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Background: To support dentists with limited experience, this study trained and compared six convolutional neural networks to detect crossbites and classify non-crossbite, frontal, and lateral crossbites using 2D intraoral photographs. Methods: Based on 676 photographs from 311 orthodontic patients, six convolutional neural network models were trained and compared to classify (1) non-crossbite vs. crossbite and (2) non-crossbite vs. lateral crossbite vs. frontal crossbite. The trained models comprised DenseNet, EfficientNet, MobileNet, ResNet18, ResNet50, and Xception. Findings: Among the models, Xception showed the highest accuracy (98.57%) in the test dataset for classifying non-crossbite vs. crossbite images. When additionally distinguishing between lateral and frontal crossbites, average accuracy decreased with the DenseNet architecture achieving the highest accuracy among the models with 91.43% in the test dataset. Conclusions: Convolutional neural networks show high potential in processing clinical photographs and detecting crossbites. This study provides initial insights into how deep learning models can be used for orthodontic diagnosis of malocclusions based on intraoral 2D photographs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background To support dentists with limited experience, this study trained and compared six convolutional neural networks to detect crossbites and classify non-crossbite, frontal, and lateral crossbites using 2D intraoral photographs. Methods Based on 676 photographs from 311 orthodontic patients, six convolutional neural network models were trained and compared to classify (1) non-crossbite vs. crossbite and (2) non-crossbite vs. lateral crossbite vs. frontal crossbite. The trained models comprised DenseNet, EfficientNet, MobileNet, ResNet18, ResNet50, and Xception. Findings Among the models, Xception showed the highest accuracy (98.57%) in the test dataset for classifying non-crossbite vs. crossbite images. When additionally distinguishing between lateral and frontal crossbites, average accuracy decreased with the DenseNet architecture achieving the highest accuracy among the models with 91.43% in the test dataset. Conclusions Convolutional neural networks show high potential in processing clinical photographs and detecting crossbites. This study provides initial insights into how deep learning models can be used for orthodontic diagnosis of malocclusions based on intraoral 2D photographs.

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Objectives: To evaluate the effects of treatment of bilateral posterior crossbite (BPXB) on mandibular kinematics by the percentage of reverse chewing cycles (RCCs) during soft and hard bolus chewing before and after the correction of the malocclusion with function‐generating bite (FGB). Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 71 subjects: 19 patients with occlusally symmetric BPXB (M = 9; F = 10; mean age 9.3 ± 2.2[yr.mo]), 32 patients with occlusally asymmetric BPXB (19 with more teeth in crossbite on the right side (right prevalent side), M = 7; F = 12; mean age 8.2 ± 1.6 [yr.mo] and 13 on the left side, M = 7; F = 6; mean age 9.6 ± 1.9 [yr.mo]) and 20 controls without malocclusion (M = 8; F = 12; mean age 10.2 ± 1.7 [yr.mo]). Masticatory patterns were recorded before (T0) and after (T1) the correction of the malocclusion with FGB, with the K7‐I® kinesiograph using standardized soft and hard boluses. Results: BPXB was corrected in all included patients. At T0, the percentage of RCCs in BPXB was significantly increased compared to controls (P <.0001); symmetric BPXB showed no difference in RCCs between the sides, whereas asymmetric BPXB showed significantly more RCCs on the side with more teeth in crossbite (prevalent side). After treatment with FGB (T1), the percentage of RCCs was significantly reduced in both symmetric BPXB patients (soft bolus, P =.003; hard bolus, P <.001) and asymmetric BPXB patients (prevalent side: soft and hard bolus, P <.00001; non‐prevalent side: soft bolus, P =.01 and hard bolus, P =.0002). Conclusion: Functional correction of BPXB with FGB significantly improved mandibular kinematics during chewing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Posterior crossbite in children and adolescents has been linked to asymmetrical function and performance of the masticatory muscles. Electromyography (EMG) serves as an objective and widely applicable evidence-based method for diagnosing muscle function. The aim of our study was to analyze electromyographic (EMG) activity of muscles of the craniomandibular system in subjects with a narrowing upper jaw and unilateral posterior crossbite. Material and methods. The first (study) group consisted of 18 subjects with narrow maxilla and unilateral posterior crossbite. 20 age-matched children with normal occlusion were included in the control group. The average age of subjects in the study group was 8.4±1.4 years, in the control group – 8.8±1.6 years. The exclusion criteria of the study were as follows: previous or active orthodontic treatment, clefts, traumas in the maxillofacial region, and general diseases. EMG activity of the anterior temporal, masseter, sternocleidomastoid (SCM), orbicularis oris, and mentalis muscles on both sides (left and right) was recorded during two 30-second tests: maximum voluntary clenching and swallowing a sip of water. Maximum voluntary clenching was performed in the intercuspal position. EMG data were processed using Neurotech's Synapsis software. EMG activity for each muscle was estimated by the maximum amplitude of the muscle contractions (μV). Results. EMG activity in children with narrowing upper jaw and unilateral posterior crossbite of anterior temporal, masseter, and sternocleidomastoid muscles was asymmetrical and differed between the left and right sides. Higher bioelectrical muscle activity was found on the crossbite side for the masseter and anterior temporalis muscle, and on the opposite side – for sternocleidomastoid muscles. Values of maximum amplitude of sternocleidomastoid muscles were higher in the study group than in the control group without significant difference. There was a statistically significant difference in EMG activity of mentalis and orbicularis oris muscles between the two groups of children (p

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Copyright of Clinical Orthodontics is the property of Dental Press International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cleft lip and palate are the most frequently observed congenital abnormalities affecting the maxillofacial region. They can occur isolated or together in various combinations. These deformities are also associated with features found in over 300 recognised syndromes. Additionally, there are several problems, including social limitations, such as difficulties in breastfeeding resulting in failure to grow properly, speech abnormalities, hearing loss, misalignment of teeth, significant facial abnormalities, and serious aesthetic, psychological, and psychosocial challenges. Treatment modalities involve a number of specialists, such as Maxillofacial and Plastic surgeons, Anaesthetists, Orthodontists, Restorative dentists, Paediatric dentists and Prosthodontists, who collaborate to determine the best treatment plan based on the site of the defect and the patient's age. The present case report discusses the treatment and management of a 16-year-old female patient who presented with cleft lip and palate, along with skeletal class III malocclusion, hypodontia, multiple decayed teeth and dental malformation. The patient had missing lateral incisors and canines in the maxillary arch, along with carious maxillary central incisors. The purpose of this article is to report the multidisciplinary management of a unilateral cleft lip and palate patient with class III malocclusion, utilising orthognathic surgery, as well as, incorporating endodontic and prosthodontic corrections.

