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A recent study published data on the growth performance, relative weights of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, liver histology, serum biochemistry, and hematological parameters for turkey poults fed an experimental diet contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and humic acids (HA) extracted from vermicompost. The negative effects of AFB1 (250 ng AFB1/g of feed) were significantly reduced by HA supplementation (0.25% w/w), suggesting that HA might be utilized to ameliorate the negative impact of AFB1 from contaminated diets. The present study shows the results of the remaining variables, as an extension of a previously published work which aimed to evaluate the impact of HA on the intestinal microbiota, gut integrity, ileum morphometry, and cellular immunity of turkey poults fed an AFB1-contaminated diet. For this objective, five equal groups of 1-day-old female Nicholas-700 turkey poults were randomly assigned to the following treatments: negative control (basal diet), positive control (basal diet + 250 ng AFB1/g), HA (basal diet + 0.25% HA), HA + AFB1 (basal diet + 0.25% HA + 250 ng AFB1/g), and Zeolite (basal diet + 0.25% zeolite + 250 ng AFB1/g). In the experiment, seven replicates of ten poults each were used per treatment (n = 70). In general, HA supplementation with or without the presence of AFB1 showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the number of beneficial butyric acid producers, ileum villi height, and ileum total area, and a significant reduction in serum levels of fluorescein isothiocyanate–dextran (FITC-d), a marker of intestinal integrity. In contrast, poults fed with AFB1 showed a significant increase in Proteobacteria and lower numbers of beneficial bacteria, clearly suggesting gut dysbacteriosis. Moreover, poults supplemented with AFB1 displayed the lowest morphometric parameters and the highest intestinal permeability. Furthermore, poults in the negative and positive control treatments had the lowest cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity response. These findings suggest that HA supplementation enhanced intestinal integrity (shape and permeability), cellular immune response, and healthier gut microbiota composition, even in the presence of dietary exposure to AFB1. These results complement those of the previously published study, suggesting that HA may be a viable dietary intervention to improve gut health and immunity in turkey poults during aflatoxicosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Futsal is currently one of the most practiced sports, with shooting as one of the most important technical elements during a match. This way, this study analyzed the connection between the shots executed and the final result of playoff games in the 2020 Brazilian National Futsal League. Scouts from 60 playoff games in the 2020 season adult male league, available in the Brazilian National Futsal League website, were collected and analyzed descriptively. A total of 2,219 shots were executed (average of 36,98 (+-81,10) per game), out which 743 (33.5%) were executed towards the opponent's goal (average of 12,38 (+-29,31) shots per game), and 1,476 (66.5%) went out of the goal (average of 24,60 (+-53,74 shots per game). The results also showed that the winning team was not the one that shot the most during the matches at this stage of the competition. Futsal is a sport that demands complex actions and, as a result, the winning team was the one that, with its offensive actions combined, managed to achieve greater use and efficiency of the number of shots towards the goal. Therefore, we concluded that the final result of the playoff games in the 2020 Brazilian National Futsal League is connected to the efficiency of the shots towards the goal and not to the total number of shots executed during the matches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to evaluate the effcacy of humic acid (HA) from worm compost as an adsorbent for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in turkey poults. The experiment involved the inclusion of 0.25% (w/w) HA in the diet of turkey poults consuming aflatoxin-contaminated feed (250 ng AFB1/g). A total of 350 1-day-old female Nicholas-700 turkey poults were randomly allocated to five equal groups: negative control (basal diet); positive control (basal diet + 250 ng AFB1/g; HA (basal diet + 0.25% HA); HA + AFB1 (basal diet + HA + 250 ng AFB1/g); and zeolite + AFB1 (basal diet + 0.25% zeolite + 250 ng AFB1/g). Each group had seven replicates of 10 poults (n = 70). The impact of HA addition was evaluated in terms of performance parameters, relative organ weights, liver histological lesions, and serum biochemical and hematological constituents. In general, the addition of HA improved body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion rate (FCR). Furthermore, HA eectively mitigated the toxic eects caused by AFB1 in the majority of the analyzed variables. The results indicated that HA eectively counteracted the AFB1-induced toxic eects in turkey poults. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that HA is capable of removing AFB1 from the contaminated [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]