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This article discusses the online edition of the “Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung” (DAZ, German General Newspaper), an exceptional media product in Kazakhstan. This medium was chosen mainly for its very complex linguistic and cultural configuration. The linguistic forms are German, while the discourse and text traditions suggest a Russian influence due to the long hegemony of Russian as the language of culture and education in Kazakhstan. Additionally, the current sociocultural frame of reference is of genuine Kazakh origin. The central aim of this evidence-based media linguistic analysis was to describe the unique features in the language of this online medium, i.e. the multilingual aspects of language variation and aspects related to language and cultural contact. The methodology is based on a linguistic concept of saliency and used interrater reliability in the linguistic assessment. The study showed that the online version and the print version differ not only on a technical level, but also in their journalistic and linguistic design. The digital version is marked by livelier, more idiomatic, and more colorful texts than the print version. These differences can likely not just be attributed to the greater range of options provided by the new medium, but possibly also to the larger share of contributions by authors from Germany in the online version compared to the print version. In the written practices examined in this article it could be shown that authors from Kazakhstan generally used ‘multiliteracy’ form that also generated emergent forms.

Introduction. The area of intercultural communication with its system-forming theory, empirical research and implementation is gaining currency both in academic research and in the professional training of students. Regarding the latter aspect, there is a need (a) for developing a concept for the training of master’s students with knowledge of foreign languages; (b) for the introduction of new educational practices that successfully combine intercultural communication, foreign language and the modeling of communicative behavior in foreign language communication with its further reproduction in language practice in the students’ native language as well as (c) for the introduction of an educational project using modern technologies in the practice of institutions of higher education. The paper discusses the concept, structure and content of an educational project relying on the experience of higher education in Russia and Germany and aims to work towards an understanding of the social significance of future professional activities, primarily concerning the specific problems as well as of the adequacy of social and professional contacts in intercultural communication. Materials and Methods. Based on the subject, object and objectives of the study, the project’s methodological plan was implemented in the following stages: project planning, development of the fundamental features of the concept; determination of the project’s content; project modeling; introduction to the training of master’s students of various specialties at institutions of higher education. The methodological basis of the project consisted of the analysis of intercultural communication between representatives of the German and the Russian linguocultural community as well as the exchange of experience between them and their comparison. Results. Following the study and the exchange of experience between the institutions of higher education of Russia and Germany, the need for an integrative educational course was revealed, aiming at the improvement and optimization of intercultural communication skills at the level of both professional and personal communication with the goal to prepare master’s students for their future as researchers and practitioners. The educational project presented in the paper drawing on an eponymous integrative course will increase the efficiency of the training of master’s students from various specialized fields and prepare them for successful communication processes with representatives of other linguocultural communities. Discussion and Conclusion. The contents of this paper will be useful for researchers interested in optimizing the preparation of master’s students with knowledge in foreign languages by applying international experience.

Die vorliegende evidenzbasierte Studie stellt auf Basis eines Forschungs- und Dokumentationsprojekts aktuelle ungarndeutsche Kontaktvarietäten fränkischer Provenienz aus Südungarn vor und erschließt charakteristische Prozesse, Muster und Resultate intensiven deutsch-ungarischen Kontakt- bzw. Interaktionsgeschehens. Es werden u. a. spezifische Zwischenformen und Verbindungen aus den verfügbaren Kodes der Sprecher aufgedeckt: Mittels der Beschreibung zahlreicher overter und coverter Transferenzprozesse, Kode-Umschaltungen, bilingualer Dopplungen etc. konnte das Profil einer gleichsam „postfränkischen“ Dialektausprägung, also einer spezifischen sprachlich-kommunikativen „Grenzgänger-Varietät“, herausgearbeitet werden. Es wurde klar, dass bei den ermittelten Kontaktphänomenen prototypisch drei Klassen eine Rolle spielen: (a) interlinguale Transfers/Übernahmen, (b) zwischensprachliche Kopien und (c) Sprachalternierungen. Die ersten beiden Manifestationsarten fasst der Aufsatz unter Hybridität zusammen, während Typ (c) als Synkretismus betrachtet wird. Dabei wurde auch deutlich, dass sich in der kommunikativen Welt von Ungarndeutschen zunehmend Erosionserscheinungen zeigen: Die Wortfluency lässt nach und eine langsame Restrukturierung des Systems setzt ein, die augenscheinlich in den semantischen und morphologischen Domänen anfängt. Dies führt sukzessiv zu einer Abnahme der Funktionsvitalität ungarndeutscher Dialektvarietäten.

