Search

New urban greening practices are increasingly adopted to contrast and mitigate critical issues of urban areas. These strategies involve nature-inspired solutions to increase sustainability and restore natural processes in cities. In this framework, green walls play a pivotal role to reintroduce nature and provide both environmental and socio-cultural benefits in high densely cities. Despite green walls contribute to increase the aesthetic value of buildings and people's consideration of the area, methodologies to effectively assess their social benefits are still lacking.This study proposes a place-based approach to investigate the Restorative capacity of two outdoor green walls: a modular living walls system covering two facades of a public university building in Turin (Italy) and a plastic planter boxes based living wall located in an inner courtyard of a cultural centre in Lisbon (Portugal). Firstly, the two living walls were characterised through direct observation considering technical, spatial, and social aspects that influence the fruition and the biophilic perception of these public spaces. Then, a self-rating questionnaire based on the Perceived Restorativeness Scale model was given on-site to participants to investigate the influence of green walls on people's cognitive perception and well-being. The novel Green Wall Perceived Restorativeness Scale consists of 17 items that evaluate individuals' perceptions of green walls, emphasising their attractiveness, integrative role in the environment and contribution to the overall appeal and comfort of space. Similar results between sites suggest that common features such as development at maximum building height, symmetrical disposition, element repetition and plant variety are drivers of citizens perception of green walls. Outcomes support the recognised link between citizens aesthetic appreciation of green walls and their perceived sense of comfort and mental relief, related to the Being away factor. The spontaneous social gathering and citizens resting near both green walls creates evidence of the attractiveness of this nature-based solution as a landmark in the urban environment. These conclusions demonstrate the pivotal role of urban biophilic design to combine natural and artificial elements in architectural and landscape design creating an opportunity to increase the use of green walls to contribute to citizens well-being in urban settings.

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is an energy-efficient technology that converts biomass with high moisture content, such as lignocellulosic material and aquatic biomass, into bio-oil which can be used as a precursor in the production of renewable biofuels. The current state of technology is mostly at a laboratory scale with relatively low Technology Readiness Levels (TRL). Most HTL research takes place in batch reaction systems, but there is growing interest in scaling up the technology through the use of continuous units. The process is influenced by several factors and operational parameters, which affect the performance of the process in terms of production and bio-oil quality. HTL is highly dependent on the type of biomass used. The main advantages in relation to other thermochemical processes is the possibility of using wet biomass, avoiding the high cost of the drying process. In this work several types of biomasses were studied, different types of micro algae (i. e. Spirulina, Chlorella Vulgaris, algae grown in industrial effluents), and grass. Growing microalgae has a significant cost in the production process of liquid biofuels. So, it was also tested algae cultivated in industrial effluents which has advantages from an economic and environmental point of view. Also, the grass wastes, have high moisture content and so its adequate to be process in HTL. In all the tests, four different products were obtained: gases, aqueous and organic (biocrude) products and solids. All these fractions were characterized to suggest their most favourable application. The gases were mainly composed of Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Hydrocarbons until C4. Bio oil composition was the parameter most affected by biomass type. So, when microalgae were used, it was observed higher content of nitrogenous compounds, like pyrroles, indoles, pyrazines and other nitrogen-containing compounds, probably formed from the protein fraction of the algae. In all the bio-oils it was also detected the presence of oxygenated compounds, such as ketones, esters, phenols, fatty acids, alcohols, that maybe were produced from the lipids and carbohydrates. Hydrocarbons, including alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatics compounds were also present. The composition of the biomass used has a higher effect on the bio-oil composition, so it is important an extensive characterization of the feedstock in order to select the best raw material to be used in HTL process depending on the intended application. This paper analyses the effect of biomass composition in the HTL to assess its viability to be used to produce biofuels or valuable chemicals.

