zy) + (0.21 × Rhi-ANS) + (0.16 × Na-ANS)) to estimation the sex. Conclusions: We concluded that the developed quantitative method results in 85.2% sensitivity, 76.2% specificity, and 81.1% accuracy, being, therefore, more effective in the prediction of sex than the mere random hit.

The heart failure (HF) it's a self-limiting and severe condition, of varied etiology, with negative repercussions to the political-economic framework, and to health related life quality (HRLQ) of patients with HF, due to its standard symptoms and effects. Its's believed that due to the reduced cardiorespiratory competence coming for the HF, certain physical limitation levels would be expressed, impairing directly the HRLQ. To evaluate the physical limitation impact in the HRLQ of Heart Failure patients. Cross-sectional study, quantitative, descriptive and analytical character, conducted with patients treated at a Cardiology outpatient clinic from a university hospital. To evaluate the patients was used: characterization questionnaire Clinic and Socioeconomic, Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) and the Veterans Specific Activity Questionnaire (VSAQ). The data was managed in Microsoft Office Excel® 2010 program, double independent entry. Subsequently imported into Statistical Package for Social Science program (SPSS), version 21.0, which were conducted exploratory analyzes of data from the calculation of simple absolute and percentage frequencies for categorical variables and measures of centrality and dispersion for quantitative variables, as well as parametric testing Pearson correlation, since the normal distribution of variables. In the research were included 108 patients, with a predominance of female participants (50.90%), mean age of 66.55±11.41 years. Regarding the NYHA functional classification at level II (50%) and NYHA III (39.80%) were the most prevalent. The etiologies of HF was the most prevalent Chagas' Heart (50.90%). The MLHFQ showed negative impact of the IC under the HRLQ, which presented a total score of MLHFQ of 51.87±15.74 points. At the physical limitation the VSAQ resulted in an average of 3, 37±1, 41 with bigger impairment to the METS3 (45, 4%). The MLHFQ and VSAQ correlation presented itself negative, moderate to strong and significant (p

Objetivo: conhecer a percepção de mulheres usuárias de crack sobre a influência da droga na gestação e parto. Método: pesquisa quantiqualitativa realizada em uma maternidade no sul do Brasil, em 2014. Participaram 18 mulheres usuárias de crack atendidas no setor. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas submetidas à análise de conteúdo, após aprovação do projeto no Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, mediante protocolo nº 135/2013 e CAAE nº 23116004845/2010-52. Resultados: constatou-se que buscam o apoio da família, a superação do consumo de crack e da prostituição. Mencionaram ter perdido peso, não ter produzido leite e não ter realizado o pré-natal devido ao uso de crack. Tentaram construir uma relação familiar estável. Algumas tiveram parto normal, mas outras apresentaram complicações, tendo parto prematuro e aborto. Conclusão: os enfermeiros precisam instrumentalizar-se, auxiliando a mulher usuária de crack a vivenciar a gravidez e o parto, garantindo sua segurança e cuidado ao recém-nascido. ABSTRACT Objective: to learn how women crack users perceive the drug’s influence on pregnancy and childbirth. Method: in this quantiqualitative study, the participants were eighteen women crack users admitted to a maternity facility in southern Brazil in 2014. Data were collected by interview and then submitted to content analysis, with research ethics committee approval (Protocol No. 135/2013 and CAAE No. 23116004845/2010-52). Results: the women were found to seek family support to overcome consumption of crack and prostitution. They mentioned losing weight, not producing milk, and failing to undergo antenatal care due to use of crack. They tried to rebuild a stable family relationship. Some gave birth normally, but others had complications, including premature labor and miscarriage. Conclusion: nurses need to equip themselves in order to assist women crack users to experience pregnancy and childbirth, by ensuring their safety and care for their newborn babies. RESUMEN Objetivo: conocer la percepción de mujeres usuarias de crack sobre la influencia de la droga en el embarazo y el parto. Método: investigación cuantitativa y cualitativa que tuvo lugar en una maternidad del sur de Brasil, en 2014. Participaron dieciocho mujeres usuarias de crack atendidas en el sector. Los datos fueron recolectados por medio de entrevistas sometidas a análisis de contenido, tras aprobación del proyecto en el Comité de Ética en Investigación, conforme protocolo nº 135/2013 y CAAE nº 23116004845/2010-52. Resultados: se constató que buscan el apoyo de la familia, la superación del consumo de crack y de la prostitución. Mencionaron que adelgazaron y que no producen leche y, además, no realizaron el prenatal debido al consumo de crack. Intentaron construir una relación familiar estable. Algunas tuvieron parto natural, pero otras presentaron complicaciones como parto prematuro y aborto. Conclusión: los enfermeros tienen que equiparse, ayudando a la mujer usuaria de crack a vivenciar el embarazo y el parto, garantizando su seguridad y cuidado al recién nacido.