Copyright of Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics/Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background A study is made of posterior crossbite in deciduous dentition and its possible association to extrinsic factors (bad oral habits). Methods A total of 1168 Spanish children between 3 and 6 years of age were included in the study. Exploration of the oral cavity was performed to assess the presence of crossbite (uni- or bilateral and/or functional), and a questionnaire was administered to the parents or caregivers to determine the presence of bad oral habits and their duration. Results In occlusion, 19.7% of the cases (n = 230) presented uni- or bilateral posterior crossbite. On adopting centric relation confronting the midlines, crossbite persisted in 165 children, indicating that 65 cases were due to premature contacts (functional crossbite). The identified favoring factors were pacifier use, thumb sucking, oral breathing and tongue thrusting or immature swallowing. Discussion Most studies in the literature report a relationship between posterior crossbite and bad oral habits. The proportion of posterior crossbites identified in our study (16.6%) is consistent with the data published by authors such as Kobayashi, Limeira or Paolantonio, among others, but differs from the results of Zhifei Zhou, Peres or Germa. In coincidence with most studies, we recorded a statistically significant association between posterior crossbite and bad oral habits. Conclusions Bad oral habits favor the appearance of posterior crossbite, and the duration of the habit, its intensity (in the case of thumb sucking) and type (in the case of pacifier use) act as influencing factors. Functional study characterized the types of posterior crossbites and identified those attributable to premature contacts. This aspect has not been addressed by previous studies, and we consider the findings to be very interesting for analyzing and identifying the features of true crossbites.

Cleft lip and palate are the most frequently observed congenital abnormalities affecting the maxillofacial region. They can occur isolated or together in various combinations. These deformities are also associated with features found in over 300 recognised syndromes. Additionally, there are several problems, including social limitations, such as difficulties in breastfeeding resulting in failure to grow properly, speech abnormalities, hearing loss, misalignment of teeth, significant facial abnormalities, and serious aesthetic, psychological, and psychosocial challenges. Treatment modalities involve a number of specialists, such as Maxillofacial and Plastic surgeons, Anaesthetists, Orthodontists, Restorative dentists, Paediatric dentists and Prosthodontists, who collaborate to determine the best treatment plan based on the site of the defect and the patient's age. The present case report discusses the treatment and management of a 16-year-old female patient who presented with cleft lip and palate, along with skeletal class III malocclusion, hypodontia, multiple decayed teeth and dental malformation. The patient had missing lateral incisors and canines in the maxillary arch, along with carious maxillary central incisors. The purpose of this article is to report the multidisciplinary management of a unilateral cleft lip and palate patient with class III malocclusion, utilising orthognathic surgery, as well as, incorporating endodontic and prosthodontic corrections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES To determine the frequency and pattern of anterior crossbite with primary and mixed dentition in School Children. METHODOLOGY A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore. This study included 296 participants having either deciduous or mixed dentition, no history of orthodontic treatment, aged between 3-11 years, both genders and Pakistani nationals. Participants with a history of trauma, cleft lip/palate, or any craniofacial syndrome and systemic disease were excluded. Participant’s age, gender, skeletal class, and anterior crossbite (ACB) were recorded. The Chi-square/Fisher exact test was run to compare ACB and their pattern among gender, age group, and skeletal class. RESULTS There is a relatively high rate of anterior crossbite in this population, which is about 10%. The females were 169(57.09%) and males were 127(42.91%). The mean age was 6.92 ± 1.68 years. Overall, the ACB was present in 31(10.47%). The most common pattern of ACB was single incisor involvement (n=11, 35.48%) followed by two incisors (n=9, 29.03%), and the least was four incisors (n=5, 16.13%). The difference for ACB was statistically significant among skeletal classes (p

Background: A study is made of posterior crossbite in deciduous dentition and its possible association to extrinsic factors (bad oral habits). Methods: A total of 1168 Spanish children between 3 and 6 years of age were included in the study. Exploration of the oral cavity was performed to assess the presence of crossbite (uni- or bilateral and/or functional), and a questionnaire was administered to the parents or caregivers to determine the presence of bad oral habits and their duration. Results: In occlusion, 19.7% of the cases (n = 230) presented uni- or bilateral posterior crossbite. On adopting centric relation confronting the midlines, crossbite persisted in 165 children, indicating that 65 cases were due to premature contacts (functional crossbite). The identified favoring factors were pacifier use, thumb sucking, oral breathing and tongue thrusting or immature swallowing. Discussion: Most studies in the literature report a relationship between posterior crossbite and bad oral habits. The proportion of posterior crossbites identified in our study (16.6%) is consistent with the data published by authors such as Kobayashi, Limeira or Paolantonio, among others, but differs from the results of Zhifei Zhou, Peres or Germa. In coincidence with most studies, we recorded a statistically significant association between posterior crossbite and bad oral habits. Conclusions: Bad oral habits favor the appearance of posterior crossbite, and the duration of the habit, its intensity (in the case of thumb sucking) and type (in the case of pacifier use) act as influencing factors. Functional study characterized the types of posterior crossbites and identified those attributable to premature contacts. This aspect has not been addressed by previous studies, and we consider the findings to be very interesting for analyzing and identifying the features of true crossbites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Investigate the influence of posterior crossbite on masticatory and swallowing functions by videofluoroscopy examination and to analyze the effects of Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) on the same functions. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted on 32 children, 21 of them with posterior crossbite (10 girls and 11 boys, mean age 9.2 years, study group) and 11 children with no occlusal changes (6 girls and 5 boys, mean age 9.3 years, control group). The children were evaluated by an orthodontist for diagnosis, group characterization and occlusal treatment, by the otorhinolaryngology team for the assessment of respiratory symptoms, and by a speech therapist for videofluoroscopic evaluation of masticatory and swallowing parameters. The children with posterior crossbite were treated orthodontic ally using the Haas disjunctor for approximately six months and re-evaluated 5-months after removal of the appliance. Data were analyzed statistically by the Studentt-test for independent samples for comparison of the crossbite and control groups before and after treatment. Results: There was no significant difference in oral preparatory and oral transit times, nor in cycles and masticatory frequency, between the pre and post orthodontic treatment groups and the control group. Conclusion: Rapid maxillary expansion did not influence the masticatory and swallowing variables studied by videofluoroscopy. However, the data require caution in interpretation.

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Background: Perioral muscle function, which influences maxillofacial growth and tooth position, can be affected in patients with oral clefts due to their inherent anatomical characteristics and the multiple surgical corrections performed. This research aims to (1) compare the maximum oral muscle pressure of subjects with and without isolated cleft palate (CP) or unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), (2) investigate its influence on their dentoalveolar characteristics, and (3) investigate the influence of functional habits on the maximum oral muscle pressure in patients with and without cleft. Material and methods: Subjects with and without CP and UCLP seeking treatment at the Department of Orthodontics of University Hospitals Leuven between January 2021 and August 2022 were invited to participate. The Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) was used to measure their maximum tongue, lip, and cheek pressure. An imbalance score was calculated to express the relationship between tongue and lip pressure. Upper and lower intercanine (ICD) and intermolar distance (IMD) were measured on 3D digital dental casts, and the presence of functional habits was reported by the patients. The data were analyzed with multivariable linear models, correcting for age and gender. Results: 44 subjects with CP or UCLP (mean age: 12.00 years) and 104 non-affected patients (mean age: 11.13 years) were included. No significant differences in maximum oral muscle pressure or imbalance score were detected between controls and clefts or between cleft types. Significantly smaller upper ICDs and larger upper and lower IMDs were found in patients with clefts. A significant difference between controls and clefts was found in the relationship between oral muscle pressure and transversal jaw width. In cleft patients, the higher the maximum tongue pressure, the wider the upper and lower IMD, the higher the lip pressure, the smaller the upper and lower ICD and IMD, and the higher the imbalance score, the larger the upper and lower IMD and lower ICD. An imbalance favoring the tongue was found in cleft patients. The influence of functional habits on the maximum oral muscle pressure was not statistically different between clefts and controls. Conclusion: Patients with CP or UCLP did not present reduced maximum oral muscle pressure compared with patients without a cleft. In cleft patients, tongue pressure was consistently greater than lip pressure, and those who presented a larger maxillary width presented systematically higher imbalance scores (favoring the tongue) than those with narrow maxillae. Therefore, the influence of slow maxillary expansion on maximum oral muscle pressure in cleft patients should not be underestimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transverse skeletal changes involving maxilla occurs first, followed by vertical and horizontal changes. Transverse changes present as solitary or in significance to other change and are of either skeletal or dentoalveolar in origin, but mainly are the results of a slight or severe constriction of the maxilla that leads to either unilateral, bilateral or unilateral functional crossbite and may be associated with Class III malocclusion or Class II malocclusion. The article highlights the development, types, diagnosis and assessment, treatment and correction of transverse discrepancies. It is important for the practitioner to understand the diagnostic processes involved in evaluating a crossbite to arrive at a diagnosis for effective and efficient treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The relationship between children's oral health and general health has become a research subject of growing interest. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between nutritional status and malocclusion parameters among school-going children of Bathinda, Punjab, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study for 18 months was conducted among 500 5-15-year-old school-going children. Oral examination was done to check malocclusion parameters such as crowding, facial height (FH), and anterior and posterior crossbite. Nutritional status assessment was done using body mass index (BMI). The data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel and statistically analyzed using the SPSS (IBM Corporation) software. Results: A statistically significant association was found between BMI and malocclusion parameters such as dental crowding and FH. No statistically significant association was found between nutritional status and anterior/posterior crossbite. Conclusion: Further research is needed for in-depth understanding of role of nutritional status on malocclusion indicators during early years of life for timely interventions and prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a wide consensus that anterior and posterior crossbite (AXB / PXB) should be corrected early and that the first stage of the mixed dentition may be the best time to correct not only the occlusion of permanent molars and/or incisors, but also the maxillary deficiency / narrow palate and the mandibular shift often associated to the A/PXB. Many methods have been proposed in the literature aimed to correct AXB and PXB. In this paper a new, or at least uncommon, method will be