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291 results on '"Cristofanelli, P."'

1. Local cooling and drying induced by Himalayan glaciers under global warming

Author

Salerno, Franco, Guyennon, Nicolas, Yang, Kun, Shaw, Thomas E., Lin, Changgui, Colombo, Nicola, Romano, Emanuele, Gruber, Stephan, Bolch, Tobias, Alessandri, Andrea, Cristofanelli, Paolo, Putero, Davide, Diolaiuti, Guglielmina, Tartari, Gianni, Verza, Gianpietro, Thakuri, Sudeep, Balsamo, Gianpaolo, Miles, Evan S., and Pellicciotti, Francesca

Published
2023
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5. The fingerprint of the summer 2018 drought in Europe on ground-based atmospheric CO₂ measurements

Author

Ramonet, M., Ciais, P., Apadula, F., Bartyzel, J., Bastos, A., Bergamaschi, P., Blanc, P. E., Brunner, D., di Torchiarolo, L. Caracciolo, Calzolari, F., Chen, H., Chmura, L., Colomb, A., Conil, S., Cristofanelli, P., Cuevas, E., Curcoll, R., Delmotte, M., di Sarra, A., Emmenegger, L., Forster, G., Frumau, A., Gerbig, C., Gheusi, F., Hammer, S., Haszpra, L., Hatakka, J., Hazan, L., Heliasz, M., Henne, S., Hensen, A., Hermansen, O., Keronen, P., Kivi, R., Komínková, K., Kubistin, D., Laurent, O., Laurila, T., Lavric, J. V., Lehner, I., Lehtinen, K. E. J., Leskinen, A., Leuenberger, M., Levin, I., Lindauer, M., Lopez, M., Myhre, C. Lund, Mammarella, I., Manca, G., Manning, A., Marek, M. V., Marklund, P., Martin, D., Meinhardt, F., Mihalopoulos, N., Mölder, M., Morgui, J. A., Necki, J., O'Doherty, S., O'Dowd, C., Ottosson, M., Philippon, C., Piacentino, S., Pichon, J. M., Plass-Duelmer, C., Resovsky, A., Rivier, L., Rodó, X., Sha, M. K., Scheeren, H. A., Sferlazzo, D., Spain, T. G., Stanley, K. M., Steinbacher, M., Trisolino, P., Vermeulen, A., Vítková, G., Weyrauch, D., Xueref-Remy, I., Yala, K., and Kwok, C. Yver