Introduction:Tuberculosis promotes an acute phase response with an increase of blood reactants, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), among others, which are associated with increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).Objective:Evaluate the ESR and the CRP as markers for diagnosis and monitoring cases of pulmonary tuberculosis.Method:Research on patients with clinical, laboratory, and imaging diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, from Itajaí-SC; in which CRP and ESR were analyzed in three different times: at diagnosis, before starting treatment (T0), after three months of treatment (T1), and at the end of treatment (T2).Results:51 patients were studied at T0 (100%), 43 (84.31%) at T1, and 32 (62.74%) at T2. ESR and CRP values presented significant differences in the three different times (p < 0.0001***). When analyzing the relationship between negative/positive sputum and altered/normal ESR and CRP at T0, ESR (p = 0.0691), CRP (p = 0.0166*). For chest imaging and sputum smear variables it was observed the following: CRP versus smear (p = 0.0002***), ESR versus smear (p = 0.3810), CRP versus chest imaging (p = 0.0097**), and ESR versus chest imaging (p = 0.0766). The correlation between ESR and CRP was: T0 (p = 0.0033**), T1 (p < 0.0001***) and T2 (p = 0.0015**).Conclusion:ESR and CRP proved to be good markers in the diagnosis and monitoring of tuberculosis cases, however, CRP achieve more significant results than ESR.

Habitat structure and complexity may broadly affect the diversity and composition of a variety of fauna in terrestrial systems. Here we investigated responses of orchid bee assemblages to habitat complexity, with the aim of assessing complexity as a useful surrogate for species diversity of this group. We test the following hypotheses: (i) There is a greater species richness and abundance of orchid bee in sites with high habitat complexity than lower habitat complexity; (ii) High habitat complexity sites have a different species composition of orchid bee than lower habitat complexity sites. For the purposes of our study, we defined habitat complexity as the heterogeneity in the arrangement in physical structure of habitat (vegetation), although there are a large range of operational definitions in the literature. As result, orchid bee species richness was higher in high complexity areas while community composition was not affected by habitat complexity, because Euglossa melanotricha and E. leucotricha were the dominant species, occurring in both environments. Habitat complexity, measured as a function of differences in multiple strata in forests, may be of great worth as a surrogate for the diversity of a range of arthropod groups including orchid bees.

Education is a social and universal phenomenon, being essential to the workplace and in a continuing regime. The pursuance of continuing education is common in the Nursing practice. Therefore, this study has the objective of describing the attendance indicators obtained by a Continuing Education Nursing Program at a University Hospital in 2012, in relation to the attendance of the students in long-term courses (greater than 20 hours). These courses are offered to the nursing staff under the pretext of understanding and supporting new health care strategies, which aim at improving the workforce of participants. The work herein is a descriptive, exploratory and retrospective study. During 2012 only three long-term courses were offered, all focused upon the specific needs of the hospital. In order to carry out the attendance evaluation a series of indicators were considered; daily presence percentage, general attendance percentage per student, attendance percentage of approved student, attendance percentage of reproved student, course abandonment percentage and approval percentage. The results showed differences in the attendance rates across all courses, both for those students who were approved as for those who were reproved, although the approval rate did not differ between the courses (40-50%). In the case of the course offered only to nurses, there were no abandonments registered. A noted phenomenon is that over the period the course runs, there also occurs a decrease in the daily attendance percentage on the part of students, thus demonstrating the need to implement new methodologies concerning this problem. Additionally, there occurred an attendance percentage and an approved and reproved percentage differential in results among the three nursing work categories, where nurses presented the highest rates of attendance and approbation. These results can be associated to the workplace position, voluntary participation and absence of liberation criteria for participation, all of which should be investigated in a future scenario. The results demonstrate the need for a methodology that maintains attendance levels across the whole duration of the long-term course, and deals with the presence of different professional categories and functions in the same course, under the intention of improving attendance and results of the long-term courses in continuing education programs.

