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Effective government services rely on accurate population numbers to allocate resources. In Colombia and globally, census enumeration is challenging in remote regions and where armed conflict is occurring. During census preparations, the Colombian National Administrative Department of Statistics conducted social cartography workshops, where community representatives estimated numbers of dwellings and people throughout their regions. We repurposed this information, combining it with remotely sensed buildings data and other geospatial data. To estimate building counts and population sizes, we developed hierarchical Bayesian models, trained using nearby full-coverage census enumerations and assessed using 10-fold cross-validation. We compared models to assess the relative contributions of community knowledge, remotely sensed buildings, and their combination to model fit. The Community model was unbiased but imprecise; the Satellite model was more precise but biased; and the Combination model was best for overall accuracy. Results reaffirmed the power of remotely sensed buildings data for population estimation and highlighted the value of incorporating local knowledge.

The purpose of this study was to analyze cellular immune components and their association with heart rate variability in triathlon athletes. Twelve athletes were included (age 36.41 ± 5.57 years, body mass 81.84 ± 10.97 kg) and blood samples were taken one week before, immediately, at 2 and 48 hours, and one week after competition. Total lymphocytes and their subpopulations, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils and monocytes were analyzed. At the same time, heart rate variability was recorded for 30 minutes using Polar Team2®. A significant difference between lymphocyte subpopulations and heart rate variability was found in the different study periods. A positive correlation was found between total lymphocytes and rMSSD (r = .736, p <0.05), CD3+ and rMSSD (r = .785, p <0.05), and CD4+ and rMSSD (r = .795, p < 0.05) at the end of the competition. After one week of competition, a negative correlation was found between eosinophils and MRR, SDNN, pNN50, and rMSSD (p <0.01); and basophils and MRR, SDNN, pNN50, and rMSSD (p <0.01); while a positive correlation was found between CD19+ (B cells) and pNN50 (r = .678, p <0.05). Our results suggest that it is possible to predict the effect of training with regard to the athlete's performance.

We compared deoxyadenosine (AdR)- and cyclic AMP (cAMP)-induced cell cycle arrest and cytotoxicity in wild type and mutant S49 cells to determine whether they resulted from the same or different mechanisms. Cyclic AMP and deoxyadenosine are synergistic rather than additive in cytotoxicity assays, suggesting different mechanisms of toxicity. Although cyclic AMP causes cell death after 72 h, in concentrations sufficient to result in cell cycle arrest it is reversible with virtually no cytotoxicity for at least 24 h, whereas AdR-induced cell cycle arrest is lethal and irreversible. AdR-induced G1 cell cycle arrest results in diminished ribonucleotide reductase activity but the kinetics of this inhibition differ from cyclic AMP-induced cell cycle arrest. Cyclic AMP arrest and cytotoxicity depend on cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity, whereas AdR toxicity does not differ between cell lines with or without PKA activity. Furthermore, deoxycytidine prevents AdR cell cycle arrest and cytotoxicity but has no effect on cyclic AMP G1 arrest. Finally, comparison of cytofluorographic patterns of G1-arrested cells suggests that the AdR block is later in G1 than cyclic AMP-induced cell cycle arrest. In summary, these data show that while the mechanisms of cell cycle arrest and cytotoxicity of cyclic AMP and deoxyadenosine are uncertain, they do appear to involve different pathways.