Published
2020

6. New and updated convex shape models of asteroids based on optical data from a large collaboration network

Author

Hanuš, J., Ďurech, J., Oszkiewicz, D. A., Behrend, R., Carry, B., Delbo', M., Adam, O., Afonina, V., Anquetin, R., Antonini, P., Arnold, L., Audejean, M., Aurard, P., Bachschmidt, M., Badue, B., Barbotin, E., Barroy, P., Baudouin, P., Berard, L., Berger, N., Bernasconi, L., Bosch, J-G., Bouley, S., Bozhinova, I., Brinsfield, J., Brunetto, L., Canaud, G., Caron, J., Carrier, F., Casalnuovo, G., Casulli, S., Cerda, M., Chalamet, L., Charbonnel, S., Chinaglia, B., Cikota, A., Colas, F., Coliac, J-F., Collet, A., Coloma, J., Conjat, M., Conseil, E., Costa, R., Crippa, R., Cristofanelli, M., Damerdji, Y., Debackere, A., Decock, A., Déhais, Q., Déléage, T., Delmelle, S., Demeautis, C., Dróżdż, M., Dubos, G., Dulcamara, T., Dumont, M., Durkee, R., Dymock, R., del Valle, A. Escalante, Esseiva, N., Esseiva, R., Esteban, M., Fauchez, T., Fauerbach, M., Fauvaud, M., Fauvaud, S., Forné, E., Fournel, C., Fradet, D., Garlitz, J., Gerteis, O., Gillier, C., Gillon, M., Giraud, R., Godard, J-P., Goncalves, R., Hamanowa, H., Hay, K., Hellmich, S., Heterier, S., Higgins, D., Hirsch, R., Hodosan, G., Hren, M., Hygate, A., Innocent, N., Jacquinot, H., Jawahar, S., Jehin, E., Jerosimic, L., Klotz, A., Koff, W., Korlevic, P., Kosturkiewicz, E., Krafft, P., Krugly, Y., Kugel, F., Labrevoir, O., Lecacheux, J., Lehký, M., Leroy, A., Lesquerbault, B., Lopez-Gonzales, M. J., Lutz, M., Mallecot, B., Manfroid, J., Manzini, F., Marciniak, A., Martin, A., Modave, B., Montaigut, R., Montier, J., Morelle, E., Morton, B., Mottola, S., Naves, R., Nomen, J., Oey, J., Ogłoza, W., Paiella, M., Pallares, H., Peyrot, A., Pilcher, F., Pirenne, J-F., Piron, P., Polinska, M., Polotto, M., Poncy, R., Previt, J. P., Reignier, F., Renauld, D., Ricci, D., Richard, F., Rinner, C., Risoldi, V., Robilliard, D., Romeuf, D., Rousseau, G., Roy, R., Ruthroff, J., Salom, P. A., Salvador, L., Sanchez, S., Santana-Ros, T., Scholz, A., Séné, G., Skiff, B., Sobkowiak, K., Sogorb, P., Soldán, F., Spiridakis, A., Splanska, E., Sposetti, S., Starkey, D., Stephens, R., Stiepen, A., Stoss, R., Strajnic, J., Teng, J-P., Tumolo, G., Vagnozzi, A., Vanoutryve, B., Vugnon, J. M., Warner, B. D., Waucomont, M., Wertz, O., Winiarski, M., and Wolf, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Asteroid modeling efforts in the last decade resulted in a comprehensive dataset of almost 400 convex shape models and their rotation states. This amount already provided a deep insight into physical properties of main-belt asteroids or large collisional families. We aim to increase the number of asteroid shape models and rotation states. Such results are an important input for various further studies such as analysis of asteroid physical properties in different populations, including smaller collisional families, thermophysical modeling, and scaling shape models by disk-resolved images, or stellar occultation data. This provides, in combination with known masses, bulk density estimates, but constrains also theoretical collisional and evolutional models of the Solar System. We use all available disk-integrated optical data (i.e., classical dense-in-time photometry obtained from public databases and through a large collaboration network as well as sparse-in-time individual measurements from a few sky surveys) as an input for the convex inversion method, and derive 3D shape models of asteroids, together with their rotation periods and orientations of rotation axes. The key ingredient is the support of more that one hundred observers who submit their optical data to publicly available databases. We present updated shape models for 36 asteroids, for which mass estimates are currently available in the literature or their masses will be most likely determined from their gravitational influence on smaller bodies, which orbital deflection will be observed by the ESA Gaia astrometric mission. This was achieved by using additional optical data from recent apparitions for the shape optimization. Moreover, we also present new shape model determinations for 250 asteroids, including 13 Hungarias and 3 near-Earth asteroids., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2015
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9. Asteroids' physical models from combined dense and sparse photometry and scaling of the YORP effect by the observed obliquity distribution

Author

Hanuš, J., Ďurech, J., Brož, M., Marciniak, A., Warner, B. D., Pilcher, F., Stephens, R., Behrend, R., Carry, B., Čapek, D., Antonini, P., Audejean, M., Augustesen, K., Barbotin, E., Baudouin, P., Bayol, A., Bernasconi, L., Borczyk, W., Bosch, J. -G., Brochard, E., Brunetto, L., Casulli, S., Cazenave, A., Charbonnel, S., Christophe, B., Colas, F., Coloma, J., Conjat, M., Cooney, W., Correira, H., Cotrez, V., Coupier, A., Crippa, R., Cristofanelli, M., Dalmas, Ch., Danavaro, C., Demeautis, C., Droege, T., Durkee, R., Esseiva, N., Esteban, M., Fagas, M., Farroni, G., Fauvaud, M., Fauvaud, S., Del Freo, F., Garcia, L., Geier, S., Godon, C., Grangeon, K., Hamanowa, H., Heck, N., Hellmich, S., Higgins, D., Hirsch, R., Husarik, M., Itkonen, T., Jade, O., Kamiński, K., Kankiewicz, P., Klotz, A., Koff, R. A., Kryszczyńska, A., Kwiatkowski, T., Laffont, A., Leroy, A., Lecacheux, J., Leonie, Y., Leyrat, C., Manzini, F., Martin, A., Masi, G., Matter, D., Michałowski, J., Michałowski, M. J., Michałowski, T., Michelet, J., Michelsen, R., Morelle, E., Mottola, S., Naves, R., Nomen, J., Oey, J., Ogloza, W., Oksanen, A., Oszkiewicz, D., Pääkkönen, P., Paiella, M., Pallares, H., Paulo, J., Pavic, M., Payet, B., Polińska, M., Polishook, D., Poncy, R., Revaz, Y., Rinner, C., Rocca, M., Roche, A., Romeuf, D., Roy, R., Saguin, H., Salom, P. A., Sanchez, S., Santacana, G., Santana-Ros, T., Sareyan, J. -P., Sobkowiak, K., Sposetti, S., Starkey, D., Stoss, R., Strajnic, J., Teng, J. -P., Tregon, B., Vagnozzi, A., Velichko, F. P., Waelchli, N., Wagrez, K., and Wücher, H.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The larger number of models of asteroid shapes and their rotational states derived by the lightcurve inversion give us better insight into both the nature of individual objects and the whole asteroid population. With a larger statistical sample we can study the physical properties of asteroid populations, such as main-belt asteroids or individual asteroid families, in more detail. Shape models can also be used in combination with other types of observational data (IR, adaptive optics images, stellar occultations), e.g., to determine sizes and thermal properties. We use all available photometric data of asteroids to derive their physical models by the lightcurve inversion method and compare the observed pole latitude distributions of all asteroids with known convex shape models with the simulated pole latitude distributions. We used classical dense photometric lightcurves from several sources and sparse-in-time photometry from the U.S. Naval Observatory in Flagstaff, Catalina Sky Survey, and La Palma surveys (IAU codes 689, 703, 950) in the lightcurve inversion method to determine asteroid convex models and their rotational states. We also extended a simple dynamical model for the spin evolution of asteroids used in our previous paper. We present 119 new asteroid models derived from combined dense and sparse-in-time photometry. We discuss the reliability of asteroid shape models derived only from Catalina Sky Survey data (IAU code 703) and present 20 such models. By using different values for a scaling parameter cYORP (corresponds to the magnitude of the YORP momentum) in the dynamical model for the spin evolution and by comparing synthetics and observed pole-latitude distributions, we were able to constrain the typical values of the cYORP parameter as between 0.05 and 0.6., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A, January 15, 2013

