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6. Progress in Diagnosing and Treating Chronic Kidney Disease

Author

Crook, Errol D. and Anaya, John

Subjects
Medical research -- Evaluation, Medicine, Experimental -- Evaluation, Chronic kidney failure -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment, Science and technology
Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading cause of death in the United States and has a high incidence and prevalence in Mississippi and other Southeastern US states. While 15% of US adults are estimated to have CKD, unfortunately, the majority of people with CKD are unaware of their diagnosis. CKD accounts for a disproportionate share of Medicare spending with much of this spending due to the cardiovascular complications associated with CKD. Health disparities are significant in CKD with ethnic minority populations, particularly African American and Hispanic, and those in poverty having significantly higher rates of CKD. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the most common cause of CKD, and it is known that blood pressure control, use of renin-angiotensin inhibitors, and blood sugar control slows the progression of CKD in patients with DM. Despite this knowledge the incidence and prevalence of CKD continues to increase and many of those who achieve blood pressure and blood sugar control will still have progression of CKD. We review progress in earlier detection of those at risk for CKD, particularly due to DM, and progress in determining who may be at higher risk of progression. In addition, we outline newer pharmacologic therapies that slow the progression of CKD and have additional benefits of preventing the cardio vascular complications of CKD KEY WORDS: African American (AA), Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Diabetes Kidney Disease (DKD), End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD), Health Disparities (HD), APOL-1, INTRODUCTION Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) (see Table 1 for definitions) is a common cause of death and disability in the United States. Approximately 1 in 7 adults has chronic kidney [...]

Published
2022
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7. Consolidating the Academic End of a Community-Based Participatory Research Venture to Address Health Disparities

Author

Arrieta, Martha I., Fisher, Leevones, Shaw, Thomas, Bryan, Valerie, Hudson, Andrea, Hansberry, Shantisha, Eastburn, Sasha, Freed, Christopher R., Shelley-Tremblay, Shannon, Hanks, Roma Stovall, Washington-Lewis, Cynthia, Roussel, Linda, Dagenais, Paul A., Icenogle, Marjorie, Slagle, Michelle L., Parker, L. Lynette, and Crook, Errol

Abstract

Although there is strong support for community engagement and community-based participatory research (CBPR) from public health entities, medical organizations, and major grant-funding institutions, such endeavors often face challenges within academic institutions. Fostering the interest, skills, and partnerships to undertake participatory research projects and truly impact the community requires an interdisciplinary team with the competencies and values to engage in this type of research. Discussed in this article is how a CBPR-focused team evolved at a southern university, with emphasis on the activities that supported group identity, contributed to its evolution, and positioned the group to speak with authority in promoting CBPR as a tool for addressing health disparities.

