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We investigated the ecohydraulic effects of a recently implemented hydropeaking mitigation measure in the Upper Noce Stream (NE Italy, Italian Alps), which also allows for additional hydropower production. The Upper Noce, a 3rd order gravel-bed stream, was affected since the mid-1920s by storage hydropower production and associated hydropeaking. The mitigation measure consisted in the diversion of most of the released hydropeaks into a sequence of three newly-installed, cascading run-of-the-river power plants, fed by a penstock running almost parallel to the former hydropeaking reach. The hydropeaking-diversion mitigation measure markedly reduced hydropeaking on a 10-km stream reach, and hydropeaking is now released immediately upstream the confluence with a major free-flowing tributary, which increases the hydropeaking baseflow. The flow regime in the mitigated reach shifted from hydropeaking-dominated to baseflow-dominated regime in winter, with flow variability represented only by snowmelt and rainfall in late spring and summer. We applied two sets of indicators (the Hydropeaking Indicators HP1, HP2 and the COSH method) and conducted a simplified hydraulic analysis of the hydropeaking wave propagation. We assessed the ecological effects of the mitigation measure using three complementary data sources: the analysis of (a) the benthic and (b) hyporheic invertebrate communities, based on datasets collected before and after the implementation of the diversion measure, and (c) ancillary data monitored by the diversion plant manager for required environmental monitoring, which included the suspended sediment regime and the Extended Biotic Index, measured yearly from the year before to the four subsequent years after the implementation of the mitigation measure.Three main changes in eco-hydraulic processes associated with hydropeaking mitigation were detected. i) The flow regime in the mitigated reach changed to a residual flow type, with much less frequent residual hydropeaks, with an average two-fold increase in downramping rates that were recorded downstream the junction with a major tributary. ii) The functional composition of the macrobenthic communities shifted slightly in response to flow mitigation, but the taxonomic composition did not recover to conditions typical of more natural flow regimes. This was likely due to the reduced dilution of pollutants and resulting slight worsening in water quality. iii) The hyporheic communities conversely showed an increase in diversity and abundance of interstitial taxa, especially in the sites most affected by hydropeaking, and this effect was likely due to changes in the interstitial space availability, brought by an alteration of the previous time-space pattern of fine sediment transport, which eventually resulted in reduction of fine sediments clogging of the gravel bed interstices.Besides illustrating a feasible hydropeaking mitigation option for Alpine streams, this work suggests the importance of monitoring both benthic and hyporheic communities, together with the flow and sediment supply regimes, and physico-chemical water quality parameters, for carefully detecting changes in eco-hydraulic processes associated with hydropeaking mitigation that may not be fully expected in the design phase.

Hydropeaking has received increasing attention in the last years, but many knowledge gaps remain, potentially hampering effective policy and management efforts in rivers under such type of hydropower production. In this study, we collected open hydropeaking research questions from over 200 experts in river science, practice, and policy across the globe using an online survey available in five languages. We used a systematic method of determining expert consensus (Delphi method) to identify 100 core questions related to the following thematic fields: (i) hydrology, (ii) physico-chemical properties of water, (iii) river morphology and sedimentology, (iv) ecology and biology, (v) socio-economics and energy markets, (vi) policy and regulation, as well as (vii) management and mitigation measures. The consensus list of questions shall inform and guide researchers in focusing their efforts to foster a better science-policy interface, thereby improving the sustainability of peak-operating hydropower in a variety of settings.

Objectives: Since Pediatric Palliative Care is based on holistic and comprehensive care for pediatric patients and their families, Physical Education is an essential health area for complete interdisciplinary care. Therefore, the objective of this article is to reflect on the insertion of the Physical Education Professional in Pediatric Palliative Care. Methods: This is a critical literature review. A theoretical and documentary research was carried out, based on the bibliographic survey in files available in the MEDLINE (via Pubmed) and SciELO databases in the last 5 years. A secondary capture was carried out from the references of the selected articles, in addition to the addition of the authors experience. Residência Pediátrica; 2023: Ahead of Print DOI: 10.25060/residpediatr-2023-877 Nota aos leitores: pode haver informações pendentes, por se tratar de um artigo em “visualização pré-publicação”. Results: Only 4 articles were selected in the main search, with an addition of 1 article in the secondary capture. As much as some studies suggest that increased physical activity can alleviate some symptoms, there is still a lack of robust evidence related to children. The strategies used by Physical Education Professionals must take into account the environment and the patients clinical status. The relevance of plays and games, even in the hospital setting, has been increasingly studied. Conclusions: Physical Education is an area of ??health that envisions the integrality of care, considering the inseparability of actions, both promotional and preventive, treatment and rehabilitation, which are essential aspects in Pediatric Palliative Care. Important gaps are still found, which must be addressed by education and research.

