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9. Genome-wide association study meta-analysis of blood pressure traits and hypertension in sub-Saharan African populations: an AWI-Gen study

Author

Singh, Surina, Choudhury, Ananyo, Hazelhurst, Scott, Crowther, Nigel J., Boua, Palwendé R., Sorgho, Hermann, Agongo, Godfred, Nonterah, Engelbert A., Micklesfield, Lisa K., Norris, Shane A., Kisiangani, Isaac, Mohamed, Shukri, Gómez-Olivé, Francesc X., Tollman, Stephen M., Choma, Solomon, Brandenburg, J-T., and Ramsay, Michèle

Published
2023
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11. Estimation of Body Mass Index from Photographs using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

Author

Pantanowitz, Adam, Cohen, Emmanuel, Gradidge, Philippe, Crowther, Nigel, Aharonson, Vered, Rosman, Benjamin, and Rubin, David M

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

Obesity is an important concern in public health, and Body Mass Index is one of the useful (and proliferant) measures. We use Convolutional Neural Networks to determine Body Mass Index from photographs in a study with 161 participants. Low data, a common problem in medicine, is addressed by reducing the information in the photographs by generating silhouette images. Results present with high correlation when tested on unseen data., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, preprint journal

Published
2019

16. HIV treatment is associated with a two-fold higher probability of raised triglycerides: Pooled Analyses in 21 023 individuals in sub-Saharan Africa.

Author

Ekoru, Kenneth, Young, Elizabeth H, Dillon, David G, Gurdasani, Deepti, Stehouwer, Nathan, Faurholt-Jepsen, Daniel, Levitt, Naomi S, Crowther, Nigel J, Nyirenda, Moffat, Njelekela, Marina A, Ramaiya, Kaushik, Nyan, Ousman, Adewole, Olanisun O, Anastos, Kathryn, Compostella, Caterina, Dave, Joel A, Fourie, Carla M, Friis, Henrik, Kruger, Iolanthe M, Longenecker, Chris T, Maher, Dermot P, Mutimura, Eugene, Ndhlovu, Chiratidzo E, Praygod, George, Pefura Yone, Eric W, Pujades-Rodriguez, Mar, Range, Nyagosya, Sani, Mahmoud U, Sanusi, Muhammad, Schutte, Aletta E, Sliwa, Karen, Tien, Phyllis C, Vorster, Este H, Walsh, Corinna, Gareta, Dickman, Mashili, Fredirick, Sobngwi, Eugene, Adebamowo, Clement, Kamali, Anatoli, Seeley, Janet, Smeeth, Liam, Pillay, Deenan, Motala, Ayesha A, Kaleebu, Pontiano, and Sandhu, Manjinder S

Subjects
Antiretroviral therapy, Cardiovascular disease, HIV, Lipids, Sub-Saharan Africa, Triglycerides
Abstract

BackgroundAnti-retroviral therapy (ART) regimes for HIV are associated with raised levels of circulating triglycerides (TG) in western populations. However, there are limited data on the impact of ART on cardiometabolic risk in sub-Saharan African (SSA) populations.MethodsPooled analyses of 14 studies comprising 21 023 individuals, on whom relevant cardiometabolic risk factors (including TG), HIV and ART status were assessed between 2003 and 2014, in SSA. The association between ART and raised TG (>2.3 mmol/L) was analysed using regression models.FindingsAmong 10 615 individuals, ART was associated with a two-fold higher probability of raised TG (RR 2.05, 95% CI 1.51-2.77, I2=45.2%). The associations between ART and raised blood pressure, glucose, HbA1c, and other lipids were inconsistent across studies.InterpretationEvidence from this study confirms the association of ART with raised TG in SSA populations. Given the possible causal effect of raised TG on cardiovascular disease (CVD), the evidence highlights the need for prospective studies to clarify the impact of long term ART on CVD outcomes in SSA.