Published
2013
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20. Analysis of chemical and transport processes of biogenic aerosols over the northern Apennines: insights from the WRF-CHIMERE modelElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ea00040d

Author

Vitali, Bruno, Bettineschi, Manuel, Cholakian, Arineh, Zardi, Dino, Bianchi, Federico, Sinclair, Victoria A., Mikkola, Johannes, Cristofanelli, Paolo, Marinoni, Angela, Mazzini, Martina, Heikkinen, Liine, Aurela, Minna, Paglione, Marco, Bessagnet, Bertrand, Tuccella, Paolo, and Ciarelli, Giancarlo

Abstract

Sources and transport processes of aerosols over the Italian northern Apennines are investigated with a focus on the area of the WMO/GAW global station of Mt. Cimone (CMN, 2165 m a.s.l.). The site is characterized by complex orography, representing a challenge for chemical transport model (CTM) applications when simulating processes controlling advection and diffusion of air pollutants within and above the planetary boundary layer (PBL). First, we extensively evaluated the skills of the WRF-CHIMERE (v2020r3) coupled CTM in reproducing both the meteorological conditions observed at the surface level of multiple weather stations and the sub-micrometre aerosol mass concentrations from intensive in situmeasurements performed at CMN during July 2017. The analysis of the meteorological fields revealed that the local thermally-driven flows occurring over the adjacent coastal and mountainous regions are very well reproduced by the model. The accuracy is less at higher altitudes in proximity of CMN and on the slopes facing the Po valley, where also fewer observational meteorological data were available. The discrepancies between the model output and observations, especially in the near-surface wind dynamics, are mainly associated with the smoothed topography of the terrain as represented in the model: at the resolution of 1 km small-scale orographic features and related meteorological phenomena cannot be adequately reproduced. Our results indicate that the modeled particle mass concentrations and its chemical composition are in good agreement with observational data, with organic aerosol contributing to about 60% of the total sub-micrometer aerosol load during the investigated time period and sulphate being the most important inorganic component. Additionally, a model-based source apportionment analysis revealed that organic aerosol, and specifically secondary organic aerosol (SOA), were mostly of biogenic origin (contributing up to 66% of the secondary organic aerosol fraction). We further analyze the transport of organic aerosol particles associated with the typical wind pattern developing at the interface between plains, valleys and ridges of the northern Apennines mountains. Despite uncertainties in source areas and formation mechanisms, the model results indicated that the upslope valley winds might sustain the funneling of biogenic aerosol particles to higher elevations up to the Apennines ridge, eventually to above the diagnosed PBL height. For biogenic organic aerosol this process is more effective on the south-western slope of the Apennines range. This may result from either more favourable meteorological conditions or larger availability of aerosol particles over the lowlands. This work represents the first high-resolution (1 km) CTM study investigating the region of Mt. Cimone and is intended to provide original insights on the vertical transport of aerosols particles into the free troposphere in regions characterized by a complex orography, such as the Alpine range, the European Alps, and the Apennines.

