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Copyright of Masferrer Investiga: Revista Científica de la Universidad Salvadoreña Alberto Masferrer is the property of Universidad Salvadorena Alberto Masferrer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The degree of curvature and configuration of root canals, creates difficulties for biomechanical work and get to a good seal ducts, therefore, proper knowledge about the various techniques of instrumentation is essential for the success of endodontic therapy. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the Step-back and Anticurvature-filing techniques in instrumentation of mesial canals of first lower molars extracted. Were used 60 first lower molars extracted with curvatures from 20° to 30° according to Schneider, of which 30 pieces were instrumented with Step-back technique and the other 30 pieces instrumented with Anticurvature-filing technique. A photography was taken to the initial radiography (before being instrumented) and another to the final radiography (with the final sealing) for comparison and analysis of both techniques. The width and maintaining the curvature of the root canals in the both groups were evaluated. The results showed that both techniques were achieved with a good widening without statistically significant difference. However, in assessing the maintenance of the curvature, with the Step-back technique only 23% (7/30) of success was obtained, while with the Anticurvature-filing technique, in the 67% (20/30) pieces it was achieved a following the curvature of the ducts finding statistically significant difference (p= 0.001). This shows that the use of the Anticurvature-filing technique achieves better results compared with the Step-back technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of knowledge of Stomatology has proven to be useful for the individualization and identification of dead bodies because they are mainly based on the acquired variations of the oral cavity. So. the aim of the study is to evaluate the use of dental records ante-mortem and post-mortem for the identification of corpses in skeletal reduction in El Salvador. Therefore, we included 50 skeletonized bodies found in mass graves throughout the Salvadoran territory, obtaining 18% of the corpses were individualized by the presence of fixed partial and complete dentures? also established that 50 bodies had characteristics in oral cavity which if they had possessed the ante-mortem dental records it would have been easy to identify without resorting to invasive methods such as DNA testing, reducing the economic and social costs to clarify the identity of those bodies? since these would have provided timely and forceful identification, by the fact of being more certain and more conclusive than those based on personal items. Another aspect to assess and facilitate the individualization and subsequent identification is the inclusion of dental records in the national database of missing people compared to the findings in oral cavity of corpses found in skeletal reduction in El Salvador. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bruxism, is a process of making involuntary jerky movements or grinding, or clenching of teeth sliding nonfunctional type, different masticatory jaw movements, habits which may lead to occlusal trauma, which may have local dental and neurogenic consequences, affecting nerve endings of the trigeminal pathway, with involvement of the cutaneous and visceral afferent fibers of a-beta type II (periodontal mechanorcceptors), affected by excessive contraction. There is also evidence suggesting that the cause of muscle contraction has a central etiology. The neurophysiological study of brain stem reflexes mediated by the trigeminal nerve can examine these circuits and discriminate a peripheral condition of a central commitment. In the present study were examined the masticatory rhythm and electromyographic activity in the act of swallowing and peripheral structures afferent of the reflex arch trigeminal in 21 healthy subjects and 30 bruxers were examined to evaluate the possible involvement of the central nervous system and/or peripheral in the etiology of bruxism. There were found statistically significant differences in the following aspects: 1) Bruxers had shorter duration of the second silent period contralateral masseter electric stimulation on the right side and bilateral mechanical stimulus (15.27 ± 11.32 msec, and 25.29 ± 16.68 msec.) compared to healthy subjects (22.37 ± 11.49 msec, [p <0.033] and 39.18 ± 24.07 msec, [p <0.02]), and 2) bruxers had saved electromyographic activity of the orbicularis oris muscle in masticatory movements, shorter than in healthy subjects (412.55 ± 124.54 msec, in patients vs 582.40 ± 294.06 msec, in healthy subjects; [p = 0.02]). The findings of this study suggest afferent or efferent defects in the trigeminal motor circuit involved in chewing program in patients with bruxism; in the absence of disturbances of peripheral nerves, the failure observed could be due to dysfunction in pontobulbares reflex circuits or the integration of afferent impulses in the motor at the level of the basal ganglia and neurophysiological studies program may be useful to screen patients when bruxism compared to healthy subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combined urodynamic investigation, including uroflowmetry, cystomanometry and intraurethral pressure profile (IPP) assessment, was carried out in 25 patients with prostatic adenomas and carcinomas, selected to undergo transurethral electroresection (TUR). The same combined investigation was repeated 2 months after TUR in 14 of 25 patients. The study of lower urinary urodynamics made use of Diza-2100 (Denmark) measuring system, recording maximum and mean volumetric urinary flow rate, volume and duration of micturition. The quantity of residual urine was also determined; the bladder was filled with CO2 at the rate of 50 ml/min for retrograde cystomanometry. In IPP assessment, the rate of catheter removal from the bladder was 1 mm/sec, and the rate of gas perfusion was 10 ml/min. Post-TUR follow-up revealed an increase of volumetric micturition rate to normal values, a drop in maximum intravesical pressure, and a reduction of functional length of the urethra and its prostatic segment, demonstrating that TUR is a very effective method of treatment for prostatic adenomas and carcinomas, involving little injury, and that the examined parameters of lower urinary urodynamics are objective indicators of treatment efficiency.