Published
2018

17. HIV treatment is associated with a twofold higher probability of raised triglycerides: pooled analyses in 21 023 individuals in sub-Saharan Africa

Author

Ekoru, Kenneth, Young, Elizabeth H, Dillon, David G, Gurdasani, Deepti, Stehouwer, Nathan, Faurholt-Jepsen, Daniel, Levitt, Naomi S, Crowther, Nigel J, Nyirenda, Moffat, Njelekela, Marina A, Ramaiya, Kaushik, Nyan, Ousman, Adewole, Olanisun O, Anastos, Kathryn, Compostella, Caterina, Dave, Joel A, Fourie, Carla M, Friis, Henrik, Kruger, Iolanthe M, Longenecker, Chris T, Maher, Dermot P, Mutimura, Eugene, Ndhlovu, Chiratidzo E, Praygod, George, Pefura Yone, Eric W, Pujades-Rodriguez, Mar, Range, Nyagosya, Sani, Mahmoud U, Sanusi, Muhammad, Schutte, Aletta E, Sliwa, Karen, Tien, Phyllis C, Vorster, Este H, Walsh, Corinna, Gareta, Dickman, Mashili, Fredirick, Sobngwi, Eugene, Adebamowo, Clement, Kamali, Anatoli, Seeley, Janet, Smeeth, Liam, Pillay, Deenan, Motala, Ayesha A, Kaleebu, Pontiano, and Sandhu, Manjinder S

Subjects
Public Health, Health Sciences, Prevention, Cardiovascular, Heart Disease, HIV/AIDS, Mental Health, Infectious Diseases, Good Health and Well Being, Antiretroviral therapy, cardiovascular disease, HIV, lipids, sub-Saharan Africa, triglycerides, Cardiovascular disease, Lipids, Sub-Saharan Africa, Triglycerides, Genetics, Epidemiology, Public health
Abstract

Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) regimes for HIV are associated with raised levels of circulating triglycerides (TG) in western populations. However, there are limited data on the impact of ART on cardiometabolic risk in sub-Saharan African (SSA) populations. Pooled analyses of 14 studies comprising 21 023 individuals, on whom relevant cardiometabolic risk factors (including TG), HIV and ART status were assessed between 2003 and 2014, in SSA. The association between ART and raised TG (>2.3 mmol/L) was analysed using regression models. Among 10 615 individuals, ART was associated with a two-fold higher probability of raised TG (RR 2.05, 95% CI 1.51-2.77, I2=45.2%). The associations between ART and raised blood pressure, glucose, HbA1c, and other lipids were inconsistent across studies. Evidence from this study confirms the association of ART with raised TG in SSA populations. Given the possible causal effect of raised TG on cardiovascular disease (CVD), the evidence highlights the need for prospective studies to clarify the impact of long term ART on CVD outcomes in SSA.

Published
2018

18. Author Correction: Meta-analysis of sub-Saharan African studies provides insights into genetic architecture of lipid traits

Author

Choudhury, Ananyo, Brandenburg, Jean-Tristan, Chikowore, Tinashe, Sengupta, Dhriti, Boua, Palwende Romuald, Crowther, Nigel J., Agongo, Godfred, Asiki, Gershim, Gómez-Olivé, F. Xavier, Kisiangani, Isaac, Maimela, Eric, Masemola-Maphutha, Matshane, Micklesfield, Lisa K., Nonterah, Engelbert A., Norris, Shane A., Sorgho, Hermann, Tinto, Halidou, Tollman, Stephen, Graham, Sarah E., Willer, Cristen J., Hazelhurst, Scott, and Ramsay, Michèle

Published
2022
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20. Meta-analysis of sub-Saharan African studies provides insights into genetic architecture of lipid traits

Author

Choudhury, Ananyo, Brandenburg, Jean-Tristan, Chikowore, Tinashe, Sengupta, Dhriti, Boua, Palwende Romuald, Crowther, Nigel J., Agongo, Godfred, Asiki, Gershim, Gómez-Olivé, F. Xavier, Kisiangani, Isaac, Maimela, Eric, Masemola-Maphutha, Matshane, Micklesfield, Lisa K., Nonterah, Engelbert A., Norris, Shane A., Sorgho, Hermann, Tinto, Halidou, Tollman, Stephen, Graham, Sarah E., Willer, Cristen J., Hazelhurst, Scott, and Ramsay, Michèle

Published
2022
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24. SHBG, Free Testosterone, and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Middle-aged African Men: A Longitudinal Study.