Published
2024
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32. Preliminary Estimation of Black Carbon Deposition from Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid Data and Its Possible Impact on Snow Albedo Changes Over Himalayan Glaciers During the Pre-Monsoon Season

Author

Yasunari, T. J, Bonasoni, P, Laj, P, Fujita, K, Vuillermoz, E, Marinoni, A, Cristofanelli, P, Duchi, R, Tartari, G, and Lau, K.-M

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

The possible minimal range of reduction in snow surface albedo due to dry deposition of black carbon (BC) in the pre-monsoon period (March-May) was estimated as a lower bound together with the estimation of its accuracy, based on atmospheric observations at the Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid (NCO-P) sited at 5079 m a.s.l. in the Himalayan region. We estimated a total BC deposition rate of 2.89 g m-2 day-1 providing a total deposition of 266 micrograms/ square m for March-May at the site, based on a calculation with a minimal deposition velocity of 1.0 10(exp -4) m/s with atmospheric data of equivalent BC concentration. Main BC size at NCO-P site was determined as 103.1-669.8 nm by correlation analysis between equivalent BC concentration and particulate size distribution in the atmosphere. We also estimated BC deposition from the size distribution data and found that 8.7% of the estimated dry deposition corresponds to the estimated BC deposition from equivalent BC concentration data. If all the BC is deposited uniformly on the top 2-cm pure snow, the corresponding BC concentration is 26.0-68.2 microgram/kg assuming snow density variations of 195-512 kg/ cubic m of Yala Glacier close to NCO-P site. Such a concentration of BC in snow could result in 2.0-5.2% albedo reductions. From a simple numerical calculations and if assuming these albedo reductions continue throughout the year, this would lead to a runoff increases of 70-204 mm of water drainage equivalent of 11.6-33.9% of the annual discharge of a typical Tibetan glacier. Our estimates of BC concentration in snow surface for pre-monsoon season can be considered comparable to those at similar altitude in the Himalayan region, where glaciers and perpetual snow region starts in the vicinity of NCO-P. Our estimates from only BC are likely to represent a lower bound for snow albedo reductions, since a fixed slower deposition velocity was used and atmospheric wind and turbulence effects, snow aging, dust deposition, and snow albedo feedbacks were not considered. This study represents the first investigation about BC deposition on snow from atmospheric aerosol data in Himalayas and related albedo effect is especially the first track at the southern slope of Himalayas.

Published
2010

33. European emissions of the powerful greenhouse gases hydrofluorocarbons inferred from atmospheric measurements and their comparison with annual national reports to UNFCCC

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Graziosi, F., Arduini, J., Furlani, F., Giostra, U., Cristofanelli, P., Fang, Xinding, Hermanssen, O., Lunder, C., Maenhout, G., O'Doherty, S., Reimann, S., Schmidbauer, N., Vollmer, M.K., Young, D., Maione, M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Graziosi, F., Arduini, J., Furlani, F., Giostra, U., Cristofanelli, P., Fang, Xinding, Hermanssen, O., Lunder, C., Maenhout, G., O'Doherty, S., Reimann, S., Schmidbauer, N., Vollmer, M.K., Young, D., and Maione, M.

Abstract

Hydrofluorocarbons are powerful greenhouse gases developed by industry after the phase-out of the ozone depleting chlorofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons required by the Montreal Protocol. The climate benefit of reducing the emissions of hydrofluorocarbons has been widely recognised, leading to an amendment of the Montreal Protocol (Kigali Amendment) calling for developed countries to start to phase-down hydrofluorocarbons by 2019 and in developing countries to follow with a freeze between 2024 and 2028. In this way, nearly half a degree Celsius of warming would be avoided by the end of the century. Hydrofluorocarbons are also included in the basket of gases controlled under the Kyoto Protocol of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Annex I parties to the Convention submit annual national greenhouse gas inventories based on a bottom-up approach, which relies on declared anthropogenic activities. Top-down methodologies, based on atmospheric measurements and modelling, can be used in support to the inventory compilation. In this study we used atmospheric data from four European sites combined with the FLEXPART dispersion model and a Bayesian inversion method, in order to derive emissions of nine individual hydrofluorocarbons from the whole European Geographic Domain and from twelve regions within it, then comparing our results with the annual emissions that the European countries submit every year to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, as well as with the bottom-up Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research. We found several discrepancies when considering the specific compounds and on the country level. However, an overall agreement is found when comparing European aggregated data, which between 2008 and 2014 are on average 84.2 ± 28.0 Tg-CO2-eq·yr−1 against the 95.1 Tg-CO2-eq·yr−1 reported by UNFCCC in the same period. Therefore, in agreement with other studies, the gap on the global level between bottom-u

Published
2020

35. Black Carbon and Ozone Variability at the Kathmandu Valley and at the Southern Himalayas: A Comparison between a 'Hot Spot' and a Downwind High-Altitude Site

Author

Putero, D., Marinoni, A., Calzolari, F., Rupakheti, M., Cristofanelli, P., and Bonasoni, P.