Stammericaris similior sp. nov. is described combining light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and genetic barcoding. The new species was collected from rimstone pools in Scrivilleri Cave, a cave in Sicily with so far unexplored microcrustacean fauna. The new species is particularly interesting because it is morphologically very similar to Stammericaris destillans, an epikarstic parastenocaridid endemic to a different Sicilian cave; however, the phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial COI gene of sixteen parastenocaridids shows that these two Stammericaris are two distinct species, with an uncorrected p-distance of 22.9, and the sequences of Stammericaris similior sp. nov. cluster together in a well-supported monophyletic clade, with two different haplotypes. To our knowledge, the presence of different species of almost identical morphology had not been recorded before for the genus Stammericaris. The integrated molecular and morphological analysis, the latter conducted with the support of SEM, allows disentangling the affinities of the new species and identifying a few distinctive characters: the males of the new species are characterized by the caudal rami shorter than the anal somite; the morphology of the P3, which is thin and slightly arched, with three proximal spinules on exp-1; the peculiar structure of the P4 enp; the P4 basis ornamented with two spinules of different length, the one closest to the endopod being the shortest one, and a half-moon shaped lamella. The new species differs from S. destillans for its larger size, the presence of: three spinules, instead of two, on the P3 exp-1; the half-moon shaped lamella on the P4 basis; a row of spinules along the inner margin of P4 exp-1. We also provide data on the ecology and distribution of the new species, a list of the other copepod species collected, and a dichotomic key for the males of all species presently assigned to the genus.

Rivers are increasingly recognised as active players in the global carbon cycle. They are able to transport, transform, and exchange organic matter, and can emit considerable fluxes of greenhouse gases (e.g., CO2) into the atmosphere, with a magnitude comparable to the global carbon input to the oceans. However, the quantification of these processes is still affected by considerable uncertainties, driven by an incomplete understanding of the interplay between physical, geochemical, and biological parameters, and by a lack of spatially and temporally resolved high-quality data. For instance, and despite a potentially strong impact on kilometres of rivers worldwide, the effects of hydropeaking on riverine CO2 emissions have been almost completely neglected until recently (Calamita et al., Unaccounted CO2 leaks downstream of a large tropical hydroelectric reservoir, PNAS 2020). As a contribution to filling this knowledge gap, we present the results of a field-measurement campaign performed in a single-thread Alpine river (River Noce, Italy) during multiple hydropeaking events. Data of water-dissolved CO2, water temperature, and flow discharge, were collected sub-hourly both downstream and upstream of the outlets of a hydropower plant, revealing a complex pattern of variation in time at both locations. Water released from the hydropower plant during hydropeaking had oversaturated CO2 concentrations relative to the atmosphere, in close agreement with water samples collected in the hypolimnion of the upstream reservoir. Higher flow rates during hydropeaking events were associated with higher rates of gas exchange through the water-air interface. Higher exchange rates and higher CO2 concentrations in water during hydropeaking events enhanced CO2 fluxes, as confirmed by measurements with a floating CO2 flux chamber. Meanwhile, the CO2 concentration upstream of the outlets displayed strong diel fluctuations around the atmospheric equilibrium concentration, which were likely driven by primary production within the residual flow during the day. It is shown that the residual flow can have a previously unacknowledged added value as a CO2 sink during the day, fueled by its biological activity. Hydropower releases bypassed the residual flow and discharged hypolimnetic water oversaturated with CO2 at high flow rates during hydropeaking, offsetting CO2 concentration and fluxes downstream of the outlets and increasing emissions on average. These results highlight the ubiquity of hydropeaking impacts also with respect to greenhouse gas emissions. They illustrate the complexity of the riverine carbon cycle and demonstrate the importance of temporally and spatially-resolved data for the accurate assessment of the riverine carbon balance.