Author

Seipone, Ikanyeng D, Mendham, Amy E, Storbeck, Karl-Heinz, Oestlund, Imken, Kufe, Clement N, Chikowore, Tinashe, Masemola, Maphoko, Crowther, Nigel J, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Norris, Shane, Olsson, Tommy, Brown, Todd, Micklesfield, Lisa K, and Goedecke, Julia H

Subjects
BLACK South Africans, INSULIN sensitivity, TYPE 2 diabetes, MIDDLE-aged men, GLUCOSE metabolism
Abstract

Objectives To investigate longitudinal changes in SHBG and free testosterone (free T) levels among Black middle-aged African men, with and without coexistent HIV, and explore associations with incident dysglycaemia and measures of glucose metabolism. Design This longitudinal study enrolled 407 Black South African middle-aged men, comprising primarily 322 men living without HIV (MLWOH) and 85 men living with HIV (MLWH), with normal fasting glucose at enrollment. Follow-up assessments were conducted after 3.1 ± 1.5 years. Methods At baseline and follow-up, SHBG, albumin, and total testosterone were measured and free T was calculated. An oral glucose tolerance test at follow-up determined dysglycaemia (impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes) and glucose metabolism parameters including insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index), insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance), and beta(β)-cell function (disposition index). The primary analysis focussed on MLWOH, with a subanalysis on MLWH to explore whether associations in MLWOH differed from MLWH. Results The prevalence of dysglycaemia at follow-up was 17% (n = 55) in MLWOH. Higher baseline SHBG was associated with a lower risk of incident dysglycaemia (odds ratio 0.966; 95% confidence interval 0.945-0.987) and positively associated with insulin sensitivity (β = 0.124, P <.001) and β-cell function (β = 0.194, P =.001) at follow-up. Free T did not predict dysglycaemia. In MLWH, dysglycaemia prevalence at follow-up was 12% (n = 10). Neither baseline SHBG nor free T were associated with incident dysglycaemia and glucose metabolism parameters in MLWH. Conclusion SHBG levels predict the development of dysglycaemia in middle-aged African men but do not exhibit the same predictive value in MLWH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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30. Physical Activity and Its Association With Body Mass Index: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in Middle-Aged Adults From 4 Sub-Saharan African Countries.

Author

Muti, Monica, Ware, Lisa J., Micklesfield, Lisa K., Ramsay, Michele, Agongo, Godfred, Boua, Palwende R., Kisiangani, Isaac, Cook, Ian, Gómez-Olivé, Francesc Xavier, Crowther, Nigel J., Kabudula, Chodziwadziwa, Norris, Shane A., and Chikowore, Tinashe

Subjects
PHYSICAL activity, MIDDLE-aged persons, BODY mass index, CROSS-sectional method
Abstract