Subjects
geography, Ozone, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Planetary boundary layer, Air pollution, 010501 environmental sciences, Effects of high altitude on humans, medicine.disease_cause, Urban area, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, Troposphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Climatology, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, Foothills, Physical geography, Air mass, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Several studies have reported the transport of short-lived climate forcers/pollutants (SLCF/P) from the highly polluted areas in southern Asia (e.g., the Indo-Gangetic Plain and the Himalayan foothills) to the Himalayas, with significant implications for the global and regional climate, crop yields, and human health. In this work, we perform a comparison of nearly three years (February 2013–October 2015) of simultaneous black carbon (BC) and surface ozone (O3) measurements at two sites in Nepal, viz., Paknajol (1380 m a.s.l.), in the Kathmandu Valley, and the WMO/GAW global station Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid (NCO-P, 5079 m a.s.l.), near the base camp of Mt. Everest. The two sites are only 150 km apart and are characterized by different situations: While the Kathmandu Valley is one of the regional urban “hot spots” for concerns related to air pollution, NCO-P is representative of the background conditions of the high Himalayas and the free troposphere. Therefore, the possible role played by emissions occurring in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) of the Kathmandu Valley in influencing the variability in SLCF/P at NCO-P was investigated. BC and O3 concentrations at NCO-P showed a linear correlation with the modeled PBL height over the Kathmandu urban area, providing evidence that the anthropogenic emissions occurring within the Kathmandu PBL could affect the variability in BC and O3 at NCO-P. Furthermore, when introducing an additional constraint into the analysis (viz., back-trajectories), we show that on days when air mass transport between the two measurement sites was observed (10% of the period), at least 22% and 16% of BC and O3 variability at NCO-P can be explained by concurrent variability in SLCF/P over the Kathmandu Valley.

Published
2018

36. Weak precipitation, warm winters and springs impact glaciers of south slopes of Mt. Everest (central Himalaya) in the last 2 decades (1994–2013)

Author

Salerno, F., Guyennon, N., Thakuri, S., Viviano, G., Romano, E., Vuillermoz, E., Cristofanelli, P., Stocchi, P., Agrillo, G., Ma, Y., and Tartari, G.

Subjects
lcsh:GE1-350, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Glacier, Structural basin, Monsoon, Snow, Debris, lcsh:Geology, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Period (geology), remote areas, climate change, trend analysis, Physical geography, Precipitation, Geology, lcsh:Environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Ablation zone
Abstract

Studies on recent climate trends from the Himalayan range are limited, and even completely absent at high elevation (> 5000 m a.s.l.). This study specifically explores the southern slopes of Mt. Everest, analyzing the time series of temperature and precipitation reconstructed from seven stations located between 2660 and 5600 m a.s.l. during 1994–2013, complemented with the data from all existing ground weather stations located on both sides of the mountain range (Koshi Basin) over the same period. Overall we find that the main and most significant increase in temperature is concentrated outside of the monsoon period. Above 5000 m a.s.l. the increasing trend in the time series of minimum temperature (+0.072 °C yr−1) is much stronger than of maximum temperature (+0.009 °C yr−1), while the mean temperature increased by +0.044 °C yr−1. Moreover, we note a substantial liquid precipitation weakening (−9.3 mm yr−1) during the monsoon season. The annual rate of decrease in precipitation at higher elevations is similar to the one at lower elevations on the southern side of the Koshi Basin, but the drier conditions of this remote environment make the fractional loss much more consistent (−47% during the monsoon period). Our results challenge the assumptions on whether temperature or precipitation is the main driver of recent glacier mass changes in the region. The main implications are the following: (1) the negative mass balances of glaciers observed in this region can be more ascribed to a decrease in accumulation (snowfall) than to an increase in surface melting; (2) the melting has only been favoured during winter and spring months and close to the glaciers terminus; (3) a decrease in the probability of snowfall (−10%) has made a significant impact only at glacier ablation zone, but the magnitude of this decrease is distinctly lower than the observed decrease in precipitation; (4) the decrease in accumulation could have caused the observed decrease in glacier flow velocity and the current stagnation of glacier termini, which in turn could have produced more melting under the debris glacier cover, leading to the formation of numerous supraglacial and proglacial lakes that have characterized the region in the last decades.

