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Introducción: La pediatría es una de las especialidades básicas en la atención primaria de salud encargada de la promoción, prevención, curación y rehabilitación en la población infantil, pero su evolución histórica en este nivel de atención ha sido poco estudiada. Objetivo: Sistematizar el desarrollo histórico de la especialidad de Pediatría en la atención primaria de salud durante el periodo revolucionario en Cuba. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una investigación cualitativa de revisión documental de alcance exploratorio. Para identificar los documentos que se revisarían fue consultada la base bibliográfica Scielo, PubMed/Medline y en el motor de búsqueda Google Académico sin límite de años. Se utilizó el método histórico-lógico, el análisis documental y la sistematización. Se estudiaron 85 artículos, de los cuales 30 fueron referenciados. Desarrollo: Se periodiza el desarrollo de la pediatría en la atención primaria de salud durante el periodo revolucionario en seis decenios. A partir del análisis de cada decenio, se identifican las principales acciones desplegadas por el sistema nacional de salud basado en el enfoque de la atención primaria de salud. Conclusiones: El desarrollo histórico de la pediatría en la atención primaria de salud estuvo relacionado con la revolución social y voluntad política del Estado y con el proceso de perfeccionamiento constante de los modelos de atención médica del período revolucionario en Cuba, como parte de la aplicación de la estrategia de la atención primaria de salud. La presencia del especialista de pediatría en este nivel de atención contribuyó a perfeccionar y enriquecer la práctica médica.

Introduction: The infant mortality rate is an important and sensitive indicator of the well-being and life quality of a population, very used to measure the health state. Objective: To characterize the infant mortality in Santiago de Cuba province during the period 2008-2022. Methods: An observational descriptive and cross-sectional study about the infant mortality was carried out in Santiago de Cuba during the years 2008-2022. The existent relationship among the semesters of every year regarding births, deaths and their incidence in the country rate was analyzed. Results: A decrease of births and an increment of deaths were observed in each five year period studied regarding the previous one. The number of deceased children under one year fluctuated, with a tendency to the increase starting from 2019; also, the indicators of infant mortality were unstable, with tendency to the increment, mainly in the second semester, and worse results in 2021 and 2022. There was a maintained decrease of births since 2011 that reached 25.6% in 2022. In relation to semesters, in the second one there was a higher number of births, deaths and rates. Conclusions: Santiago de Cuba province influences in a direct way on the results of national infant mortality, with a superior rate to the one exhibited by the country. The second semester is the period in which births and deaths are increased, what impacts in the elevation of the respective rates.

José Martí, the most universal of Cubans, the man who united his compatriots in exile and organized The Necessary War, suffered from several pathological entities, including some of the otorhinolaryngological type; but these illnesses did not stop him in his work to achieve a free homeland. In the present work, some errors found in a publication that exposes the otorhinolaryngological diseases that afflicted the Apostle are specified.

Internal medicine is the branch of general medicine that is responsible for the study of adult conditions such as biopsychosocial being. The clinician must have a solid professional training that allows him to know, value and transform the state of health of the population, as well as support his performance in philosophical, humanistic and ethical principles and values. The objective of this work is to offer considerations on the training process of the internal medicine specialist in Cuba. The training of internal medicine professionals has changed their conceptions throughout a historical process, marked by events and facts that define it in its current character. It is recognized that it must be the result of a formative process of excellence, which contributes from the academic, labor and investigative aspects to their instruction, education and professional growth, which constitutes the essential result of their formative process in the short, medium and long term. The internal medicine residency developed in Cuba manifests a set of features, which by way of regularities and trends have characterized it in its historical evolution, which show curricular changes and transformations in its design, dynamics, and evaluation.

Solidarity gestation is an assisted human reproductive technique intended for different or same sex couples and to single people with some infertility problems which prevent them from conceiving in a natural way. In this respect, the Cuba's Family Code clarifies that this procedure should only be carried out due to altruistic reasons and human solidarity, without any fees. Taking into account the above considerations, the topic was analyzed from different points of view, aimed at socializing this practice as a reproduction opportunity for Cuban families.

There are some situations that put Cuba at risk in terms of drug use, including the increase in tourism, relations with countries that have high rates of use, the geographic location in drug trafficking corridors, and the high prevalence of portering drugs. In this regard, the National Health System must be prepared to prevent the problem and care for those affected, so it is necessary to maintain updated information on risk factors and the main products used by consumers. In the present bibliographical review on the subject, it is sought to draw the attention of health workers in this regard, data on the magnitude of the problem are offered and elements of its background are addressed, as well as drugs classification of, the risk factors associated with its use and the legal bases for its control in Cuba.

