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10. Care concept in medical and nursing students' descriptions: philosophical approach and implications for medical education

Author

Dobrowolska, Beata, Slusarska, Barbara, Zarzycka, Danuta, Mcgonagle, Ian, Pawlikowski, Jakub, Cuber, Tomasz, Dobrowolska, Beata, Slusarska, Barbara, Zarzycka, Danuta, Mcgonagle, Ian, Pawlikowski, Jakub, and Cuber, Tomasz

Abstract

Introduction. Care is seen as something that is peculiar to the medical sciences but its meaning and status for physicians and nurses differs. Objectives. The aim of this research was to learn how nursing and medical students understand and define care, and how their definition and views on their practice of caring change as they advance through their studies. Material and methods. The study was conducted among two groups of students: before and after their first practicum (n=102). Analysis of the students' answers was carried out using Colaizzi's phenomenological descriptive methodology, which means that a qualitative approach was used. Results. The qualitative analysis shows that the medical and nursing students define care in the same way, using 9 main categories: compassion, commitment, competence, confidence, conscience, communication, patience, courage and support. The nursing students viewed their caring to be within both practical and emotional dimensions and this was a core feature of their identity as nurses. Medical students, on the other hand, viewed the practical dimension of care as an additional activity. All the students in the study underlined the importance of having time to care and showed that, for them, 'time' in this context has a moral meaning. What was interesting to the research team centered on the initial attitudes to 'caring' from both medical and nursing students. Conclusions. We found that students of both nursing and medicine do not begin their studies with different attitudes and concepts of care. However, after their initial exposure to practical placements a process begins which forges different identities around the concept of care. This implies trends in the division of professional roles during their initial education.

11. Health-promoting activities performed by nurses for patients with COPD.

Author

Dobrowolska B, Mazurek H, Slusarska B, Zarzycka D, Charzyńska-Gula M, and Cuber T

Subjects
Adult, Comorbidity, Humans, Patient Education as Topic methods, Poland, Population Surveillance, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive epidemiology, Smoking epidemiology, Social Support, Surveys and Questionnaires, Health Promotion methods, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive nursing, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive rehabilitation, Smoking Prevention
Abstract

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth most common cause of death in the world. The significance of health promotion is usually emphasised among the activities which nurses should undertake in relation to patients suffering from COPD. The aim of the study was to analyse the frequency and types of health promotion activities undertaken by nurses in relation to patients suffering from COPD., Material and Methods: The diagnostic survey with the use of a questionnaire constructed by the authors was applied in the study. Data collected in 2008 among 132 nurses (100%) working in outpatient and hospital healthcare sectors in Poland were quantitatively analysed., Results: Nurses working in hospitals more frequently took part in diagnosing COPD (62.30%) than those working in outpatient establishments did (33.40%). Anti-smoking counselling was performed by 69% of respondents. Nurses very rarely used professional tools for the measurement of the level of nicotine addiction (6%) or the level of motivation to fight the addiction (4%). Activities in terms of health education carried out on a patient with COPD were declared by 66.67% of primary care nurses, and by 76.81% from hospitals. The nurses surveyed did not perform any monitoring of their recommendations and did not assess their effectiveness. Participation in interdisciplinary pulmonary rehabilitation programmes was declared by 9.53% of outpatient sector nurses and by 40.58% of nurses from hospitals., Conclusions: Nurses' activities in relation to patients suffering from COPD have a mainly educational nature, but unfortunately they are casual, occasional and unplanned. Planned and formal inclusion of nurses in the process of realisation of health promotion programs for patients with COPD is recommended, i.e. by planning funds for the tasks which can be performed by them. More attention should be payed to professional training of nurses for realisation of the process of health education, especially anti-smoking intervention.

Published
2014
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