Published
2015
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37. Humoral- and T-Cell–Specific Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination in Patients With MS Using Different Disease-Modifying Therapies

Author

Tortorella, Carla, Aiello, Alessandra, Gasperini, Claudio, Agrati, Chiara, Castilletti, Concetta, Ruggieri, Serena, Meschi, Silvia, Matusali, Giulia, Colavita, Francesca, Farroni, Chiara, Cuzzi, Gilda, Cimini, Eleonora, Tartaglia, Eleonora, Vanini, Valentina, Prosperini, Luca, Haggiag, Shalom, Galgani, Simona, Quartuccio, Maria Esmeralda, Salmi, Andrea, Repele, Federica, Altera, Anna Maria Gerarda, Cristofanelli, Flavia, D'Abramo, Alessandra, Bevilacqua, Nazario, Corpolongo, Angela, Puro, Vincenzo, Vaia, Francesco, Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria, Ippolito, Giuseppe, Nicastri, Emanuele, Goletti, Delia, Lapa, Daniele, Francalancia, Massimo, Bettini, Aurora, Gramigna, Giulia, Forbici, Federica, Gall`ı, Paola, Marani, Alessandra, Possi, Adriano, Capri, Andrea, Santoro, Annapaola, Orchi, Nicoletta, Butera, Ornella, Fard, Saeid Najafi, Petrone, Linda, and Petruccioli, Elisa

Published
2022
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40. The fingerprint of the summer 2018 drought in Europe on ground-based atmospheric CO2 measurements.

Author

Ramonet, M., Ciais, P., Apadula, F., Bartyzel, J., Bastos, A., Bergamaschi, P., Blanc, P. E., Brunner, D., Caracciolo di Torchiarolo, L., Calzolari, F., Chen, H., Chmura, L., Colomb, A., Conil, S., Cristofanelli, P., Cuevas, E., Curcoll, R., Delmotte, M., di Sarra, A., and Emmenegger, L.

Subjects
ATMOSPHERE, DROUGHTS, SOIL moisture, GROWING season, CARBON dioxide, HEAT waves (Meteorology)
Abstract

During the summer of 2018, a widespread drought developed over Northern and Central Europe. The increase in temperature and the reduction of soil moisture have influenced carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems in various ways, such as a reduction of photosynthesis, changes in ecosystem respiration, or allowing more frequent fires. In this study, we characterize the resulting perturbation of the atmospheric CO2 seasonal cycles. 2018 has a good coverage of European regions affected by drought, allowing the investigation of how ecosystem flux anomalies impacted spatial CO2 gradients between stations. This density of stations is unprecedented compared to previous drought events in 2003 and 2015, particularly thanks to the deployment of the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) network of atmospheric greenhouse gas monitoring stations in recent years. Seasonal CO2 cycles from 48 European stations were available for 2017 and 2018. Earlier data were retrieved for comparison from international databases or national networks. Here, we show that the usual summer minimum in CO2 due to the surface carbon uptake was reduced by 1.4 ppm in 2018 for the 10 stations located in the area most affected by the temperature anomaly, mostly in Northern Europe. Notwithstanding, the CO2 transition phases before and after July were slower in 2018 compared to 2017, suggesting an extension of the growing season, with either continued CO2 uptake by photosynthesis and/or a reduction in respiration driven by the depletion of substrate for respiration inherited from the previous months due to the drought. For stations with sufficiently long time series, the CO2 anomaly observed in 2018 was compared to previous European droughts in 2003 and 2015. Considering the areas most affected by the temperature anomalies, we found a higher CO2 anomaly in 2003 (+3 ppm averaged over 4 sites), and a smaller anomaly in 2015 (+1 ppm averaged over 11 sites) compared to 2018. This article is part of the theme issue 'Impacts of the 2018 severe drought and heatwave in Europe: from site to continental scale'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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41. The Increasing Surface Ozone and Tropospheric Ozone in Antarctica and Their Possible Drivers

Author

Kumar, Pankaj, Kuttippurath, Jayanarayanan, von der Gathen, Peter, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Johnson, Bryan, McClure-Begley, Audra, Cristofanelli, Paolo, Bonasoni, Paolo, Barlasina, Maria Elena, and Sánchez, Ricardo

Abstract

A comprehensive analysis of the temporal evolution of tropospheric ozone in Antarctica using more than 25 years of surface ozone and ozonesonde measurements reveals significant changes in tropospheric ozone there. It shows a positive trend in ozone at the surface and lower and mid-troposphere, but a negative trend in the upper troposphere. We also find significant links between different climate modes and tropospheric ozone in Antarctica and observe that changes in residual overturning circulation, the strength of the polar vortex, and stratosphere–troposphere exchange make noticeable variability in tropospheric ozone. Therefore, this study alerts of increasing ozone concentration in Antarctica, which would have a profound impact on the future climate of the region as tropospheric ozone has warming feedback to the Earth’s climate.

