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La Casa Coderch de Sant Feliu de Codines, diseñada por el prestigioso arquitecto Josep Antoni Coderch en 1972 representa una perfecta unión entre el funcionalismo que profesaba el propio arquitecto y la modernidad. Su relevancia arquitectónica, cultural y patrimonial destaca frente a su poco conocimiento fuera de la arquitectura. Dentro de este marco, en el presente artículo los estudiantes del seminario de teorías e investigaciones avanzadas del grado de Antropología Social y Cultural de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona quieren narrar su experiencia etnográfica en la aproximación que realizaron a la casa.

Hypertension is one of the main cardiovascular risk factors. An educational intervention, aimed at increasing or reinforcing the patient's knowledge, can contribute to better control of their blood pressure. Our goal was to evaluate the efficacy of a continuing therapeutic education versus an initial intervention in hypertensive patients.Experimental study of multicenter community intervention, through the application of a therapeutic education program in hypertension.980 patients on antihypertensive treatment were included, 490 in each group, with a mean age of 65 years, and 50% women, baseline mean SBP in both groups was136 mmHg. Regarding knowledge about hypertension, although a similar initial improvement was observed in both groups, at the end of the study, in the continuous intervention group (CIG) an average of 23.06 correct answers was observed, while in the Initial intervention group (IIG) the mean was 20.91, being the difference statistically significant (p0.001). At the end of the study, the mean SBP was 127.5 mmHg in the CIG and 136.57 mmHg in the IIG group. Likewise, a lower percentage of patients with a BMI ≥25 was observed in the CIG (78.2%) than in the IIG 82.6%, this difference being statistically significant (p0.001). This same effect was observed on the abdominal perimeter, observing an increased abdominal perimeter in 46.3% of the CIG compared to 68.8% in the IIG (p0.001). CONCLUSIóN: A continuous educational intervention increases the degree of knowledge about hypertension compared to an initial intervention. Likewise, this intervention is associated with an improvement in blood pressure, weight, body mass index and abdominal girth figures.

Resumen Introduccion y objetivos La hipertension es uno de los principales factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Una intervencion educativa, destinada a aumentar o reforzar los conocimientos del paciente, puede contribuir a un mejor control de su presion arterial. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la eficacia de una educacion terapeutica continuada frente a una intervencion inicial en hipertensos. Metodos Estudio experimental, de intervencion comunitaria multicentrica, mediante la aplicacion de un programa de educacion terapeutica en hipertension arterial (HTA). Resultados Se incluyeron 980 pacientes en tratamiento antihipertensivo, 490 en cada grupo, con edad media de 65 anos, y un 50% mujeres siendo la presion arterial sistolica (PAS) media inicial en ambos grupos de 136 mmHg. Respecto a los conocimientos sobre la hipertension, aunque se observo una mejoria inicial similar en ambos grupos, al finalizar el estudio, en el grupo de intervencion continuado (GIC) se observo una media de 23,06 respuestas acertadas, mientras que en el grupo de intervencion inicial (GII) la media fue de 20,91, siendo la diferencia estadisticamente significativa (p Conclusion Una intervencion educativa continuada aumenta el grado de conocimiento sobre la hipertension respecto a una intervencion inicial. Asimismo, esta intervencion se asocia a una mejoria en las cifras de presion arterial, peso, indice de masa corporal y perimetro abdominal.

El objetivo de investigación es analizar los efectos del altruismo y la credibilidad en las percepciones de la imagen de RSC, y a la vez, la influencia de ésta sobre en la intención de compra. El método consistió en un análisis de ecuaciones estructurales con una muestra de 309 jóvenes universitarios. Los hallazgos sugieren que cuando las comunicaciones de RSC son percibidas como legítimas, el consumidor crea una percepción altruista y creíble, potenciando una imagen socialmente responsable que motiva la intención de compra millennial. La originalidad consiste en presentar un análisis de la generación millennials quienes se muestran como una tendencia socialmente responsable. La principal limitación es la inclusión de millenials universitarios de una sola universidad