Background: This study aimed to explore association of self-reported physical activity domains of work, leisure, and transport-related physical activity and body mass index (BMI) in 9388 adult men and women from the Africa-Wits-INDEPTH partnership for Genomic (AWI-Gen) study in Africa. Africa-Wits-INDEPTH partnership for Genomic is a large, population-based cross-sectional cohort with participants from 6 sites from rural and urban areas in 4 sub-Saharan African countries. Methods: A sex-stratified meta-analysis of cross-sectional data from men and women aged 29–82 years was used to assess the association of physical activity with BMI. Results: Overall, meeting physical activity guidelines of at least 150 minutes per week was associated with 0.82 kg/m2 lower BMI in men (β = −0.80 kg/m2; 95% confidence interval [CI], −1.14 to −0.47) and 0.68 kg/m2 lower BMI in women (β = −0.68 kg/m2; 95% CI, −1.03 to −0.33). Sex and site-specific differences were observed in the associations between physical activity domains and BMI. Among those who met physical activity guidelines, there was an inverse association between transport-related physical activity and BMI in men from Nanoro (Burkina Faso) (β = −0.79 kg/m2; 95% CI, −1.25 to −0.33) as well as work-related physical activity and BMI in Navrongo men (Ghana) (β = −0.76 kg/m2; 95% CI, −1.25 to −0.27) and Nanoro women (β = −0.90 kg/m2; 95% CI, −1.44 to −0.36). Conclusions: Physical activity may be an effective strategy to curb rising obesity in Africa. More studies are needed to assess the impact of sex and geographic location-specific physical activity interventions on obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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33. Kidney damage and associated risk factors in rural and urban sub-Saharan Africa (AWI-Gen): a cross-sectional population study

Author

George, Jaya A, Brandenburg, Jean-Tristan, Fabian, June, Crowther, Nigel J, Agongo, Godfred, Alberts, Marianne, Ali, Stuart, Asiki, Gershim, Boua, Palwende R, Gómez-Olivé, F Xavier, Mashinya, Felistas, Micklesfield, Lisa, Mohamed, Shukri F, Mukomana, Freedom, Norris, Shane A, Oduro, Abraham R, Soo, Cassandra, Sorgho, Hermann, Wade, Alisha, Naicker, Saraladevi, and Ramsay, Michèle

Published
2019
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35. Enabling the genomic revolution in Africa

Author

Rotimi, Charles, Abayomi, Akin, Abimiku, Alash'le, Adabayeri, Victoria May, Adebamowo, Clement, Adebiyi, Ezekiel, Ademola, Adebowale D, Adeyemo, Adebowale, Adu, Dwomoa, Affolabi, Dissou, Agongo, Godfred, Ajayi, Samuel, Akarolo-Anthony, Sally, Akinyemi, Rufus, Akpalu, Albert, Alberts, Marianne, Alonso Betancourt, Orlando, Alzohairy, Ahmed Mansour, Ameni, Gobena, Amodu, Olukemi, Anabwani, Gabriel, Andersen, Kristian, Arogundade, Fatiu, Arulogun, Oyedunni, Asogun, Danny, Bakare, Rasheed, Balde, Naby, Baniecki, Mary Lynn, Beiswanger, Christine, Benkahla, Alia, Bethke, Lara, Boehnke, Micheal, Boima, Vincent, Brandful, James, Brooks, Andrew I, Brosius, Frank C, Brown, Chester, Bucheton, Bruno, Burke, David T, Burnett, Barrington G, Carrington-Lawrence, Stacy, Carstens, Nadia, Chisi, John, Christoffels, Alan, Cooper, Richard, Cordell, Heather, Crowther, Nigel, Croxton, Talishiea, de Vries, Jantina, Derr, Leslie, Donkor, Peter, Doumbia, Seydou, Duncanson, Audrey, Ekem, Ivy, El Sayed, Ahmed, Engel, Mark E, Enyaru, John CK, Everett, Dean, Fadlelmola, Faisal M, Fakunle, Eyitayo, Fischbeck, Kenneth H, Fischer, Anne, Folarin, Onikepe, Gamieldien, Junaid, Garry, Robert F, Gaseitsiwe, Simani, Gbadegesin, Rasheed, Ghansah, Anita, Giovanni, Maria, Goesbeck, Parham, Gomez-Olive, F Xavier, Grant, Donald S, Grewal, Ravnit, Guyer, Mark, Hanchard, Neil A, Happi, Christian T, Hazelhurst, Scott, Hennig, Branwen J, Hertz-, Christiane, Fowler, Hide, Winston, Hilderbrandt, Friedhelm, Hugo-Hamman, Christopher, Ibrahim, Muntaser E, James, Regina, Jaufeerally-Fakim, Yasmina, Jenkins, Carolyn, Jentsch, Ute, Jiang, Pan-Pan, Joloba, Moses, Jongeneel, Victor, Joubert, Fourie, Kader, Mukthar, Kahn, Kathleen, Kaleebu, Pontiano, Kapiga, Saidi H, Kassim, Samar Kamal, Kasvosve, Ishmael, Kayondo, Jonathan, and Keavney, Bernard