This paper proposes a reflection on the use of the Problematization methodology in the instruction of Public Health of UniEVANGELICA's Medical School. The objective of this study is to show characteristics of the methodology through the existing literature and to report its empirical application in the course. To accomplish that, the paper discusses initially the teaching methods and their different approaches, focusing on Problematization, moving on to the experience report, aiming to point out the facility and the limitations perceived in its use on Medicine teaching.

This study aimed at collecting data of masseter myofascial tension, related to the joint hyperactivity by electromyography activity of masseter muscle at rest, isotonic and isometric chewing. 08 patients living in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina, volunteers, aged between 22 and 62 years, both sexes were evaluated. The electromyography data collection at rest had reported that 50% showed differences in masseter muscle tension increased in the left for the right masseter; in isometric contraction, 50% had a difference in masseter tension right; in isotonic contraction 62.5% there was a difference in increased tension in the left masseter. Anthropometry of the face was suggested, where 25% showed significant variance of 01 cm of discrepancy on the right, in relation to the left. It is possible in the future, an early diagnosis and treatment, thus avoiding a source of pain, speech disorders and problems in the mastication system. For this we need to establish a direct follow-up control of at least one year after the treatment strategy.

The objective of this study was to elaborate a homemade and alternative cereal bar using dehydrated jackfruit and seed meal as fiber source, due to the availability of this fruit in the region, without reducing the nutritional values if comparing to those already existent in the market. In order to evaluate the centesimal content and the acceptance of the homemade bars, both light and traditional bars were used as reference. The results showed that the elaborated bar presented protein values very close with products already found in the market. However, the new bars presented higher content of fibers. Formulations of 30 and 40% of seed meal were the ones with the best acceptance.

The objective of this study was to elaborate a homemade and alternative cereal bar using dehydrated jackfruit and seed meal as fiber source, due to the availability of this fruit in the region, without reducing the nutritional values if comparing to those already existent in the market. In order to evaluate the centesimal content and the acceptance of the homemade bars, both light and traditional bars were used as reference. The results showed that the elaborated bar presented protein values very close with products already found in the market. However, the new bars presented higher content offibers. Formulations of 30 and 40% of seed meal were the ones with the best acceptance. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho elaborar uma barra de cereal caseira e alternativa, utilizando a jaca desidratada e o farelo da semente como fonte de fibras, a fim de aproveitar a disponibilidade dessa fruta regional, sem reduzir o valor nutricional em relação às existentes no mercado. Para avaliar a composição centesimal e aceitação das barras caseiras foram utilizadas barras comerciais na forma light e tradicional, como parâmetros de referências. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a barra formulada apresentou valores bem próximos aos produtos comercializados no mercado no que se refere à proteína, mas com teores de fibras superiores. As formulações com 30 e 40% de teor de farelo da semente foram as quetiveram maior aceitação.

