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BACKGROUND Laryngotracheal resection and anastomosis (LTRA) is a reliable treatment for benign subglottic laryngotracheal stenosis (BSLTS), but data on functional outcomes are scarce. We assessed the surgical and functional outcomes of LTRA in BSLTS. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients who underwent LTRA for BSLTS in 2007 to 2018. The 30-day outcomes were mortality, complications, and success rate. At the last follow-up, patients completed functional questionnaires (visual analog scale [VAS] and modified Medical Research Council scale for dyspnea, a VAS for swallowing, and the Voice Handicap Index) and assessed quality of life. RESULTS Of 43 patients with BSLTS, 28 underwent the modified Pearson technique, and 15 Grillo's procedure. During the first 30 days, no patients died, the postoperative complication rate was 44%, and the success rate was 95%. After a mean follow-up of 53 months in 38 patients (88%), 7 patients had restenosis and 36 had late surgical success (95%). In the 34 patients who completed the questionnaires (79%), mean VAS dyspnea scores decreased significantly during rest (-5.4 ± 4.2) and exercise (-5.6 ± 4.4) (P < .001). A trend toward a decrease in modified Medical Research Council scale was found (P = .057; grade 0 in 62% of patients). The Voice Handicap Index indicated that voice impairment was absent to moderate in 30 patients (88%) and severe in 4 (12%). The VAS dysphagia scores were not significantly different before and after surgery. Quality of life gains were reported by 85% of patients. CONCLUSIONS Laryngotracheal resection and anastomosis for BSLTS is safe and provides excellent surgical and functional outcomes with an improved quality of life. Laryngotracheal resection and anastomosis is a valid treatment option for BSLTS.

Purpose Lung transplantation (TxP) is now a validated treatment of end-stage pulmonary diseases, but long-term survival are still hampered by the development of chronic allograft dysfunction (CLAD) affecting> 50% of patients. Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome/obliterative bronchiolitis (BOS/OB) is the most common manifestation of CLAD. Survival after onset of BOS is poor ( Methods A phase III clinical randomized trial to assess the efficacy of Nintedanib in LTx recipients with BOS.Inclusion criteria: n=80 LTx recipients with BOS 0p-1-2, with a decline of FEV1> 200ml within the previous year.Primary Objective: to assess Nintedanib efficacy in the reduction of the rate of decline of FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 sec) at a dose of 150 mg twice daily (bid) compared to placebo over 6 months. Secondary Objectives: to assess Nintedanib efficacy and tolerance in the treatment of BOS 0p-1-2, based on the change over 6 months of : 6WT, QOL, BOS grade/graft failure, O2 saturation, KL-6, SPD, VEGF, PDGF parameters, and tolerance. Results The trial was started in December 2019 among 8 french LTx centers (Hopital Foch, Bichat, HEGP/Cochin, Marie-Lannelongue, Marseille, Bordeaux, Strasbourg, and Grenoble), for a total duration of inclusion anticipated at 36 months. On October 15th 2020, 14 patients were already included. Conclusion Infinitix-BOS is the first therapeutic randomized trial testing the efficacy of nintedanib in LTx recipients with BOS. In case of demonstrated effectiveness of Nintedanib, the benefit for LTx patients with BOS seems high in terms of stabilization of lung function and enhancement of survival.

Introduction La vaccination contre la Covid a été recommandée chez les patients transplantés d’organes solides en début d’année 2021, selon un schéma comprenant 3 doses chez les patients n’ayant pas présenté d’infection par la Covid 19 et selon un schéma comprenant 2 injections chez les patients ayant été infectés par la Covid. Méthodes Nous avons étudié la réponse vaccinale après un schéma complet dans une cohorte de patients transplantés pulmonaires et cardiopulmonaires à l’hôpital Marie Lannelongue. Selon les recommandations de l’OMS, l’absence de réponse vaccinale est définie par une sérologie dont le taux est 260 BAU/ml. Les patients dont le taux est compris entre 30 et 260 BAU/ml sont considérés comme faiblement répondeurs. La sérologie a été effectuée entre 1 et 3 mois après la dernière injection. Résultats Dans notre cohorte comprenant 373 patients, une sérologie Covid a pu être obtenue chez 75% des patients. Une absence complète de séroconversion a été constatée chez 75% des patients. Une séroconversion avec un taux d’anticorps considéré comme protecteur n’a été obtenu que chez 14% des patients, dont la moitié a présenté une infection par la Covid. Par ailleurs, 11% des patients ont été faiblement répondeurs. Conclusion Notre étude mono-centrique suggère une très faible réponse vaccinale chez les patients transplantés pulmonaires et cardiopulmonaires, suggérant la réalisation d’une 4e dose chez les patients partiellement répondeurs et/ou un traitement par anticorps monoclonaux spécifiques chez les patients non répondeurs.