O descomissionamento e encerramento das atividades em aterros controlados e lixões, embora almejado, gera grande preocupação a todos os países. Além do enorme passivo ambiental, a produção constante de subprodutos continua a impactar o ambiente mesmo depois do encerramento das atividades nesses locais. Com os avanços tecnológicos, ferramentas importantes foram desenvolvidas visando não somente a remediação, mas também a recuperação dessas áreas e dos subprodutos gerados por ela. O lixiviado emitido por aterros, além de conter níveis significativos de poluentes, gera um custo elevado para ser devidamente armazenado e tratado. Algumas alternativas sustentáveis para seu tratamento se destacaram, uma delas é a fitorremediação utiliza plantas e sua microbiota associada na remoção de poluentes da água e do solo. Trata-se de uma tecnologia de baixo custo, pouca mão de obra, com resultados satisfatórios, abarca um ramo de contaminantes numeroso, atua tanto nos quesitos ambientais, como os sociais e econômicos. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma síntese de estudos acerca da fitorremediação em lixiviado de aterros controlados e lixões visando a recuperação ambiental. O presente trabalho apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica de artigos sobre fitorremediação em áreas de aterros indexados na Principal Coleção do “Web of Science” no período de 2005 a 2020. A análise bibliográfica demonstrou o enorme potencial da técnica relatando uma grande diversidade de espécies, entretanto muitos trabalhos focam em plantas já amplamente conhecidas como Populus sp, Salix sp., e as macrófitas Eichhornia crassipes e Typha latifólia. Foi observada uma diversidade ampla de poluentes tratados, porém a maioria desses são comuns a diversas áreas contaminadas, não apenas as áreas de aterro. Foi observada a necessidade de estudos com maior diversidade de espécies vegetais, visando inclusive a utilização de espécies nativas com potencial fitorremediador já relatado em outros trabalhos.

We describe a new harpacticoid, Stammericaris remotaepatriae sp. nov., collected from the hyporheic habitat of a stream in Nantucket, MA, USA. The new species is characterized by the size of the caudal rami of both sexes, which are shorter than the anal somite, by the morphology and armature of the P3 and, mainly, by the P4 endopod of males, represented by a curved plate with a strongly bifid tip, the distal proximal outgrowth of the distal margin spiniform and denticled, the proximal outgrowth missing. The study of the new species allowed us to review the systematic position of Parastenocaris palmerae Reid, 1992, which we transferred to Stammericaris Jakobi, 1972 as Stammericaris palmerae (Reid, 1992) comb. nov., based mainly on the structure of the male P4 endopod complex and the setation of the caudal rami. We also discussed the taxonomic position and affinities of Parastenocaris trichelata Reid, 1955, suggesting that this species is related to the two former ones for a set of diagnostic features, but can not be attributed to the genus due to the peculiar morphology of the male P4 endopod complex; P. trichelata is therefore considered species inquirenda. We also discussed Parastenocaris sp. 1 and Parastenocaris sp. 3, two taxa only partially described and drawn in Strayer (1988). In fact, Parastenocaris sp. 1 can be related to Stammericaris and might represent a third species of the genus in the Nearctic region. Remarkably, the structure of the male P4 endopod of Parastenocaris sp. 3 is typical of Proserpinicaris Jakobi, 1972; this hypothetical assignment of the species to Proserpinicaris, if confirmed, would be of relevant taxonomic and biogeographic value. Finally, we provide an updated distribution map of the genus Stammericaris and brief remarks on the faunistic and ecological characteristics of the taxa presented and discussed in this paper.