La estrategia ‘Edu K hándonos para la Vida: bienestar y ciudadanía’ surge del ejercicio reflexivo de las coordinadoras de esta colección académica sobre las prácticas psicológicas en el área educativa. Actividad que evidencia la necesidad de abordar con los diversos agentes escolares el fortalecimiento de factores protectores, que se orienten a favorecer el crecimiento personal y a mejorar el ajuste en niños y adolescente en diferentes esferas de funcionamiento. Su construcción aborda como eje central la comprensión del desarrollo psicológico como un proceso complejo, no lineal, dinámico, multidimensional, caracterizado por la relación dialéctica entre factores externos e internos, a través de la cual se entienden las transformaciones y se captura la variabilidad del desarrollo psicológico. La estrategia está conformada por 5 tomos constituidos por doce sesiones, cada sesión con un tiempo de aplicación estimado entre 90 a 120 minutos. Los tomos se organizan ofreciendo las generalidades de la estrategia, el factor protector privilegiado (identidad personal; autoeficacia; vínculo afectivo; pensamiento crítico; resolución de problemas; regulación emocional; comunicación asertiva; identidad colectiva; manejo emocional y pensamiento creativo), las nociones centrales que fundamentan teóricamente el desarrollo de las sesiones, las técnicas necesarias para aplicación y la descripción de diez sesiones dirigidas a estudiantes, una sesión para el trabajo con padres/cuidadores y otra para el trabajo con docentes. Cada sesión cuenta con: objetivo(s), meta(s), indicadores, habilidades para ser fortalecidas, descripción de la sesión, tiempo de ejecución, tarea de refuerzo y herramientas tanto para la evaluación como el seguimiento.