presented to correct AXB and/or PXB in the mixed dentition, paying special attention to many important and often not considered details concerning the diagnosis and the orthopedic and orthodontic procedures, respecting periodontal, dental health and predictability of the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the degree of bone destruction for teeth in anterior crossbite by means of 3D cone beam computed tomography and lateral cephalometry. Material/methods: 20 patients with anterior crossbite underwent 3D cone beam computed tomography and lateral cephalometry of the anterior segments of the maxilla and mandible. The destruction of the bone in the anterior segments of the maxilla and mandible was measured (vestibularly and lingually)– the distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the top of the alveolar bone. The parameters of bone resorption for teeth 21 and 31 on cephalogramsand 3D computed tomography images were compared. For both incisors, the mean value registered by means of cephalometry was slightly higher than that registered with 3D. Results: The total mean value of bone destruction for anterior teeth was significantly higher vestibularly compared to lingually, both for the maxilla (p = 0.030) and mandible (p = 0.030). Significantly higher mean values ​​of bone destruction were found in the mandible compared to the maxilla. For both incisors (21 and 31), the mean value of resorption recorded by cephalometry was slightly higher than that recorded by 3D cone beam computed tomography, but without statistical significance. Conclusion: We found significantly higher values ​​of vestibular bone destruction compared to lingual bone destruction. Bone destruction in the mandible reached a significantly higher level than that in the maxilla. No statistically significant difference was found between the mean values ​​of bone destruction measured by means of cephalometry and 3D cone beam computed tomography.

Abstract Background The present study aimed to evaluate the changes in palate dimension and morphology after treatment of functional posterior crossbite (FPXB) with elastodontic devices (EAs). Methods The treatment group (TG) consisted of 25 subjects (mean age 7.3 ± 0.9 years) who received treatment with EA for one year. The control group (CG) comprised 14 untreated subjects (mean age 6.8 ± 0.7 years). Inclusion criteria: intra-oral scan registered before (T0) and after treatment (T1), FPXB with a mandibular shift towards the crossbite site of ≥ 2 mm, class I molar relationship. Exclusion criteria: missing teeth, anterior crossbite, temporomandibular disorders, previous orthodontic treatment, carious lesions, mobility of deciduous posterior teeth, craniofacial deformities. Digital models were analyzed to assess the inter-canine (ICW) and inter-molar widths (IMW) and the corresponding emi-lateral measurements (eICW and eIMW) using the median palatine plane as reference. According to a specific 3D imaging technology, the morphology and symmetry of the palate was investigated by analysing the 3D deviation between the two specular models of the palate. Results At T0, both groups showed a significantly narrower dimension of eICW and eIMW at the crossbite side compared to the non-crossbite side (p 0.05). Conclusions EAs could be successfully used to correct FPXB in mixed dentition and could restore the harmonious development of the palate in children.

Context: The relationship between children's oral health and general health has become a research subject of growing interest. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between nutritional status and malocclusion parameters among school-going children of Bathinda, Punjab, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study for 18 months was conducted among 500 5–15-year-old school-going children. Oral examination was done to check malocclusion parameters such as crowding, facial height (FH), and anterior and posterior crossbite. Nutritional status assessment was done using body mass index (BMI). The data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel and statistically analyzed using the SPSS (IBM Corporation) software. Results: A statistically significant association was found between BMI and malocclusion parameters such as dental crowding and FH. No statistically significant association was found between nutritional status and anterior/posterior crossbite. Conclusion: Further research is needed for in-depth understanding of role of nutritional status on malocclusion indicators during early years of life for timely interventions and prevention.

Background: Crossbite is any discrepancy in the relationship between the upper and lower teeth. Crossbites have a relationship with oral microorganisms, such as S. mutans and lactobacillus infections. Viral infections can spread to the oral cavity especially its soft tissue especially herpes simplex virus & cytomegalovirus. Secretory immunoglobulin represents a factor for acquired immunity in the oral cavity which is associated with oral infection and variation. Objectives: Isolation of microbes from crossbite patients, identifying by molecular techniques, determining sIgA level, and selecting appropriate antibiotics for the most common microbe. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 (30 samples of saliva and swab before Orthodontic Treatment and 30 samples of saliva after Orthodontic) during the period from October 2021 to April 2022, Sample were taken from patients and microbiological identification by microscopical and biochemical tests. An antibiotic sensitivity test for S. mutans. Genetic identification was detected in the S. mutans samples by using specificity Sm479 primers, and HCMV primers for cytomegalovirus. Secretory IgA was determined by ELISA Kit. Results: A number of gram-positive bacteria were more than gram-negative (51% and 49%) respectively. The S. mutans and Lactobacillus are the most frequent among the other species, followed by Candida, Klebsiella, and S. epidermidis. 53% in male, while 47% in female, and age group (13­15) was the most prevalent among samples 53%. Regarding S. mutans, the highest sensitive rate is Erythromycin 81%, followed by Amoxiclav 57%, Vancomycin 52%, and Nalidixic acid 43%. Conclusion: Most infectious cases were in ages (14-15) years. S. mutans is more prevalent among bacterial infections, molecular detection by PCR more specifically for S.mutans and CMV virus, sIgA level non-significant inverse correlations between age and sIgA level before treatment, while significant inverse correlation between age and sIgA level after treatment, and S. mutans, reported the highest sensitive rate is Erythromycin (81%), followed by Amoxiclav, Vancomycin,and Nalidixic acid.