Knowing water and energy consumption patterns sets the baseline for understanding their drivers and assessing the performance of potential measures to increase efficiency and/or reliability. These patterns can vary substantially depending on the building characteristics, on the building users and use, on the cultural, social, economic, environmental context in which the building is located, among many other factors. This article presents a general methodological framework for characterizing water and energy consumption patterns in buildings based on the evaluation of the characteristics of the equipments and appliances, as well as the type of users and the activities developed in each type of room. This allows estimating water and energy use, by end use per square meter and by roomtype. The methodological framework proposed was applied to the buildings of the Paricarana Campus of Federal University of Roraima (UFRR), Brazil, providing one of the few examples in the literature reporting water and energy consumption in university buildings in tropical climates. Universities, in most cases, represent large water and energy consumers with distinctive consumption drivers and patterns which have received limited attention when compared to other types of buildings (e.g., residential). The findings have shown that teaching rooms and administration rooms are the main consumers, representing 48% and 49% of the institution's energy and water consumption, respectively. Air conditioning is the biggest energy consumption (63%), while personal use represents 72% of the total water consumption in a building. The toilets represent a large water consumption in a university building (46.40%). Comparing different building uses, the central library is the highest consumer, due to the longest operating time and the highest occupational density. The methodological proposal intends to be a useful tool to support managers and decision-makers to understand the dynamics of consumption and then propose effective practices to reduce water and energy uses, as well as providing reference data for comparison with other educational institutions.

Synchronous tumours are defined as two or more independent primary neoplasms of different origins diagnosed at the same time in 1 individual. Although rare, its incidence is increasing and the proper diagnosis and staging of each tumour is crucial in defining the patient prognosis and the best therapeutic choice. We present a case of a 56-year-old woman presenting with a lung adenocarcinoma and pulmonary metastases initially diagnosed as stage IV and who was started on a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (erlotinib). In the meantime, she was also diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma and was submitted to complete thyroidectomy. After 6 cycles of erlotinib, thoracic CT showed a decrease in the dimensions of the primary pulmonary tumour, but an increase in the size and number of pulmonary metastases while blood tests showed elevated thyroglobulin. This therefore raised the possibility that the metastases could have originated from the thyroid carcinoma. Anatomo-pathological examination of the lung metastases confirmed this hypothesis. In conclusion, it is important to confirm the origin of metastases in synchronous tumours given this can lead to a re-staging of tumours and a different prognosis, along with other therapeutic options. A multidisciplinary team meeting is crucial to define management and therapeutic approaches for these patients.

Introdução: No âmbito do projeto “Verão com Ciência”, financiado pela Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), o presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um guia orientador para a criação e implementação de um Programa de Mentoria (PM), enquanto promotor de práticas de inclusão em todas as Unidades Orgânicas (UO) da Instituição de Ensino Superior. Objetivos: Este artigo científico tem como objetivos: (i) Caracterizar o Programa de Mentoria implementado na Instituição de Ensino Superior através do projeto piloto em duas Unidades Orgânicas; (ii) Comparar a estrutura do PM implementado, com outras experiências e programas similares noutras instituições do ensino superior; (iii) Apresentar uma proposta de estrutura do PM a ser implementado na Instituição de Ensino Superior, a partir de setembro de 2020, de acordo com as melhorias e constrangimentos identificados, quer no projeto piloto, quer em experiências similares nas Universidades de Lisboa e Porto. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e exploratório, de natureza qualitativa. Análise dos dados recolhidos no projeto piloto “Práticas Inclusivas na Instituição de Ensino Superior”, bem como dados recolhidos por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, a dois mentores e quatro mentorados envolvidos em projetos de mentoria noutras instituições de ensino superior, com especial enfase na informação relativa à caracterização da implementação do PM. Revisão bibliográfica sobre a temática “Mentoria no Ensino Superior, associados ao estudo dos relatos recolhidos. (Silva et al., 2007). Resultados: Os resultados obtidos ao nível das duas principais categorias “Conceitos centrais à Mentoria” e “Caracterização do Programa de Mentoria” revelaram que algumas subcategorias e subespecificações semelhantes no estudo piloto e estudo atual estão de acordo com a literatura acerca da implementação de Programas de Mentoria. Conclusão: Perante a análise dos dados recolhidos, é possível afirmar que a implementação de programas de Mentoria é uma mais valia para o acolhimento dos estudantes recém-chegados e para a consolidação de boas práticas de inclusão no ensino superior.