This article is based on the understanding that figurative linguistic signs are in general a common research topic in the media language but represent a desideratum especially with regard to the German-speaking press abroad. Against this background, some of the figurative and formulaic related observations as well as the results of a current research project are thematised and discussed. The primary goal is a focused evidence-based analysis – more precisely: a theory-based qualitative exploration – of special features of figurative language use in three German-language minority newspapers from Russia, Kazakhstan and Hungary. In addition, manifestations of culturality are developed in the analysed media discourse, which is characterised by multilingualism and interculturality or rather transculturality. The approach is not normative and error-analytical, but descriptive and primarily contact- or intercultural-oriented. Among other things, it was found that the empirical database provided only relatively few figurative phrases. The findings include that other textual mechanisms prevail and due to the multilingual settings the text producers adopt fixed syntactic schemes from the contact languages. On the producer side, a German-based figurative language is generally used, but it is congruent with the figurativity of the respective contact language (in the present case: Russian, Kazakh and Hungarian), including Russian/Kazakh/Hungarian-oriented framings. In this context, the dominant feature is constituted of (virulent or latent) language contact-related phenomena with some dynamics: primarily transference formations of different kinds. At the same time, it cannot be ignored that the language and text (types) competence and especially the figurative competence of the text producers in the area of conceptual-writing skills vary widely and are often not comparable to those of federal German journalists.

Die Studie arbeitete zentrale sprachliche Profilmerkmale der Deutschen Allgemeinen Zeitung (DAZ) in Kasachstan heraus und lieferte dabei auch einen Beitrag zur Erschließung von Manifestationen der Kulturalität im analysierten interkulturellen Mediendiskurs. Der verwendete Ansatz war – im Denkrahmen der interkulturellen Linguistik – deskriptiv und vorrangig variations- bzw. kontaktorientiert. Die Besonderheit der Zeitung besteht vor allem darin, dass ihre Sprache praktisch monolingual deutsch ist, während ihr kulturelles Umfeld eine kasachisch-russische Prägung aufweist. Die daraus resultierende konkrete Sprachverwendung in der DAZ wurde unter Nutzung des Salienz-Konzeptes betrachtet. Im ausgewerteten Korpus des Jahrgangs 2017 wurden sprachbezogene Salienzen auf nahezu allen Ebenen herausgearbeitet, allen voran in Lexik und Phraseologie, Grammatik, Stil, Grafie sowie Typografie. Die eruierten Verwendungsbesonderheiten resultieren aus drei Prozessen typologisch unterschiedlicher Art: (1) aus prototypischen Sprachkontaktmechanismen, also aus Transfers oder Nachahmungen von Elementen, Strukturen und Modellen der Kontaktsprachen Russisch und Kasachisch; (2) aus Verfremdungsprozessen, z. B. Kontrastverschiebungen oder -übertreibungen, die sich aus einer unsicheren Beherrschung der Zielsprache Deutsch, etwa durch Übergeneralisierung des Sprachsystems, ergeben; (3) aus Normverletzungen aufgrund von Unachtsamkeit, d. h. Flüchtigkeitsfehler bzw. problematische oder grenzwertige Formulierungen, die selbst bei Textproduzenten mit exzellenter (nativer) Sprachbeherrschung vorkommen. Es ist nachgewiesen worden, dass quantitativ die mehrsprachigkeits-, kontakt- und/oder kompetenzbedingten Auffälligkeiten überwiegen, wobei sich der sprachliche Kontakteinfluss des Russischen als größer erwies als der des Kasachischen. Auf dieser Basis konnte der Beitrag die DAZ als eine mehrfach kulturasymmetrische Grenzgänger-Zeitung mit einer spezifischen Form von Mehrschriftlichkeit erfassen und beschreiben.

The paper outlines the objectives, structures and contents as well as the current state of the research project “Digital Portal ‘Bilingual and Language Contact Corpus of German as a Minority Language in Hungary’”, which is currently being edited at the Department of Germanic Linguistics at the University of Erfurt. It is about a variational and contact linguistic research and documentation of authentic spoken-language material in the field of German as a minority language in Hungary (key word: “Danube Swabians”). Against the background of the general project presentation the essay focuses on a dialect book about German as a minority language in Hungary, which – or at least its concept – is to be one of the results of this project.