Published
2021
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44. Atmospheric Ice Nuclei measurements

Author

Rinaldi M., Nicosia A., Decesari S., Paglione M., Sandrini S., Marinoni A., Cristofanelli P., Tarozzi L., Santachiara G., Facchini M.C., and Belosi F

Subjects
ice Nuclei
Published
2017

45. Five-Year Survival after First-Ever Ischaemic Stroke Is Worse in Total Anterior Circulation Infarcts: The SINPAC Cohort

Author

Reggiani, M., Valle d'Aosta per le Cerebrovasculopatie Group, S. I. Piemonte e., Sciolla, R, Ferrari, G, Cerrato, P, Labate, C, Priano, Lorenzo, Leone, M, Appiotti, A, Priano, L, Gruppallo, F, Verdun, E, Doriguzzi, C, Magliola, U, Pipieri, A, Bottacchi, E, Corso, G, D'Alessandro, G, De Mattei, M, Rudà, R, Enrico, E, Maggio, M, Giobbe, D, Palmiero, R, Calvi, L, Grasso, E, Gerbino Promis PC, Meineri, P, Terazzi, E, Mittino, D, Gai, P, Buffa, C, Cordera, S, Rocci, E, Liboni, W, Pavanelli, E, Oddenino, E, Villani, A, Conte, R, Cristofanelli, P, Provera, P, Gilardengo, P, Dutto, A, Gagliano, A, Cognazzo, A, Nobili, M, Zurlo, F, Vivalda, L, Ravetti, C, Lovera, N, and Chianale, G.

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Anterior Cerebral Artery, Infarction, Brain Ischemia, Cohort Studies, Brain ischemia, Predictive Value of Tests, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, medicine.artery, 80 and over, medicine, Anterior cerebral artery, Humans, Infarction, Anterior Cerebral Artery, Stroke, Survival analysis, Aged, Cerebral Hemorrhage, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Female, Length of Stay, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Survival Analysis, medicine.disease, Surgery, Neurology, Predictive value of tests, Cohort, Cardiology, Neurology (clinical), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Cohort study
Abstract

Background: Few studies have addressed predictors of long-term mortality after first-ever ischaemic stroke. Methods: We prospectively collected data on 361 consecutive patients admitted to 18 neurology departments in Italy for a first-ever ischaemic stroke in 1999, categorized according to the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP) classification. Age, gender, risk factors, previous vascular disease, in-hospital complications, stroke severity, functional status, therapy and living place at admission, discharge and after 6 months were recorded. Follow-up was available for 97% patients at 5 years. Results: Survival probability was 91% (95% CI = 88–94) at 1 month, 84% (80–88) at 6 months and 64% (58–69) at 5 years. Mortality was higher for the TACI (total anterior circulation infarct) group compared to the other categories (p < 0.0001). Hazard ratios for 5-year mortality in the final model were: 5.4 for age ≥65 years (p < 0.0001), 2.8 for TACI (p < 0.0001), 2.7 for previous vascular disease (p < 0.01) and 1.9 for cardio-embolic risk according to the TOAST risk stratification (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our study extends the prognostic value of the OCSP classification to 5-year survival.

Published
2008
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47. Seasonal variation of ozone and black carbon observed at Paknajol, an urban area in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Author

Putero, D., Cristofanelli, P., Marinoni, A., Adhikary, B., Duchi, R., Das Shrestha, S., Pietro Verza, G., Landi, T., Calzolari, F., Busetto, M., Agrillo, G., Biancofiore, F., Di Carlo, P., Panday, A., Rupakheti, M., and Bonasoni, P.