O fenômeno da democratização da moda tem alimentado uma cadeia de consumo insustentável, que acaba por se transformar em lixo, em curto espaço de tempo. Esse mesmo lixo, de difícil reciclagem pelos altos custos e materiais sintéticos, causa prejuízos ambientais e sociais. O deserto do Atacama, no Chile, abriga um cemitério de roupas a céu aberto, consequência da atividade da Zona Franca do porto de Iquique. O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar os principais fatores que contribuem para que o deserto do Atacama, no Chile, abrigue um dos maiores lixões têxteis do planeta. Os objetivos específicos são: apresentar os processos comerciais que deixam resíduos têxteis no porto de Iquique e os motivos que levam a gestão local à não destinação dos resíduos têxteis para processos de reciclagem; relatar os principais impactos ambientais causados pelo lixão têxtil do Atacama, no Chile. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados foram as revisões bibliográficas e de literatura, com análise de conteúdo sob o viés qualitativo e criação de infográfico para maior compreensão dos processos alinhados à constituição do lixão têxtil do Atacama. Conclui-se que a falta de legislação apropriada e de fiscalização das autoridades vinculadas ao meio ambiente contribuem para a insustentabilidade desta situação no Chile.

O resíduo de equipamento eletroeletrônico (REEE) é reconhecido como o de maior fluxo crescente de resíduos perigosos no mundo atualmente. Os trabalhadores do setor informal desempenham um papel central nesta cadeia onde tal resíduos são coletados, reciclados e/ou comercializados. Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a inserção social dos catadores de REEE e a informalidade deste setor, em Agbogbloshie, Acra-Gana, onde encontra-se o maior lixão de REEE do mundo que, a partir de importação e da Cooperação Internacional recebe computadores e aparelhos EEE de segunda mão, de nações desenvolvidas e ONGs. Estes EEEs têm vida útil muito curta e acabam sendo descartados como REEE. Como metodologia para este trabalho utilizou-se a pesquisa exploratória, descritiva e como instrumentos aplicou-se um questionário a 30 catadores no lixão de Agbogbloshie e, entrevistas semiestruturadas: com 10 coletores de sucata, 5 revendedores de sucata, 1 coordenador responsável da Divisão de Gerenciamento de Resíduos Sólidos da Assembleia Metropolitana de Acra e, 1 coordenador responsável pelos REEE da empresa Zoomlion Ghana Limited. A omissão dos governos, em dar condições de trabalho e o reconhecimento aos catadores dos REEE gera risco de saúde e de subsistência no lixão. Os REEEs têm metais altamente valiosos, materiais secundários que podem ser recuperados através da mineração urbana e tem substâncias tóxicas perigosas que contaminam os trabalhadores e o meio ambiente, por isso a sua regulamentação é muito importante para buscar o bem-estar dos trabalhadores da linha de frente. Conclui-se que os catadores estão incluídos no sistema dos REEE, mas de maneira perversa, no elo mais frágil da cadeia produtiva. Eles atuam nas diferentes atividades desta cadeia, impulsionando o mercado da reciclagem dos REEE e a economia, mas, socialmente, estão excluídos dos programas sociais como a educação, a saúde, a moradia e a previdência social.

Background Food allergy (FA) is a growing health problem worldwide. Effective strategies are advocated to limit the disease burden. Human milk (HM) could be considered as a protective factor against FA, but its mechanisms remain unclear. Butyrate is a gut microbiota‐derived metabolite able to exert several immunomodulatory functions. We aimed to define the butyrate concentration in HM, and to see whether the butyrate concentration detected in HM is able to modulate the mechanisms of immune tolerance. Methods HM butyrate concentration from 109 healthy women was assessed by GS‐MS. The effect of HM butyrate on tolerogenic mechanisms was assessed in in vivo and in vitro models. Results The median butyrate concentration in mature HM was 0.75 mM. This butyrate concentration was responsible for the maximum modulatory effects observed in all experimental models evaluated in this study. Data from mouse model show that in basal condition, butyrate up‐regulated the expression of several biomarkers of gut barrier integrity, and of tolerogenic cytokines. Pretreatment with butyrate significantly reduced allergic response in three animal models of FA, with a stimulation of tolerogenic cytokines, inhibition of Th2 cytokines production and a modulation of oxidative stress. Data from human cell models show that butyrate stimulated human beta defensin‐3, mucus components and tight junctions expression in human enterocytes, and IL‐10, IFN‐γ and FoxP3 expression through epigenetic mechanisms in PBMCs from FA children. Furthermore, it promoted the precursors of M2 macrophages, DCs and regulatory T cells. Conclusion The study's findings suggest the importance of butyrate as a pivotal HM compound able to protect against FA., Human milk contains a significant level of the short‐chain fatty acid butyrate. At concentration detectable in human milk, butyrate effectively modulates several tolerogenic mechanisms involved in the protection against food allergy. The protective role of human milk against food allergy could be related, at least in part, to the presence of an effective concentration of butyrate