Die Germanistik als wissenschaftliches Fach sieht gegenwärtig im Hinblick auf Profil, Inhalte und Methoden natürlich nicht mehr so aus, wie sie im disziplinenbildenden 19. Jhd. konzipiert und etabliert wurde. Sie hat eine wechselvolle Fachgeschichte durchlaufen und steht derzeit vor großen Herausforderungen. In diesem Kontext hat der Beitrag vor, eine neue oder zumindest differenziertere Standortbestimmung der Germanistik und ihrer Erscheinungsformen zu erarbeiten. So stellt er einige Überlegungen zu aktuellen Grundsatzfragen bezüglich der Fachtypologie, der Konzeptualisierung, der Verortung und der Perspektiven der Germanistik (in ihren mannigfaltigen Ausprägungen) an und diskutiert diese in ihrem mehrsprachigen und multikulturellen Referenzrahmen. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden Elemente der Konturen und Leistungen einer speziell ostmitteleuropäischen Germanistik herausgearbeitet.

Introduction: Reel syndrome resulting in lead dislodgement is a rare, but well-known complication of cardiac device implantation. Therefore, it has to be considered in case of device dysfunction. Case description: We present the case of a 64-year-old male patient who visited our ward following an ICD shock. He had heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, and had a CRT-D device implanted 2 years before. The 12-lead ECG showed a septal pacemaker rhythm. Device interrogation verified adequate ICD therapy, with left ventricular sensing and capture failure. Chest X-ray showed optimal right atrial and defibrillator lead position. The left ventricular lead was not present near the heart. Our patient reported that he regularly manipulated the area around the device. During the pacemaker system revision, the diagnosis of isolated coronary sinus lead Reel syndrome was verified. We removed the old lead and implanted a new one in a good position in a lateral vein. Discussion: Thorough patient education and regular check-ups for patients living with permanent pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators are essential. Migration of the device can occur in some rare cases, leading to lead dislodgement. We can reduce the risk of these complications by appropriately anchoring leads and generators.

We present the case of a 52-year-old female patient on optimal medical therapy (OMT) for heart failure with severely reduced ejection fraction. She was diagnosed with dextrocardia and congenital corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA) by echocardiography. Despite 3 months of OMT and a persisting NYHA II functional state, she was referred for primary prevention ICD implantation. At admission echocardiography revealed a hypertrophic systemic ventricle with an ejection fraction of 27%. Cardiac CT confirmed ccTGA, dextrocardia, a normal extracardiac and epicardial venous system. Coronary artery disease was excluded. Our team opted for left-sided VDD-ICD implantation in case of a need for AV-synchronous pacing and to enhance arrhythmia discrimination. An active fixation shock lead was placed in the mid-septal region of the functional right ventricle. The defibrillation threshold test (DFT) was successful at 20 J. No periprocedural complications were observed. At the 12-month ambulatory visit, device interrogation showed good function, no detected arrhythmias, and no antitachycardia therapy was delivered. Preoperative imaging is essential prior to any invasive cardiac procedure in patients with congenital heart disease. Performing a DFT test at adult congenital heart disease patients may be reasonable.

Abstract Background Cryoballoon ablation is a commonly used approach to treat patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Objectives Report on the safety and efficacy of cryoballoon ablation for the treatment of AF in the largest global cohort of cryoablated patients prospectively studied within a single registry. Methods The Cryo AF Global Registry is a prospective, multi‐center registry. Patients with paroxysmal AF (PAF) or persistent AF (PsAF) were treated with the cryoballoon catheter according to routine practices at 93 sites across 36 countries. Primary efficacy endpoints included freedom from AF and freedom from AF/atrial flutter (AFL)/atrial tachycardia (AT) ≥30 seconds. The primary safety endpoint was serious device‐ or procedure‐related adverse events over 12 month follow‐up. Results During this evaluation window, 2922 subjects completed an index cryoballoon procedure, and 1440 completed 12 month follow‐up. The cohort was 61 ± 12 years of age, 36.3% female, and 78.7% PAF. Serious device‐ and procedure‐related adverse event rates were 1.5% and 3.4%, respectively. Freedom from AF/AFL/AT after the 90 day blanking period was 86.4% (95% CI: 84.3%‐88.3%) in patients with PAF and 70.9% (95% CI: 64.6%‐76.4%) in patients with PsAF. Freedom from AF/AFL/AT in first‐line PAF and PsAF was 90.0% (95% CI: 86.4%‐92.7%) and 72.9% (95% CI: 58.6%‐83.0%) at 12 months, respectively. Conclusions The Cryo Global AF Registry is the largest evaluation to demonstrate cryoablation is an efficient, safe, and effective treatment for patients with AF worldwide. Cryoablation was commonly used to treat patients prior to an AAD failure and may facilitate earlier therapy for patients on the AF disease continuum.