Introduction: Numerous women have contributed to the development of stomatology in Cuba and in Cienfuegos. However, in this sense, few local sources broach the lives of these women. Objective: To deepen in the life and work of Dr. María Narcisa Isacia Agramonte Jiménez, so that elements of the historical evolution of Cienfuegos stomatology can be rescued. Methods: A historical-biographical research was carried out from October 2016 to December 2020. Memoirs were used as a way of reviewing the history. The methods used were analytical-synthetic and deductive-inductive; and the sub-methods employed were chronological, numismatic, diplomatic and iconographic. Historical research techniques were used to collect data: documentary review and interviews. As primary sources of the research, historical-legal documents were consulted at the Civil Status Registry (2), and at the University of Havana (1), as well as oral interviews (13), with testimonies of key informants. A bibliographic search was carried out, with four references of articles and books. Results: María Narcisa Isacia Agramonte Jiménez was the first middle class female dentist from Lajas -also black-, graduated in 1944. She had an active revolutionary presence, after 1959. The donation of all her dental equipment to the “Manuel Piti Fajardo” polyclinic in Cruces, of which she was the founding dentist, stands out. Conclusions: The vocation of the first dentist from La Paz for pedagogy and her commitment to the revolutionary cause were elements of vital importance in the development of stomatology in Cruces.

Design thinking constitutes a key tool for the transformation of learning environments, by placing the student at the center of the entire educational process and promoting the use of tools and instruments that facilitate communication and the transmission of information. This study describes the experience of using the design thinking methodology in the Information Literacy Program for first-year students at the “Carlos Rafael Rodríguez” University of Cienfuegos, Cuba. The research is qualitative, descriptive and is based on a case study. Within the research methods and techniques, documentary analysis is used, the focus group with the librarians of the Resource Center for Learning and Research to know the expectations and experiences of the methodological proposal, the interview with the person in charge of the Department of Information with the objective of identifying the strengths and opportunities of the library institution in the design of activities based on design thinking, as well as a questionnaire to students to validate the applicability of the strategy. The results show the need to use this initiative to adapt the training strategy to the real needs of students according to their professional profile, and thus encourage greater use of the university library in academic and scientific activity. The conclusions point to design thinking as a work methodology that contributes to the development and strengthening of creative, innovative and critical thinking by providing significant experiences in the formation of professional skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A presente investigação almeja demonstrar como a literatura contemporânea consegue derrubar inúmeras barreiras socioculturais e expor, ao mesmo tempo em que representa, determinadas realidades; neste caso, a condição do autoritarismo em Cuba, sobretudo aquele vivenciado a partir da decadência da revolução e da queda da União Soviética. Para cumprir tal objetivo, dois romances serão analisados: Dreaming in Cuban (1992), da escritora cubano-americana Cristina García e Nunca fui primeira dama (2010), da escritora cubana Wendy Guerra. Com base na perspectiva de denúncia que ambos apresentam, busca-se verificar como o autoritarismo surge exposto no texto literário dessas duas escritoras que, nos âmbitos pessoais e familiares, testemunharam e sofreram as consequências da Revolução Cubana.

Introducción: las enfermedades del corazón constituyen la principal causa de mortalidad en Cuba, donde las cardiopatías isquémicas y el infarto agudo del miocardio, presentan elevada incidencia. Objetivo: caracterizar las tendencias en la producción científica cubana sobre infarto agudo del miocardio en Scopus en el periodo 2011–2021. Método: estudio observacional, descriptivo, bibliométrico de la producción científica cubana sobre infarto agudo del miocardio en Scopus entre 2011 y 2021. Se estudiaron el número de documentos, tipología, año de publicación, tasa de variación de la producción, revista, número de citas, indicadores de la familia del índice h, número de autores, organización que financió el estudio y colaboración de autores foráneos. Se emplearon los programas VOSviewer 1.6.11, y Harzing’s Publish or Perish. Resultados: de los 52 artículos, el 84,6 % fueron originales. Los artículos fueron publicados en 25 revistas; de ellas, 7 nacionales, donde las más productivas fueron Revista Cubana de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular, con 7 artículos, y Medicc Review, con 6. Se recibieron un total de 86 citas, con una media de 8,6 citas al año y 1,65 citas por artículo y un índice h de 5. Se identificó colaboración con investigadores de ocho países, donde Estados Unidos reportó el mayor número de colaboraciones (3). Conclusiones: la producción científica cubana en Scopus sobre infarto agudo del miocardio se caracterizó por ser baja, con un predominio de artículos originales y una tendencia al estancamiento o decremento cuantitativo. Se evidenció un creciente impacto científico, así como la colaboración entre investigadores cubanos y foráneos.

Since the triennium 1989-1991 the Cuban economy began to weaken due to the fall of sugar and petroleum prices, as well as due to the descent in the rate of the American dollar and due to the disintegration of the Soviet Union that brought the lack of convertible foreign currencies, fuels, foods, and disabled the application of credits to international financial institutions. This way, began the so call "special period", based in a plan to face a possible military blockade in times of peace, and during which foods were strictly rationalized and the essential industries and transport diminished. In such circumstances a strange disease appeared that became epidemic, which was named Cuban epidemic optic neuropathy; it affected more than 50 000 Cubans and became a true challenge for the medical community of the country. In this respect, historical events related to the emergence of this ophtalmopathy are analyzed in this work, that defends the theory of its toxic-nutritional cause due to the situation of Cuba in that moment and the leadership of Commander in Chief Fidel is outstanding in the conduction of the multidisciplinary actions that lead to control this epidemic, what became an achievement for the Health National System and a victory of the Cuban Revolution.