OBJETIVO: Estudos recentes de fluxo com modelos experimentais de anastomoses cavopulmonares totais (ACPTs) baseados em ressonância magnética e angiografia demonstram que este é um procedimento bem estabelecido para o tratamento de várias cardiopatias, mas o melhor arranjo espacial continua controverso. Nosso intuito é apresentar os resultados imediatos com três diferentes técnicas de ACPTs. MÉTODOS: Ensaio clínico de ACPTs realizadas no período de janeiro de 2005 a julho de 2008 com 40 pacientes, com idade média de 6,4 ± 3,2 anos, com Glenn prévio. Os pacientes foram divididos em três grupos, dependendo da técnica cirúrgica empregada: Grupo 1 (G1) - túnel lateral; Grupo 2 (G2) - conduto extracardíaco; Grupo 3 (G3) - conduto intracardíaco dirigido para o ramo esquerdo de artéria pulmonar, todos com fenestração. Foram avaliadas variáveis pré e pós-operatórias. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 11 pacientes no G1, 10 no G2 e 19 no G3. As variáveis pré-operatórias foram semelhantes nos três grupos (P>0,05). A mortalidade foi maior nos Grupos 1 e 2 (9,1% e 10,0%, respectivamente), comparadas ao Grupo 3 (zero), porém sem significância estatística (P=0,3841). Efusão pleural foi ausente no Grupo 3, diferença significativa (P=0,0128) em relação aos outros grupos (40,0% e 33,3%). A mediana do tempo de hospitalização pós-operatória foi menor no Grupo 3 (8 dias), em relação aos grupos 1 e 2 (18 e 13 dias, respectivamente) (P=0,0164). CONCLUSÃO: A técnica de conduto intracardíaco foi associada a menor morbidade pós-operatória, sendo a opção atual do nosso serviço na anastomose cavopulmonar total.OBJECTIVES: Recent experimental flow studies based on angiography and magnetic resonance have shown that total cavopulmonary anastomosis (TCPA) is a valid concept for surgical treatment of many congenital heart defects, but there is not agreement of the best surgical arrangement. Our purpose is to analyze the immediate results with three different techniques of TCPA. METHODS: We sought to analyze retrospectively all TCPA realized from January 2005 to July 2008; there were 40 patients, all with previous Glenn anastomosis, with mean age of 6.4 ± 3.2 years. Three different techniques were employed: Group 1 (G1) lateral tunnel, Group 2 (G2) extracardiac conduits, Group 3 (G3) intracardiac conduit directed to the left pulmonary artery. All patients had a fenestration done. RESULTS: G1 had 11 patients, G2 10 patients and G3 19 patients. Preoperative data were similar in the 3 groups (P>0.05). Surgical mortality was higher in Groups 1 and 2 (9.1% and 10%) compared to Group 3 (0%) but there was no statistical significance (P=0.3841). Pleural effusion was absent in Group 3 (0%), which was statistically significant in relation to the other groups (P=0.0128). The hospitalization time was also significantly lower in G3 (8 days) in relation to G1 (18 days) and G2 (13 days) (P=0.0164). CONCLUSION: Intracardiac TCPA was associated with lower postoperative morbidity and is currently our preferred technique.

Este artigo apresenta os elementos necessários para a compreensão do uso da Entrevista Motivacional Breve em usuários nocivos e dependentes de álcool através de uma revisão da literatura sobre sua estrutura metodológica e efetividade. O edstudo inclui a revisão e discussão sobre o uso desta abordagem no Brasil. Foram selecionados 18 estudos internacionais e nacionais e seus resultados foram discutidos a partir da apresentação de duas tabelas com os principais resultados. A Entrevista Motivacional Breve consiste numa abordagem eficaz para usuários nocivos e dependentes de álcool; possui uma metodologia prática e objetiva, que permite ser ela aplicada por qualquer profissional treinado, podendo ser utilizada sozinha, acoplada a outras técnicas ou mesmo como prelúdio, preparando uma base motivacional para outros tratamentos. No Brasil m ais pesquisas são necessárias para que se encontrem meios eficientes, eficazes e de baixo custo para tratar indivíduos que se encontrem e qualquer dos diferentes estágios desta doença.Este artículo presenta los elementos necesarios para la comprensión del uso de la Entrevista Motivacional Breve en usuarios nocivos y dependientes de Alcohol a través de una revisión de la literatura sobre la estructura de su metodología y efectividad. Este trabajo también incluye la revisión y discusión sobre el uso de este abordaje en Brasil. Fueron seleccionados 18 estudios internacionales y nacionales y sus resultados fueron discutidos a partir de la presentación de sus tablas con los principales resultados. La Entrevista Motivacional Breve consiste en un abordaje eficaz para usuarios nocivos y dependientes del alcohol, posee metodología práctica y objetiva que permite ser aplicada por cualquier profesional entrenado, podiendo ser utilizada sola, acoplada a otras técnicas o aun como preludio preparando una base motivacional para otros tratamientos. En Brasil más pesquisas son necesarias para que se encuentren medios eficientes, eficaces y de bajo costo para tratar a los individuos que se encuentran en los diferentes estadios de esta enfermedad.This article presents the necessary elements for the understanding of the use of the Brief Motivational Interviewing (BMI) in harmful users and alcohol dependents, through a literature revision about its methodological and effectiveness structure. This essay also includes the revision and discussion about this approach use in Brazil. Eighteen national and international studies have been selected and their results have been discussed from the presentation of two tables with the main results. The BMI consists of an efficient approach for the harmful users and alcohol dependent. It has a practical and objective methodology that permits to be applied by any trained Professional and it can be used alone or with other technics, or even as an overture that prepares for a motivational basis for other treatments. In Brazil more researches are necessary in order to find efficient and low costs means to treat the patients who are in different stages of this disease.