As trabalhadoras catadoras de materiais recicláveis são fundamentais na promoção de ações sustentáveis para a proteção do meio ambiente, apesar de viverem num cenário de precarização da vida. Diante disso, este artigo tem como objetivo compreender o contexto de vida e o cuidado em saúde dessas mulheres na lida cotidiana. Este estudo revela o universo dessas trabalhadoras informais organizadas em uma associação com sede em Ceilândia (DF). Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com as catadoras, sendo complementada pela observação de suas atividades cotidianas no galpão de triagem de materiais recicláveis. Os achados apontam para questões marcantes relativas a: precariedade do trabalho na lógica da reestruturação produtiva do capital; opressões das mulheres na perspectiva interseccional de raça, gênero e classe; as dificuldades do acesso aos serviços oficiais de saúde. Especialmente, é discutido também as experiências relacionadas à assistência à saúde e à rede popular de compartilhamento do cuidado como forma de resistência. Palavras-chave: Trabalho. Catadoras de materiais recicláveis. Sociabilidades. Saúde.

Este artigo apresenta os principais avanços, assim como os retrocessos técnicos e político-institucionais nas duas décadas de vigência da Política Nacional de Educação Ambiental – PNEA. Para tanto, foi feita pesquisa intensiva na ferramenta Google Acadêmico, em artigos, teses, dissertações e em outras publicações sobre educação ambiental e sobre suas políticas públicas, desenvolvidas entre 1999 e 2019. Observou-se uma tendência crescente de publicações com esse conteúdo no período (r²= 0,9594) de 1999 a 2019, mas um forte declínio em 2019. Todavia, preveem-se mudanças significativas nos planos, programas e projetos desenvolvidos pelo MMA e pelo MEC, seus órgãos gestores, devido às mudanças político-administrativas em desenvolvimento pelo governo federal (2019-2022).

Rotavirus is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in young children. Bacillus clausii (B. clausii) is a spore-forming probiotic that is able to colonize the gut. A mixture of four B. clausii strains (O/C, T, SIN and N/R) is commonly used for the treatment of AGE, and it has been demonstrated that it can reduce the duration and severity of diarrhea in children with AGE. Few studies have sought to characterize the mechanisms responsible for such beneficial effects. Intestinal effects of probiotics are likely to be strain-specific. We conducted a series of in vitro experiments investigating the activities of this mixture of B. clausii strains on biomarkers of mucosal barrier integrity and immune function in a cellular model of Rotavirus infection. B. clausii protected enterocytes against Rotavirus-induced decrease in trans-epithelial electrical resistance, and up-regulated expression of mucin 5AC and tight junction proteins (occludin and zonula occludens-1), all of which are important for effective mucosal barrier function. B. clausii also inhibited reactive oxygen species production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-8 and interferon-β) in Rotavirus-infected cells, and down-regulated pro-inflammatory Toll-like receptor 3 pathway gene expression. Such mechanisms likely contributed to the observed protective effects of B. clausii against reduced cell proliferation and increased apoptosis in Rotavirus-infected enterocytes.

Waste pickers are placed in a context of vulnerability. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to understand the working conditions and the health situation of waste pickers who work in an association located in the city of Ceilândia in the Federal District. This is a qualitative study that used the ethnographic approach. The densely applied techniques were semi-structured interviews and informal conversations, as well as participant observation of the workplace. The results show that the pickers experience complex social contexts regarding their working condition, which causes damage to their physical and psychological health. The reality of daily life shows that the work could be developed with more dignity, if the public power had focused attention to meet the needs of these subjects. Moreover, they are totally helpless, resisting the contexts of poverty, the daily situations of gender inequality, the stereotypes of occupation and unemployment. The life, work and health contexts of waste pickers have specific peculiarities inherent in being waste pickers in capitalist society. For this reason, to survive in the midst of the diseases and health problems naturally produced by the daily life of the occupation, added to this the totally precarious working conditions, make being scavengers resistant subjects to inequalities, especially women scavengers.