The improper waterflow to wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) due to rainwater inflow, and infiltration is a growing concern due to the many problems it brings to the sector, ranging from infrastructure deterioration to environmental problems caused by untreated wastewater and to the eventual financial costs that these issues cause. The study was carried out at the Folhadela WWTP, Vila Real, Portugal, between May 2014 and May 2015, with the total effluent flows recorded every 2 min at the entrance of the WWTP. Rainfall data from the Vila Real Meteorological Station, corresponding to the same period, were used. The study allowed us to conclude that from the wastewater that flowed to the Folhadela WWTP, in the months of study, only 15% is domestic wastewater, and the remaining 85% were undesirable volumes. Of these, 47% were infiltration flows, and 38% were rainwater flows that are not taken into account when dimensioning networks and WWTPs. These flows also have the particularity of representing very high volumes in short periods of time, coinciding with heavy rains, representing a very high risk for drainage and treatment infrastructures. Regarding the infiltration flow rates, as a general rule, they are taken into account when dimensioning the networks as being a percentage of the total flow. However, it is necessary to take into account the magnitude and the evolution of these values according to the network age and state of conservation, as well as have straight regulations about the undue connections into the network.

A doença de Castleman é uma doença linfoproliferativa rara, com envolvimento ganglionar localizado ou sistêmico, raramente atingindo o parênquima pulmonar. Relatamos o caso de um paciente imunocompetente, assintomático, com a variante histológica mais rara da doença, com apresentação nodular parenquimatosa. O paciente foi submetido a lobectomia, com evolução benigna. Nos últimos 10 anos, somente cinco casos de doença de Castleman com apresentação na forma de nódulo pulmonar único foram descritos na literatura. Este caso reforça a necessidade de inclusão da doença de Castleman no diagnóstico diferencial dos nódulos do pulmão, embora ela seja rara.Castleman's disease is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder, with focal or systemic lymph node involvement, which rarely affects the lung parenchyma. We report the case of an asymptomatic immunocompetent male patient who had the rarest histological variant of the disease, a nodular parenchymal presentation. The patient underwent lobectomy, and the postoperative evolution was favorable. In the last 10 years, there have been only five reports of Castleman's disease presenting as a solitary pulmonary nodule. This case underscores the fact that Castleman's disease, albeit rare, should be included in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary nodules.

The characterization of water and energy consumptions is essential in order to define strategies for their rational use. The way these resources are used in households is the path for efficient and rational management, interdependent from each other. It is believed that there are significant differences between the patterns of water and energy consumption in rural and urban areas, where influencing factors should also be identified. This article aims to provide some preliminary results of a research project named ENERWAT, with the main goal to characterize the relation between water and energy consumption at the end use level for urban and rural environments. One of the goals of the aforementioned project was the design, application, and results analysis of a survey, in order to find the main differences in the water and energy consumptions at the end use level and the factors that influence it in urban and rural households. A total of 245 households participated in the research during 2016 (110 urban dwellings and 135 rural), responding to questions on their family composition, dwellings characterization, water and energy consumption habits, and conservation behaviors of these resources. The project also includes the instrumentation and monitoring of dwellings in rural and urban environments to quantify the water consumption and related energy consumption. This stage is still in progress and includes in situ measurements of nine different households (four in rural and five in urban environments) during at least one year. In this article, some of the results obtained by the survey application and the in situ measurements are presented. Despite the large number of data and the associated complexity, it can be concluded that the joint analysis of the results allows identification of a connection between water and energy consumption, as well as a household’s consumption patterns.