The aim of this study was to investigate buccolingual tooth movements (tipping/translation) in surgical and nonsurgical posterior crossbite correction. A total of 43 patients (f/m 19/24; mean age 27.6 ± 9.5 years) treated with surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE) and 38 patients (f/m 25/13; mean age 30.4 ± 12.9 years) treated with dentoalveolar compensation using completely customized lingual appliances (DC-CCLA) were retrospectively included. Inclination was measured on digital models at canines (C), second premolars (P2), first molars (M1), and second molars (M2) before (T0) and after (T1) crossbite correction. There was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) in absolute buccolingual inclination change between both groups, except for the upper C (p < 0.05), which were more tipped in the surgical group. Translation, i.e., bodily tooth movements that cannot be explained by pure uncontrolled tipping, could be observed with SARPE in the maxilla and with DC-CCLA in both jaws. Dentoalveolar transversal compensation with completely customized lingual appliances does not cause greater buccolingual tipping compared to SARPE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the effects of treatment of posterior crossbite (PXB) in the mixed dentition with the Function Generating Bite (FGB) appliance on the transverse dimension of the dental arches. This study included 84 PXB patients (female = 46; male = 38; mean age, 8.2 ± 1.8 years) and 69 control (C) patients (female = 31; male = 38; mean age, 8.9 ± 1.4 years). Measurements were taken with digital calipers on maxillary and mandibular study casts before (T0) and after (T1) treatment for the following measures: intermolar (IMD), intermolar gingival (IMGD), intercanine (ICD), and intercanine gingival distances (ICGD). At T0, there was a significant difference in all maxillary measurements between the PXB and C groups (P <.001), reflecting maxillary hypoplasia in PXB patients. At T1, there was no difference between the groups. In PXB patients, the mean increase between T0 and T1 for IMD was 4.34 ± 2.42 mm; this difference measured 3.51 ± 2.19 mm for IMGD, 2.78 ± 2.37 mm for ICS, and 1.89 ± 1.7 mm for ICGD. There was no significant difference in mandibular measurements between groups at T0 and T1. Functional therapy with FGB is effective in significantly increasing the transverse dimension of the maxillary dental arch in PXB patients. Considering its efficacy in treating masticatory dysfunction, FGB may be considered a good treatment option for the correction of PXB in growing children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kieferorthopädie: die Zeitschrift für die Praxis is the property of Quintessenz Verlags GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

When the patient with class III malocclusion needs extensive oral rehabilitation due to multiple missing teeth, accurate diagnosis, and careful analysis, such as the patient's occlusal relationship, facial changes, and evaluation of the temporomandibular joint are essential. Orthognathic surgery is often performed for aesthetic improvement, depending on the patient's chief complaint. If it is not possible due to certain circumstances, partial aesthetic improvement can be achieved through minimal elevation of the vertical dimension. As this patient may have unexpected issues, such as temporomandibular joint disorder, oral habits like bruxism, and masticatory muscle tension, it was determined whether the patient could adjust to a reversible temporary removable partial denture. After this, the maxillary implant-supported fixed prostheses and the mandibular fixed prostheses were used to achieve stable posterior support and to partially improve the maxillary anterior esthetics. The patient was satisfied with the results both aesthetically and functionally. The prognosis is expected to be good if regular check-ups are conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and predictability of maxillary dentoalveolar expansion clear aligners in unilateral, bilateral, and single-tooth types of crossbite. This prospective analytical study enrolled adults with dentoalveolar posterior crossbite. Orthoanalyzer™ 1.7 software was used to analyze stl files of digital models before treatment (T1), predicted post-treatment outcome (T2), and observed outcome (T3). Changes in intercanine width, first and second interpremolar widths, and intermolar width were compared using a mixed ANOVA model for repeated measures (α = 0.05). The study included 46 patients aged 20–60 years, 15 with unilateral, 15 bilateral, and 16 single-tooth crossbite. In all crossbite groups, expansion was largest at the second premolar level (unilateral: 2.54 mm; bilateral:, 4.86 mm; single-tooth: 3.41 mm) (ANOVA p < 0.001) and smallest at the canine level. Expansion predictability was 90% at the first premolar level in the single-tooth crossbite group, 86% at the second premolar level in the bilateral crossbite group, and 79% at the second premolar level in the unilateral crossbite group. No significant difference was found between the predicted and observed expansion in any crossbite group. Dentoalveolar expansion using differential anchorage techniques with clear aligners is highly predictable, although the treatment plan should consider overcorrection of the expansion movement to achieve the planned outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyse the connection between dental arch widths, malocclusion type, nutritive sucking habits and non-nutritive sucking habits, and respiratory factors with the presence of crossbites (CB) in the early mixed dentition.Materials and Methods: Data were collected from 72 children with and without CB. A questionnaire was applied to parents/carers to obtain information about nutritive and non-nutritive sucking habits. The posterior and anterior crossbites were diagnosed in a centric relationship. Dental arch widths were measured directly from the models by two calibrated examiners. The data were analysed statistically using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests.Results: The incidence of Class III malocclusion and the presence of ear, nose and throat problems in