An increase in the demand for renewable energy is driving hydropower development and its integration with variable renewable energy sources. When hydropower is produced flexibly from hydropower plants, it causes rapid and frequent artificial flow fluctuations in rivers, a phenomenon known as hydropeaking. Hydropeaking and associated hydrological alterations cause multiple impacts on riverine habitats with cascading effects on ecosystem functioning and structure. Given the significance of its ecological and socio-economic implications, mitigation of hydropeaking requires an inter- and transdisciplinary approach. An interdisciplinary network called HyPeak has been conceived to enrich international research initiatives and support hydropower planning and policy. HyPeak has been founded based on exchange and networking activities linking scientists from several countries where hydropeaking has been widespread for decades and numerous studies dedicated to the topic have been carried out. HyPeak aims to integrate members from other countries and continents in which hydropower production plays a relevant role, and grow to be a reference group that provides expert advice on the topic to policy-makers, as well as researchers, stakeholders, and practitioners in the field of hydropeaking.

Este artigo aborda as experiências das catadoras de materiais recicláveis diante das implicações provocadas pela pandemia da COVID-19 em uma associação no Distrito Federal (DF). O objetivo principal foi compreender a situação de vida precária das mulheres catadoras inseridas em uma desigualdade sistêmica e institucional do capitalismo. Para tanto, foi realizada uma etnografia que combinou técnicas de observação, interação e escuta (conversas informais e entrevistas semiestruturadas). Através disso, permitiu-se o acompanhamento do cotidiano de vida dessas mulheres, desde a instauração de uma das maiores crises sanitária da humanidade até o período do retorno às atividades laborais. Os resultados revelaram que as catadoras estão inseridas na lógica de precarização da vida, sendo que as condições foram agravadas com a chegada do novo coronavírus quando aumentou a vulnerabilidade relacionada ao vínculo de trabalho informal, a insalubridade e os riscos à saúde inerentes à ocupação e às dificuldades de acesso aos serviços de saúde e assistência social. O contexto mostra uma lida complexa relacionada ao medo do desemprego, às dificuldades e às barreiras do ingresso no mercado de trabalho e de manutenção da própria subsistência. Sobretudo, isso agravou-se de forma mais intensa diante da ausência de políticas e programas voltados para elas: o Estado fez pouco para a redução dos impactos da pandemia em suas vidas. Assim, a crise sanitária instaurada refletiu a fragilidade delas em face ao ciclo da reciclagem. Este fato demonstra a necessidade urgente de ações governamentais que abarquem esse grupo social tanto no momento da pandemia quanto pós-pandemia da COVID-19, visando superar a invisibilidade social.