Resumo: O carcinoma adenóide quístico é uma neoplasia epitelial maligna de origem glandular, ocorrendo nas glândulas mamárias, salivares e raramente no pulmão, onde é responsável por 0,2% dos tumores. Embora raro, é o tumor de âtipo glândula salivarâ mais comum ao nível do tracto respiratório.Estes tumores apresentam um crescimento lento e curso clínico prolongado, caracterizando-se pela natureza infiltrativa, com tendência para a recorrência local tardia.Os autores apresentam o caso de uma mulher com carcinoma adenóide quístico do pulmão diagnosticado na sequência de investigação de nódulo do pulmão submetida a ressecção cirúrgica com intuito curativo, cujo follow-up documentou recidiva local tardia 9 anos após a ressecção.O presente caso vem realçar a necessidade de vigilância prolongada, dado o potencial de recidiva local tardia deste tipo de tumor. O artigo revê aspectos clínicos e patológicos do carcinoma adenóide quístico do pulmão e discute opções terapêuticas, nomeadamente de prevenção da recidiva, à luz dos conhecimentos actuais.Rev Port Pneumol 2009; XV (1): 101-107 Abstract: The adenoid cystic carcinoma is a malignant epithelial glandular type neoplasia, occurring frequently in the salivary and mammary glands, and rarely in the lung, and is responsible for 0.2% of lung tumours.These tumours present a slow growth and prolonged clinical course, and are characterised by their infiltrative nature and tendency towards late local recurrence.The authors present a case of a woman with adenoid cystic lung carcinoma diagnosed after investigation of a lung nodule, submitted to surgical resection with curative intention, whose follow-up identified late recurrence, 9 years after surgery.The present case emphasises the need for a prolonged surveillance, due to the potential late recurrence of this kind of tumour. The article reviews clinical and pathological features of lung adenoid cystic carcinoma, as well as therapeutic options, namely for prevention of recurrence.Rev Port Pneumol 2009; XV (1): 101-107 Palavras-chave: Carcinoma adenóide quístico, pulmão, Key-words: Adenoid cystic carcinoma, lung

O carcinoma adenóide quístico é uma neoplasia epitelial maligna de origem glandular, ocorrendo nas glândulas mamárias, salivares e raramente no pulmão, onde é responsável por 0,2% dos tumores. Embora raro, é o tumor de “tipo glândula salivar” mais comum ao nível do tracto respiratório. Estes tumores apresentam um crescimento lento e curso clínico prolongado, caracterizando-se pela natureza infiltrativa, com tendência para a recorrência local tardia. Os autores apresentam o caso de uma mulher com carcinoma adenóide quístico do pulmão diagnosticado na sequência de investigação de nódulo do pulmão submetida a ressecção cirúrgica com intuito curativo, cujo follow-up documentou recidiva local tardia 9 anos após a ressecção. O presente caso vem realçar a necessidade de vigilância prolongada, dado o potencial de recidiva local tardia deste tipo de tumor. O artigo revê aspectos clínicos e patológicos do carcinoma adenóide quístico do pulmão e discute opções terapêuticas, nomeadamente de prevenção da recidiva, à luz dos conhecimentos actuais.The adenoid cystic carcinoma is a malignant epithelial glandular type neoplasia, occurring frequently in the salivary and mammary glands, and rarely in the lung, and is responsible for 0.2% of lung tumours. These tumours present a slow growth and prolonged clinical course, and are characterised by their infiltrative nature and tendency towards late local recurrence. The authors present a case of a woman with adenoid cystic lung carcinoma diagnosed after investigation of a lung nodule, submitted to surgical resection with curative intention, whose follow -up identified late recurrence, 9 years after surgery. The present case emphasises the need for a prolonged surveillance, due to the potential late recurrence of this kind of tumour. The article reviews clinical and pathological features of lung adenoid cystic carcinoma, as well as therapeutic options, namely for prevention of recurrence.

O hemangioma esclerosante do pulmão é um tumor benigno raro que se apresenta geralmente como um nódulo solitário do pulmão. A multiplicidade é muito rara. Os autores descrevem um caso de uma mulher de 50 anos, assintomática, com múltiplas lesões nodulares envolvendo todos os lobos de ambos os pulmões, submetida a toracotomia diagnóstica após estudo exaustivo em busca de neoplasia extrapulmonar. As biópsias realizadas permitiram diagnosticar hemangiomas esclerosantes múltiplos. Este é um dos poucos casos descritos até hoje com esta apresentação.Sclerosing hemangioma of the lung is an uncommon benign tumour which usually presents as an asymptomatic solitary nodule. Multiplicity is very rare. The authors describe a case of a 50 year-old asymptomatic woman with multiple nodular lesions involving all the lobes of both lungs, which underwent diagnostic thoracotomy after thorough investigation to exclude extra-pulmonary neoplasia. The biopsies obtained led to the diagnosis of pulmonary sclerosing hemangiomas. This is one of the few cases described with this presentation.

