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Genomic and proteomic analyses of the antennae of the light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) were undertaken to identify genes and proteins potentially involved in odorant and pheromone binding and turnover. An EST approach yielded 5739 sequences, comprising 808 contigs and 1545 singletons. InterPro and Blast analyses revealed members of families implicated in odorant and pheromone binding (PBPs, GOBPs, ABPXs and CSPs) and turnover (CXEs, GSTs, CYPs). Of the three pheromone binding proteins (PBPs) identified, two were more highly expressed at the RNA and protein levels in adult male antennae (EpPBP1, EpPBP3), while a third was more highly expressed in female antennae (EpPBP2). To identify proteins involved in the detection of sex-specific signals, differential 2D gel electrophoresis (pH 5–8) followed by mass spectrometry was conducted on antennal proteins from males versus females. Identified male-biased proteins included a pheromone binding protein, a porin, a short chain dehydrogenase/reductase, and a member of the takeout family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based technique of random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to differentiate DNA from species of the genus Mycosphaerella. DNA from two pathogens which cause Sigatoka leafspot diseases of banana, M. fijiensis and M. musicola, and two other Mycosphaerella species which are commonly found on banana, M. musae and M. minima, gave distinct RAPD banding patterns with all PCR primers tested. PCR, using primer RC07, amplified a 1250 bp RAPD fragment from all isolates of M. fijiensis obtained from II geographical origins. This fragment was absent from the other species of Mycosphaerella. In Southern blots of genomic DNA, this band hybridized exclusively to DNA from M. fijiensis, and the pattern of hybridization suggested that it was binding to repeated DNA. A RAPD band amplified with primer PM06 obtained from M. musicola was also found to be species-specific. Southern analysis suggested that the fragment hybridized to a single-copy sequence in the M. musicola genome. Total genomic DNA from M. musicola was found to be a species-specific hybridization probe. Dot—blots confirmed the specificity of these probes, and could be used to identify isolates of Mycosphacrella which cause Sigatoka disease of banana in south-east Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Daily oral administration of 30 mg allyl trenbolone (Regumate) for 10 to 15 days to 61 barren, maiden and lactating Thoroughbred mares which were exhibiting either deep anoestrus, shallow anoestrus, prolonged spring oestrus or lactation anoestrus, resulted in 54 mares (88 per cent) showing oestrous behaviour within 8 days, and 51 mares (84 per cent) ovulating within 18 days, after the last dose of compound. Response rate was lowest in mares in deep anoestrus. Of the 38 Regumatetreated mares which were covered during the induced oestrus, 21 (55 per cent) conceived. The practical value of this form of progesterone withdrawal therapy as a method for hastening the onset of the breeding season in Thoroughbred mares is discussed. Résumé L'administration orale de 30 mg d'allyl trenbolone (Regumate), durant 10 à 15 jours, à 61 juments vides, soit en lactation, soit vierges, soit en anoestrus profond, soit en anoestrus léger, soit en anoestrus prolongé, soit en anoestrus de lactation, suscita chez 54 juments (88%), un comportement d'oestrus dans les 8 jours, et 51 juments (84%) ovulèrent dans les 18 jours succédant à la dernière administration du produit. Le taux de réponse fut plus bas chez les juments en anoestrus profond. Parmi les 38 juments traitées par ce produit qui furent saillies sur la chaleur provoquée, 21 (55%) furent gestantes. La valeur pratique de cette thérapeutique soustractive de progestérone comme méthode pour accélérer le démarrage de la saison de monte che les Pur Sangs, est discutée. Zusammenfassung Bei täglicher Gabe von 30 mg Allyl-Trenbolon (Regumate) während 10-15 Tagen an 61 Vollblutstuten (leere, laktierende und Maidenstuten), die entweder ausgeprägten Anoestrus, seichten Anoestrus, verlängerten Frühjahrsoestrus oder Laktationsanoestrus zeigten, provozierte bei 54 Stuten (88%) Brunstverhalten innert 8 Tagen und bei 51 Stuten (84%) eine Ovulation innert 18 Tagen nach der letzten Dosis. Die Stuten mit ausgeprägtem Anoestrus reagierten am schlechtesten. Von 38 behandelten und im induzierten Oestrus gedeckten Stuten konzipierten deren 21 (55%). Der praktische Wert einer derartigen Progesteron-Entzugstherapie als einer Methode zum frühe***ren Beginn der Deckperiode bei Vollblutstuten wird diskutiert. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Privateers and privateering form an important part of French maritime history and some of its heroes, Jean Bart, the Chevalier de Forbin and others, have attracted a great deal of attention. One result is that French privateering has become to some extent shrouded in myth and legend, and it has been the task of a number of historians on both sides of the English Channel to examine the subject more closely. One aspect that has not attracted much attention is the profitability of these voyages although to an economic historian this is a matter of the utmost importance. One reason for this silence is the difficulty of finding sufficient information to be able to make a reasoned judgement, which originally existed, were the property of merchants, and it is precisely this form of document that is now rare. Research in France, England and Switzerland has now produced a sufficient quantity of evidence to enable an estimate to be made of the causes of profit and loss. The central figure in a privateering venture was the armateur or managing owner, who was usually a merchant with considerable experience of buying and fitting out ships and hiring suitable captains.