262 p. [ES] Considerando el papel que el consejo de administración puede jugar a la hora de adoptar las decisiones estratégicas en una empresa, tales como la innovación, en esta tesis doctoral se ha analizado el rol de este órgano de gobierno como determinante de la innovación empresarial y como elemento moderador de la relación entre la innovación y el valor de la empresa. Para ello, en primer lugar, se realizó una exhaustiva revisión de la literatura previa sobre consejo de administración e innovación para identificar posibles preguntas de investigación aún no resueltas en los estudios existentes, y plantear así los objetivos e hipótesis a contrastar. En este sentido, después del Capítulo introductorio en donde se contextualiza la temática objeto de análisis y se presentan los principales conceptos y los objetivos de este estudio, en el Capítulo 1 se integran los resultados de la revisión de la literatura en un meta-análisis considerando las características del consejo de administración más frecuentemente utilizadas en los estudios previos, agrupadas, por un lado, en aquellas que distinguen a un consejo de otro tales como su tamaño, composición (internos, externos e independientes), participación accionarial de los consejeros, acumulación de los cargos de máximo directivo y de presidente del consejo (dualidad) y frecuencia de reuniones bajo la denominación de diversidad estructural. Por otro lado, se agrupan aquellas características a nivel individual y que difieren de un consejero a otro (género, capital social, antigüedad en el cargo y edad) bajo la denominación de diversidad demográfica. Al igual que con las características del consejo, los diferentes tipos de innovación se agruparon en inputs (recursos e incentivos que se destinan a financiar las tareas innovadoras) y outputs o resultados de dichas actividades innovadoras (nuevos productos, procesos, patentes, citas de patentes, entre otros). Esto permite concluir que varios elementos del consejo pueden influir en la innovación empresarial dependiendo de la dimensión de la innovación analizada (inputs u outputs). Los resultados del meta-análisis sugieren que la diversidad estructural del consejo se asocia positivamente con los outputs de la innovación (excepto en el caso de la participación accionarial, cuya asociación es negativa). En cuanto a la relación entre la diversidad estructural y los inputs, destacan dos asociaciones: una asociación negativa con el tamaño del consejo y una asociación positiva con la dualidad. En lo que respecta a la diversidad demográfica, se encuentra una asociación positiva entre el género y el capital social con los inputs de innovación. También existe una asociación positiva entre la permanencia en el cargo de los consejeros y los outputs de la innovación. En el Capítulo 2, se ha estudiado el efecto del consejo de administración sobre la innovación empresarial en el contexto español. Concretamente se ha analizado como influye la independencia del consejo sobre la innovación en una muestra de 124 empresas españolas para el periodo 2008-2019. Considerando que la independencia del consejo es una de las recomendaciones de gobierno corporativo más frecuentes en los códigos de buen gobierno y que a su vez el meta-análisis previo puso de manifiesto que es una de las variables que también la literatura previa más ha vinculado a la innovación, se decidió profundizar en ella y contrastar si el hecho de ser un consejero independiente es suficiente para determinar la innovación empresarial (medida como el número de patentes) o si la diversidad a nivel individual de cada consejero independiente (en términos de diversidad de género y de nacionalidad) puede a ayudar a entender mejor el efecto de la independencia del consejo sobre la innovación. A partir de un análisis binomial negativo de datos de panel se concluye que los consejeros independientes parecen tener un efecto negativo sobre la innovación empresarial. Sin embargo, cuando hay altos niveles de diversidad de género y nacionalidad entre dichos consejeros independientes, este efecto negativo disminuye. En otras palabras, no solo basta con ser un consejero independiente para fomentar la innovación, sino que también hacen falta una serie de características únicas que cada individuo aporta gracias a sus relaciones personales, sus experiencias, su forma de analizar y resolver los problemas, y que permiten mejorar el proceso de toma de decisiones relacionadas con la innovación. En el Capítulo 3, se ha investigado si el consejo de administración, además de ejercer un efecto directo sobre la innovación, puede jugar también un papel moderador en la relación entre la innovación y el desempeño empresarial. Específicamente, se contrasta si el número de consejeros interconectados modera la relación entre las inversiones de I+D y el valor de la empresa utilizando un panel de datos de 106 compañías españolas (periodo 2008-2019). Los resultados del Método Generalizado de los Momentos (GMM) realizado permiten concluir que la existencia de un mayor número de consejeros interconectados en una empresa modera negativamente la relación positiva entre las inversiones de I+D y el valor empresarial. Es decir, un número elevado de consejeros interconectados podría limitar la capacidad del consejo para asesorar de manera efectiva en temas relacionados con las inversiones de I+D. Finalmente, se presentan algunas conclusiones e implicaciones generales de esta tesis doctoral, así como las futuras líneas de investigación. Además, en la sección del anexo se puede encontrar un resumen de la revisión de la literatura realizada sobre artículos de carácter empírico que relacionan al consejo de administración con la innovación empresarial (inputs u outputs) de alguna forma (relación directa, moderación o mediación) a lo largo de más de tres décadas. [EN] Considering the role that the board of directors can play when a firm adopts strategic decisions on topics such as innovation, in this doctoral thesis we analyse the role of this governing body as a determinant of firm innovation and as a moderator of the relation between firm innovation and value. For this purpose, we perform a thorough review of the prior literature on boards of directors and innovation in order to identify possible research questions that have not yet been resolved and to propose objectives and hypotheses to be tested. In the Introduction section, we contextualise the topics to be analysed and present the main concepts and goals of the study. In Chapter 1, the results of the literature review are integrated into a meta-analysis, considering the board characteristics that have most frequently been used in prior studies. We group such characteristics under two headings: structural diversity, that is, those that distinguish one board from another, such as size, composition (internal, external and independent directors), board equity, accumulation of positions between the chairman of the board and the CEO (duality) and meeting frequency; and demographic diversity, that is, individual characteristics that differ from one director to another (gender, social capital, tenure and age). The different types of innovation are also grouped as either inputs (resources and incentives allocated to funding innovation tasks) or outputs of such innovation activities (new products, processes, patents, patent citations, etc.). This allows us to establish whether different elements of the board can affect a firm’s innovation, depending on the type of innovation analysed (inputs or outputs). The results of the meta-analysis suggest that board structural diversity is positively associated with innovation outputs (except in the case of board equity, for which the association is negative). Between structural diversity and innovation inputs, we find two associations: for board size a negative one, and for duality a positive one. For demographic diversity and inputs, a positive association between gender and social capital is found, and for demographic diversity and outputs a negative one for tenure. In Chapter 2, we study the effect of the board of directors on firm innovation in the Spanish context, and specifically how board independence influences innovation in a sample of 124 Spanish firms over the period 2008-2019. Considering that board independence is one of the recommendations that is most frequently found in codes of good governance and that the prior meta-analysis showed that board independence is one of the variables that the literature has most often related to innovation, we decided to delve into this topic. Our aim was to analyse if being an independent director is a sufficient condition for determining innovation in a firm (measured as the number of patents) or if the diversity at an individual level of each independent director (in terms of gender and nationality diversity) can help explain the effect of board independence on firm innovation. A negative binomial analysis of panel data leads to the conclusion that independent directors may have a negative effect on a firm’s innovation. However, when there are high levels of gender and nationality diversity among such independent directors, this negative effect decreases. In other words, it is not sufficient for a director to be independent to promote innovation; there must also be a set of unique characteristics provided by each individual such as their personal relations, experience and approach to problems. In Chapter 3, we consider whether the board of directors, in addition to exerting a direct effect on innovation, can also play a moderating role in the relation between firm innovation and performance. Specifically, we test whether the number of interlocking directors moderates the relation between research and development (R&D) investments and firm value, using a data panel of 106 Spanish companies (over the period 2008-2019). The results of the Generalised Method of the Moments (GMM) performed lead to the conclusion that the existence of a larger number of interlocking directors in a firm negatively moderates the positive relation between R&D investments and firm value. That is, a large number of interlocking directors might limit the board’s capacity for providing effective advice on topics related to R&D investments. Finally, some conclusions and general implications of this doctoral thesis are presented, as well as avenues for future research. Also, Appendix offer a summary of the literature review covering articles of an empirical nature that somehow (directly, or through moderation or mediation) relate the board of directors to firm innovation (inputs or outputs) over a period of more than three decades.