Introduction La survie apres transplantation pulmonaire (TxP) reste limitee par la survenue d’une dysfunction chronique pulmonaire (CLAD), qui touche > 50 % des greffes. La forme obstructive de CLAD, bronchiolite obliterante (BO)/syndrome de BO (SBO), est le phenotype le plus frequent de CLAD (80% des cas). Les lesions de BO semblent dues a des agressions repetees de l’epithelium bronchique avec developpement d’une cicatrice fibreuse. Il n’existe actuellement pas de traitement demontre pour stabiliser le SBO. Le role crucial de la dysfonction de reparation fibrotique est demontre dans la BO via le remodellage bronchique, l’augmentation de matrice extra-cellulaire, la transition epithelio-mesenchymateuse, l’augmentation des facteurs de croissance PDGF, VEGF, FGF, IGF- Le TKI Nintedanib, demontre efficace dans la fibrose pulmonaire idiopathique, et qui cible ces facteurs de croissance, est une molecule candidate. Un essai therapeutique testant le nintedanib dans la BOS post-TxP a debute en France fin 2019. Methodes Essai multicentrique, randomise double aveugle contre placebo, evaluant l’efficacite du Nintedanib dans le traitement du syndrome de bronchiolite obliterante grade 0-p et grade 1-2 chez les patients greffes pulmonaires. Criteres d’inclusion: BOS 0-p, 1, 2 et forme mixte de CLAD (criteres ISHLT). Objectif principal: evaluer l’efficacite du nintedanib sur la reduction du taux de declin du VEMS dans le SBO post-TxP (150 mg × 2/j versus placebo pendant 6 mois (± 100 mg × 2/j si effets secondaires). Objectifs secondaires: evaluer l’efficacite du nintedanib sur l’evolution de: 6WT, QOL (SGRQ); mesures repetees VEMS; grade BOS; Saturation O2; ainsi que frequence des effets secondaires, et evolution de parametres sanguins KL-6, SPD, VEGF, PDGF. Resultats L’essai a ete ouvert entre dec 2019 et mars 2020 parmi 8 centres de greffe en France (Hopital Foch, Bichat, HEGP/Cochin, Marie-Lannelongue, Marseille, Bordeaux, Strasbourg et Grenoble), pour une duree d’inclusion prevue de 36 mois. Au 31/08/2020, 7 patients greffes ont ete inclus dans 3 centres. Afin d’augmenter le nombre de patients eligibles, une modification du protocole du 2/07/2020, permet d’inclure desormais les patients avec BOS grade 0-p et les regreffes. Conclusion InfinitixBOS est le 1er essai therapeutique randomise controle evaluant l’efficacite du Nintedanib dans les formes obstructives/mixtes de CLAD. En cas de demonstration d’une efficacite sur la fonction pulmonaire, le benefice au patient est eleve au vu de la frequence du SBO.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by relentlessly progressive lung function impairment that is consistently fatal in the absence of lung transplantation, as no curative pharmacological treatment exists. The pace of progression varies across patients, and acute life-threatening exacerbations occur unpredictably, causing further sharp drops in lung function. Recently introduced antifibrotic agents slow the pace of disease progression and may improve survival but fail to stop the fibrotic process. Moreover, the magnitude and kinetics of the response to these drugs cannot be predicted in the individual patient. These characteristics require that lung transplantation be considered early in the course of the disease. However, given the shortage of donor lungs, lung transplantation must be carefully targeted to those patients most likely to benefit. Current guidelines for lung transplantation listing may need reappraisal in the light of recent treatment advances. Patients with IPF often have multiple comorbidities such as coronary heart disease, frailty, and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Consequently, extensive screening for and effective treatment of concomitant conditions is crucial to appropriate candidate selection and outcome optimisation. A multidisciplinary approach is mandatory. Pulmonologists with expertise in IPF must work closely with lung transplant teams. Careful consideration must be given to preoperative optimisation, surgical technique, and pulmonary rehabilitation to produce the best post-transplantation outcomes.