Resumo: O hemangioma esclerosante do pulmão é um tumor benigno raro que se apresenta geralmente como um nódulo solitário do pulmão. A multiplicidade é muito rara. Os autores descrevem um caso de uma mulher de 50 anos, assintomática, com múltiplas lesões nodulares envolvendo todos os lobos de ambos os pulmões, submetida a toracotomia diagnóstica após estudo exaustivo em busca de neoplasia extrapulmonar. As biópsias realizadas permitiram diagnosticar hemangiomas esclerosantes múltiplos. Este é um dos poucos casos descritos até hoje com esta apresentação.Rev Port Pneumol 2007; XIV (2): 291-294 Abstract: Sclerosing hemangioma of the lung is an uncommon benign tumour which usually presents as an asymptomatic solitary nodule. Multiplicity is very rare. The authors describe a case of a 50 year-old asymptomatic woman with multiple nodular lesions involving all the lobes of both lungs, which underwent diagnostic thoracotomy after thorough investigation to exclude extra-pulmonary neoplasia. The biopsies obtained led to the diagnosis of pulmonary sclerosing hemangiomas. This is one of the few cases described with this presentation.Rev Port Pneumol 2007; XIV (2): 291-294 Palavras-chave: Hemangioma esclerosante, múltiplo, tumor benigno do pulmão, Key-words: Sclerosing hemangioma, multiple, benign lung tumour

Avaliaram-se os efeitos de cinco níveis de concentrado na matéria seca (25,0; 37,5; 50,0; 62,5; e 75,0%) e dois métodos de balanceamentos de rações sobre os pesos dos órgãos, das vísceras e do conteúdo do trato gastrointestinal (CTGI) de 45 bovinos F1 Limousin x Nelore, com 14 meses de idade e peso vivo médio inicial de 330 kg. O primeiro método de balanceamento tendeu a ser isoprotéico, com aproximadamente 12% de proteína bruta na matéria seca, e o segundo procurou atender às exigências de proteína metabolizável dos animais. Os animais receberam alimentação à vontade até atingir o peso de abate preestabelecido de 500 kg. Foi utilizado o feno de capim-coastcross como fonte de volumoso na dieta. O delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, com quatro repetições. Os balanceamentos foram igualmente efetivos, não interagindo com níveis de concentrado. Os pesos do CTGI e omaso diminuíram e os de fígado e gordura interna aumentaram linearmente, com a elevação dos níveis de concentrado. Os demais parâmetros não foram influenciados.

Utilizaram-se 45 bovinos F1 Limousin x Nelore, inteiros, com, em média, 14 meses de idade e peso vivo inicial de 330 kg, para avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de concentrado na matéria seca (25,0; 37,5; 50,0; 62,5; e 75,0%) e dois métodos de balanceamentos de rações (o primeiro, tendendo a ser isoprotéico e o segundo, variando proteína com energia) sobre os consumos de matéria seca (CMS) e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), conversão alimentar (CA), ganhos diários de peso vivo (GMDPV), corpo vazio (GMDPVZ) e carcaça (GCAR). Cinco animais foram abatidos no início do experimento, como referência, para estimar o peso corporal vazio inicial dos animais que permaneceram no confinamento. Os animais receberam alimentação à vontade até atingirem o peso de abate preestabelecido de 500 kg. Foi utilizado o feno de capim-coastcross como fonte de volumoso na dieta. O delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, com quatro repetições. As formas de balanceamento resultaram em igual desempenho dos animais. Os consumos de MS responderam de maneira quadrática, estimando-se os máximos de 8,04 kg MS, 1,99% PV e 89,22 g MS/kg0,75 para os níveis de 41,42; 36,71; e 37,96% de concentrado, respectivamente. Conversão alimentar, consumo de FDN e dias de confinamento decresceram e o GMDPVZ cresceu linearmente, com o aumento dos níveis de concentrado na ração. Os GMDPV e GCAR apresentaram resposta quadrática, com máximos de 1,16 e 0,81 kg para 61,11 e 64,47% de concentrado, respectivamente.Forty five crossbreed F1 Limousin x Nellore young bulls, averaging 14 months of age and initial 330 kg LW, were used to evaluate the effects of different concentrate levels (25.0, 37.5, 50.0, 62.5 and 75.0% as DM basis) and two diet balance methods (one, almost isoprotein and the second, changing protein as energy of the diet change) on the intakes of dry matter (DMI) and neutral detergent fiber (NDFI), feed: gain ratio (FG), daily gains of live weight (ALWDG) empty body weight (EBWDG) and carcass weight (CARG). Five animals were slaughtered in the beginning of the experiment as reference, to estimate the initial empty body weight of animals that remained in feedlot. The animals were full fed up to the slaughter weight of 500 kg. The coast-cross grass hay was used as forage source in the diet. A completely randomised design in a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement, with four replicates was used. The two diet balance methods resulted on equal animal performances. The dry matter intake showed a quadratic response, and a maximum values of 8.04 kg DM, 1.99% LW, and 89.22g DM/kg0.75 for the concentrate levels of 41.42, 36.71, and 37.96%, respectively were estimated. The feed: gain ratio, NDFI and days in fed decreased and ALWDG linearly increased as the concentrate levels in the diet increase. The ALWDG and CARG showed quadratic response, with maximum of 1.16 and 0.81 for 61.11 and 64,47% of concentrate level in the diet.