Background: Osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases share risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms. Hip fracture and cardiovascular diseases are very common in older people. Objectives: Evaluate clinical and subclinical arteriosclerotic disease in older patients with hip fracture compared with patients without fracture in order to increase knowledge about the relation between both diseases in old patients. Method: Age- and sex matched case-control study of octogenarians with and without recent hip fracture. Vascular risk factors, subclinical vascular diseases (assessed by carotid plaques, carotid intima media thickness and arterial stiffness) as well as cardiovascular diseases were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic models were used to estimate Odds Ratios (OR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) to assess the association arteriosclerosis and hip fracture. Results: We analyzed 95 patients per group with a median age of 82 [79-87] years of whom 77.9% were female. Patients in both groups have elevated rates of vascular disease (25%) without differences between them. Patients with hip fracture had higher subclinical arteriosclerotic alterations with higher percentage of carotid plaques (OR 3.25 [1.06 - 9.97]) compared with the control group. Conclusions: Old patients with hip fracture had significantly higher presence of subclinical alterations but not increase on rate of cardiovascular arteriosclerotic disease compared with those without hip fracture. Is mandatory to increase our knowledge in shared risk factors for both diseases to enhance fracture prevention or vice versa.

The prognostic value of BP elevation in very old patients with other chronic comorbidities is uncertain. We aimed to assess the prognostic impact of 24-hour BP (both brachial and central), BP variability, and pulse wave velocity (PWV) in very elderly patients hospitalized due to a chronic disease decompensation. We included 249 patients older than 80 years, admitted to the hospital due to decompensation of congestive heart failure (149), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (60), chronic kidney disease with acute kidney injury (26), or other decompensated chronic conditions (14). During hospital stay, 24-h BP monitoring was performed (Mobil-O-Graph PWV). Mean values of brachial and central BP, aortic PWV, and BP variability (24-hour SD) were obtained in all participants. After discharge, patients were followed-up for one year. The primary outcome was total mortality. Hazard ratio (HR) of BP estimates (for 1 SD increase) were obtained through Cox models, adjusted for clinical confounders. During follow-up 72 patients (29%) died. Progression of heart failure (58%) was the most frequent cause of death. No differences were observed in 24-h BP between those who died or remained alive. Systolic BP-SD, and PWV were higher in patients who subsequently died, while 24-hour HR- SD was lower (Table). In fully adjusted models, PWV (HR: 3.54; 95%CI: 2.37-5.28), SD of 24-h brachial systolic BP (1.29; 1.00-1.67) and SD of 24-h heart rate (0.65; 0.46-0.91) were associated with the risk of mortality. We conclude that PWV, SBP and heart rate variabilities, but not the level of BP are associated with mortality in very old patients with advanced chronic conditions

