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Previous experiments have suggested that elevation of the dietary lipid levels from 13 to 20% does not improve the growth and survival of gilthead sea bream larvae if the levels of essential fatty acids in the diet meet the requirements of the larvae. In order to test this hypothesis and to study protein and carbohydrate utilization by the gilthead sea bream larvae, two dietary levels of lipid, protein, and carbohydrate were tested in a feeding trial. Fifteen-day-old gilthead sea bream larvae were fed four microparticulated diets that contained lipids (diet A), protein (diet B), and a mixture of glucose and glycogen (diet C) instead of a-cellulose (diet D). Larvae were fed the experimental diets together with a small amount of rotifers cultured on baker’s yeast. After 14 d of feeding, there were no significant differences (p < 0.05) among the treatments in growth and survival of the larvae. These results suggest that, assuming good quality of ingredients, the lowest levels of lipid, protein, and carbohydrates used in this experiment were enough to promote the good growth and survival of the larvae.

Molecular diagnostics for crop diseases can enhance food security by enabling the rapid identification of threatening pathogens and providing critical information for the deployment of disease management strategies. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a PCR-based tool that allows the rapid, highly specific amplification of target DNA sequences at a single temperature and is thus ideal for field-level diagnosis of plant diseases. We developed primers highly specific for two globally important rice pathogens, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal agent of bacterial blight (BB) disease, and X. oryzae pv. oryzicola, the causal agent of bacterial leaf streak disease (BLS), for use in reliable, sensitive LAMP assays. In addition to pathovar distinction, two assays that differentiate X. oryzae pv. oryzae by African or Asian lineage were developed. Using these LAMP primer sets, the presence of each pathogen was detected from DNA and bacterial cells, as well as leaf and seed samples. Thresholds of detection for all assays were consistently 10(4) to 10(5) CFU ml(-1), while genomic DNA thresholds were between 1 pg and 10 fg. Use of the unique sequences combined with the LAMP assay provides a sensitive, accurate, rapid, simple, and inexpensive protocol to detect both BB and BLS pathogens.

p. 827-833 Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2014-07-15T16:12:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 R.T.C. Martins.pdf: 1494527 bytes, checksum: f0526d899a57a9091d70de94b3316ef1 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Flávia Ferreira (flaviaccf@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-08-18T16:41:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 R.T.C. Martins.pdf: 1494527 bytes, checksum: f0526d899a57a9091d70de94b3316ef1 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-18T16:41:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 R.T.C. Martins.pdf: 1494527 bytes, checksum: f0526d899a57a9091d70de94b3316ef1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in critically ill patients. Diuretics are used without any evidence demonstrating a beneficial effect on renal function. The objective of the present study is to determine the incidence of AKI in an intensive care unit (ICU) and if there is an association between the use of furosemide and the development of AKI. The study involved a hospital cohort in which 344 patients were consecutively enrolled from January 2010 to January 2011. A total of 132 patients (75 females and 57 males, average age 64 years) remained for analysis. Most exclusions were related to ICU discharge in the first 24 h. Laboratory, sociodemographic and clinical data were collected until the development of AKI, medical discharge or patient death. The incidence of AKI was 55% (95%CI = 46-64). The predictors of AKI found by univariate analysis were septic shock: OR = 3.12, 95%CI = 1.36-7.14; use of furosemide: OR = 3.27, 95%CI = 1.57-6.80, and age: OR = 1.02, 95%CI = 1.00-1.04. Analysis of the subgroup of patients with septic shock showed that the odds ratio of furosemide was 5.5 (95%CI = 1.16-26.02) for development of AKI. Age, use of furosemide, and septic shock were predictors of AKI in critically ill patients. Use of furosemide in the subgroup of patients with sepsis/septic shock increased (68.4%) the chance of development of AKI when compared to the sample as a whole (43.9%)

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is the causal agent of bacterial blight in rice, one of the most devastating diseases of rice worldwide. African X. oryzae pv. oryzae strains belong to a clear genetic group distinct from those of Asia. Three new races of the pathogen were characterized among strains from West Africa. We evaluated 107 Oryza glaberrima accessions for resistance to bacterial blight under greenhouse conditions. Six-week-old seedlings were inoculated with five different African X. oryzae pv. oryzae strains originating from the West African nations of Burkina and Mali and representing different races (A1, A2, and A3). Philippine X. oryzae pv. oryzae strain PXO86 (race 2) was also used. Most (48%) of the accessions of O. glaberrima were highly susceptible to X. oryzae pv. oryzae strains from Burkina, while 20 and 36 were resistant to X. oryzae pv. oryzae strains from Mali and the Philippines, respectively. CAPS markers and dot blot assays were used for detection of resistance genes xa5 and Xa21 from a selected set of O. glaberrima accessions. Our results suggest that the O. glaberrima germplasm contains a narrow genetic base for resistance to X. oryzae pv. oryzae. Sources of resistance identified among O. glaberrima are recommended for rice breeding programs to develop bacterial blight-resistant cultivars for West Africa.

O debate sobre o uso do biodiesel passou efetivamente a integrar ações públicas e privadas, quando o governo federal aprovou a Lei 11.097/2005, referente ao Programa Nacional de Produção e Uso do Biodiesel, que prevê a mistura de biodiesel ao diesel, prevendo a obtenção de benefícios econômicos, sociais e ambientais. As metas do programa foram gradativamente sendo implantadas, iniciando-se com uma mistura de B2 e atingindo-se já em 2010, a mistura de B5, que estava prevista para 2013. Com essa obrigatoriedade, houve aumento da demanda e estímulo ao aumento da produção de biodiesel, o que pode contribuir para a reconfiguração da matriz energética do país. O Rio Grande do Sul está liderando a produção de biodiesel em nível nacional. Este artigo visa configurar a cadeia produtiva do biodiesel no Rio Grande do Sul, com base no uso da matéria-prima soja. Utilizou-se a pesquisa qualitativa e exploratória, buscando-se dados primários, obtidos através de entrevistas em profundidade com agentes da cadeia, bem como dados secundários (sites, órgãos oficiais, artigos científicos. A cadeia produtiva do biodiesel no Rio Grande do Sul tem como estrutura central quatro usinas de biodiesel, que produzem o produto a partir do uso da soja, pelo potencial dessa oleaginosa no estado e a disponibilidade de empresas que transformam o grão em óleo vegetal. A distribuição do produto e feita pela Petrobrás que abastece os postos de combustíveis. Os consumidores organizacionais e finais representam o elo final da cadeia. Para a competitividade da cadeia produtiva do biodiesel é preciso investimentos em pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação na agricultura, na produção de biodiesel, na logística de distribuição e, melhoria na comunicação com os consumidores.

This article 'Using rice cultivar mixtures: a sustainable approach for managing diseases and increasing yield.' appeared in the International Rice Research Notes series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and rice-based systems. The series is a mechanism to help scientists keep each other informed of current rice research findings. The concise scientific notes are meant to encourage rice scientists to communicate with one another to obtain details on the research reported.

This article 'Characterization of rice sheath rot from Siniloan, Philippines' appeared in the International Rice Research Notes series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and rice-based systems. The series is a mechanism to help scientists keep each other informed of current rice research findings. The concise scientific notes are meant to encourage rice scientists to communicate with one another to obtain details on the research reported.