Porous carbons have received great attention because of their potential use as adsorbents, sensors, catalytic supports and others. Among the available methods for preparing these solids, the sequential templating emerges as an efficient way to tail carbon materials, with large specific surface areas, high porosity, controlled narrow pore size distribution and different functional groups. The template process is based on the infiltration of carbon precursors into the pores of inorganic frameworks. This work reviews the most important variables involved in the sequential template process to prepare micro, meso and macroporous carbon with tailored properties as well as their applications.

A interdisciplinaridade está presente na construção do Projeto Pedagógico do Curso de Odontologia (PPC), enquanto documento construído coletivamente para formação do cirurgião-dentista. Este estudo buscou caracterizar os atores e elementos norteadores na construção do projeto pedagógico do curso na Odontologia a partir da reflexão sobre a interdisciplinaridade. A metodologia utilizada o foi estudo de caso, método qualitativo para análise documental. Os dados foram tratados com o software webQDA 2.0.0, por análise temática. Encontrou-se como núcleos de sentido: diversificação de atores participantes e elementos pautados na flexibilidade, interdisciplinaridade, articulação teórico-prática, metodologia centrada no aluno, e avaliação. No entanto, a interdisciplinaridade abarca per se os demais elementos norteadores. Considera-se apesar do estudo de caso ser particularizado quanto a construção do PPC deste curso de Odontologia traça caminhos para sua avaliação e reavaliação, prioritariamente quanto a interdisciplinaridade, uma vez que implica tanto o envolvimento de todos os atores, quanto a articulação de todos os elementos no cumprimento da interdisciplinaridade.

A inserção das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs) no universo da atenção à saúde tem conduzido a mudanças de métodos de ensino e de processos na assistência, gerando também novos conceitos, com destaque para o de eSaúde. No início do século XXI um conjunto de inciativas para apoio ao uso das TICs nos diversos contextos da área da saúde passa a ganhar corpo no Brasil, tendo como destaques, o Telessaúde Brasil Redes, UNA-SUS (Universidade Aberta do SUS) e RUTE (Rede Universitária de Telemedicina). O foco desses programas se concentra no aperfeiçoamento contínuo dos profissionais com finalidades de atualização, capacitação técnica, cursos de aperfeiçoamento e discussão de casos clínicos na área da saúde. O movimento da utilização das TICs também tem progredido em direção a melhoria do processo de ensino e aprendizagem nos cursos de graduação, contudo ainda de forma limitada. Os recursos online e modelos de EAD que podem ser utilizados são muitos. Mas, ainda que várias instituições os ofereçam, há todo um entrono de planejamento educacional que precisa ser considerado. O papel da docência nesse contexto deve ser bem definido, para que as competências específicas para potencializar possíveis sucessos na utilização das TICs sejam desenvolvidas pelos docentes. Em uma análise com perspectiva institucional, evidencia-se a necessidade de estruturação de núcleos multiprofissionais como forma de apoio ao estudo, modelagem e implantação de estratégias e de programas que promovam uma utilização mais efetiva das TICs no cenário das ciências da saúde.

As incertezas e os riscos das doenças infecciosas vivenciados pela sociedade atual colocam à prova os sistemas de saúde, alterando o quadro sanitário internacional das populações. Para o avanço da integralidade da atenção à saúde são necessárias ações interdisciplinares para a compreensão dos problemas. Objetiva-se, aqui, mostrar a importância dos biólogos na saúde, discutir os riscos a que estão sujeitos, a importância da biossegurança no controle/prevenção desses riscos e a inserção do tema na graduação. Argumenta-se que os programas de educação em saúde promovem o conhecimento técnico-científico como único conhecimento válido sobre saúde, discordante de uma proposta interdisciplinar. É necessária, aos programas de educação, a formulação conceitual transdisciplinar para o desenvolvimento de conhecimentos contextualizados, que contribuirão para formar profissionais capazes de atuarem em contextos de risco. Espera-se contribuir para a reflexão da relevância da biossegurança na formação do biólogo, bem como para o desenvolvimento educacional comprometido com a construção de uma sociedade sustentável.