the study group were significantly higher than in the control subjects (p = 0.01, p = 0.047). The mean breastfeeding duration for children in the CB group was found significantly shorter than in the control subjects (p = 0.043). The number of children with mouth breathing in sleep was significantly higher in the CB group than the control subjects (p = 0.046). The children with CB demonstrated a statistically significant increase in mandibular intercanine width (ICW) than the control group (p = 0.044).Conclusion: The results demonstrated that an insufficient duration of breastfeeding, mouth breathing, ear-nose-throat problems and Class III malocclusion were associated with the presence of CB in the early mixed dentition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the changes in palate dimension and morphology after treatment of functional posterior crossbite (FPXB) with elastodontic devices (EAs). Methods: The treatment group (TG) consisted of 25 subjects (mean age 7.3 ± 0.9 years) who received treatment with EA for one year. The control group (CG) comprised 14 untreated subjects (mean age 6.8 ± 0.7 years). Inclusion criteria: intra-oral scan registered before (T0) and after treatment (T1), FPXB with a mandibular shift towards the crossbite site of ≥ 2 mm, class I molar relationship. Exclusion criteria: missing teeth, anterior crossbite, temporomandibular disorders, previous orthodontic treatment, carious lesions, mobility of deciduous posterior teeth, craniofacial deformities. Digital models were analyzed to assess the inter-canine (ICW) and inter-molar widths (IMW) and the corresponding emi-lateral measurements (eICW and eIMW) using the median palatine plane as reference. According to a specific 3D imaging technology, the morphology and symmetry of the palate was investigated by analysing the 3D deviation between the two specular models of the palate. Results: At T0, both groups showed a significantly narrower dimension of eICW and eIMW at the crossbite side compared to the non-crossbite side (p < 0.05). Also, the 3D deviation analysis demonstrates a limited matching percentage of the original/mirrored models in both TG (81.12%) and CG (79.36%), confirming the asymmetry of the palate. The area of mis-matching was located at the alveolar bone level. At T1, subjects in the TG showed a significant increment of ICW and IMW (p < 0.05), a reduction of the differences of eICW and eIMW between both sides (p < 0.05) and an increment of the percentage matching (TG = 92.32%) (p < 0.05), suggesting a significant recovery of the palatal asymmetry. No significant changes were found between T0 and T1 in the CG (p > 0.05). Conclusions: EAs could be successfully used to correct FPXB in mixed dentition and could restore the harmonious development of the palate in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Scissor bites have been reported in relatively few epidemiological studies because of their extremely low prevalence rate (below 1%). The etiology of scissor bites remains obscure, but its impact on growth and function should not be ignored. Methods: In this case report, a novel treatment that utilizes Invisalign aligners was performed on a 3-year-old child who presented with a bilateral posterior scissor bite and anterior crossbite, accompanied by multisite obstruction in the upper airway. The aligners functioned as occlusion pads to unlock the scissor bite relationship and combined with cross-traction to narrow the maxillary arch and enlarge the mandibular arch simultaneously. Results: The duration of orthodontic therapy was 28 weeks. A multidisciplinary consultation (orthodontics department, ENT department, and spinal surgery) was conducted and a stable result was achieved. A healthy occlusal relationship, improved dental esthetics and a better lateral profile were eventually obtained. Conclusions: Positive treatment outcomes rely on patients' good compliance in this case. In addition, we hope that clinicians will consider our situation in terms of alternative treatments and interprofessional experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to critically appraise the available evidence of the effectiveness of early intervention of functional unilateral posterior crossbites (FPXB) between the ages of 6 and 12 years. Materials and methods Electronic search in four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) was performed between 1st January 1990 and 31st October 2021. Methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS) for CCTs and Cochrane's risk of bias tool for RCTs were applied. The certainty of the evidence was evaluated according to the grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results Nine studies (6 RCTs and 3 CCTs) were included in this review, and six of them were appropriate for quantitative synthesis. The meta-analysis revealed that the quad-helix (QH) was more effective than expansion plates (EP) in increasing the intermolar width (WMD = 1.25; 95% CI 0.75, 1.75; P

Crossbite is a type of malocclusion in which teeth are positioned more buccally or lingually than their corresponding opposing tooth in the upper or lower dental arch, resulting in a lateral mismatch of the teeth in the dental arches. Crossbite can be unilateral or bilateral, and it can be anterior or posterior. The link between crossbite and skeletal growth pattern remains uncertain. The current study aimed to find the prevalence of crossbite in subjects visiting a private dental hospital and evaluate if there is any association between crossbite and skeletal growth pattern. Data required for the study were procured from the dental information archiving software. The data were sorted and entered into an Excel spreadsheet. IBM SPSS software version 23 was used to conduct the statistical analysis. Graphs and tables were used to interpret the findings. the prevalence of crossbite was found to be 6.4%. Subjects with horizontal growth pattern commonly had crossbite, but no statistical significance (P = 0.07), standard deviation (1.011), was noted. There was no statistically significant association between different skeletal growth patterns however subjects with horizontal growth pattern reported more commonly with crossbite.