Women who recyclable waste pickers show potent ways of caring in their daily lives regarding the implications of the pandemic of the new coronavirus. This article has as main objective to understand the implications and dilemmas experienced these workers in a moment of sanitary crisis caused by the pandemic of COVID-19. They live in the urban periphery of Ceilândia, in the Federal District. From an ethnography perspective, we followed the community reality of these women when they showed us a complex deal in the midst of marks of insufficient lack of assistance in public policies and violence by the State in the popular strata. These women have been producing self-managed practices of collective struggle and community protagonism. They triggered community social support networks in the territories, seeking to minimize the effects caused by the difficulties that already exist and are currently more compromised due to the pandemic of COVID-19. At the same time, these practices are a denunciation of the violations they are suffering., Las mujeres que recolectan materiales reciclables muestran potentes formas de cuidar en su vida diaria con respecto a las implicaciones de la nueva pandemia de coronavirus. Este artículo tiene como principal objetivo comprender las implicaciones y los dilemas que viven las trabajadoras en un momento de crisis sanitaria provocada por la pandemia del COVID-19 en la periferia urbana de Ceilândia, en el Distrito Federal. Desde um enfoque etnografico, seguimos la realidad comunitaria de estas mujeres cuando nos mostraron un trato complejo en medio de marcas de insuficiente desasistencia en políticas públicas y violencia por parte del Estado en los estratos populares. Estas mujeres vienen produciendo prácticas autogestionadas de lucha colectiva y protagonismo comunitario. Activaron redes de apoyo social comunitario en los territorios, buscando minimizar los efectos provocados por las dificultades que ya existen y que actualmente están más comprometidas por la pandemia del COVID-19. Al mismo tiempo, estas prácticas son una denuncia de las violaciones que están sufriendo., As mulheres catadoras de materiais recicláveis mostram maneiras potentes de cuidado na lida cotidiana referentes às implicações da pandemia do novo coronavírus. Este artigo tem como objetivo principal compreender as implicações e os dilemas vividos pelas trabalhadoras em um momento de crise sanitária provocada pela pandemia da COVID-19 na periferia urbana de Ceilândia, no Distrito Federal. A partir de uma abordagem etnográfica, acompanhamos a realidade comunitária dessas mulheres quando elas nos mostraram uma lida complexa em meio a marcas das insuficientes políticas públicas e a violência por parte do Estado nas camadas populares. Essas mulheres vêm produzindo práticas autogestadas da luta coletiva e do protagonismo comunitário. Acionaram redes comunitárias de apoio social nos territórios, buscando minimizar os efeitos provocados pelas dificuldades já existentes e atualmente mais comprometidas em virtude da pandemia da COVID-19. Ao mesmo tempo, essas práticas são uma denúncia às violações que estão sofrendo.

We propose and describe a new genus of interstitial Paramesochridae, Maliithipon gen. nov., to accommodate three species. Maliithipon wellsi sp. nov., type species of the genus, is described based on specimens collected in two sandy beaches in Isla Verde, the Philippines. Apodopsyllus aberrans Mielke, 1984a described from Panama, is allocated to the herein erected genus as Maliithipon aberrans (Mielke, 1984a) comb. nov. Maliithipon cf. aberrans is described, based on specimens collected in the Azores and previously identified as Apodopsyllus aberrans. The new genus is characterized by several distinct morphological features: mandible with uniramous, 2-segmented palp and gnathobase with thin and pointed teeth; maxillule with reduced armature, lacking endopod and exopod; maxilla large, with three syncoxal endites and endopod with reduced setal number; P5 very reduced in both sexes; caudal rami with six setae, two of which (setae III and VI) transformed; pseudoperculum well-developed, with four-lobed distal margin. The new genus is included in the subfamily Paramesochrinae Lang, 1944 and in the genus-group Scottopsyllus (sensu Huys, 1987). It has strong affinities with Leptopsyllus (Leptopsyllus) platyspinosus Mielke, 1984b and Wellsopsyllus (Intermediopsyllus) smirnovi (Kunz, 1992), which are considered as species inquirendae in this paper. Some remarks on the ecology and geonemy of the three studied species are provided. We also list the accompanying Paramesochridae obtained from the two new collecting sites of the genus, and all the genera of Paramesochridae recorded from other sites in the Philippines during the same survey.

Human skin is colonized by diverse commensal microbes, making up the skin microbiota (SM), contributing to skin integrity and homeostasis. Many of the beneficial effects aroused by the SM are exerted by microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including butyric acid. The SCFAs can be used in cosmetic formulations against skin diseases to protect SM by preserving and/or restoring their natural balance. Unpleasant sensorial properties and unfavorable physico-chemical properties of butyrate strongly limit its cosmetic use. In contrast, some butyrate derivatives, including phenylalanine butyramide (C13H18N2O2, FBA), a solid form of butyric acid, are odorless while retaining the pharmacokinetic properties and safety profile of butyric acid. This study assessed the FBA’s permeation across the skin and its soothing and anti-reddening potential to estimate its cosmetic application. The dosage method used to estimate FBA’s levels was validated to be sure of analytical results. The FBA diffusion tests were estimated in vitro using a Franz-type vertical diffusion cell. The soothing action was evaluated in vivo by Colorimeter CL400, measuring the erythema index. The results suggest that the FBA represents an innovative way to exploit the benefits of butyric acid in the cosmetic fields since it cannot reach the bloodstream, is odorless, and has a significative soothing action (decrease the erythema index −15.7% after 30′, and −17.8% after 60′).