Published
2017

18. Large-Scale Gene-Centric Meta-Analysis across 39 Studies Identifies Type 2 Diabetes Loci

Author

Saxena, Richa, Elbers, Clara C., Guo, Yiran, Peter, Inga, Gaunt, Tom R., Mega, Jessica L., Lanktree, Matthew B., Tare, Archana, Castillo, Berta Almoguera, Li, Yun R., Johnson, Toby, Bruinenberg, Marcel, Gilbert-Diamond, Diane, Rajagopalan, Ramakrishnan, Voight, Benjamin F., Balasubramanyam, Ashok, Barnard, John, Bauer, Florianne, Baumert, Jens, Bhangale, Tushar, Böhm, Bernhard O., Braund, Peter S., Burton, Paul R., Chandrupatla, Hareesh R., Clarke, Robert, Cooper-DeHoff, Rhonda M., Crook, Errol D., Davey-Smith, George, Day, Ian N., de Boer, Anthonius, de Groot, Mark C.H., Drenos, Fotios, Ferguson, Jane, Fox, Caroline S., Furlong, Clement E., Gibson, Quince, Gieger, Christian, Gilhuijs-Pederson, Lisa A., Glessner, Joseph T., Goel, Anuj, Gong, Yan, Grant, Struan F.A., Grobbee, Diederick E., Hastie, Claire, Humphries, Steve E., Kim, Cecilia E., Kivimaki, Mika, Kleber, Marcus, Meisinger, Christa, Kumari, Meena, Langaee, Taimour Y., Lawlor, Debbie A., Li, Mingyao, Lobmeyer, Maximilian T., Maitland-van der Zee, Anke-Hilse, Meijs, Matthijs F.L., Molony, Cliona M., Morrow, David A., Murugesan, Gurunathan, Musani, Solomon K., Nelson, Christopher P., Newhouse, Stephen J., O'Connell, Jeffery R., Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Palmen, Jutta, Patel, Sanjey R., Pepine, Carl J., Pettinger, Mary, Price, Thomas S., Rafelt, Suzanne, Ranchalis, Jane, Rasheed, Asif, Rosenthal, Elisabeth, Ruczinski, Ingo, Shah, Sonia, Shen, Haiqing, Silbernagel, Günther, Smith, Erin N., Spijkerman, Annemieke W.M., Stanton, Alice, Steffes, Michael W., Thorand, Barbara, Trip, Mieke, van der Harst, Pim, van der A, Daphne L., van Iperen, Erik P.A., van Setten, Jessica, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V., Verweij, Niek, Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H.R., Young, Taylor, Zafarmand, M. Hadi, Zmuda, Joseph M., Boehnke, Michael, Altshuler, David, McCarthy, Mark, Kao, W.H. Linda, Pankow, James S., Cappola, Thomas P., Sever, Peter, Poulter, Neil, Caulfield, Mark, Dominiczak, Anna, Shields, Denis C., Bhatt, Deepak L., Zhang, Li, Curtis, Sean P., Danesh, John, Casas, Juan P., van der Schouw, Yvonne T., Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte, Doevendans, Pieter A., Dorn, Gerald W., II, Farrall, Martin, FitzGerald, Garret A., Hamsten, Anders, Hegele, Robert, Hingorani, Aroon D., Hofker, Marten H., Huggins, Gordon S., Illig, Thomas, Jarvik, Gail P., Johnson, Julie A., Klungel, Olaf H., Knowler, William C., Koenig, Wolfgang, März, Winfried, Meigs, James B., Melander, Olle, Munroe, Patricia B., Mitchell, Braxton D., Bielinski, Susan J., Rader, Daniel J., Reilly, Muredach P., Rich, Stephen S., Rotter, Jerome I., Saleheen, Danish, Samani, Nilesh J., Schadt, Eric E., Shuldiner, Alan R., Silverstein, Roy, Kottke-Marchant, Kandice, Talmud, Philippa J., Watkins, Hugh, Asselbergs, Folkert W., de Bakker, Paul I.W., McCaffery, Jeanne, Wijmenga, Cisca, Sabatine, Marc S., Wilson, James G., Reiner, Alex, Bowden, Donald W., Hakonarson, Hakon, Siscovick, David S., and Keating, Brendan J.

Published
2012
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20. Neurovascular Dysfunction in Diverse Communities With Health Disparities—Contributions to Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease

Author

Saiyasit, Napatsorn, primary, Butlig, Evan-Angelo R., additional, Chaney, Samantha D., additional, Traylor, Miranda K., additional, Hawley, Nanako A., additional, Randall, Ryleigh B., additional, Bobinger, Hanna V., additional, Frizell, Carl A., additional, Trimm, Franklin, additional, Crook, Errol D., additional, Lin, Mike, additional, Hill, Benjamin D., additional, Keller, Joshua L., additional, and Nelson, Amy R., additional

Published
2022
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31. All‐cause unplanned readmissions in the United States: insights from the Nationwide Readmission Database.

Author

Amritphale, Amod, Fonarow, Gregg C., Amritphale, Nupur, Omar, Bassam, and Crook, Errol D.

Subjects
PATIENT readmissions, DISEASE incidence, DESCRIPTIVE statistics
Abstract

Background: There are few studies looking into adult, all‐cause and age‐group‐specific unplanned readmissions. The predictors of such unplanned readmissions for all inpatient encounters remain obscure. Aims: To describe the incidence and factors associated with unplanned readmissions in all inpatient encounters in the United States. Methods: The US Nationwide Readmission Database (NRD) is a representative sample of hospitalisations in the United States (from approximately 28 states) accounting for approximately 60% of the US population. All inpatient encounters during January–November 2017 in the NRD were evaluated for the rates, predictors and costs of unplanned 30 days readmissions for age groups 18–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–75 years and ≥75 years. Elective readmissions and those patients who died on their index hospitalisations were excluded. Weighted analysis was performed to obtain nationally representative data. Results: We identified 28 942 224 inpatient encounters with a total of 3 051 189 (10.5%) unplanned readmissions within 30 days. The age groups 18–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74 years and ≥75 years had 7.0%, 12.0%, 11.7% and 12.3% readmissions respectively. Female gender, private insurance and elective admissions were negative predictors for readmissions. For the group aged 18–44 years, schizophrenia and diabetes mellitus complications were the most frequent primary diagnosis for readmissions, while in all older age groups septicaemia and heart failure were the most frequent primary diagnosis for readmissions. Conclusions: Thirty‐day unplanned readmissions are common in patients over age 45 years, leading to significant morbidity. Effective strategies for reducing unplanned readmission may help to improve quality of care, outcomes and higher value care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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41. Contributors