Introduction: Current guidelines recommend prophylactic treatment of hemophilia B with the missing coagulation factor IX, either with standard half-life or extended half-life products. Extended half-life products have half-lives three to six times longer than the former, allowing a reduction in the number of weekly injections and therefore, potentially impacting on treatment adherence and quality of life. Albutrepenonacog alfa is an extended half-life fusion protein of coagulation factor IX with recombinant human albumin, indicated for both on-demand and prophylactic treatment for bleeding in patients with hemophilia B of all ages.Areas covered: The authors review the clinical and pharmacokinetic characteristics of albutrepenonacog alfa, as well as the available information regarding trough levels and real-world evidence. Given the availability of other factor IX products in the market, indirect comparisons of clinical and pharmacokinetic characteristics are presented.Expert opinion: The authors exhibit their expert opinion on which patient profiles are candidates for prophylactic treatment with albutrepenonacog alfa, and on the management of patients in terms of dosing, regimens of administration and protocols for switching the treatment.

El síndrome de embolia grasa es una complicación inusual del trauma ortopédico. Las manifestaciones clínicas son inespecíficas y no hay una prueba diagnóstica de oro, por lo que se debe tener un alto índice de sospecha. Se describen cuatro pacientes quienes luego de presentar fractura de huesos largos se complicaron con síndrome de embolia grasa. La manifestación común en todos ellos fue la hipoxemia. Los hallazgos más frecuentes en la tomografía de tórax fueron opacidades en vidrio esmerilado, compromiso del pulmón derecho y de los lóbulos inferiores, y derrame pleural laminar. La evolución clínica fue satisfactoria en tres pacientes; el cuarto presentó extenso compromiso pulmonar, requirió ventilación mecánica invasiva y tuvo una hospitalización prolongada. Ningún paciente falleció ni quedó con secuelas. Esta es la primera serie de casos en Colombia que muestra el comportamiento clínico e imagenológico de pacientes con síndrome de embolia grasa.

This paper is the first to use program administrative data from Brazil’s National Employment System (SINE) to assess the impact of SINE job interview referrals on labor market outcomes. We use data from a five-year period (2012–16) to evaluate the impact of SINE job referrals on reemployment, time until reemployment, job tenure, and wage rates. Causal impact estimates based on propensity score matching suggest that a SINE job interview referral increases the probability of finding a job within three months of the referral and reduces the number of months needed to find reemployment, the average job tenure of the next job, and the reemployment wage. Subgroup analysis suggests that SINE is particularly effective at helping less educated workers find work in a timely fashion. Finally, the evidence suggests that the self-service online labor exchange is less effective than the in-person job interview referrals provided at SINE offices.

La colitis ulcerativa es una enfermedad intestinal inflamatoria crónica, de etiología idiopática y fisiopatología multifactorial, caracterizada por la inflamación de la mucosa rectal, con extensión proximal, continua y simétrica a través del colon. Su diagnóstico se establece a partir de los hallazgos clínicos, endoscópicos e histológicos. La meta terapéutica es lograr la remisión clínica y endoscópica, reducir el riesgo de colectomía, cáncer colorrectal y mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos científicos y se exponen los aspectos más relevantes y actualizados sobre la enfermedad; con el objetivo de proporcionar elementos para su abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar el grado de conocimientos de la hipertension en pacientes hipertensos. Metodo Estudio multicentrico descriptivo transversal, realizado en centros de atencion primaria y especializada de Espana. Participaron 980 pacientes hipertensos, mayores de 18 anos, con tratamiento farmacologico. Variables principales: anos de diagnostico, factores de riesgo, presion arterial, perimetro abdominal, indice de masa corporal, adherencia a la medicacion (test de Morisky-Green), y los items de un cuestionario validado sobre conocimientos. Resultados El 50% mujeres, edad media 65 anos. El 46% con mas de 10 anos del diagnostico de hipertension. En relacion a la adherencia a la medicacion, el 56,6% no lo era, siendo el olvido la primera causa. Al analizar los conocimientos sobre la hipertension el 41,7% referia que nadie les habia informado, el 35,8% no consideraba que la hipertension fuera para toda la vida y solo el 42,3% conocia los objetivos de presion arterial. El mayor desconocimiento sobre los riesgos que provoca la hipertension en el organismo fue el relacionado con el rinon, donde solo el 48,6% afirmaba conocer ese dato. En relacion a la medicacion, solo el 41,4% conocia que era para toda la vida. Tambien se observo que hay diferencias estadisticamente significativas entre nivel de conocimientos y nivel de estudios (p Conclusion Los conocimientos basicos sobre la hipertension siguen siendo bajos en estos pacientes. Estos resultados permiten orientar futuras intervenciones. orientando la educacion terapeutica al paciente y mejorar su participacion en la enfermedad para controlar mejor su hipertension.