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Genetics, Clinical Sciences, Medical Microbiology, Human Genome, Cancer, Infectious Diseases, HIV/AIDS, Clinical Research, Biotechnology, Rare Diseases, 2.6 Resources and infrastructure (aetiology), Aetiology, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Africa, Disease, England, Genetics, Medical, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genomics, Health, Humans, National Institutes of Health (U.S.), United States, H3Africa Consortium, General Science & Technology
Abstract

H3Africa is developing capacity for health-related genomics research in Africa

Published
2014

38. Association of HIV and ART with cardiometabolic traits in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author

Gurdasani, Deepti, Riha, Johanna, Ekoru, Kenneth, Asiki, Gershim, Mayanja, Billy, Levitt, Naomi, Crowther, Nigel, Nyirenda, Moffat, Njelekela, Marina, Ramaiya, Kaushik, Nyan, Ousman, Adewole, Olanisun, Anastos, Kathryn, Azzoni, Livio, Boom, W, Compostella, Caterina, Dave, Joel, Dawood, Halima, Erikstrup, Christian, Fourie, Carla, Friis, Henrik, Kruger, Annamarie, Idoko, John, Longenecker, Chris, Mbondi, Suzanne, Mukaya, Japheth, Mutimura, Eugene, Ndhlovu, Chiratidzo, Praygod, George, Pefura Yone, Eric, Pujades-Rodriguez, Mar, Range, Nyagosya, Sani, Mahmoud, Schutte, Aletta, Sliwa, Karen, Vorster, Este, Walsh, Corinna, Zinyama, Rutendo, Mashili, Fredirick, Sobngwi, Eugene, Adebamowo, Clement, Kamali, Anatoli, Seeley, Janet, Young, Elizabeth, Smeeth, Liam, Motala, Ayesha, Kaleebu, Pontiano, Sandhu, Manjinder, Tien, Phyllis, and Dillon, David

Subjects
ART, HIV, cardiometabolic disease, sub-Saharan Africa, Africa South of the Sahara, Anti-HIV Agents, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Body Mass Index, Diabetes Mellitus, Dyslipidemias, HIV Infections, Humans, Hypertension
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has the highest burden of HIV in the world and a rising prevalence of cardiometabolic disease; however, the interrelationship between HIV, antiretroviral therapy (ART) and cardiometabolic traits is not well described in SSA populations. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis through MEDLINE and EMBASE (up to January 2012), as well as direct author contact. Eligible studies provided summary or individual-level data on one or more of the following traits in HIV+ and HIV-, or ART+ and ART- subgroups in SSA: body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TGs) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Information was synthesized under a random-effects model and the primary outcomes were the standardized mean differences (SMD) of the specified traits between subgroups of participants. RESULTS: Data were obtained from 49 published and 3 unpublished studies which reported on 29 755 individuals. HIV infection was associated with higher TGs [SMD, 0.26; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.08 to 0.44] and lower HDL (SMD, -0.59; 95% CI, -0.86 to -0.31), BMI (SMD, -0.32; 95% CI, -0.45 to -0.18), SBP (SMD, -0.40; 95% CI, -0.55 to -0.25) and DBP (SMD, -0.34; 95% CI, -0.51 to -0.17). Among HIV+ individuals, ART use was associated with higher LDL (SMD, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.72) and HDL (SMD, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.66), and lower HbA1c (SMD, -0.34; 95% CI, -0.62 to -0.06). Fully adjusted estimates from analyses of individual participant data were consistent with meta-analysis of summary estimates for most traits. CONCLUSIONS: Broadly consistent with results from populations of European descent, these results suggest differences in cardiometabolic traits between HIV-infected and uninfected individuals in SSA, which might be modified by ART use. In a region with the highest burden of HIV, it will be important to clarify these findings to reliably assess the need for monitoring and managing cardiometabolic risk in HIV-infected populations in SSA.