Author

Acelajado, Maria Czarina, primary, Allcock, Darren M., additional, Allison, Matthew A., additional, Anderson, Craig, additional, Appel, Lawrence J., additional, Arima, Hisatomi, additional, Arnett, Donna K., additional, August, Phyllis, additional, Bakris, George L., additional, Bard, Robert L., additional, Basile, Jan N., additional, Bilo, Grzegorz, additional, Black, Henry R., additional, Bloch, Michael J., additional, Bombelli, Michele, additional, Brook, Robert D., additional, Calhoun, David A., additional, Campbell, Norman R.C., additional, Campbell, Patrick T., additional, Carlberg, Bo, additional, Carter, Barry L., additional, Chalmers, John, additional, Chapman, Neil, additional, Claas, Steven A., additional, Criqui, Michael H., additional, Crook, Errol D., additional, Deedwania, Prakash C., additional, Desai, Mehul, additional, Eagle, Kim A., additional, Elliott, William J., additional, Falkner, Bonita, additional, Flack, John M., additional, Franklin, Stanley S., additional, Freudenberger, Ronald, additional, Frishman, William H., additional, Giles, Thomas D., additional, Gonzalez-Santos, Lourdes, additional, Gorelick, Philip B., additional, Grassi, Guido, additional, Grim, Carlene M., additional, Grim, Clarence E., additional, Grossman, Ehud, additional, Gupta, Rajeev, additional, Ho, P. Michael, additional, Hyman, David J., additional, Izzo, Joseph L., additional, Kokkoris, Panagiotis, additional, Kostis, John B., additional, Krum, Henry, additional, LaRosa, John C., additional, Lazich, Ivana, additional, Levy, Daniel, additional, Levy, Phillip, additional, Liebson, Philip R., additional, Lindholm, Lars H., additional, Lloyd-Jones, Donald M., additional, Lombardi, Carolina, additional, Lynch, Amy I., additional, Mancia, Giuseppe, additional, Materson, Barry J., additional, Messerli, Franz H., additional, Nasser, Samar A., additional, Neal, Bruce, additional, Neaton, James D., additional, Oparil, Suzanne, additional, Parati, Gianfranco, additional, Pavlik, Valory N., additional, Pi-Sunyer, F. Xavier, additional, Podymow, Tiina, additional, Pool, James L., additional, Rehman, Shakaib U., additional, Reidy, James J., additional, Rosendorff, Clive, additional, Sagar, Utpal N., additional, Schlaich, Markus, additional, Sega, Roberto, additional, Setaro, John F., additional, Shah, Hajra Z., additional, Sica, Domenic A., additional, Singh, Manmeet M., additional, Sobotka, Paul A., additional, Sowers, James R., additional, Stockbridge, Norman, additional, Szeto, Ignatius M.Y., additional, Taler, Sandra J., additional, Temple, Robert, additional, Throckmorton, Douglas C., additional, Turnbull, Fiona, additional, Udani, Suneel, additional, Vallbona, Carlos, additional, Vidt, Donald G., additional, Whaley-Connell, Adam T., additional, White, William B., additional, Williams, Bryan, additional, Wilson, Peter W.F., additional, Wong, Nathan D., additional, Young, William F., additional, and Zanchetti, Alberto, additional

Published
2013
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43. Hexosamines and TGF-[[beta].sub.1] use similar signaling pathways to mediate matrix protein synthesis in mesangial cells

Author

Singh, Lalit P., Green, Kenneith, Alexander, Michelle, Bassly, Shira, and Crook, Errol D.

Subjects
Hexosamines -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Hyperglycemia-induced alterations in mesangial (MES) cell function and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein accumulation are seen in diabetic glomerulopathy. Transforming growth factor-[[beta].sub.1] (TGF-[[beta].sub.1]) mediates high-glucose-induced matrix production in the kidney. Recent studies demonstrated that some of the effects of high glucose on cellular metabolism are mediated by the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) in which fructose-6-phosphate is convened to glucosamine (GlcN) 6-phosphate. We previously showed that the high-glucose-mediated fibronectin and laminin synthesis in MES cells is mediated by the HBP and that GlcN is more potent than glucose in inducing TGF-[[beta].sub.1] promoter luciferase activity. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that the effects of glucose on MES matrix production occur via hexosamine regulation of TGF-[[beta].sub.1]. Culturing simian virus (SV)-40-transformed rat kidney MES cells in 25 mM glucose (HG) for 48 h increases cellular fibronectin and laminin levels about twofold on Western blots compared with low glucose (5 mM). GlcN (1.5 mM) or TGF-[[beta].sub.1] (2.5-5 ng/ml) for 24-48 h also increases ECM synthesis. However, the effects of HG or GlcN with TGF-[[beta].sub.1] are not additive. The presence of anti-TGF-[[beta].sub.1] antibodies (20 [micro]g/ml) blocks both TGF-[[beta].sub.1]- and GlcN-induced fibronectin synthesis. TGF-[[beta].sub.1] increased ECM levels via PKA (laminin and fibronectin) and PKC (fibronectin) pathways. Similarly, TGF-[[beta].sub.1] and hexosamines led to nonadditive increases in phosphorylation of the cAMP responsive element binding transcription factor. These results suggest that the effects of excess glucose on MES ECM synthesis occur via HBP-mediated regulation of TGF-[[beta].sub.1]. diabetic nephropathy; hexosamine pathway; transforming growth factor-[beta]; extracellular matrix protein; cell signaling