Aims To evaluate the grade of knowledge of hypertension in hypertensive patients. Method Cross-sectional descriptive multicentre study. Primary and specialised care centres in Spain. Participants: 980 hypertensive patients, older than 18 years, with pharmacological treatment. Main variables: Years of diagnosis, risk factors, blood pressure, abdominal circumference, body mass index, adherence to medication (Morisky–Green test) and the items of a validated questionnaire on knowledge. Results 50% were women, mean age 65 years. Seventy-eight percent lived with family, 46% over 10 years old diagnosed with hypertension. In relation to adherence to medication, 56.6% were not compliant, forgetting being the first cause. Knowledge about hypertension 41.7% said that no one had explained it, 35.8% did not consider hypertension a lifelong process, and only 42.3% knew the objectives of blood pressure. The area of major lack of knowledge of the risk of hypertension was the problems caused by hypertension in the kidney, only 48.6% answered affirmatively. In relation to medication, only 41.4% knew it is for life. Statistically significant differences were also observed between the level of knowledge and the level of studies (p Conclusions Basic knowledge about hypertension remains low in these patients. These results enable future interventions to be oriented by promoting therapeutic education to the patient and improving their involvement in the disease in order to better control their hypertension.

Resumen El amplio espectro de enfermedades causadas por la infección Helicobacter pylori obliga a un diagnóstico oportuno y dar un tratamiento altamente eficaz, reduciendo el riesgo de morbilidad y aumentando la probabilidad de erradicación. Son varias las terapias que tienen respaldo en la literatura, por lo que se deben conocer sus ventajas y limitaciones, incluyendo las resistencias bacterianas locales y seleccionar la mejor opción. Este artículo revisa los esquemas de tratamiento más utilizados y ofrece pautas para el manejo y seguimiento del paciente con infección por Helicobacter pylori en Colombia. Abstract The wide spectrum of diseases caused by Helicobacter pylori infection requires a timely diagnosis and a highly effective treatment, reducing the risk of morbidity and increasing the probability of eradication. There are several therapies that are supported in the literature, therefore, its advantages and limitations, including our local resistances, must be known to select the best option. This article reviews the most widely used treatment regimens and offers guidelines for the management and follow-up of patients with Helicobacter pylori infection in Colombia.

There is scarce evidence for the prognostic importance of hemodynamic measures, such as blood pressure (BP), BP variability, and arterial stiffness, in the very elderly population with advanced chronic conditions. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic importance of 24 h BP, BP variability, and arterial stiffness in a cohort of very elderly patients admitted to the hospital due to a decompensated chronic disease. We studied 249 patients older than 80 (66% women; 60% congestive heart failure). Noninvasive 24 h monitoring was used to determine 24 h brachial and central BP, BP and heart rate variabilities, aortic pulse wave velocity, and BP variability ratios during admission. The primary outcome was 1-year mortality. Aortic pulse wave velocity (3.3 times for each SD increase) and BP variability ratio (31% for each SD increase) were associated with 1-year mortality, after adjustments for clinical confounders. Increased systolic BP variability (38% increase for each SD change) and reduced heart rate variability (32% increase for each SD change) also predicted 1-year mortality. In conclusion, increased aortic stiffness and BP and heart rate variabilities predict 1-year mortality in very elderly patients with decompensated chronic conditions. Measurements of such estimates could be useful in the prognostic evaluation of this specific population.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text., Background. Long-term cardiovascular (CV) events are a frequent cause of death and disability after liver transplant (LT). Although a more in-depth, risk-adapted control of CV risk factors may result in improved post-LT CV outcomes, an accurate stratification of the CV risk of LT recipients to better implement preventive strategies is lacking. Aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) is a surrogate of arterial stiffness that has been suggested as a biomarker of CV risk; it has never been evaluated in adult LT recipients. Methods. In a single-center prospective study, we included 122 LT recipients at 12 (n = 39), 60 (n = 45), or 120 (n = 38) mo after LT. aPWV estimation by oscillometry, clinical assessment of CV risk factors, and CV risk estimation by standard clinical scores (systematic coronary risk evaluation and pooled cohort equation) were performed. The incidence of CV events during prospective follow-up was registered. Results. aPWV was independently associated with age and the grade of control of blood pressure. After a median follow-up of 35 mo, 15 patients (12%) presented a CV event. Higher aPWV, diabetes, past or present smoking habit, previous CV events, lower eGFR, being in systematic coronary risk evaluation or pooled cohort equation high-risk groups, and higher levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, creatinine, and triglycerides were associated with the incidence of CV events at univariate analysis; aPWV, past or present smoking habit, and triglycerides were independent predictors of CV events. Conclusions. According to our results, aPWV mirrors CV risk in LT recipients and thus may be a useful CV risk biomarker in this population. Considering these preliminary results, its accuracy in stratifying risk requires confirmation in further studies.