Crossbite is a type of malocclusion in which teeth are positioned more buccally or lingually than their corresponding opposing tooth in the upper or lower dental arch, resulting in a lateral mismatch of the teeth in the dental arches. Crossbite can be unilateral or bilateral, and it can be anterior or posterior. The link between crossbite and skeletal growth pattern remains uncertain. The current study aimed to find the prevalence of crossbite in subjects visiting a private dental hospital and evaluate if there is any association between crossbite and skeletal growth pattern. Data required for the study were procured from the dental information archiving software. The data were sorted and entered into an Excel spreadsheet. IBM SPSS software version 23 was used to conduct the statistical analysis. Graphs and tables were used to interpret the findings. the prevalence of crossbite was found to be 6.4%. Subjects with horizontal growth pattern commonly had crossbite, but no statistical significance (P = 0.07), standard deviation (1.011), was noted. There was no statistically significant association between different skeletal growth patterns however subjects with horizontal growth pattern reported more commonly with crossbite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to compare the crossbite correction of a group (n = 43; f/m 19/24; mean age 27.6 ± 9.5 years) with surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE) versus a non-surgical transversal dentoalveolar compensation (DC) group (n = 38; f/m 25/13; mean age 30.4 ± 12.9 years) with completely customized lingual appliances (CCLA). Arch width was measured on digital models at the canines (C), second premolars (P2), first molars (M1) and second molars (M2). Measurements were obtained before treatment (T0) and at the end of lingual treatment (T1) or after orthodontic alignment prior to a second surgical intervention for three-dimensional bite correction. There was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) in the amount of total crossbite correction between the SARPE and DC-CCLA group at C, P2, M1 and M2. Maxillary expansion was greater in the SARPE group and mandibular compression was greater in the DC-CCLA group. Crossbite correction in the DC-CCLA group was mainly a combination of maxillary expansion and mandibular compression. Dentoalveolar compensation with CCLAs as a combination of maxillary expansion and mandibular compression seems to be a clinically effective procedure to correct a transverse maxillo-mandibular discrepancy without the need for surgical assistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: When the upper teeth lingually contact the lower teeth, this is known as a crossbite. Both unilateral and bilateral crossbites are possible. An entire arch of teeth or a single tooth may be misaligned. Numerous solutions have been put forth to address this issue. The upper arch will be expanded during treatment, and the lower arch will also be corrected. It is imperative to address the underlying cause of the crossbite, such as respiratory issues or a habit of sucking. Aim: This study's objective was to determine the number of patients at a dental hospital with crossbites. Materials and methods: The Saveetha Dental College's Digital Information Archiving Software (DIAS) was used to gather the data. The information was gathered between January 2020 and December 2020. Patients who had undergone a clinical evaluation were included in the data. Excel was used to tabulate and enter the data, and the SPSS package software was used to analyse it. Results: 1030 patients out of 10048 had crossbites. 5.6% of cases of posterior crossbite and 4.5% of cases of anterior crossbite were reported. Angles class 1 malocclusion was present in a sizable percentage of crossbite patients (83.01%). It was discovered that 89.4% of patients with single tooth crossbite and 79.5% of those had unilateral crossbite. Conclusion: Within the constraints of the study, we discovered that 10.2% of cases of crossbite were widespread, with posterior crossbite being more common than anterior. In order to ascertain the prevalence of crossbite, study is required because epidemiological data varied according to location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess and compare the three-dimensional treatment changes in palatal surface area and volume using either tooth-borne (TB) or tooth bone–borne (TBB) rapid maxillary expanders and to evaluate the long-term effects of the two devices and the incidence of the relapse between the groups. A total of 52 consecutive patients who met the eligibility criteria were recruited and allocated to either the TB group, mean age 9.3 years (standard deviation [SD], 1.3), or the TBB group, mean age 9.5 years (SD, 1.2). Study casts were taken before, directly after, 1 year after, and 5 years after expansion. Study casts were digitized, superimposed, and evaluated. Participants were randomly allocated in blocks of different sizes using the concealed allocation principle in a 1:1 ratio. Changes in palatal volume, palatal surface area, and palatal projection area within and between the groups up to 5 years after expansion followed the same pattern and did not show any statistically significant differences between the groups. Relapse was seen in 15% of the patients. It seemed that open-bite and a Class III growth pattern could be assumed as prognosis-deteriorating factors in regard to stability of the treatment. There were no significant differences between the TB and TBB groups in palatal volume, palatal shell area, or palatal projection area directly after expansion or at 1 year and 5 years after expansion, which implies that the two devices gave rise to the same immediate and long-term outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review evaluates the variation in molar bite force (MBF) with the type and severity of dental malocclusion in young adults with permanent dentition. We searched seven electronic databases until December 31, 2021, and identified 1898 articles, of which 22 full-texts were reviewed. Eight clinical studies with subjects having permanent dentition with various dental malocclusions and quantifying maximal bite force were included for the review. Newcastle Ottawa scale was used to assess the risk of bias and GRADE to study the certainty of evidence. Articles were evaluated for the primary outcome (variation of MBF in different malocclusion groups) and confounding factors affecting MBF. All studies measured MBF in individuals with normal and malocclusion, with 2329 subjects having permanent dentition. A positive correlation of Class I normal occlusion with the bite force was seen compared to Class II and III malocclusion. Unilateral crossbite patients had lesser bite force. Six studies with 1023 males and 1175 females showed MBF more in males than females. In 3 studies (332 subjects), no significant difference for MBF between the right and left sides of the jaws was measured. MBF decreases significantly with vertical and transverse craniofacial and dental discrepancy. Normal sagittal occlusion has more molar bite force than patients with different malocclusions. Also, MBF is more in males than females, and it increases with age. PROSPERO CRD42021249328. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Amare Teshome Tefera, Biruk Girma Bekele, Kirubel Derese, Getaneh Andualem Department of Dentistry, University of Gondar, Gondar, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Kirubel DereseDepartment of Dentistry, University of Gondar, Gondar, EthiopiaTel +251-913866870Email kirubeld6@gmail.comBackground: Malocclusion affects the chewing, dental aesthetics, jaw development, and overall attractiveness of individuals. The negative impact of malocclusion is high, particularly in adolescents who can be the target of teasing, intimidation, and name-calling. Even if, malocclusion is a common problem in developing countries, there was a paucity of data in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of malocclusion in northwest Ethiopia.Methods: This cross-sectional study was done at the University of Gondar comprehensive hospital from December 1, 2019, to October 30, 2020. Four hundred seventy-six study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling method. Data collection was done using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Qualified dental professionals examined malocclusion traits according to the WHO oral health survey tool and evaluated for the presence of malocclusion in terms of angles classification, open bite, crossbite, spacing, and crowding. Data entry was done using Epi-Info 7, and analyzed by SPSS 26. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression was done to analyze the data.Results: A total of 476 subjects were included in the study with a mean age of 29.83 (SD± 14.013). The prevalence of malocclusion was 55.9% (95% CI: 51.39– 60.28). The common occlusal traits were class-I malocclusion with minor discrepancy (34.9%), anterior crowding (22.9%), and anterior open bite (21.6%). The prevalence of anterior crossbite, posterior crossbite, class-II, and class-III malocclusion was 5.9%, 3.8%, 10.9%, and 8.0%, respectively. Males (AOR=1.6, 95% CI: 1.11, 2.30), urban residents (AOR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.56), monthly income of ≤ 2500 Ethiopian Birr (AOR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.59) and mouth breathers (AOR=2.50, 95% CI: 1.72, 2.63) were significantly associated with malocclusion.Conclusion: Significant amount of the study participants had malocclusion. Males, urban residents, low monthly income, and mouth breathing habits were independent factors for a malocclusion. Therefore, early attention to the development of the dentition and occlusion, and necessary functional correction during childhood are important to reduce its prevalence and lifelong adverse effect. Moreover, publicly financed orthodontic treatment should be scheduled, and supplied to individuals in desperate need of orthodontic care.Keywords: malocclusion, dentofacial deformity, angles malocclusion, crossbite, open bite

The diagnosis of transverse growth deficit of the maxilla in daily clinical practice is carried out mainly through the experience of a well-trained clinician, which implies a lack of objective criteria applicable in a protocolized manner. The objective of this study was to establish a mathematical method to diagnose maxillary compression in relation to the dimensions of the skull and mandible. Methods: Records of 97 cases with an overall mean age of 9.8 ± 2.6 years were analyzed by three experienced orthodontists. The group of transverse compression was comprised of 62 cases and the control group of 35 cases. The main measurements of the widths were made on a frontal teleradiography of the skull (cranial, zygomatic, orbital, maxillary, bigonial and biantegonial width) and a lateral teleradiography of the skull (facial axis, mandibular plane, SNA, SNB, ANB and Wits). It was established that from the cranial width it is possible to predict the group to which each subject studied belongs—the compression group or the control group. A mathematical formula was obtained in the form of logistic regression that allows for the diagnosis of the presence of maxillary compression based on the cranial, maxillary and orbital widths with a sensitivity of 88.7% and a specificity of 77.1%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate final posttreatment occlusion in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (cUCLP) by comparing (1) 3 treatment centers, (2) males and females, (3) cleft and noncleft sides, (4) right- and left-sided clefts, and (5) orthodontic treatment with/without orthognathic surgery (OS). Design: Retrospective cohort study. Patients: Blinded posttreatment dental casts of 56 patients (19.4 ± 1.4 years) with cUCLP from 3 centers in Switzerland. Main Outcome Measure: Occlusal assessment using the modified Huddart/Bodenham (MHB) index. Results: Our sample comprised 35 males and 21 females, 46 with left- and 10 with right-sided clefts, of which 32 had undergone OS. The final posttreatment occlusion showed a median MHB score of 0 (interquartile range: −1.0 to 2.0) in the total sample and did not seem to depend on treatment center, sex, or OS. The MHB scores for the anterior buccal and the buccal segments were more negative on the cleft than on the noncleft side (P =.002 and P =.006, respectively). When the cleft was on the left side, the MHB score tended to be more positive in the labial (P =.046) and anterior buccal segments (P =.034). Conclusions: This study shows a very satisfactory final posttreatment occlusion in patients with cUCLP. The more constricted buccal occlusion on the cleft side emphasizes the attention that should be given in correcting the more medially positioned lesser maxillary segment. The influence of cleft-sidedness should be analyzed further on a sample including more patients with right-sided clefts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malocclusion is known to be multifactorial affecting a wide range of populations in many ways. It can have pernicious effects on the quality of life of an individual since it is associated with both aesthetic and functional matters. Crossbites, having been considered one of the most common malocclusions, also serves as a route for future problems. The objective was to treat a 22-year-old male patient who presented with a single tooth anterior and lingual crossbite. A non-extraction treatment followed by settling of occlusion which met the treatment plan was performed, delivering a corrected smile both functionally and aesthetically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A crossed occlusion resulting from the presence of posterior teeth in one arch but no opposing teeth in the opposite arch results in collapse of the vertical dimension. In this case, the patient has a class III malocclusion with crossed occlusion and anterior crossbite. In order to evaluate the proper vertical dimension, provisional denture was used to stabilize the vertical occlusal dimension for 3 months. After, provisional fixed restoration was used for the stabilizing occlusal relationship and aesthetic improvement for lip support. Definitive prosthesis in implants in the mandible and abutments in the maxillary were using Porcelain-fused-to-metal crown (PFM) crown and the maxillary unilateral edentulous area was treated with removable partial dentures. Through this, proper support of the posterior region and normal anterior occlusal relationship were formed, and the patient was able to obtain aesthetically and functionally satisfactory treatment results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]