OBJETIVO: Analisar o resultado cirúrgico em portadores de transposição das grandes artérias com septo interventricular intacto, operados após o período neonatal. MÉTODOS: Entre janeiro de 1998 e março de 2004 foram atendidas 121 crianças com transposição das grandes artérias com septo interventricular intacto, sendo 29 (24%) após o período neonatal. A seleção para tratamento cirúrgico foi baseada na avaliação ecocardiográfica pelo cálculo da massa do ventrículo esquerdo e da configuração do septo interventricular. Das 29 crianças, 12 foram selecionadas para correção anatômica primária, 12 para correção em dois estágios, após preparo cirúrgico do ventrículo esquerdo e 5 submetidas a correção atrial. RESULTADOS: No grupo submetido à correção anatômica primária houve 1 (8,3%) óbito hospitalar por sepsis. No grupo de correção em dois estágios, 5 pacientes foram submetidos ao preparo lento, com correção 3-6 meses após o 1º estágio, ocorrendo 4 óbitos após o 1º estágio. Este fato determinou mudança no nosso protocolo, adotando-se a técnica de preparo rápido nos outros 7 pacientes, tendo todos atingido o 2º estágio. Das 8 crianças submetidas ao 2º estágio houve 1 óbito hospitalar e outro óbito tardio. A evolução clínica tardia das crianças de ambos os grupos é excelente. CONCLUSÃO: A seleção ecocardiográfica adequada da transposição de grandes artérias com septo interventricular intacto quando abordada após o período neonatal, permitiu uma orientação segura da escolha da melhor abordagem cirúrgica nestes pacientes.OBJECTIVE: To assess the surgical results in patients with transposition of the great arteries and intact ventricular septum undergoing surgery after the neonatal period. METHODS: From January 1998 to March 2004, 121 children with transposition of the great arteries with intact ventricular septum were treated, 29 (24%) of whom after the neonatal period. Selection for surgical treatment was based on echocardiographic assessment by use of the calculation of left ventricular mass and configuration of the ventricular septum. Of the 29 children, 12 were selected for primary anatomic correction, 12 for 2-stage correction after surgical preparation of the left ventricle, and 5 underwent atrial correction. RESULTS: In the group undergoing primary anatomic correction, one (8.3%) patient died at the hospital due to sepsis. In the group undergoing 2-stage correction, 5 patients underwent slow preparation with correction 3-6 months after the first stage, 4 of whom died after the first stage. This fact caused a change in our protocol, with adoption of the rapid preparation technique in the other 7 patients, of whom all achieved the second stage. Of the 8 children undergoing the second stage, one died at the hospital and another died later. Late clinical evolution of the children in both groups is excellent. CONCLUSION: The echocardiographic selection allowed a safe choice of the best surgical approach for patients with transposition of the great arteries and intact ventricular septum after the neonatal period.

OBJETIVO: Apresentar os resultados do tratamento da síndrome de hipoplasia do coração esquerdo (SHCE) com técnica de Norwood modificada, na qual somente são usados tecidos autólogos para a reconstrução do arco aórtico. MÉTODO: De janeiro a dezembro de 2002, cinco recém-nascidos com idade variando de dois a nove dias (média 5,0 dias) foram submetidos a operação de Norwood modificada. O diâmetro da aorta ascendente variou de 5 a 8 mm (média 6,2 mm). Foi empregada técnica na qual o arco aórtico e seus ramos foram amplamente dissecados, permitindo a reconstrução de um novo arco aórtico tendo a artéria pulmonar como via de saída, e com a utilização exclusiva de tecidos do próprio paciente. Anastomose sistêmico-pulmonar com politetrafluoretileno expandido de 3,0 mm foi utilizada em três pacientes e de 3,5 mm em dois pacientes. Todos foram operados com parada cardiocirculatória total. RESULTADOS: O tempo de parada cardiocirculatória variou de 41 a 60 minutos (média 52,8 minutos). Todas as crianças sobreviveram ao ato operatório e foram encaminhadas para a unidade de terapia intensiva com o esterno aberto. Ocorreu um óbito no 9: dia de pós-operatório por sepse, o que resultou numa taxa de sobrevivência imediata de 80%. Ocorreu um óbito tardio por pneumonia de aspiração aos dois meses. Uma criança foi submetida ao segundo estágio da operação (cavo pulmonar) e encontra-se bem. Duas crianças estão em acompanhamento aguardando o próximo estágio. Em nenhuma delas existem evidências de obstrução do novo arco aórtico. CONCLUSÃO: A técnica de Norwood modificada mostrou-se eficaz e com risco cirúrgico aceitável para o tratamento da SHCE, sem evidências de obstrução do arco aórtico reconstruído.OBJECTIVE: To show current results of a modified Norwood procedure, where only autologous tissues are used in the reconstruction of the new aortic arch. METHOD: Between January and December of 2002, five neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome underwent the modified Norwood operation. Their ages ranged from two to nine days and their weight from 2.5 to 3.7 kg. The mean diameter of the ascending aorta was 6.2 mm. The surgical technique described by FRASER and MEE was employed using exclusively autologous tissue to achieve aortic arch reconstruction. RESULTS: The systemic-pulmonary shunt was perfomed with a 3.0 mm PTFE graft in three patients and with 3.5 mm graft in the other two. Deep hypothermic and circulatory arrest were used in all patients with CP bypass time ranging from 128 to 212 minutes (mean: 154) and circulatory arrest from 41-60 min (mean: 52). There were no intraoperative deaths and all patients underwent delayed sternal closure. There was one postoperative death (9th day) caused by sepsis. There was one death two months after discharge cause by aspiration and pneumonia. One child underwent a 2-direcional Glenn and the other two are still waiting for the second stage. CONCLUSION: After this initial experience with this modified Norwood operation we think this is an excellent alternative to correct hypoplastic left heart syndrome in neonates.