Aims The objective of this study was to examine the validity of 1 h automated office blood pressure measurement for the diagnosis of hypertension. Methods We included patients requiring a hypertension diagnostic test. Participants underwent ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, 1 h automated office blood pressure measurement, office blood pressure measurement and home blood pressure monitoring. The prevalence of hypertension and subtypes were calculated. Mean values of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring were compared with 1 h automated office blood pressure measurement using the correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman graphs. The Kappa concordance index, sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy were calculated, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to establish the diagnostic threshold of the 1-h measurement. Results Of 562 participants, 438 (87.6%) completed the four diagnostic methods. The 1-h method had a sensitivity of 76.6 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 71.1-81.5], a specificity of 64.8% (95% CI: 57-72.1) and the best diagnostic accuracy (72.1%, 95% CI: 67.7-76.3) compared with the office and home measurements. Moderate-high correlations were observed between DBP (r = 0.73) and SBP (r = 0.58) readings. The 1-h method classified more patients as normotensive (24.4%) and fewer patients with white-coat hypertension (13.3%). A diagnostic threshold of at least 133/83 mmHg for the 1-h method could improve diagnostic accuracy by 2.3%. Conclusion One-hour automated blood pressure measurement is a valid, reliable method for the diagnosis of hypertension in undiagnosed patients. The diagnostic accuracy permits detection of white-coat and masked hypertension. To diagnose hypertension, the 1-h method or conventional home blood pressure monitoring should be used rather than office measurements. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03147573.

This article describes the cartographic layer construction process of Colombian Caribbean coastal wetlands at a scale of 1:100,000 and the results obtained in terms of their quantification and typing. Two cartographic layers were constructed and subsequently joined, one of the permanent water bodies and another of temporary water bodies and associated coverages. The layers were generated by multitemporal analysis of 45 Landsat 8-OLI satellite images, based on the NDVI index, uncertainty models by superposition of cartographic attributes, and a flood frequency consultation model on ALOS PALSAR 1 images. As a result, 576,279 ha of coastal wetlands were delimited (1.9 % of total wetlands in Colombia), of which 20.4 % are within protected areas. The cartographic legend makes it possible to typify wetlands based on the coverage and temporality of water bodies; discriminates permanent wetlands (42.7 %) with five categories and temporary wetlands (57.3 %) with 15 categories, mostly distributed in seven large complexes. This study is the first description of the colombian Caribbean coastal wetlands based on a cartographic construction, is methodologically replicable, and will support decision-making in the planning of colombian Caribbean coastal areas, especially for risk management and ecosystem-based adaptation to climate change. RESUMEN Este estudio describe el proceso de construcción cartográfica de humedales costeros del Caribe colombiano a escala 1:100 000 y los resultados obtenidos en cuanto a su cuantificación y tipificación. Se construyeron dos capas cartográficas que posteriormente se unieron, una de cuerpos de agua permanentes y otra de cuerpos de agua temporales y sus coberturas asociadas. Las capas fueron generadas mediante análisis multitemporal de 45 imágenes de satélite Landsat 8-OLI, a partir del índice de vegetación-NDVI, modelos de incertidumbre por superposición de atributos cartográficos y la consulta de un modelo de frecuencias de inundación basado en imágenes ALOS PALSAR 1. Como resultado se delimitaron 576 627 ha de humedales costeros (1,9 % del total de humedales de Colombia), de los cuales el 20,4 % se encuentra dentro de áreas protegidas. La leyenda cartográfica obtenida permitió tipificar los humedales con base en la cobertura y temporalidad de los cuerpos de agua; discriminando los permanentes (42,7 %) en cinco categorías, y los temporales (57,3 %) con 15 categorías, la mayor parte distribuidos en siete grandes complejos. Este estudio es la primera descripción de los humedales costeros del Caribe colombiano basada en una construcción cartográfica, es metodológicamente replicable y apoyará la toma de decisiones en la planificación de las zonas costeras del Caribe colombiano, especialmente la gestión del riesgo y la adaptación al cambio climático basada en los ecosistemas.