Abstract

The Kathmandu Valley in the Himalayan foothills, considered as one of the global "hot spots" for what concerns air pollution, is currently facing severe air quality problems due to rapid urbanization processes, dramatic land use changes, socioeconomic transformation and high population growth. In this work, we present the first full year (February 2013 - February 2014) analysis of simultaneous measurements of two short-lived climate forcers/pollutants (SLCF/P), i.e. ozone (O3) and equivalent black carbon (BC), and aerosol number concentration at Paknajol (27°43'4'' N, 85°18'32'' E, 1380 m a.s.l.), in the city center of Kathmandu. These observations were carried out in the framework of the SusKat-ABC (A Sustainable Atmosphere for the Kathmandu Valley - Atmospheric Brown Cloud) campaign in Nepal. The diurnal behavior of BC and aerosol number concentration indicated that local pollution sources represent the major contribution to air pollution in this city. In addition to photochemistry, the planetary boundary layer (PBL) dynamic plays an important role in determining O3 variability, as suggested by the analysis of seasonal changes of the diurnal cycles and the correlation with meteorological parameters and aerosol properties. Especially during pre-monsoon, high values of O3 were observed during the afternoon/evening. This could be related to mixing and entrainment processes between upper residual layers and the PBL. During this season, the high O3 appeared well related to the impact of major open vegetation fires occurring in Nepal. On a synoptic-scale perspective, westerly and regional atmospheric circulations appeared to be especially conducive for the occurrence of the high BC and O3 values. The very high values of the SLCF/P, detected during the whole measurement period, indicated persisting adverse air quality conditions, dangerous for the health of over 3 million residents of the Kathmandu Valley, and the environment. Consequently, all of this information may be useful for implementing control measures to mitigate the occurrence of acute pollution levels in the Kathmandu Valley and the surrounding area.

Published
2016

49. Effect of the extreme summer heat waves on isolated populations of two orophitic plants in the north Apennines (Italy)

Author

Abeli, T, Rossi, G, Gentili, R, Gandini, M, Mondoni, A, Cristofanelli, P, GENTILI, RODOLFO FILIPPO, Cristofanelli, P., Abeli, T, Rossi, G, Gentili, R, Gandini, M, Mondoni, A, Cristofanelli, P, GENTILI, RODOLFO FILIPPO, and Cristofanelli, P.

Abstract

One of the lesser known effects of global climate change is the occurrence of heat waves. Climatic models predict that heat waves will become more intense, longer lasting and/or more frequent, as a consequence of the increased inter-annual variability and increased average values of summer temperatures. Plants are damaged by heat waves through direct effects of extreme temperatures influencing plant physiology and through indirect effects, like drought and exposure to high ozone concentration. This study investigates the flowering abundance and biomass production of two orophytic species, Alopecurus alpinus Vill. and Vicia cusnae Foggi et Ricceri following the heat wave that occurred in the summer of 2003 and analyses the effects of summer temperatures during the period 1999-2004 on the species reproductive performance. In 2003, we observed a significant decrease in the number of flowering stems and flowers per flowering stem for both species. Flower production reached its lowest value in correspondence to the heat wave in 2003 and Redundancy Analysis showed that flower production was related to the mean June temperature. Flower production was more sensitive than vegetative growth, which was maintained. This suggests that changes in reproductive strategies, e.g. changes in the ratio between sexual and clonal reproduction, may occur by as an effect of extreme weather events. Such changes may be of great importance when the population consists of a small number of flowering individuals, as is the case for A. alpinus and V. cusnae in the study area. As a consequence, although the plants generally responded positively to gradual warming, we found that, during the monitoring period 1999-2004, extreme temperatures had a negative effect on A. alpinus and V. cusnae.

Published
2012

50. Response of alpine plant flower production to temperature and snow cover fluctuation at the species range boundary

Author

Abeli, T, Rossi, G, Gentili, R, Mondoni, A, Cristofanelli, P, GENTILI, RODOLFO FILIPPO, Cristofanelli, P., Abeli, T, Rossi, G, Gentili, R, Mondoni, A, Cristofanelli, P, GENTILI, RODOLFO FILIPPO, and Cristofanelli, P.

Abstract

Surface temperatures have risen globally during the last 30 years, especially in alpine areas. It is recognized that these increases are influencing phenology, physiology and distribution of plants. However, few studies have addressed the effects of climate warming at the species range boundary, where plants are expected to be more stressed. We analysed 11-year data sets of inflorescence production of four alpine plants (Carex foetida, Leucanthemopsis alpina, Senecio incanus, Silene suecica) at the southern boundary of their distribution range in the N-Apennines (N-Italy), in relation to air temperature and snow cover persistence. Inflorescence production of all species fluctuated greatly and was significantly affected by the variation of the mean temperature of June/July. We found significant relationships also between species data series and the snow cover persistence. Moreover, species responded differently to such parameters. One species showed a significant decrease of the reproductive effort, whereas the other three showed a stable trend of inflorescence production. We have shown that some alpine species are favoured by increased temperature and reduced snow cover even at the boundary of their range, where they are thought to be particularly sensitive to warming. However, the aptitude to cope with climate change might be limited by competition against thermophilous species migrating from lower altitude and in some cases by the low altitude of mountain peaks that prevent species upward migration. The individualistic response of species to climate change found here, support the statement that the composition of plant communities might rapidly change in the future.

Published
2012

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