Published
2013

40. Regional and Sex Differences in the Prevalence and Awareness of Hypertension: An H3Africa AWI-Gen Study Across 6 Sites in Sub-Saharan Africa

Author

Gómez-Olivé, F. Xavier, Ali, Stuart A., Made, Felix, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Nonterah, Engelbert, Micklesfield, Lisa, Alberts, Marianne, Boua, Romuald, Hazelhurst, Scott, Debpuur, Cornelius, Mashinya, Felistas, Dikotope, Sekgothe, Sorgho, Hermann, Cook, Ian, Muthuri, Stella, Soo, Cassandra, Mukomana, Freedom, Agongo, Godfred, Wandabwa, Christopher, Afolabi, Sulaimon, Oduro, Abraham, Tinto, Halidou, Wagner, Ryan G., Haregu, Tilahun, Wade, Alisha, Kahn, Kathleen, Norris, Shane A., Crowther, Nigel J., Tollman, Stephen, Sankoh, Osman, and Ramsay, Michèle

Published
2017
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45. Observations on Roman Ball Games.

Author

Crowther, Nigel B.

Subjects
BYZANTINE antiquities, ROMAN history, ARCHAEOLOGY, SPORTS in antiquity, UPPER class
Abstract

A study of Roman ball games from the second century BC to the fifth century AD, with a brief look at the seventh century and the Byzantine period. This article is an attempt to separate Roman from Greek games, to dispel some of the misconceptions that constantly appear in popular discussions regarding ball games and to consider what part they played in Roman life among the different social classes. The literary sources are meagre, mostly poets, philosophers, and grammarians who are not always interested in games such as trigon or harpastum per se, and usually make only passing references to them. They show sporting activities for upper-class male citizens, with a few negative comments on the other social groups. Archaeology from Pompeii, however, the Campus Martius, and the Bathing complexes throw a different light on ball games and the lower classes. The article will concentrate on Rome but games from Pompeii, Gaul, Sevilla, and Constantinople will also be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024

48. Cardiometabolic disease risk factors in pre- and postmenopausal women from four sub-Saharan African countries: A cross-sectional study

Author

Chikwati, Raylton P., primary, Mahyoodeen, Nasrin Goolam, additional, Jaff, Nicole G., additional, Ramsay, Michele, additional, Micklesfield, Lisa K., additional, Wade, Alisha N., additional, Agongo, Godfred, additional, Asiki, Gershim, additional, Choma, Solomon S.R., additional, Boua, Palwende R., additional, George, Jaya A., additional, and Crowther, Nigel J., additional

Published
2023
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49. Diabetes care cascade and associated factors in 10 700 middle-aged adults in four sub-Saharan African countries: a cross-sectional study

Author

Wade, Alisha N, primary, Maposa, Innocent, additional, Agongo, Godfred, additional, Asiki, Gershim, additional, Boua, Palwende, additional, Choma, Solomon S R, additional, Gómez-Olivé, F Xavier, additional, Maimela, Eric, additional, Micklesfield, Lisa K, additional, Mohamed, Shukri F, additional, Nonterah, Engelbert A, additional, Norris, Shane A, additional, Sorgho, Hermann, additional, Ramsay, Michele, additional, and Crowther, Nigel J, additional

Published
2023
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