Previous research points to the importance of the active and socially responsible participation of companies as members of the society to contribute to their economic and social development, i.e., a step beyond philanthropy. In this sense, this study aims to analyze the role played by the different organizations in the business sector of Imbabura in Ecuador, and its relationship with the community where they operate. The analysis was based on the different areas suggested within the ISO 26000 standards, such as education, culture, job creation, among others. The qualitative-quantitative approach was used, with descriptive scope. The survey and the interview were used as data collection techniques for which the respective instruments were designed and applied to different companies in the sector. The results of the instruments are quantified using neutrosophic statistics, which is useful for the quantitative analysis of citizens’ participation in various activities developed in the community. According to the present study, the participation of the companies within the community is not significant and therefore, it is required to foment the responsibility of them in the social development and integration. Concepts like sustainability should be included in the company strategies, when trust and commitment want to be generated from communities in which companies develop their activities.

Resumen: La fibrilación auricular es la arritmia de significado clínico más frecuente a la que médicos generales y especialistas se pueden ver enfrentados. Esta enfermedad aumenta cinco veces el riesgo de ataque cerebrovascular. La evidencia actual favorece el uso de anticoagulantes orales de acción directa sobre warfarina para la prevención de eventos cardioembólicos en pacientes con fibrilación auricular no valvular, en ausencia de contraindicaciones. En este artículo se discutirán a modo de preguntas y respuestas los aspectos más importantes, así como algunas controversias acerca de la anticoagulación en fibrilación auricular no valvular. Abstract: Atrial fibrillation is the most common clinically significant arrhythmia that may be encountered by general and specialist doctors. This disorder increases the risk of a cerebrovascular accident by five times. The current evidence prefers the use of direct action oral anticoagulants over warfarin for the prevention of cardioembolic events in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation in the absence of contraindications. Using a series of questions and answers, the most important aspects will be discussed in this article, as well as some controversies about anticoagulation in non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Palabras clave: Fibrilación auricular, Ataque cerebrovascular isquémico, Anticoagulantes orales de acción directa, Warfarina, Keywords: Atrial fibrillation, Ischaemic cerebrovascular accident, Direct action oral anticoagulants, Warfarin

Phenylketonuric (PKU) patients are a population at risk for sleep disorders due to deficits in neurotransmitter synthesis. We aimed to study the prevalence of sleep disorders in early-treated PKU children and adolescents and assessed correlations with dopamine and serotonin status. We compared 32 PKU patients (16 females, 16 males; mean age 12 years), with a healthy control group of 32 subjects (16 females, 16 males; mean age 11.9 years). 19 PKU patients were under dietary treatment and 13 on tetrahydrobiopterin therapy. Concurrent phenylalanine (Phe), index of dietary control and variability in Phe in the last year, tyrosine, tryptophan, prolactin, and ferritin in plasma, platelet serotonin concentration, and melatonin, homovanillic and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid excretion in urine were analyzed. Sleep was assessed using Bruni's Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children. Sleep disorders were similar in both groups, 15.6% in control group and 12.5% in PKU group. In PKU patients, no correlations were found with peripheral biomarkers of neurotransmitter synthesis nor different Phe parameters, 43.3% had low melatonin excretion and 43.8% low platelet serotonin concentrations. Despite melatonin and serotonin deficits in early-treated PKU patients, the prevalence of sleep disorders is similar to that of the general population.