A prática docente demanda o conhecimento de como o indivíduo aprende, como se origina e se desenvolve o aprendizado e como se transforma em experiência significativa de aprendizagem. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar as concepções teóricas sobre o processo de aprendizagem dos indivíduos e sua relação com as abordagens pedagógicas adotadas nos modelos de cursos de graduação. Nesse sentido, os modelos pedagógicos foram agrupados de forma sintetizada, em modelos que se distinguem por estarem centrados no professor; no estudante; no saber; no meio de comunicação ou na técnica; no contexto social e na interação. Foram apresentadas algumas das principais vertentes discutidas na área da Psicologia do Desenvolvimento Humano, que influenciaram as tendências pedagógicas, como a Inatista, a Ambientalista/Behaviorista, e as Interacionistas. Discute a necessidade das práticas educativas serem conceitualmente fundamentadas.

FUNDAMENTOS: A operação de Jatene é a técnica de escolha para correção da transposição das grandes artérias (TGA). A estenose da via de saída do ventrículo direto é a principal complicação encontrada no pós-operatório destas crianças. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar os resultados obtidos em uma série de pacientes portadores de TGA submetidos a operação de Jatene, nos quais a reconstrução da artéria pulmonar (AP) foi realizada com dois remendos de pericárdio autólogo, procurando-se preservar ao máximo a parede aórtica nativa. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: No período de Janeiro de 1998 a Fevereiro de 2000, foram operadas consecutivamente 52 crianças portadoras de TGA (38 TGA simples/14 TGA + CIV) pela técnica de Jatene, com idade variando de 3 dias a 17 meses (m=30,3 dias). Houve predomínio do sexo masculino (n=30 ou 57,7%) e peso variou de 2,400 kg a 7,400 kg (m=3,377 kg). Todos os pacientes foram operados com CEC em hipotermia moderada, normofluxo e com dose única de cardioplegia sangüínea para proteção miocárdica. O tempo médio de CEC foi de 110,6 min e o tempo médio de pinçamento aórtico de 72,5 min. A transferência coronária foi realizada em "botão", retirando-se o mínimo possível de parede aórtica nativa. A reconstrução foi realizada com dois remendos de pericárdio autólogo, ampliando-se a neo-artéria pulmonar. A avaliação da técnica foi feita através de estudo ecocardiográfico em 20 crianças com seguimento pós-operatório superior a 5 meses(m=12,7 meses). RESULTADOS: Houve 3 (5,8%) óbitos hospitalares, sendo 2 causados por infecção pulmonar (16º e 29º DPO) e 1 por obstrução do tubo endotraqueal (8º DPO). Em todos os casos a técnica foi efetiva para ampliação da neopulmonar, mesmo nos casos de TGA + CIV com importante desproporção dos vasos. O estudo ecocardiográfico pós-operatório apresentou evidências de estenose pulmonar supravalvar em apenas 1 (5%) criança e evidência de crescimento uniforme da AP em todas as outras. CONCLUSÃO: A técnica de reconstrução da AP, preservando-se ao máximo a parede aórtica nativa foi capaz de igualar as artérias mesmo na presença de desproporção significativa, além de propiciar resultados hemodinâmicos satisfatórios em período de até 2 anos de evolução pós-operatória.