Summary It is suggested that the foal is a good subject for abdominal surgery, but indications for it are few. Operations for five specific conditions are described briefly with symptoms and diagnosis, viz: 1. Rupture of the urinary bladder. 2. Acute abdomen. Exploratory laporotomy in cases where acute mechanical obstruction of the bowel is suspected. 3. Hernias. Scrotal, umbilical and diaphragmatic. 4. Retention of meconium. 5. Abscessation of the umbilical vein. Since 1948, forty-one foals have been operated upon with rupture of the bladder of which thirty-nine were successful. Results of twenty-four foals operated upon for acute abdomen were as follows: Twists of the ilium-20. Intussusception of the ilium-1. Gangrene of the caecum-2. Seven foals made uneventful recoveries following correction of twists or intussusception of the small intestine. The majority of these conditions arise as emergencies and it is emphasised that an early diagnosis is of prime importance if there is any hope of surgery being successful. Surgical intervention of foals in a moribund condition is considered unwise. Résumé Il semble que le foal soit particulièrement capable de supporter la chirurgie abdominale. Cependant les indications de cette chirurgie sont peu nombreuses. On décrit rapidement cinq conditions spécifiques où cette chirurgie est possible, en en résumant la symptomatologie et les éléments diagnostics. 1. La rupture de la vessie. 2. Le syndrome aigu d'occlusion: la laparotomie exploratrice dans les cas où une obstruction mécanique de l'intestin est suspectée. 3. Les hernies: hernies scrotales, ombilicales ou diaphragmatiques. 4. Les rétentions du méconium. 5. L'abcèdation de la veine ombilicale. Depuis 1948, 41 foals ont été opèré pour rupture de la vessie, 39 avec succès. En ce qui concerne les 24 foals opèrés pour suspicion d'occlusion les résultats s'établissent comme suit: 20 torsions de l'ileon. 1 Intussusception de l'ileon. 2 Gangrènes du caecum. Sept de ces animaux, à la suite d'une correction chirurgicale soit d'une torsion soit d'une intussusception, guèrirent normalement. La plupart de ces conditions se présentent comme des urgences et il est souligné combien un diagnostic précoce est important, pour donner à la chirurgie les plus grandes chances de réussite. L'intervention chirurgicale sur des foals moribonds est déconseillée. Zusammenfassung Das Fohlen ist nach der Ansicht des Authors sehr geeignet für abdominale Chirurgie, aber die Indikationen für derartige Eingriffe sind selten. Die Operation für 5 spezifische Krankheiten wird kurz beschrieben unter Einschluss von Symptomen und Diagnosen: 1. Ruptur der Harnblase. 2. Akute Bauchschmerzen. Probelaporotomie in Fällen bei denen eine akute mechanische Obstruktion des Darmes vermutet werden darf. 3. Brüche: Hoden- Nabel- und Zwerchfellshernie. 4. Retention von Meconium. 5. Abscedierung der Nabelvene. Seit 1948 wurden 41 Fohlen mit Harnblasenrupturen operiert, 39 davon mit Erfolg. Die Resultate von 24 Operationen wegen akuten Bauchschmerzen waren die folgenden: Verschlingung des Ileum 20 Invagination des Ileum 1 Caecum-Gangraen 2 7 Fohlen erholten sich komplikationslos nach der operativen Korrektur von Verschlingungen oder Invaginationen des Dünndarms. Die Mehrzahl derartiger Zustände wird als Notfälle eingeliefert. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird betont, dass eine frühzeitige Diagnose von äusserster Wichtigkeit ist, will man mit einiger Hoffnung auf Erfolg operativ eingreifen. Die chirurgische Intervention bei Fohlen in moribundem Zustand wird nicht empfohlen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]