Utilizaram-se 45 bovinos F1 Limousin x Nelore, não-castrados, com 14 meses de idade e peso vivo médio inicial de 330 kg, para avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de concentrado (25,0; 37,5; 50,0; 62,5; e 75,0%) e dois métodos de balanceamento de rações (um deles tendendo a ser isoprotéico e outro variando proteína com energia da dieta) sobre o rendimento de carcaça em relação ao peso vivo (RCPV) e peso corporal vazio (RCPVZ), o rendimento dos cortes básicos: ponta de agulha, acém, paleta, coxão e alcatra completa, a área de olho de lombo, o comprimento de carcaça, as porcentagens de músculo, gordura e osso (OSS) e as quantidades de músculo, gordura (GORC) e ossos na carcaça. Cinco animais foram abatidos no início do experimento, como referência, para estimar o peso de corpo vazio inicial dos animais que permaneceram no confinamento. Os animais receberam alimentação ad libitum até atingirem o peso de abate de 500 kg. Foi utilizado o feno de capim-coastcross como fonte de volumoso na dieta. O delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, com quatro repetições. As formas de balanceamento de rações somente influenciaram o RCPVZ. Os RCPV e a GORC elevaram-se e a OSS decresceu linearmente, à medida que se elevou o nível de concentrado na dieta. Não foi observada resposta para os rendimentos de cortes básicos da carcaça, em função dos níveis de concentrado na dieta. As demais características não foram influenciadas pelo nível de concentrado ou pela forma de balanceamento da dieta.

SUMMARY The effects of the increase of the concentrate level in the diets of dairy cows fed sugar-cane were studied. The experiment was driven in the Paulistinha farm, in Macarani - BA city, in the period of July to September of 2006. 16 cows crossbred Holstein x zebu were used distributed in four Latin squares 4 x 4. The concentrate increment provoked one increased lineal in the production, in the consumption of nutrients and in the variation of the corporal weight while the protein tenor in the milk and the alimentary efficiency had a quadratic behavior to the increase in the concentrate level in the diet, already the composition of the milk and apparent digestible of the nutrients didn't differ with the treatments. Showing that in spite of the treatments they affect not the apparent digestible of the nutrients and the composition of the milk, they are interesting, in the parameters of increase of the consumption of nutrients, milk production and the variation of the corporal weight.Foram utilizadas 16 vacas mestiças Holandês x Zebu (grau de sangue variando de ½ a ¾ H x Z), de terceira e quarta lactação, com produção anterior entre 2.500 e 3.000kg, ajustada para 300 dias, manejadas a pasto na época das águas. Com 110 dias, em média, de lactação, no início do período experimental, esses animais foram distribuídos em quatro quadrados latinos 4 x 4, com o objetivo de estudar os efeitos do aumento do teor de concentrado nas dietas de vacas leiteiras alimentadas com cana-de-açúcar, balanceadas para se obter a taxa de mantença mais a produção de 6; 9; 12 e 15kg de leite. O acréscimo de concentrado provocou um aumentou linear na produção de leite, no consumo de nutrientes e na variação do peso corporal, enquanto que o teor de proteína no leite e a eficiência alimentar tiveram um comportamento quadrático ao aumento no nível de concentrado na dieta. Já os demais componentes da composição do leite e digestibilidade dos nutrientes não diferiram com os tratamentos. Conclui-se que apesar de os tratamentos não afetarem a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e a composição do leite, são interessantes, nos parâmetros de aumento do consumo de nutrientes, produção de leite e na variação do peso corporal.