Published
2004

45. Transferability and Fine Mapping of Type 2 Diabetes Loci in African Americans: The Candidate Gene Association Resource Plus Study

Author

Ng, Maggie C.Y., Saxena, Richa, Li, Jiang, Palmer, Nicholette D., Dimitrov, Latchezar, Xu, Jianzhao, Rasmussen-Torvik, Laura J., Zmuda, Joseph M., Siscovick, David S., Patel, Sanjay R., Crook, Errol D., Sims, Mario, Chen, Yii-Der I., Bertoni, Alain G., Li, Mingyao, Grant, Struan F.A., Dupuis, Josée, Meigs, James B., Psaty, Bruce M., Pankow, James S., Langefeld, Carl D., Freedman, Barry I., Rotter, Jerome I., Wilson, James G., and Bowden, Donald W.

Published
2013
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48. Hypertension in African Americans

Author

Flack, John M., primary, Shafi, Tariq, additional, Chandra, Shalini, additional, Ramos, Jason, additional, Nasser, Samar A., additional, and Crook, Errol D., additional

Published
2007
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49. Contributors

Author

Allison, Matthew A., primary, Anderson, Craig, additional, Appel, Lawrence J., additional, August, Phyllis, additional, Bakris, George L., additional, Bard, Robert L., additional, Basile, Jan N., additional, Bilo, Grzegorz, additional, Black, Henry R., additional, Bloch, Michael J., additional, Bravo, Emmanuel L., additional, Brook, Robert D., additional, Calhoun, David A., additional, Carter, Barry L., additional, Chalmers, John, additional, Chandra, Shalini, additional, Chapman, Neil, additional, Choi, Kenneth L., additional, Cooper, Richard S., additional, Criqui, Michael H., additional, Crook, Errol D., additional, Deedwania, Prakash C., additional, Desai, Mehul G., additional, Eagle, Kim A., additional, Elliott, William J., additional, Falkner, Bonita, additional, Fields, Larry E., additional, Flack, John M., additional, Franco, Veronica, additional, Franklin, Stanley S., additional, Freudenberger, Ronald S., additional, Frishman, William H., additional, Gorelick, Philip B., additional, Grassi, Guido, additional, Grim, Carlene M., additional, Grim, Clarence E., additional, Grossman, Ehud, additional, Gupta, Rajeev, additional, Hyman, David J., additional, Izzo, Joseph L., additional, Kokkoris, Panagiotis, additional, Kostis, John B., additional, Kotchen, Jane Morley, additional, Kotchen, Theodore A., additional, LaRosa, John C., additional, Levy, Daniel, additional, Liebson, Philip R., additional, Lloyd-Jones, Donald M., additional, Lombardi, Carolina, additional, Mancia, Giuseppe, additional, Messerli, Franz H., additional, Mimram, Albert, additional, Moser, Marvin, additional, Mugo, Maryann N., additional, Nasser, Samar A., additional, Neal, Bruce, additional, Neaton, James D., additional, Oparil, Suzanne, additional, Parati, Gianfranco, additional, Pavlik, Valory N., additional, Pickering, Thomas G., additional, Pisarik, Paul, additional, Pi-Sunyer, F. Xavier, additional, Podymow, Tiina, additional, Pool, James L., additional, Ramos, Jason, additional, Rao, Priya G., additional, Rehman, Shakaib U., additional, Reidy, James J., additional, Rosendorff, Clive, additional, Setaro, John F., additional, Shafi, Tariq, additional, Shepherd, Alexander M.M., additional, Sica, Domenic A., additional, Sowers, James R., additional, Stockbridge, Norman, additional, Stump, Craig S., additional, Taler, Sandra J., additional, Temple, Robert, additional, Throckmorton, Douglas C., additional, Turnbull, Fiona, additional, Vallbona, Carlos, additional, Vidt, Donald G., additional, White, William B., additional, Wilson, Peter W.F., additional, Wong, Nathan D., additional, Wu, Xiaodong, additional, Young, William F., additional, and Zanchetti, Alberto, additional

Published
2007
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