Fourteen Holstein male calves, averaging 28 days old and 48.17kg of initial body weight were allotted to a completely randomized design, with two treatments and seven replicates, to evaluate the effect of ground or pelleted concentrate on calf performance. The treatments consisted of two diets: one in the ground form and another prepared as pellets. The experiment (84 days) was conducted in two periods (milking and post-milking), each one lasted 42 days. At the milking phase (from 28 to 70 days old), calves received 4 L of milk replacer and concentrate ad libitum and, after weaning, elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) hay ad libitum plus 2.0kg of concentrate. Dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber, crude protein and acid detergent fiber intakes and performance did not show statistical difference (P>.05) in the both phases.Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do concentrado farelado ou peletizado sobre o desempenho de bezerros da raça holandesa. Utilizaram-se 14 bezerros, com média de 28 dias de idade e peso vivo inicial de 48,17kg, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos e sete repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de duas dietas uma com concentrado na forma farelada e outra com concentrado na forma peletizada. O experimento foi conduzido nos períodos de aleitamento e pós-desmama cada um com 42 dias de duração, totalizando 84 dias. No período de aleitamento (com início aos 28 dias de idade e término aos 70 dias de idade) os bezerros receberam 4 litros reconstituídos de sucedâneo lácteo e concentrado, à vontade e após o desmame receberam feno de capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum) à vontade e 2,0kg de concentrado. Em ambas as fases, não houve diferença estatística (P>0,05) nos consumos de matéria seca (MS), fibra em detergente neutro, proteína bruta, fibra em detergente ácido, nem no desempenho dos animais.

Green roofs are a fundamental technology in the transformation of urban centers into more sustainable environments, with a positive impact on buildings, cities, and their inhabitants. Yet, green roof technology may require the use of materials with a high environmental impact, namely, when associated with large transport distances. The present work arises from the need to find an environmental solution to use in an eco-school on one of the Azores islands. It tests green roofs on a wooden structure using local and sustainable materials. Prototypes were built to monitor their performance and to complement the theoretical information investigated regarding the construction systems of green roofs with alternative materials. The installation of the prototypes was accompanied by the school community, and the performance was monitored. The pumice stone proved to be an efficient solution for the drainage layer of the green roof. The use of local soil (volcanic origin) instead of a commercial substrate proved to work properly, both for drainage and for vegetation growth. Finally, the results also contribute to a better understanding of green roofs on wooden structures and encourage the use of local materials in future projects, with a view towards a circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies have assessed the thermal performance of green and cool roofs. However, few have comprehensively addressed Brazilian buildings and climates, considering indoor and outdoor environments. Considering three Brazilian cities, this study aims to assess the performance of green and cool roofs compared with traditional fibre cement roofs in a typical multifamily residential building. Energy consumption, thermal comfort, and outside surface temperature were assessed using computer simulation. The results show that the cool roofs performed better in cities with warmer climates (e.g., Cfa and Aw), reducing electricity consumption by up to 24.8% compared with traditional roofs. Green roofs are better suited for colder climates (e.g., Cfb), with up to 28.2% energy savings. Green roofs provided the highest percentage of thermal comfort hours in all climates. Cool and green roofs provided hourly reductions in outside roof surface temperature of up to 16.5 °C and 28.4 °C, respectively, compared with the traditional roof. This work reinforces that the choice between these two roof types for each city depends on the parameter used for comparison. Based on the relevant information applied to Brazilian buildings and representative climates presented, this work provided recommendations for urban planning policies and building regulations in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]